unit 5 nutritious food (1)
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Unive rs i d a d Na ci o n a l
de Lo j a
Instituto de Idiomas
andra nneth choa de aldonado.
L oj a - E cu a d o r
English Workshop II
The will leads you to the way
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UNIT 5: Nutrition and Health
Tips for eating healthy
Eating healthy food is one of the most important and transcendentalhabits of human being to prevent illness for instance lower the risk ofheart disease, certain cancers, type-2 diabetes, high blood pressure, andhigh cholesterol, besides that you will feel better, you will have moreenergy and stamina and of course you will look better. For all thosereasons its necessary you pay special attention to what you eat, andhow much you eat.Here is a sort of tips to help you to eat healthy.
First of all make your food count! Dont waste calories on foods thatprovideno nutritional value.
Start each day with a good breakfast. This will activate yourmetabolism for the day and give you the energy and stamina that
you will need to meet your daily responsibilities. Eat small meals, even if it means having more meals. When you eat
more than 400-500 calories at a time, your body is going to be storingsome of it as fat. Reasonable portion sizes are a must !
Chew your food well. This aids in digestion and absorption ofnutrients. In addition, it helps you feel more satisfied with less food.
Eat with intention! Dont do other things when you eat. Dont eat in thecar and dont eat in front of the television.Savoryour food. Put your fork downbetween bites. Relax!
Eat a balanced diet. Choose somethingfrom each food group at each meal. Thiswill ensure that you get all the vitaminsand minerals that you need.
Feel free to take a daily vitamin but if youeat healthy foods in healthy portions, youwill get what you need naturally.
Dont eat while stressed. If someone isdoing something that stresses you outwhile youre eating, stop eating and returnto it later. Eating while stressed can causeserious problems with digestion and lead to overeating.
Include 2 small, healthy snacks in your day. Have a small handful ofalmonds or a container of low-fat yogurt with 1/3 c. granola, or 2 T. ofpeanut butter on an apple. Make your snacks count. Theyre just asimportant as your meals.
Drink plenty of water.
To eat healthy, enjoy foods in their natural state, as much aspossible.
Foods that are processed tend to lose some of their nutrients.
Avoid foods high in sodium. Avoid fast food!Sure, most fast food restaurants today have
healthier choices but thats a relative term.
And finally, make it a habit to eat healthy on a regular basis. Saveyour favorite foods that arent necessarily healthy options for specialoccasions. Eating anything in moderation will help you keep yourweight down; but eating healthy foods on a regular basis willprovide you with lasting health benefits.
Source: www.easy-weightloss-tips.com .
Fruit bowl
Vocabulary
healthy: 1.strong and notlikely to become ill. 2good for your body or yourmind.
illness: a bad conditionthat affects your body ormind, or the state of havinga condition like this.
blood: the red liquid thatflows around your body.
stamina: physical ormental strength that letsyou continue doing
something for a long time.
waste: when somethingsuch as money, time, or askill is not used effectively
or sensibly.
metabolism:the chemicalprocesses in your body that
change food into energy.
meals:food that you eat.
reasonable: fair andsensible.
chew: to bite food severaltimes before swallowing it.
savor: to make somethinglast as long as possible,because you are enjoying it
so much.
plenty: a large quantitythat is enough or more than
enough.
avoid: to preventsomething.
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This food pyramid shows you the importance of these products in a daily diet. It willbe a valuable tool in your quest to "eat healthy."
Each day you should strive to make healthy choices from all of the major food groups:
Protein2-3 servings (meat, fish, poultry, beans, nuts)
Whole Grains6-11 servings (some breads, some pastas, brown rice, somecereals, etc.)
Vegetables3-5 servings (lettuce, broccoli, mushrooms, carrots, spinach, etc.)
Fruit2-4 servings (apples, bananas, berries, pineapple, etc.)
Dairy2-3 servings (milk, yogurt, cheese)
Oils5-6 teaspoons (olive oil, salad dressings, butter, nuts, avocado, mayonnaise,etc.)
Youll notice that the recommended number of servings varies quite a bit, especiallywithin the category of whole grains. The number of servings you have should dependon your activity level and the total calories you eat each day. So, for example, if youexercise a minimum of 30 minutes a day, and eat 1,600 calories a day, you choose thelower number of servings. If you're very active and/or eat 2,800 calories a day, youchoose the higher number of servings. Use this information to help you eat healthyevery day!
