unit 7
DESCRIPTION
Unit 7. Structure Analysis. Understanding. Summary. Reproduction. Text Study—Structure Analysis. I. Structure Analysis. Introduction + Body + Conclusion. Text Study—Structure Analysis. Research into Population Genetics. Introduction of the book and the first - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Unit 7
Understanding
Reproduction
Structure Analysis
Summary
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I. Structure Analysis
Text Study—Structure Analysis
Introduction + Body + Conclusion
Part Para.
Maid Idea
Introduction1-2 the introduction of the book and
the first genetic map
Body
3-4 the process and difficulties of conducting the research
5-9 major contributions of the research with examples
Conclusion 10 social value of the research
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Research into Population Genetics
Introduction of the book and the first genetic map (Paras. 1–2)
Text Study—Structure Analysis
The process of conducting the research(Paras. 3–4)
Example: blood sample
(To be continued)
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Contributions of the first genetic map of the world: (Paras. 5–9)
Text Study—Structure Analysis
Conclusion: to weaken conventional notions of race that cause racial prejudice (Para. 10)
discovery birthplace origins values
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Go over the text quickly and answer the questions.For questions 1-7, mark
Y (for YES);
N (for NO);
NG (for NOT GIVEN);
For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the text.
Text Study—Understanding
II. Understanding
Make YourMake Your Judgment Judgment
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1. The History and Geography of Human Genes is a remarkable book about an extensive survey on population genetics.
2. The writers of the book firmly believe that races are remarkably different since the genes are not alike.
3. In order to reveal genetic makeup of people in all parts of the world, the writers did not set limitation when collecting human blood.
NN
NN
YY
Text Study—Understanding
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4. Some of the potential blood donors were not willing to cooperate because of some religious concern. 5. Certain race turns into another race to adapt to climate as humans move from one continent to another.
6. Writers of the book believed that Americans are a mixed population, with 65% Asian and 35% African
genes.
7. Genetic information may be great helpful in the field of medicine.
YY
YY
NGNG
NN
Text Study—Understanding
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8. The writers trace the routes by which early humans migrated around the earth by measuring how closely ________________ _________ .
9. The genetic map and __________________ confirms that Africa was the birthplace of humanity and thus the starting point of the original human movements.
10. Cavalli-Sforza says that his goal is to ______________________________ that cause racial prejudice.
ancient human bones
current populations
“weaken conventional notions of race”
Text Study—Understanding
are related
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The book The History and Geography of Human Genes was written after the __________ have spent 16 years examining the _______________ between the populations of the world. This was achieved largely by taking the blood of hundreds of thousands of __________ from all around the world, and then analyzing their _____________.
III. Summary
genetic similaritiesresearchers
individualsblood proteins
Text Study—Summary
(To be continued)
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Scientifically this has allowed the writers to discover the _______ taken by early people migrating around the world and also to show that _____________we are all very similar on a genetic level. The ultimate goal of the study, however, is not just _________: it hopes to have a ______ effect by proving that there is
no biological basic for ______________.
routes
scientificsocial
racial prejudice
under the skin
Text Study—Summary
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Student A: the hostStudent B: the guest Luca Cavalli-SforzaOther students: audience with questions
Task: The host has an interview on Luca Cavalli-Sforza about his book and the research.
IV. Reproduction
Talk Show: Interview on Luca Cavalli-Sforza
Text Study—Reproduction
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• brief introduction of the book
• contributions of the book
• significance of the research
A sample beginning
Text Study—Reproduction
• questions from the audience
Points to cover:
• exchange of greetings
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A: What kind of book is The History and Geography of Human Genes?
B: Well, it is a collection of more than 50 years of research in population genetics.
A: Can you tell us the most remarkable idea in your book?
B: We believe that if you do not take surface features such as skin color and height into consideration, the “races” are remarkably alike under the skin.
Sample questions and answers during the interview
Text Study—Reproduction
…
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Active Expressions Focus Study
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In English, you may find some expressionsformed by very common words, but theyare active and powerful.
• What’s on at the cinema tonight?
• 今晚电影院上演什么？• What’s he up to?
• 他忙什么呢？
e.g.e.g.
I. Active Expressions
Notes to the Text—Active Expressions
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1. …various proteins that serve as markers to reveal a person’s genetic makeup.
2. One of them jumps right off the book’s cover: a color map of...
3. But their genes tell a different story.
4. But their genes beg to differ.
Find out the active expressions:
Notes to the Text—Active Expressions
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1. serve be useful; do a helpful job…
2. right exactly in a particular position; immediately
3. story information; description; occasion…
4. beg to differ do not agree with…
Active Expressions
Notes to the Text—Active Expressions
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1. 她在销售方面的才能对她以后将大有帮助。
2. 就是那栋房子，就在你前面。
3. 美国的失业率下降，欧洲也是如此。
4. 在这点上我必须说我不赞成。
TranslationTranslation
Notes to the Text—Active Expressions
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1. Her talent for selling will serve her well in the future.
