unit 6 save the oceans unit 6 save the oceans what are the problems that our oceans face? ...

Unit 6

Save the oceansSave the oceansSave the oceansSave the oceans

Unit 6 Save the Oceans

What are the problems that our oceans face?

What are the problems that our oceans face? Over-fishing

Improved fishing equipment has greatly increased the amount of fish caught, fishermen can now travel further out to sea.


Radar

Crew’s quartersFactory deck

Engine room

Cold storeFuel tank



Over-fishing

The boats are fitted with sonar equipment to locate fish shoals. Fishermen use nets with smaller mesh sizes, so young fish was caught.


Over-fishingWhat are the problems that our

oceans face?What are the problems that our

oceans face?

Salmon Salmon

Tuna Tuna

WhaleWhale


Fish with commercial value are regularly caught in large quantities are decreasing rapidly.

Over-fishing has depleted many fish stocks such as salmon, tuna and whale.

Over-fishingWhat are the problems that our

oceans face?What are the problems that our

oceans face?

Blue whaleBlue whale

Humpback whaleHumpback whale

Many species of whale are now near extinction. Today, less than

1% of the original

population of the giant blue

whale remains.

Many species of whale are now near extinction. Today, less than

1% of the original

population of the giant blue

whale remains.

Of the hump-back whales,

only 3% remains.

Of the hump-back whales,

only 3% remains.




The release of harmful substances into the environment.

Pollution

For a long time man has looked upon oceans as a bottomless dumping ground for waste.

The amount of waste discharged into oceans has greatly increased because of the rapid development of industries and cities along the coast.




Pollutant : Industrial waste from industries along the coast.




Pollutant Pollutant :: City sewage City sewage from densely from densely populated populated coastal coastal regions.regions.




Pollutant Pollutant :: Fertilizers and Fertilizers and pesticides used in pesticides used in farming carried into the farming carried into the sea by rivers.sea by rivers.




PollutantPollutant :: Oil leakage from ships Oil leakage from ships and offshore oil mining.and offshore oil mining.




Pollutant Pollutant :: Fallout from Fallout from nuclear tests and dumping nuclear tests and dumping radioactive waste into radioactive waste into oceans.oceans.


Radioactive waste should be handled carefully, otherwise our

ocean will be seriously polluted.

Pollutants found in oceans include plastics, toxic chemicals such as DDT and PCBs, and heavy metals such as lead, mercury and zinc.

Pollutants found in oceans include plastics, toxic chemicals such as DDT and PCBs, and heavy metals such as lead, mercury and zinc.



Toxic chemicals

These pollutants enter the food chain and stay inside the body

of fish and marine animals.

These pollutants enter the food chain and stay inside the body

of fish and marine animals.

They affect the reproductive ability of fish, marine animals and birds.

They affect the reproductive ability of fish, marine animals and birds.





Oil as a pollutant

Oil is leaked out from ships in accidents or from oil wells. The damage done by oil spills is enormous. The ecosystems of marine plants and animals are ruined.




On 24th March 1989, the oil super-tanker Exxon Valdez ran aground in Prince William Sound, Alaska. 250 000 barrels of oil poured into the sea.InternetInternet

http://web.usna.navy.mil/~jwaters/en411/students1999/valdez/



More than 770 km More than 770 km of the coast of of the coast of Saudi Arabia was Saudi Arabia was coated with a thick coated with a thick dark layer of oil.dark layer of oil.

A large amount A large amount of oil was of oil was released into the released into the Persian Gulf Persian Gulf during the Gulf during the Gulf War in 1991.War in 1991.

A large amount A large amount of oil was of oil was released into the released into the Persian Gulf Persian Gulf during the Gulf during the Gulf War in 1991.War in 1991.




Nuclear waste

The United States and France have repeatedly carried out nuclear tests in the South Pacific.

These tests destroy the delicate coral islands and the fallouts pollute the seas around them.

Oceans are used as a burial ground for radioactive waste.




Dredging of the seabed

The dredging of the seabed and the dumping of materials muddy the sea water.

The fish and animal population falls as food becomes less and their breeding grounds destroyed.


How can we save our oceans?How can we save our oceans?

Very poor coastal water

quality

Very bad smell

Each day Hong Kong discharge over 1.5 million cubic metres of untreated sewage into Victoria Har

bour.