The groceries are classified as follows:
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Vegetables
Fruits
carrots cabbage cauliflower broccoli
asparagus beans celery red pepper
green pepper peas mushrooms
apple
Veggies
peaches avocado banana
beets
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cherries lemon sliceberries
grapes
pears
kiwi mango
watermelon
pineapple strawberries
plums raspberries
coconut
oranges
tomatoes
tangerines
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Dairy Products
Bakery
butter
breadpancakes cupcakes
strawberry cake
cheesedairy productsmilk
Milk
croissants
French bread
bagels
eggs
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Meat
beef pork
lamb chicken turkey
Delicatessen
steak
salami sausageham
pot roast
leg of lamb
roast pig pork chops
lamb chops roast chicken
beef- meat from a cow veal - meat from a young cow
pork/ham/bacon - meat from a pig lamb - meat from a lamb (=young sheep) mutton - meat from a sheep venison - meat from a deer
turkey
Swiss cheese
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Seafood
Nuts
Drinks
fish clams crab
lobster
tuna shrimp fish fillet
walnut peanut
lemonadeorange juiceteacoffee
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Grains
Fast -food
ricepasta cereal
sausage
kebabFrench fries
wine
Pop corn
hot-dog
cocktailbeer champagne
Cheese burger
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Desserts
ice-cream
Ice-cream
sundae
popsicle
cherry pie banana split
cake
gelatin
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Food : Countable and uncountable
1. Those you can count are called count nouns OR COUNTABLE NOUNS and
2. those you cannot count are called non count or UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
The following chart shows you the classification of count nouns in singular and pluralforms.
Search for more information about COUNT NOUNS on the Web.
Countable Nouns
S i n g u l a r
refers to one thing or person. Use a or an = one with singular countnouns.
a + consonant sound an + vowel sound
Singular count nouns take a singular verb.
P l u r a l
refers to more than one thing or person. Dont use a /an.plural count nouns take a plural verb.
They can be used with numbers.
If you want to use the word some with countable nouns, you must put thenouns into the plural, and say some tickets, any eggs.
With countable nouns, you have to use many, how many, or a few.
Noun:
It is a word that names a person, animal, place,
thing, idea. Example:
Person: girl, boy, student, instructor.
Animal: dog, cat, shark, hamster, fish.
Place: gym, store, school.
Thing: computer, pen, notebook, bush.
Ideas: liberty, panic, attention, knowledge.
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Uncountable Nouns
S i n g u l a r
Uncountable nouns have only one form. They do not have a pluralform.
Uncountable nouns take a singular verb.
With an uncountable noun you can use quantity words such assome and any:
some butter, any music.
You can use the quantity expressions much, how much, or alittle with uncountable nouns.
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EXAMPLES:
Healthy foodis the key for living longer.
The math problem was easy enough.
Patienceis the ability to stay calm and not get angry when one is waitingfor something or doing something difficult.
Social Studiesis too difficult for me. The news program starts at 5:30. Joy is a happy emotion.
Common Uncountable Nouns refer to:
substances: coal, food, ice, plastic, wood, iron, gas,steel.
liquids: milk, coffee, oil, juice, soda, water, beer.
food: spaghetti, flour, soup, cream, cheese, yogurt,ice-cream,broccoli, lettuce,cereal, bread, pasta,butter, mayonnaise, jam, jelly, fish, meat.
Too small to count:sugar, salt, pepper, cinnamon, rice, sand,baking powder, cereal, wheat, corn.
human qualities: courage, honesty, patience.
feelings: anger, happiness, joy, relief, respect.
abstract ideas: death, freedom, fun, life, luck, advice, beauty,knowledge, information, research, news,time,traffic, air, love, employment, intelligence,aid, .
School subjects: mathematics, physics, history, geography,biology, chemistry, music.
words like: homework, weather, baggage, equipment,furniture, machinery,money, luggage, cotton,silk,leather, traffic, pollution, crime, tooth paste,paper.(sometimes)
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There are some typical mistakes you must be aware of:
Dont say:
What aterrible weather !
She has long hairs. I have a news for you.
We bought some new furnitures.
Say:
What terrible weather !
She has long hair.
I have some news for you.
We bought some new furniture.
Demonstratives
For SingularNouns
For PluralNouns
Uses
THIS(It is a / an)
THESE
(they are)
when the person is near
the object
THAT(it is a / an)
THOSE(they are)
when the person is away
from the object. 4
SINGULAR PLURAL
Whats this? What are these?
Its rice Theyrecupcakes
4 4uncountable
noun countable
noun
4 4
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Whats this? What are these?
Its a strawberry cake. They re eggs
Whats this? What are these?
Its spaghetti. They re tomatoes.
countable noun
countable noun
4 4
uncountable noun
countable noun
4 4
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HOW MUCH VERSUS HOW MANY
How much......? uncountable nouns
Answers to questions withuncountable nouns may
include a variety of indefiniteadjectives such as: a lot(of), lots of, some, much,(a) little.
How many....? countable nouns
Answers to questions withcountable nouns mayinclude a variety of indefiniteadjectives such as: a lot(of), lots of, some, many,(a) few.
To give specific amounts of either countable or uncountable nouns, youcan use units of measurement. e.g.
bag of sugar, potato, chips,
bar of candy, hand soap
bottle of ketchup, juice, soda, other liquids
box of cereal, detergent
bunch of bananas, carrots, grapes
can of beans, tuna
carton of eggs, milk
cup, tablespoon, teaspoon all liquids and dry recipe ingredients
head of lettuce, cabbage
(singular) loaf of/(plural)loaves of bread
package of potato chips, spaghetti
piece of cake, pie, meat, etc
tube of toothpaste
uncountable countable
I dont have much money.