2. There is the house, right in front of you.
3. Unemployment is falling in the US and it’s the same story in Europe.
4. I must beg to differ on this point.
Notes to the Text—Active Expressions
4 7 Notes to the Text—Focus Study
1. The book, however, is much more than an argument against the latest racially biased theory.
“more than” = to a greater degree than usual
Practice
II. Focus Study
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• 他不仅是一个教练，他更是一个朋友。• 学习英语不仅仅是上课和记笔记。
• He’s more than a coach; he’s a friend.
• Learning English is more than attending the classes and taking notes.
Notes to the Text—Focus Study
TranslationTranslation
Key Key
4 7 Notes to the Text—Focus Study
2. …, labored with his colleagues for 16 years to create nothing less than the first genetic map of the world.
Practice
“nothing less than” used to emphasize importance or surprise
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• 三个月就建成了这个学校，简直是一个奇迹。• 他的经历简直太奇妙了，我被感动得流下眼泪。
• The setting up of this school in three months is nothing less than a miracle.
• His experience is nothing less than magical and I am moved to tears.
Notes to the Text—Focus Study
TranslationTranslation
Key Key
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3. Cavalli-Sforza stresses that his mission is not just scientific but social as well.
not (just/only) ... but ... as well = not only ... but also …
Practice
Notes to the Text—Focus Study
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• 莎士比亚不仅是作家，也是演员。• 有些父母不仅关心这些游戏的安全性，还对它 们的教育意义表示怀疑。
• Shakespeare was not only a writer but an actor as well.
• Some parents are not only concerned with safety but skeptical of the educational value of such games as well.
Notes to the Text—Focus Study
TranslationTranslation
Key Key
Old to New
Chinese to English
Word Using
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1. to date up to now
• 迄今为止他的情况没有任何进展。• 这是他迄今为止最杰出的成就。
• To date there has been no improvement in his condition.
• This is his finest achievement to date.
TranslationTranslation
KeyKey
Words and Expressions—Word Using
I. Word Using
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2. discount vt. to think or say that sth. is not important
他说的许多话不可全信，他喜欢想象。
Much of what he says must be discounted; he likes imagining.
TranslationTranslation
KeyKey
Words and Expressions—Word Using
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2. discount n. a reduction in the usual price of something
一些剧院的戏票，学生可以打八五折。
Students get a 15% discount on someStudents get a 15% discount on some theatre ticketstheatre tickets.
TranslationTranslation
KeyKey
Words and Expressions—Word Using
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3. bias n. an unfair and unreasonable opinion or feeling
许多妇女在工作场合仍遭受根深蒂固的偏见。
Many women still encounter deep-seated bias in the workplace.
Words and Expressions—Word Using
TranslationTranslation
KeyKey
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4. be confined to be kept within certain limits
旅游团只能进行计划内的活动。
The tour group is confined to the planned activities.
TranslationTranslation
KeyKey
Words and Expressions—Word Using
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5. in effect in fact
似乎他们以为修一条新路会解决这个交通问题，事实上，情况将更糟糕。
They seem to think that building a new road will solve the traffic problem, but it will make it worse.
TranslationTranslation
KeyKey
Words and Expressions—Word Using
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6. adapt to to try to deal successfully with a new situation
According to your experience, how to adapt to college life?
• being open-minded…• turning to teachers for help• trying to making friends
Use ItUse It
TipTipss
Words and Expressions—Word Using
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7. in combination with together with
她采用利诱和威胁并用的方法，获得了成功。
By using persuasion in combination with threats, she achieved success.
TranslationTranslation
KeyKey
Words and Expressions—Word Using
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调查报告将有助于解开这个疑团。
The investigation report will shed light on the mystery.
8. shed light on to make something easier to understand
Words and Expressions—Word Using
TranslationTranslation
KeyKey
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9. be descended from to be related to someone who lived long ago
达尔文指出人类是从动物演变而来的。
Darwin pointed out that human beings are descended fromanimals.
TranslationTranslation
KeyKey
Words and Expressions—Word Using
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10. distinctive adj. having a quality or characteristic that make
sth. different and easily noticed
• 他走路的样子与众不同。• 房间里有一种特殊的气味。
• He has a distinctive way of walking. • There is a distinctive smell in the room.
TranslationTranslation
KeyKey
Words and Expressions—Word Using
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change make knownbring together
facebe similar to
dividenot the same
unusual use for profit
• vary • reveal • assemble• confront • resemble • split • distinct • unique• exploit
II. Old to New
Words and Expressions—Old to New
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III. Chinese to English
广泛的调查科学根据偏远地区
乡下引人注目的发现
并非如此适应
商业目的最终目的传统观念
• extensive survey• scientific basis • remote areas• rural region • remarkable discoveries • tell a different story• adapt to • commercial purposes• ultimate aim • conventional notions
Words and Expressions—C to E