Chief Joseph, Sitting Bull, Geronimo, Red Cloud

Unit 6: America Transformed Pages 554-561 and 568-571Chapter 19: Growth in the WestSection 1: Miners, Ranchers, and Cowhands Section 3: Life in the West

Before Reading:

(1) Page 554/555: Someone living on the Great Plains in the late 1800’s may have lived in a __________ house, with a _________ roof.(2) Before I even start reading any of this section, one thing that I know is absolutely true about cowboys is: ___________________________________________________________________________________________

Geography and the Population of the West – Page 557

In the mid 1800’s, the (3) ________________ was the unsettled area of the country that was largely occupied by Native Americans. A lot of people had settled west of the Rockies (California and Oregon), but not many on the Great Plains. >(4) About 300,000 Native Americans lived …>(5) Railroads also played a key role by…

Mining in the West – Page 558

By 1859, gold was also discovered in Colorado and Nevada – at the (6) ___________________________________ and many miners raced west to get rich. These mining towns became known as (7) b__________________. Other major gold strikes were in South Dakota and Colorado. Gold fever even attracted people from other parts of the world, but few became rich. During this gold rush, large mining companies used machines to blast away hillsides and expose gold deposits, but this process (8) _____________________the land and left rivers polluted. >(9) Miners were now paid, but the work … >(10) By the 1890’s …

The Rise of the Cattle Industry – Page 559

The cattle trade had existed in the west since the 1500’s, but herds were small because there was no way to get the beef to markets in the east. The extension of (11) _______________________________ lines brought changes and now cattle could easily be shipped “back east.” >(12) Cattle ranching turned into …Young cattle would feed on the range for a year or two and eventually be sold for as much as (13)_______ times their original price. These cattle would be “driven” to cow towns and put on trains. This cattle trip to the railway lines were called the (14)_____________________________________. One of the first, the most traveled and the most famous was called the (15) ____________________________________________

Vaqueros and Cowhands – Page 560

The first cowhands came from (16)___________________ in the 1500’s. They taught the American cowhands to rope and ride. >(17) Cowhands were either. …

The “Wild West” – Page 560

At first, there were no local governments or law officers in the West. Sometimes there would be fights (and drinking and gambling) and some people would try and get rich by (18)_______________ others. Some ex-soldiers were led to crime by hard feelings left over from the Civil War. Even some women became outlaws. >(19) For protection, citizens formed groups who …

End of the Long Drives – Page 561

The age of cowboys only lasted about (20)__________ years. For one thing, the price of beef dropped sharply. Also came along a new invention – (21) _________________________. People could now fence in their land and cowboys could no longer pass freely through the trails. And, in a terrible winter (1886), thousands of cattle (22) ________________________ to death and many ranchers were put out of business. >(23) As mining and cattle industries developed …

Women in the West – Page 568

Women were not often given recognition for their efforts in the West. Many women lived with the harshness and (24)_________________ of pioneer life (many rarely even saw their neighbors). Some of these farms were called (25) ________________________. This Western life had many challenges, but also provided some opportunities for women. Four of the jobs some of these women might have had were as:>(26) Western women were given …

>(27) Wyoming led the nation in giving women ..

(32) A homestead is: __________________________________________________________________________________________________

The Rise of Western Cities – Page 569

Cities seemed to grow overnight due to gold and silver strikes. Some towns also grew because they were places to buy (33)__________________. The (34)____________________ also brought rapid growth to other towns in the West. >(35) Railroads meant Mexicanos lost…

Mexicanos in the Southwest – Page 570

After the Mexican American war a lot more white settlers moved to the southwest. They were attracted by opportunities in ranching, farming, and mining as the (36)_________________ connected the country. The American Settlers and the Mexicanos often claimed the same (37)___________ and that would often cause problems between the two.

38 and 39. Answer this question.Would you rather face some challenges in your life and possibly have some great experiences or

just live a nice safe, steady, and secure life? Why?

The Myth of the Old West – Page 570

To most Americans, the west had become a “larger than life” place where brave men and women tested each other. Easterners bought (40) _______________________________ with tales of daring adventures. Sometimes these were about real heroes, but the plots were often (41)______________________________ stories. There were other works of fiction and often the whites were shown as heroes and the Native Americans appeared as villains. African Americans were not usually mentioned. >(42) William “Buffalo Bill” Cody …

28.

