unit 7 the spanish empire

Almudena Corrales Marbán

UNIT 7. THE SPANISH EMPIRE

2nd graders Social Studies

Year 2015-2016

Felipe II, by Tiziano, 1551

Carlos I and dog, by Tiziano, 1532.


1. INTRODUCTIONAs you have studied in unit 6, the modern state

began in Spain with the reign of Isabel and Fernando of Aragón, who where known as the Catholic Monarchs. During their reign, The Iberian Peninsula began to be governed by a common policy.

However, Castilla and Aragón continued to be independent kingdoms and even kept their own cortes, laws, languages, coins and institutions.


ROYAL FAMILY

TREE


2. THE 16TH CENTURY

The 16th century in Spain was marked by the reign of the Habsburg dynasty monarchs-Carlos I, V of Germany, son of Felipe I and Juana I (daugther of the Catholic Monarchs), and Felipe II, son of Carlos I.


3. THE REIGN OF CARLOS I

Young Carlos I

Born in Ghent, Gante (in Spanish), Belgium, in 1500. He was proclaimed king of Spain in 1516. Three years later, 1519, he was elected emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, with the name of Carlos V, until 1556, whose crown passed to his brother Fernando.

Carlos V crowned by Clemente

VII

Do you remember Charlemagne or Charles the Great?Same name as our Emperor.

Charles the Great was his role model as the emperor of Christianity.

Charlemagne was crowned by the Pope Leon III in 800


3.1. DOMESTIC POLICY

Carlos I governed many kingdoms, since he

inherited the Crowns of Castilla and

Aragon as well as Navarra, the Canary

Islands, some cities in Northern Africa,

discovered lands in America and other land in Europe: Rousillon, Naples, Sicily and

Sardinia.

He ended the Germania Revolt (1519-1523); a rebellion against the nobility by

armed brotherhoods

created by guilds in Valencia and

Mallorca.

He represssed the rebellion of the

Comuneros (1520-1521); a conflict in

some cities of Castilla provoked my members of the bourgeoisie,

who would not accept the king’s

foreign advisers or a rise in taxes. The

comuneros were defeated in Villalar in 1521 and their

leaders were executed.


3.1. FOREIGN POLICYFrom his paternal grandparents, the

Habsburgs, Carlos I inherited the

Netherlands, the Frank County, and

territories in central Europe.

He defeated France in a war for the

control of the Italian

territories.

He fought against the German princes of the Holy Roman

Empire, who rejected his imperial

authority and supported

Protestantism. Remember they elected

the Emperor. He defeated them in the Battle of Mühlberg (Germany) in 1547. In the end, he had to

sign the Peace of Augsburg, to be in

good terms, which gave the German princes the

right to choose their religion

He fought against the Ottoman

Empire which was trying to control the

North of Africa and the

Mediterranean Sea.

Soliman, leader of the

Turks Battle of Mühlberg by,

Tiziano


4. THE REIGN OF FELIPE II

Felipe II (1556-1598) inherited his father Carlos I’s possesions on the peninsula, many territories in the rest of Europe and North, as well as land in Central and South America.

In the year 1580, Felipe II was also recognised as king of Portugal, when the Portuguese king died withouth an heir.

Carlos I y Felipe II, en un óleo de Antonio Arias Fernández. 1639 -

1640. Museo del Prado


4.1. DOMESTIC POLICY

Felipe II established the

capital in Madrid.He strenghtened

the administration by giving more power to the

secretaries and cosolidating the

role of the councils.

He came into conflict with the

Moriscos (Muslims converted to

Christianity) He was afraid they

could support the Turks, who were trying to control

the Mediterranean coast.

He kept viceroys, who

governed different

territories in the king’s names.

Part of Aragón revolted against

the king, who claimed for

Antonio Pérez, his secretary, accused

of murder, but protected by the

Aragonese.