Each day Hong Kong discharge over 1.5 million cubic metres of untreated sewage into Victoria Har

bour.

Blackish coloured

water

Bacterial contamination is extremely high


How can we save our oceans?How can we save our oceans?Treatment of sewage

In 1989, the Environmental Protection Department completed the Sewage Strategy Study which developed an overall strategy for the management of sewage.

A major part of the strategy was the Strategic Sewage Disposal Scheme which would collect sewage in the harbour areas through deep tunnels and transport it to a treatment plant at Stonecutters Island.

The sewage would be treated, by adding chemicals followed by sedimentation, then discharged in the deep ocean water south of Lamma Island.

The Environment Hong Kong 1997


The Strategic Sewage Disposal SchemeThe Strategic Sewage Disposal Scheme

km

Lamma Island PSTreatment Plant

Chai Wan SP

PS

Aberdeen SPSandy Bay SP

Shau Kei Wan SPWanchai East SP

North Point SP

Treatment PlantCentral SP

Kwai Chung SP

Tsing Yi Island SP

Stonecutters treatment plant

To Kwa Wan SP

Kwun Tong SP + PS

Tseung Kwan O SP

Effluent Discharge

Tunnel

Pumping Station

Ap Lei Chau SP

SP Screening Plant

N

The Strategic Sewage Disposal Scheme ensures that all

sewage will be treated

before being

discharged into deep

ocean to the south of Lamma

Island in future.


How can we save our oceans?How can we save our oceans? Ban nuclear tests and dumping of waste

Nations should agree to stop the dumping of toxic waste into oceans.

Nations should agree to stop the dumping of toxic waste into oceans.

Industrial waste and sewage should be properly treated before being discharged into the sea.

Industrial waste and sewage should be properly treated before being discharged into the sea.

International co-operation is needed for the successful protection of the marine

environment.

United Nations offices in Vienna, Austria


How can we save our oceans?How can we save our oceans?Ban nuclear tests and dumping of wasteNuclear tests should be banned to stop nuclear

fallout from polluting our oceans.

++


How can we save our oceans?How can we save our oceans?Better management of ocean f

isheries

There is a need for all fishing nations to agree on fish catch quotas. Depleted species must be allowed the time and space to breed and grow again.

Minimum net mesh sizes should be set to allow smaller, younger fish to live and grow.

Humpback whaleHumpback whale

Salmon Salmon



Whale meatWhale meatThe International The International

Whaling CommissionWhaling Commission

Internet Internet


The International Whaling Commission has established whale sanctuaries in the Indian Ocean, the Atlantic west to South Africa, the Southern Ocean near Antarctica and in the South Pacific.

The International Whaling Commission has established whale sanctuaries in the Indian Ocean, the Atlantic west to South Africa, the Southern Ocean near Antarctica and in the South Pacific.

Sanctuaries for endangered species

http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/iwcoffice/iwc.htm

Since 1999 the Chinese Government has banned fishing by trawlers in the South China Sea in June and July each year.

The purpose of the ban is to allow fish to regenerate and to stop further depletion.

Since 1999 the Chinese Government has banned fishing by trawlers in the South China Sea in June and July each year.

The purpose of the ban is to allow fish to regenerate and to stop further depletion.


How can we save our oceans?How can we save our oceans?Sanctuaries for endangered species


Environmental awareness

As individuals we must develop a responsible attitude towards the marine environment.

The best way to do this is by joining local green groups.

InternetInternetInternetInternet

Internet Internet Internet Internet


The Hong Kong Marine The Hong Kong Marine Conservation SocietyConservation Society



http://www.greenpower.org.hk/

http://home.netvigator.com/~cahk/

http://www.panda.org/

http://www.hkmcs.org/frame1.htm

Terms to Learn

Fish shoalsFish shoals ( 魚群魚群 ) -- large groups of fish swimming together.

SewageSewage ( 污水污水 ) -- liquid waste materials that flow in pipes to the sea or to a treatment plant.

PollutantsPollutants ( 污染物污染物 ) -- substances harmful to humans or the environment.

DDTDDT -- a toxic chemical. Its full name is Dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane.

PCBs PCBs -- a toxic chemical. Its full name is Polychlorinated biphenyls.


unit 6 save the oceans unit 6 save the oceans what are the problems that our oceans face? ...

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