29.

30.

31.

The Real West – Page 571

The myth of the old west overlooked the contributions of many peoples. (43)____________________________ and (44)__________________________ played a role in cattle ranching too. And, the railroads would not have been built without the labor of (45)_________________ immigrants. Western legends often highlighted attacks by Native Americans, but these were often one sided views of disagreements and broken treaties. >(46) The government also played a role in western settlement by …

47 and 48. Answer this question:Would you have rather lived in the “real west” or the “mythical west”? Why?

49. When I look back at what I wrote in number 2, my prediction was: right / partly right / wrong (circle one)

50/51. Discuss with a partner: If someone’s going to someday tell the story of your life, do you want them to tell the exact truth, or do you want them to exaggerate and make you look even better than you are? Why?

Unit 6: America Transformed Pages 562-567Chapter 19: Growth in the WestSection 2: Native Americans Fight to Survive

Before Reading: (1) Main Idea on 562: Native Americans of the Great Plains __________________ to maintain their way of life as settlers poured onto their lands. (2) Why it matters now on 562: The taking of their lands led to __________________ and ___________________ problems for Native Americans that continue to this day.(3) One thing I know about today’s Native American’s is: _____________________________________________

Native American Life on the Plains – Page 562

Before the arrival of Europeans, most Plains tribes lived in villages along rivers and streams. Women tended crops and the men hunted deer, elk, and (4) _____________________. In the 1540’s, the Spanish brought horses and that changed the life of the Plains people. They became expert riders, and could now travel far from their villages to look for (5)______________________. >(6) Buffalo meat became …

A Clash of Cultures – Page 563 And… Native American Resistance

The first place the federal government forced Native American tribes to was (7)_____________ of the Mississippi River. This was supposed to remain theirs (8) “____________________________________________________ ______________________________.” But, these promises would be broken. Pioneers soon moved onto the prairies and pressured the federal government for more (9)________________. The government even tried to (10)_________ back some Native American land. Some Cheyenne and Sioux (11)__________________ and attacked settlers, soldiers, and miners. >(12) In a battle known as the (13) ___________________________________________ …

There ended up being other Native American attacks and the government was forced to look for a way to end the fighting. In one treaty, a large (14) ________________________________ was given to the Native Americans in the (15) _______________________________________________________

(16) A reservation is: ________________________________________________________________________

Battle of Little Bighorn – Page 564

In 1874 though, gold was discovered in the Black Hills and thousands of white miners rushed onto Sioux land. Tribe leaders wouldn’t sell the land back and they got two Sioux chiefs - (17)_____________________ and (`8)_____________________________ to try and push back the intruders. The U.S. Cavalry (led by Lieutenant Colonel George A. (19)________________) was sent to return the Sioux to their reservation. At the (20) ___________________________________________________________ Custer’s (21)________ men could not fight off thousands of Sioux and Cheyenne and Custer and his men were all killed, >(22) After this crushing news the government…

Resistance in the Northwest and Southwest – Page 565

The Nez Perce were a peaceful tribe that lived on land given to them. Eventually the government asked them to move and a group led by (25) ________________________________ refused. Chief Joseph and his followers tried to “escape” to Canada, but were caught 4 months later. When he surrendered he said: (24)”__________________ __________________________________________________.” In the Southwest, Navajos and Apaches fought against being moved onto (25) _______________________ >(26) To get them to move, the government…

A Way of Life Ends – Page 566

>(27) The buffalo that Native Americans depended on were …

By the 1880’s, most Plains tribes had been forced onto (28)_________________________________. There was one more movement to try and get whites to give up the lands by doing the “Ghost Dance.” But the army was afraid they were getting ready for war and sent soldiers to round up the Ghost Dancers. As the Natives were rounded up someone fired a shot. The troopers responded to the gunfire and killed about 300 men, (29)________________ and ______________. This was called the (30) __________________________________ and it ended any armed resistance by Native Americans in the West.

