Unit Unit 66

RacRacisism, discriminationm, discrimination& policy & policy responseresponse

Laura LaubeovaLaura Laubeovalaubeovalaubeova@@fsvfsv..cunicuni..czcz

http://minorities.fsv.cuni.cz/http://minorities.fsv.cuni.cz/

Unit StructureUnit Structure

• HWsHWs: :

Furnivall, Nacirema, Furnivall, Nacirema,

Vocabulary of DiscriminationVocabulary of Discrimination

• Racism, discriminationRacism, discrimination

• Inclusion, rights, equityInclusion, rights, equity

• Presentation on Presentation on BenhabibBenhabib by by Marek,Marek,

on Parekh by Marieon Parekh by Marie

QUIZQUIZ

Just one question to torture Just one question to torture your memory…your memory…

Referring to the reader Referring to the reader what is the difference what is the difference

between multicultural and between multicultural and plural societies?plural societies?

Furnivall in all three textsFurnivall in all three texts

Racism Racism & isms& isms……… ……… sexism, disableism, ageism, homophsexism, disableism, ageism, homophoobiabia

Neil ThompsonNeil Thompson

RacismRacism can be defined as can be defined as • an an attitude attitude (ideology)(ideology) or action or action (behaviour(behaviour) that ) that

disadvantages individuals or groups disadvantages individuals or groups • on the basis of their on the basis of their “racial” inferiority“racial” inferiority*,*, mainly by mainly by

means of means of • limiting their access to scarce resourceslimiting their access to scarce resources..

*Ra*Racial difference or racial inferiority is often perceived or cial difference or racial inferiority is often perceived or constructed in terms of different culture, ethnicity, religion, constructed in terms of different culture, ethnicity, religion, language, etc.language, etc.

DiscriminationDiscrimination//iismssms::Personal – Cultural - Personal – Cultural -

StructuralStructuralNeilNeil Thompson Thompson

P

C

S

Explanations of racism:Explanations of racism:1. Psychological1. Psychological ”Some people are like ”Some people are like

that”that”

22. . Lack of knowledge, ignoranceLack of knowledge, ignorance „„To know is to loveTo know is to love““

3.3. Intergroup relationsIntergroup relations ”Birds of a feather” ”Birds of a feather”

44.. Individuals are racists because the Individuals are racists because the structures, practices, and values of our structures, practices, and values of our society are racistsociety are racist. . ”Its the system””Its the system”

Racisms – cont.Racisms – cont.

• from violent attacks or scapegoating from violent attacks or scapegoating • ttoo paternalistic crypto-racistpaternalistic crypto-racist assistanceassistance to m. to m.• tendency to deny racism tendency to deny racism ((unacceptableunacceptable))

two main two main meanings:meanings: 1) 1) ideology ideology ((beliefsbeliefs)) about racial superiority about racial superiority2) 2) “the whole complex of factors which produce “the whole complex of factors which produce

racial discrimination” and sometimes also racial discrimination” and sometimes also “those which produce racial disadvantage”“those which produce racial disadvantage”

CashmoreCashmore

Racism as ideologyRacism as ideology

1. 1. the so called “the so called “scientific racismscientific racism of the 19th century”, of the 19th century”, manifested for example in the publication by manifested for example in the publication by Herrnstein, Murray, 1995Herrnstein, Murray, 1995

2. 2. “popular” racism or ““popular” racism or “common sense” racismcommon sense” racism that is that is based on ethnocentrism, a tendency to believe based on ethnocentrism, a tendency to believe that one´s own cultural paradigm is universal, that one´s own cultural paradigm is universal, neutral and superior to any other cultureneutral and superior to any other culture

In other words…In other words…

RacismRacism

1.1. ddenies all difference in the name of enies all difference in the name of universalityuniversality of the human nature, but of the human nature, but unconsciously it takes back this universality to unconsciously it takes back this universality to the dominant model;the dominant model;

2. 2. uses the obvious differences to turn them into uses the obvious differences to turn them into instruments of domination, exploitation, instruments of domination, exploitation, condemnation, exclusion, or exterminationcondemnation, exclusion, or extermination..

Racisms- cont.Racisms- cont.

PrejudicePrejudice DiscriminationDiscrimination InequalityInequality

„„RRacism, in short,acism, in short, involves involves (a)(a)stereotypes about difference and inferiority stereotypes about difference and inferiority (b)(b)use of power to exclude, discriminate, subjugateuse of power to exclude, discriminate, subjugate““

The Parekh Report, 2000The Parekh Report, 2000

AttitudesAttitudesBehaviourBehaviourStructuresStructures

Racisms – cont.Racisms – cont.

          

      

ExclusionExclusionDiscriminationDiscrimination

PrejudicePrejudice

Assimilation and RacismAssimilation and Racism (Bauböck)

 

 assimilation is possible

yes no

assimilation is required

yes compulsory assimilation

racist double-bind

no pluralism segregation

 

assimilationist assimilationist policies policies

inclusivenessinclusiveness

Assimilationist modelAssimilationist model

DIFFERENCEDIFFERENCE DEFICITDEFICIT

ASSIMILATIONASSIMILATION

  

    COMPENSATORY PROGRAMMESCOMPENSATORY PROGRAMMES

Does the individual fitDoes the individual fit

into the System or ‘Institution’?into the System or ‘Institution’?  

  

ASSIMILATIONASSIMILATION

Curriculum (Multiculturalism) Curriculum (Multiculturalism) modelmodel

Cultural EffectsCultural Effects

  CULTURESCULTURES

LIFESTYLES LIFESTYLES ATTITUDESATTITUDES

PLURALISTPLURALIST

TOLERANCE AND HARMONYTOLERANCE AND HARMONY  Does the organisation of this ‘institution’Does the organisation of this ‘institution’

recognise Diversity ?recognise Diversity ?      

PLURALISTPLURALIST

Equity/Rights ModelEquity/Rights Model

Social and Political EffectsSocial and Political Effects

  EQUITY EQUITY PARTICIPATIONPARTICIPATION

ANTIDISCRIMINATORYANTIDISCRIMINATORY

LIFE CHANCESLIFE CHANCES

Are people enabled in thisAre people enabled in this ‘institution’?‘institution’?

Do the structures allow forDo the structures allow for

achievement, growth and opportunities?achievement, growth and opportunities?

ANTIDISCRIMINATORYANTIDISCRIMINATORY