How much time do you have?
There is a little butter in the fridge.
He doesnt have many friends.
How many records do you have?
There are a few rooms still available.
EXERCISES
How much bread you we have? We have a little bread.
How many loaves of bread should I buy? Buy a few loaves of bread.
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WRITING
Parts of a Paragraph
A paragraph is a group of sentences about one main idea. A good paragraph hasdifferent parts.
When you use a title for your paragraph, choose a few key words that focus onyour main ideas.
Begin your paragraph with a topic sentence that tells the main idea.
Then support your idea with sentences that give more information: details, facts,reasons and examples. These are called detail sentences
Finally, write a concluding sentence that shares your main idea I different words.
Example:
Title topic sentence detail sentence concluding sentence1 2 43
Source: Backpack Workbook N-6
Pen Pals
By Vidonia Ferreira.
Writing to pen pals is an excellent way to get to know interesting new people
and learn more about the world. When you communicate by e-mail or by
letter with someone from a different city or country, you can find out what your
new pal does every day at school and after school for fun. You can learn
about your pen pal's family and friends and how they live. You can find outthe kinds of food they eat, the clothes they wear, the chores they do, and the
things they do in their free time. You can even learn interesting facts about
your pen pal's town, cultural traditions, and country. For example, from my
pen pal Alicia, I learned about two holidays in Mexico-Cinco de Mayo and
Las Posadas. And from my pen pal Helmut, I learned about a German game
calledsardinen. I also learned how to make delicious cookies with cinnamon
called zimtstern from Helmut`s mother! As you can see, having pen pals is
not only educational but also a lot of fun.
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3
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3
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Using the previous steps, you will write a paragraph that includes a title, a clear topicsentence, detail sentences that support the main idea, and a concluding sentence.
To carry out the writing activity you can use a diamond shape to help you organize yourparagraph.
The top of the diamond represents yourmain point.
The middle represents the details and information you give.
The bottom of the diamond represent yourconcluding sentence that restates themain point.
Topic sentence describes the main idea
detail sentence supports the main idea
detail sentence supports the main idea
detail sentence supports the main idea
detail sentence supports the main idea
concluding sentence restates the main idea
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WRITING PROCESS
STEPS:1. PRE-WRITING
1.1. Choosing a Topic
Plan what to write
Choose the topic (purpose, audience)
1.2. Explore your Topic
Think about the topic
Brainstorm
1.3 Organizing
Organize ideas into categories(introduction, 1stparagraph, 2ndparagraph, conclusion)
2. DRAFTING
First draft
Think of the beginning and ending of the paragraph
Free-writing
Write as much as you can (keep the purpose in mind)
Topic sentence (main idea)
supporting sentences (detail sentences)
closing sentences (concluding paragraph)
3. REVISING
Proofread(eliminate mistakes, check spelling, grammar:sentence structure, correct
verb forms, subject, verb agreement, punctuation) Reread
Did I make a clear point?
Do I have specific details/facts?
Do I have well organize according to the outline?
Check sense, logical order, something missing,
Check sense
Peer editing (2nddraft)
4. PUBLISHING
Make the information available by handing out your written work.
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The following words can help you to connect the ideas in the paragraphs.
Conjunctions
Conjunctions join two parts of a sentence and help to show the connection betweenthe two parts of the sentence. Note the use of commas before some conjunction.
Conjunction Function Example
and tells you more We got home and went right to bed
but makes a contrast They are rich, but they aren't happy.
because answers the question
why?
We went home because we were
tired.
so tells you the result We went home early, so we missedthe end of the concert.
when answers the questions
when orat what time?
We went home when it started to
rain.
before, after answers the question
What happened first?
We went home before the concert
ended.
We went home after the singer sang
his first song.
although/
though
tells you something
is surprising
We went home although /though we
did not really want to.
if makes a condition We will go home if we are tired
Word Function Example
only says something is smaller
or less than usual
He sleeps only three hours every
night.
even says something is
surprising or unusual.
Everyone was on time for the
meeting, even Pat, who's usually late
like makes a comparison She looks like her dad.
than Used after a comparative
adjective or adverb
Ann is older than Chris. / She works
harder than he does.
also / too / as well says something is in
addition
He works in the store, and she does
also/too/as well.
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The symbols or marks used to organize writing into clauses, phrases andsentences to make the meaning clear. e.g.
Symbol Word (common term in brackets)
. full stop, comma? question mark! exclamation mark: colon
; semi-colon- hyphen (dash)& ampersand/ virgule (forward slash)\ reversed virgule (backward slash)@ at# hash pound symbol euro symbol
$ dollar symbol' apostrophe
~ tilde* asterisk
acute accent
` grave accent" quotation mark( ) left / right parentheses[] left / right square bracket{} left / rightbrace
< > left / right anglebracket
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