The Dawes Act Fails – Page 567

Some white Americans had been calling for better treatment of Native Americans. Well meaning reformers thought the only way for Native Americans to survive was by trying to make them more (31)______________________. The (32)______________________ encouraged Native Americans to give up their traditional ways and become (33)______________________. The government did all it could to try and teach Native Americans to become more white. In the end, the Dawes Act did very little to benefit Native Americans. They did not want to be farmers. Many ended up selling their land for a (34)____________ of it’s value to white land promoters or settlers.

>(35) The situation of Native Americans at the end of the 1800’s was tragic because …

36/37 and 38/39. Answer both these questions:Getting horses and losing the buffalo changed

the way of life for Native Americans. What might be one thing you’ll get, and

one thing you might lose the use of, that could change your life forever?

Who had it worse in the 1800’s : slaves, ex-slaves and sharecroppers, or Native Americans? Why?

40/41. One of our 6 essential questions this year is: Is the American Dream available to everyone? Discuss with a partner: If you’re a white settler in the west at this time, what do you do about Native Americans? Who’s “American Dream” should be more important? Do you have a good solution?

Unit 6: America Transformed Pages 574-579Chapter 19: Growth in the WestSection 4: Farming and Populism

Before Reading:

(1) Main idea on page 574: A wave of farmers moved to the Plains in the 1800’s and faced many _______________________ problems.(2) Why it matters now on page 574: Farmers are facing __________________ problems today.(3) The vocabulary word I probably already know best in this section is: _____________________________

U.S. Government Encourages Settlement – Page 574

For years, people had been wanting the federal government to sell Western lands at (4)________________ prices. Before the Civil War, Southern states didn’t want this because they thought it would add more non-slave states. The government passed the (5) ____________________________________ Act in 1862 which offered 160 acres of (6)_____________ land to anyone would live on and improve the land for 5 years. After Reconstruction, thousands of African American migrants moved to Kansas, Missouri, Indiana, and (7)___________________. >(8) Thousands of European immigrants …

>(9) From 1850-1870, the government gave…

Life on the Farming Frontier – Page 575

Once pioneers reached their new plains homes, they faced many challenges never mentioned by the land agents. The plains had no trees and farmers were forced to build their homes from blocks of sod. For fuel, the (10) _____________________ were forced to burn corn cobs or (11)_______________________. In many places they had to dig very deep to find (12)______________. Blizzards, prairie fires, hailstorms, tornadoes, grasshoppers, and drought added to the misery of life on the Plains. >(13) New inventions helped farmers …

>(14) Three of these inventions were …

The Problems of Farmers – Page 576

As farmers became more efficient, they grew more and more food, but that also helped make the prices for farm crops drop lower and lower. One reason for lower prices was (15)_____________________________ - they were growing a lot more food. At the same time farmers had to spend more money to run a farm. New machinery and railroad rates were costly. Railroads charged the farmers (16)__________ fees to carry their crops. Railroads also usually owned the grain elevators where crops were stored and farmers had to pay the high storage costs. Farmers were (17)_________________ and began to look for solutions. In 1867 they formed the (18) __________ - a group designed to meet the needs of farmers. Later on, they formed (19) _______________________________________, which allowed them to keep more of their profits. >(20) Farmers began to demand action by …

(21) Cooperatives are: _______________________________________________________________

Supply and Demand – Page 576 (bottom ½ of the page)

Farmers in the west were having economic problems in the 1880’s. They were experiencing the (22) ________________________________________________________________. Things available for sale are the (23)____________________. What consumers want and are willing to pay are called the (24)____________________. The price of goods is set by the supply and demand for those goods.

Businesses Consumers

At low prices, business make (25)_________ of a product (they want to make products that make them a lot of money).As the price rises, they make (26)__________ of that product.

Buy (27)___________ of a product when the prices are higher.

The actual price ends up being a (28)______________________________ between businesses and consumers – between how much consumers are willing to (29)____________ and how much businesses are willing to (30)________________

The Closing of the Frontier – Page 578

By the late 1880’s, fenced-in fields had replaced open plains. The last remaining land was (31)________________ Territory. But, on April 22nd, 1889 thousands of white settlers rushed to claim land that had once belonged to (32)__________________________________________. This territory then officially became known as the (33)________________________ Territory. By 1890, there were so many people in the west that the government declared the country no longer had a (34)_____________. >(41) To many people, the frontier is what made America unique because…

>(35) Today many historians (36) _________________ with Turner because …

37 and 38. Answer 1 of these 2 questions:

Americans in the west used to be able to“succeed as far as their abilities allowed.”