Royal Alcalzar of Madrid, 16th century

Antonio Pérez


4.2. FOREIGN POLICYHe defeated the French in the Battle of San Quentin, 1557

This assured Spain’s

predominance in Italy for a long

time.He defended the western

Mediterranean against the Turks and defeated them in the Battle of

Lepanto, Greece, 1571.. For this he

made an alliance with Venice and the Pope,

La Santa Alianza.

England’s support for

theProtestants in the Netherlands

led to a war between England

and Spain. The Spanish Armada was defeated in

the English waters in 1588.

He tried to control the

Protestants in the Netherlands, but

they finally gained

independence from the Spanish

crown.

He intervened in religious

conflicts in France supporting

the Catholics against the French.The Battle of Lepanto,

1571


5 . CULTURE, ARCHITECTU RE AN D ART

There were several renowned humanists, such as Antonio de Nebrija, author of the first grammar book in Castilla, and Jua Luis Vives, who taught at different European universities.Literary figures included Garcilaso de la Vega and Fray Luis de León. The most significant novel was El lazarillo de Tormes.Renaissance architecture and art spread throughout Spain from the 16th century.

EL ESCORIAL, Juan de Herrera. You have another ppt about it, following this.


6. THE CONQUEST AND COLONISATION OF

AMERICA

THE NATIVE AMERICANS. CULTURAS PRECOLOMBINASThe Aztecs.

Their capital was Tenochtitlán (Mexico). At the head of the society was the emperor and they were polytheistic.

The Maya.They occupied the Yucatan Peninsula and part of Central America. They knew about astronomy and used writing (maya calendar). Their economy was based on agriculture (maize pumpkin, cocoa)

The Inca.

Their capital was Cuzco (Peru). They grew crops like potato or maize and kept livestock like llamas. At the head of the society was the emperor, who was thought to be the son of the Sun. They created a network of paths and sanctuaries (Machupichu)


The conquest of America was a short process. The number of Spanish conquistadores was not very large but they had firearms and horses (not known by the natives).

• Led by Hernán Cortés and helped by other indigeneous people, the Spanish conquered the Aztec Empire in 1520.

• Francisco Pizarro took advantage of the fighting withinh the Inca Empire to capture and execute the last emperor, and so put an end to the empire in the year 1533.

• The Spanish conquest of the Maya lands began in 1527, but was not completed until the 18th century.


Hernán Cortés conquistador de Nueva España (México), y el cazique Moctezuma II


Francisco Pizarro recibido por Carlos V en Yuste. Grabado de La Ilustración Española y Americana. La escena representa al conquistador español Francisco Pizarro exponiendo ante el rey Carlos I de España las pruebas del descubrimiento del fabuloso Imperio de los incas.

7 . CON SEQ U EN CES OF THE DISCOVERY


political

•Spain and Portugal became big colonial empires. •In Spain, laws were passed by Carlos I to defend the native American people. These laws were passed after several complaining letters written by Bartolomé de las Casas, a monk who lived in America.

economic

•Large quantities of gold and silver reached Europe.•New crops like maize, tomatoes or potatoes were introduced in Europe.

•Horses, cows, sheeps and pigs were introduced into America,as well as crops like grapes, coffee, from africa, and rice.

Social and

cultural

•Native Amercian population decreased in number because of wars, deseases and overwork. Many Spanish people emigrated to America and mixed with the population. This produced a number of mestizos.

•The discovery of America enabled humans to understand better the true dimesnsions of teh world.

•Christian religion and Spanish culture were introduced into America.


TO K NO W M OR E… … I N T E R E S T I N G L I N K S

• http://www.foroxerbar.com/viewtopic.php?t=8776• http://www.nationalgeographic.com.es/articulo/historia/

grandes_reportajes/8521/carlos.htm• http://blogs.20minutos.es/xx-siglos/2015/11/19/javier-

olivares-felipe-ii-politicos-ministerio-del-tiempo/• https://www.museodelprado.es/coleccion/obra-de-arte/

carlos-v-y-felipe-ii/b5cababe-6bb0-4e90-8f97-d4fe913842a1

unit 7 the spanish empire

Education