Is this still true for people today? Why or why not?

The frontier symbolized a chance a new start or a new life for many people moving west.

What might be your “frontier” that you may have to one day face and conquer?

39/40. One of our 6 essential questions this year is: How is American life influenced by economic forces? Discuss with a partner: Give me an example of where you’ve had to deal with supply and demand - when you had to deal with figuring out whether the price for something was worth it – especially if their weren’t many of the product.

Unit 6: America Transformed Pages 582-593

Chapter 20: An Industrial SocietySection 1: The Growth of IndustrySection 2: Railroads Transform the Nation

Before Reading:

(1) The picture on page 585 is of the world’s first ___________________________(2) On the top of 588/589: This time period in American History also had a lot of famous ____________________(3) Main idea on 590: _____________________ greatly changed life in the U.S. in the late 1800s.(4) I think it might be important to know about past inventions and inventors because…______________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

One American’s Story – Page 585

In the 1850’s most people lit their homes with oil lamps, but in 1855 a chemist reported about a cheaper oily liquid called (5)____________________________. People didn’t know how to obtain petroleum from underground and just gathered it up if it seeped to the surface. In 1859 Edwin Drake began to (6)________________ for oil and when he struck oil the event launched the oil industry.

The Industrial Revolution Continues – Page 585

By the 1800’s, factory production had expanded in the United States. This was due to:

Reason for Growth Explanation of why

Plentiful Natural (7)__________________ (8)

Growing (9)__________________ (10)

Improved (11)__________________ (12)

High (13)__________________ (14)

New (15)__________________ Inventors applied for (16) ___________________ for machines or processes they invented

(17)__________________ Capital (18)

(19)__________________ Assistance (20)

(21) A patent is: ______________________________________________________________________

Steel: The Backbone of Industry – Page 587

The (22)______________________ industry contributed to America’s growth. Before the mid 1850’s making steel was very (23)___________________. In the 1850s a new and cheaper process for making steel was discovered. The nation’s steel output then increased (24)_____________ times. The main use for this steel in the late 1800’s was for the expanding (25)______________________

Edison and Electricity – Page 587

Bell and the Telephone – Page 588

Another industry that grew during the 1800’s was the electric-power industry and people grew eager to tap the power of electricity. The inventor who found the most ways to use electricity was (26) ______________________. His Menlo Park, New Jersey lab received more than (27)___________ patents. >(28) Edison’s most famous invention …

>(29) By 1882 …

In 1835 Samuel Morse invented the (30)_____________________ and messages could be sent quickly around the country. The next step was the (31)______________________, invented by Alexander Graham Bell. The first words ever spoken over his invention were made because he spilled (32)_______________ on himself and called his assistant for help. >(33) At America’s 100th birthday party his invention was called …

Inventions Change Industry – Page 588

Some other inventions that changed America in the late 1800’s were: (34)t_____________________, the (35)__________________ machine – made by Isaac Singer, other inventions to improve the telephone and telegraph industries, new inventions for packaging and shoemaking, and motors and engines. The one invention that had a larger impact on American life than any other was the (36)________________________________.

37 and 38. Answer this question:What would be your ideal invention that would “change the way of life in America.”

The (39 ) ________________________________________________________________ of 1862 - signed into law by, Abraham Lincoln, on July 1, 1862: Officially entitled "AN ACT to aid in the construction of a railroad and telegraph line from the Missouri river to the Pacific ocean, and to secure to the government the use of the same for postal, military, and other purposes,"

Deciding to Span the Continent – Page 590

Americans had talked about building a (40) ____________________________________________ for years. It would help settle the west and develop the economy. Two companies were chosen for the job. The Central Pacific would start in California and build east. The Union Pacific would start in Nebraska and build west. To help, the government gave these railroad companies (41)__________________of dollars and 20 square miles of public land for every mile of track they laid. The actually started laying track near the very end of the (42)________________.

Building the Railroad – Page 591

The Central Pacific was short on men because many were trying to become rich as miners. Since they were desperate for workers, they hired many (43)_________________ men. They were efficient, fearless, and hard working. They were such good workers, the company even went to China to get more workers.>(454 Three other groups of men who helped were …

Railroads Tie the Nation Together – Page 591

After working for 6 years, only one span of track separated the two lines at their meeting point. Hundreds gathered on May 10th, 1869 at (45) __________________________________________ to see the transcontinental railroad completed. A Chinese crew and an Irish crew laid the last rails. The last spike, a (46)__________________ one was laid in place. This was the first transcontinental railroad. >(47) By 1890/1895 … Continued…

Railroad Time – Page 592

The railroads changed America in a surprising way – they altered (48)______________. Before the railroads, each community determined its own time, based on the sun. But, this caused problems for trains traveling through several time zones. To solve the problem, the railroads set up (49) ________________________________. >(50) This was a system where …

Economic and Social Changes – Page 593

The railroads changed people’s lives in many important ways

They linked the economies of the (51)_________ and _______

They helped people (52)_____________________________________

They weakened the (53)____________________________________ hold on

the West

They gave people more control of the (54)____________________________________

55 and 56. Answer this question:

In the news lately, there’s been a lot of talk about repairing and improving our country’s

transportation system (like roads and bridges).

Is it a good use of tax money to spend a lot on the people, materials and time to do this? Why?

57/58. Do with a partner: Name two ways that railroads still have an impact on our country or the Barrington area today.

Unit 6: America Transformed Pages 594-603Chapter 20: An Industrial SocietySection 3: The Rise of Big BusinessSection 4: Workers Organize

Before Reading:

(1) Pages 598/599: A section of the country that saw a huge growth in industry in the late 1800’s: _____________(2) Main Idea / page 600: to increase their ability to bargain with management, workers formed labor _________.

The Growth of Corporations – Page 594

Until the late 1800’s, most businesses were owned by one person or by a few partners. Advances in technology made business owners want to buy new equipment. To raise money many turned their businesses into (3)_____________________________. They had some advantages over privately owned businesses.

A. Corporations can sell (4)_______________ to raise large amounts of money.B. Corporations exist after its owners die and banks usually will (5)___________ more money to corporations.C. Corporations limit the (6)____________ to their investors (who don’t have to pay off corporations debts).

Also, by the late 1800’s, few laws regulated corporations. This led to the growth of a few giant corporations that (7)_____________________________ American industry (like the oil and steel industries).

The Oil and Steel Industries – Page 595

Two men dominated oil and steel: John D. (8)____________________________________________ in oil, and Andrew (9)__________________________________ in steel. Rockefeller decided the best way to make a lot of money was to put his competitors out of business. By doing this he had a (10) _____________________________. He also set up a (11) _____________ to hold stock in several companies at the same time. By 1880 he controlled (12)___________ of all oil refining in the United States. He was able to set a high price for oil because the public couldn’t buy oil from anyone else and he earned millions of dollars. Businessmen in other industries began to follow Rockefeller’s example. Many people thought these monopolies were (13)________________ and hurt the economy. Andrew Carnegie tried to beat his competition by making the best and (14)_______________ product. To do so, he sought to control all the processes related to making steel. His company dominated the U.S. steel industry, until he sold it to (15) __________________________ - the nation’s richest banker.

>(16) Rockefeller and Carnegie were also multimillionaire (17) _______________________ who gave …

(18) A monopoly: ___________________________________________________________________(19) A trust: _______________________________________________________________________(20) A philanthropist: ________________________________________________________________

The Gilded Age – Page 596

This “rags to riches” time in history is often called the (21) ______________ age. Guild means to cover something with a gold coating. Even though things looked like they were going great on the surface in America in the late 1800’s, underneath there were many problems including (22)____________________ politics and widespread (23)_______________________.

24 and 25. Answer 1 of these 2 questions:If you’re John Rockefeller or Andrew Carnegie

and you were a multi-millionaire, how much of a philanthropist would you be?

(what percent would you donate to help others?)

The Gilded Age was when everything looked great on the outside, but was all messed up underneath.

Compare that to something (or someone) today.

Workers Face Hardships – Page 600

Business owners of the late 1800’s wanted to keep their profits high, so they ran their factories as cheaply as possible. Some required workers to buy their own (26)______________ or bring coal to heat the factories. Others refused to buy (27)_________________ equipment. Thousands of workers were killed or injured every year. There were also owners who set up what were called (28) _____________________ where workers worked long hours for low pay. >(29) Factory and sweatshop workers …

Workers joined together to try and improve their lives. They formed (30) _________________________________ to try and get better wages and living conditions.

(31) Sweatshops are: __________________________________________________________________

Union Setbacks – Page 602

The growth of labor unions (32)________________ many business leaders and they tried to break the union’s power. In Chicago in 1886, the McCormack Harvester Company locked out striking union members and hired (33)_____________________________ to replace them. On May 3rd , union members, strikebreakers, and police fought and one union member was killed. The next day a protest meeting was held at Haymarket Square. As police moved in to end the meeting, an unknown person threw a (34)______________. It killed 7 police and wounded about 60. The police opened (35)___________ on the crowd, killing several people and wounding about a hundred. This conflict was called the (36) _______________________________________ Affair. >(37) Afterward, the Chicago police …

The Homestead and Pullman Strikes – Page 602

Labor conflicts grew more bitter. In 1892, Andrew Carnegie reduced his wages in his steel mills which caused union problems. Eventually there was a battle that left 10 people (38)________. Workers lost another dispute in 1894. That year many railroad companies went bankrupt. To stay in business, The Pullman Train Company cut workers wages by (39)_________ percent – even though they didn’t cut the amount of rent it charged workers to live in company housing. The workers began the (40) _________________________________, which halted most rail traffic in the whole country. The president had to call out troops to end the strike.

Gompers founds the AFL – Page 603

Not all companies treated workers poorly. For instance, Procter and Gamble began to give its employees an extra half day off each week, and also began giving benefits. However, workers at most companies received low wages and few (41)_________________. In spite of opposition to unions, the labor movement did not die >(42) In 1886 labor leader Samuel Gompers …

>(43) The AFL focused on improving working conditions.

>(44) By using strikes, boycotts, and negotiations, the AFL won …

45 and 46. Answer 1 of these 2 questions:What would be 2 “working conditions” at the

high school that need to be improved for students?

Ask your parents or an adult: Should you be “pro-union” or “anti-union”? Why?

A “scab”: a strikebreaker – or someone who crossed a strikers picket-line to go to work

47/48. Do with a partner: There’s a chance that someday you’ll have a job where you may be part of a union. If you work for a big company (or anyone), what would be 2 specific issues that would cause you to want to go strike. Remember, going on strike means no pay while you’re not working, strikes can be verbally, physically, and emotionally tough, and there may be risks of losing your job.

Unit 6: America Transformed Pages 606-617Chapter 21: Changes in American LifeSection 1: Cities Grow and ChangeSection 2: The New Immigrants

Before Reading:

1. Why it matters now on 609: Modern __________________________________ emerged (began) at this time.2. Main Idea – 614: Millions of _____________________________________ came from Europe at this time. 3. In the picture on 606, is this some special day, or just a regular day? ______________________________

Industrialization Expands Cities – Page 609

The industrial revolution, which had changed how people worked, also changed where people worked. In the late 1800’s more people moved to the (4)_____________________ to find jobs. The growth of cities that resulted from this is called (5) _______________________________. >(6) Many of the people who moved to these cities …

Technology Changes City Life – Page 610The Streetcar City – Page 610

New technologies helped cities grow. New technologies made it possible to build up. The (7)_________________ was a key invention for making these tall buildings and now people would not have to walk to upper stories. >(8) The use of steel helped increase …

Electricity also changed the way people traveled around in cities. By 1900, (9)_____________________ were carrying billions of passengers a year. Streetcars could quickly carry people to work and play all over the city. Some cities (like Chicago) moved their streetcars above the cities (the elevated – the “el”) and some like New York City placed them underground, in (10)____________________.

A cartel is a formal agreement among competing firms. It is a formal organization of producers that agree to coordinate prices, marketing and production. Cartels usually occur where there is a small number of sellers and usually involve similar products. Cartel members may agree on such matters as price fixing, total industry output, market shares, allocation of customers, allocation of territories, bid rigging, establishment of common sales agencies, and the division of profits or combination of these. The aim of such collusion (also called the cartel agreement) is to increase individual members' profits by reducing competition.

People like Carnegie and Rockefeller are often called “Captains of Industry” or “Robber Barons. This is a term in the 19th century United States for businessmen and bankers who dominated respective industries and amassed huge personal fortunes, typically by anti-competitive or unfair business practices and exploitation of workers

>(11) Streetcars in cities meant …

Urban Disasters and Slums – Page 611

The concentration of people in cities increased the danger of disasters because people were close together. For example, in 1906, an (12)____________________ rocked San Francisco, killing 700 people and destroying the city. (13)___________________ and __________________ also threatened people’s lives. Families who could not afford to buy a house usually lived in rented apartments or (14) _______________________. >(15) These were usually dangerous because …

A neighborhood with such overcrowded, dangerous housing was called a (16) ______________. Every city had slums.

(17) A tenement is: ____________________________________________________________________(18) A slum is: ________________________________________________________________... or a Ghetto?

Reformers attack Urban Problems – Page 612 and…. Jane Adams (under her picture on 613)

Many Americans were (19)_________________ by poverty and slums. Reformers tried to make some changes, such as abolishing child labor. Some reformers also opened up settlement houses to help needy people in slum neighborhoods. In one of these, (20) __________________________________ founded Chicago’s “Hull House” (it’s still around today). Jane Adams was active in many areas. She fought for the passage of laws to protect immigrant workers and outlaw child labor. She also worked to improve housing and public (21)_______________. >(22) In 1931…

The New Immigrants – Page 614

After 1900, more immigrants came from Southern and Eastern Europe. Many of these “new immigrants” came from Southern (23)_______________. There were many (24)_____________ from Eastern Europe. Slavic people, such as (25)___________________ and ____________ also immigrated. The first stop for most immigrants from Europe was (26) __________________________________, where they were processed before they could enter the

United States. If they didn’t pass a physical exam, and answer some basic questions, they were sent back home. On the west coast, Asians often passed through (27) ____________________________________, in San Francisco. Most Chinese immigrants were held there for several (28)_________________. >(29) Many Mexican immigrants …

Settling in America – Page 615

Americans settled where they could find jobs. Many found work in American (360_________________________ where they contributed to the growth of big cities. About half the immigrants settled in four industrial states: Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, and (31)___________________. >(32) Once they moved to the cities …

These neighborhoods are still common in American cities.

Immigrants Take Tough Jobs – Page 616

Immigrants took whatever jobs they could get. Many worked for low wages, long hours, and (33)______________ conditions. European immigrants settled mostly in the East and (34)_____________________. Asian immigrants settled mostly in the (35)____________. Immigrants from Mexico came to the (36)_________________________.

Becoming Americans – Page 616

Some Americans have described the United States as a (37) ___________________________. These new Americans blended into American society. This process of blending in is called (38) _________________. Most immigrants were eager to assimilate. At the same time that immigrants were learning about America, they were also (39)___________________ America. Many workers began to assimilate at work by taking classes in citizenship and English. Despite their efforts, immigrants faced (40)____________________ from native-born Americans. Many Protestants feared the arrival of Catholics and Jews. Some of this prejudice led native-born Americans to push for (41)_________________________ on the number of new immigrants coming to America.

(42) A melting pot is: __________________________________________________________________(43) Assimilate means: _________________________________________________________________

Restrictions on Immigration – Page 617

There were some people who didn’t want new immigrants in America and they were called (44) _______________. Many native born Americans feared they would have to compete with immigrants for (45)________________. Immigrants were desperate for work and would often take work for lower wages and worse conditions than other Americans. This led to an opposition to immigration. (46)___________ were placed on some new immigrants. Some specific groups were even banned. Some of the worst prejudice was faced by the (47)__________________. In 1882, Congress even passed the Chinese Exclusion Act, which banned Chinese immigration for 10 years.

48 and 49. Answer 1 of these 2 questions.

The biggest immigrant group in the USA right now

are Hispanics. Will that

In your opinion, should immigrants try to assimilate into American culture? If

continue? For how long? Who will be the next large

immigrant group? Will they have a reason?

yes, how? If not, why shouldn’t they?

50/51. Do with a partner: What would be one good reasons to exclude an immigrant from coming into the country - even today?

Unit 6: America Transformed Pages 620-629Chapter 21: Changes in American LifeSection 3: Segregation and DiscriminationSection 4: Society and Mass Culture

Before Reading:

(1) Main idea – page 620: Racial _____________________ ran through America at this time.(2) Pictures on 628: Three things people may have done for entertainment at this time were: amusement parks, go to a ______________________, or watch sports like football.(3-6) Before you start, circle the one word in each title that you think is most important.

Racism Causes Discrimination – Page 620

Racist attitudes had been developing in America since the introduction of (7)______________________. Many people felt whites were superior to blacks. Most whites held similar attitudes towards (8)________________, _____________________________ and ________________________. Even scientists of the day believed this. The most obvious example of racial discrimination was in the South.

Segregation Expands in the South – Page 621

One way for whites to weaken African American political power was to weaken their (9)______________ rights. Laws were passed that set up reading tests or to poll taxes to prevent African Americans from voting. They even sometimes gave these tests in (10)__________________. These laws also prevented poor (11)_______________ from voting. I addition to voting restrictions, African Americans faced (12) ___________________________ laws. These laws would try and keep whites and blacks separated in public places. As a result, separate (13)________________________, trolley seats, and (14)_________________ were common throughout the South.

(15) A Jim Crow law: __________________________________________________________________

African Americans Organize – Page 622

(16) _________________________________was an early leader in the effort to achieve equality. He was born a slave, but after the Civil War he became a (17)___________________________________. He founded the (18)_________________________________Institute in Alabama to help African Americans learn trades and gain economic strength. But, he did not openly challenge discrimination. One man who disagreed with Washington was (19) ________________________________. He encouraged African Americans to reject discrimination. He and others also formed the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (the (20) ________________), which is still an active organization today.

Violence in the South – Page 622Racism in the West – Page 623

Besides discrimination, African Americans also faced prejudice from groups such as the KKK (who lynched more than 25,000 African Americans in 15 years). (21) ________________________ was a woman who led the fight against lynching. She eventually had to move north to escape.

>(22) Many blacks moved …

>(23) The Chinese faced …

>(24) Even Mexicans …

Education and Publishing Grow – Page 626

Immigration caused enormous growth in American (25)___________________. To teach citizenship and English to immigrants, laws required children to attend school, and the number of children attending school (26)____________________. Even the number of public high schools increased. Reading became a lot more popular. A lot of people would read (27)____________ novels, with exciting tales of romance and adventure. Americans also read more (28)_____________________ and people like Joseph (29)_______________ and (30) __________________________________ put out the first modern newspapers.

Modern Advertising and New Products – Page 627

Having newspaper also brought about the rise of modern (31)_______________________. They’d even use pictures of celebrities to try and turn brand names into household words. >(32) Advertisements helped …

>(33) One of the first department stores …

>(34) People who didn’t live near these stores …

Urban Parks and World’s Fairs – Page 627

(35)______________________________, or free time also changed at this time. In cities, new parks provided people with entertainment. People who worked in factories and offices liked getting sunshine and fresh air. >(36) Central Park, in New York City …

Another wildly popular form of entertainment for Americans were (37)__________________. Several cities had world’s fairs, and were largely designed to show off American technology.

Spectator Sports – Page 628Going to the Show – Page 629

During this time, spectator sports also became popular. (38)___________________ was the most popular sport, even though racial discrimination kept African Americans from playing. They then formed their own teams in the (39)_______________ Leagues. Other forms of entertainment attracted large audiences. One of these was (40)______________________, with a mixture or song, dance, and comedy. New types of music began to be heard, such as “Ragtime.” The first movies were (41)_______________ and were added as the final feature of a vaudeville act. Later they were shown on their own and were called (42)_________________ because they cost a nickel to watch.

43 and 44. Answer 1 of these 2 questions:What is 1 way your rights may have been restricted at some time – either at BHS or

somewhere else?

In the 1800’s, schools were opened and laws were passed to help teach citizenship and English to immigrants.

What’s the purpose for you being in school now?

45/46. Do with a partner: What would be your one best solution to begin to end discrimination in our country – either in 1900 or today?