Unit 5Moral Values

Text A

• 1. Teaching Aims and Requirements

• 2. Teaching Focus

• 3.Cultual Background• 4. Text organization• 5. Abstract of the Text• 6. Text A study• 7. Summary of Text A

1. Teaching Aims and Requirements

• A.Grasp the main idea and structure of the text.

• B. Master the key language points and grammatical structure in the text.

• C. Conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme if the unit.

2. Teaching Focus

•

• 关系代词的使用取决于先行词，在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，一般跟在先行词之后，而且它的人称、数必须和先行词一致

• The woman is my mother.

• She is speaking at the meeting.

• The woman that/who is speaking at the meeting is my mother.

3. Cultural Background

• Benjamin Franklin ：

4. Text organization Parts Paragra

phsMain Ideas

1 1-5 The bank president’s failing was one of character.

2 6-13 The author insists that what really matters for success is one’s character rather than one’s personality.

3 14-22 One can build character at any age with the inside-out approach and by admitting mistakes. One’s family provides a critical measure of one’s character and the opportunity to nurture it.

4 23-28 The bank president was forgiven by his wife and his employees after he admitted his mistake. He then began to find his own path to character.

5. Abstract of the Text

The author who was invited to a bank for consultancy found that the true reason why this bank's profits were down: the bank executive's failing was one of character, which values most in achieving success. People , however, can build character at any age through insideout approach. Family is also essential for character building. At last, the bank excecutive won forgiveness from his wife and stuff and found his own path to character.

在一家银行做咨询的作者发现银行这家银行业绩不佳的真正元音在于银行总裁的品行不端。以个人品行才是对成功真正重要的，而人们可以在任何年龄阶段通过由内到外的方法塑造品行，另外家庭对品行的培养也是很重要的。最终，银行总裁承认错误后也得到了谅解，找到了修炼自己品行的道路。

6. Text A study

• Lead-in paragragh:– Many tend to believe that the only things we

need for success are talent, energy and personality. Yet the story of the young and competent executive in the following text demonstrates that such values as integrity, honesty, and loyalty are even more essential for our success and happiness

• talent: n. a natural ability to do sth. well– e.g.:Her talent for music showed at an early a

ge.– talent 的形容词形式为“ talented” ，意为“有

天赋的；有才干的”。

• CF: genius, talent , gift & ability– genius: 语气最强，指天生的才能与智力。– talent: 着重指一个某方面具有可发展和培养的

突出才能，但语气比 genius 弱。– gift: 着重指一种与生俱来的能力。– ability: 普通用词，指人先天的或学来的各种能力。

• 1. We found him work more suited to his ______ • 2. Bill possesses a remarkable ______for music.• 3. He is hard-working and able, but no______ .

• 4. He has many outstanding_______ .• 5. Her ______ are well known.• 6. He has the ________ to do the work. • 7. She has always been able to learn languages

easily; it’s a ______.

abilities

talent

genius

gifts

talents

ability

gift

• personality: n. sb.’s character, especially the way they behave towards other people– e.g.: He is well qualified for the job, but he

does lack personality.

• figure: n. – 1. sb. who is important or famous in some

way e.g.: Several leading figures resigned from the

party.– 2. sb. with a particular type of appearance or

character, especially when they are far away or difficult to see

e.g: I saw a figure approaching in the darkness.

Words and expressions:

• 1. v. ask for information or advice from sb. because it is their job to know sth.

e.g.:I’m not quite sure how to get there — I’d better consult a map.

• 2. v. discuss sth. with sb. so that you can make a decision together

e.g.: Why didn’t you consult me about this?

• morale: n. the level of confidence and positive feelings that people have, especially people who work together, who belong to the same team, etc.

e.g.: A couple of victories would improve the team’s morale enormously.

A long period of unemployment weakened his morale. 长期的失业使得他精神不振。

• rise through the ranks: make progress from a low position to a high position

e.g.: On our ships, the officers rose through the ranks and every young sailor boy had his chances.

She had joined the company as a secretary and risen through the ranks.

• stump: v. if you are stumped by a question or problem, you are unable to find an answer to it

e.g.: I’m completely stumped.

I’m stumped: I just don’t know what to do.

我很为难 , 简直不知如何是好。

• emerge: v.– 1. appear or come out from somewhere

e.g.: She emerged from the sea, blue with cold.

The sun emerged from behind a cloud. 太阳从云朵后面钻出来。

– 2. if facts emerge, they become known after being hidden or secret

e.g.: Differences on the issues have emerged.

After thorough investigation there emerged an overall picture. 经彻底调查，总的情况明朗了。

• affair: n.– 1. a secret sexual relationship between two

people, when at least one of them is married to sb. else

e.g.: She’s having an affair with a married man.

He had an affair with his boss that lasted six years.

– 2. things connected with your personal life, your financial situation, etc.

e.g.: She organizes her financial affairs very efficiently.

Leave me alone; mind your own affairs.

• CF: affair, business & matter– affair: 含义较广，侧重指与你个人生活有关的事务。

复数形式多指重大或较复杂的事务。– business: 通常指生意上的事情。– matter: 普通用词，着重指一件不得不考虑的或需要

处理的事。

• 1. The minister deals with important _______ • 2. Will you phone me back — it’s a _______ of some

importance. • 3. Our firm does a lot of ________ with overseas

customers. • 4. Currently, there are fewer firms in _______ in the

area than ever before. • 5. Talking about the world’s problems is one thing, but

solving them is another ________ altogether.• 6. What I do in my spare time is my _______ • 7. Mary denied any knowledge of the _________ • 8. Eventually they found a consultant they felt they could

do _________ with.

affair

matter

business

business

business

affair

matter

matter

• obvious: adj. easy to notice or understand

e.g.: They have a small child so for obvious reasons they need money.

It was obvious that I knew very little about it.

• conduct:

1. n. the way sb. behaves, especially in public, in their job, etc.

e.g.: The club has a strict code of conduct.

2. v. carry out a particular activity or process, especially in order to get information or prove facts

e.g.: We are conducting a survey to find out what our customers think of their local bus service.

• consequence: n. sth. that happens as a result of a particular action or set of conditions

e.g.: Well, if you insist on eating so much, you’ll have to suffer the consequences!

This decision will bring long-lasting consequences. 这项决定会带来深远的影响。

• constitute: v. if several people or things constitute sth., they are the parts that form it

e.g.:Women constitute about 10% of the parliament.

　 The under-18s constitute nearly 25% of the town’s population.

• CF: constitute, compose & consist– constitute：正式用词，指由某些部分组成一个整体或构成某物的基本成分。在句中，主语表事物的组成部分，宾语表示事物的整体。

– compose：正式用词，多用被动态。指将两个或两个以上的人或物放到一起形成一个整体。

– consist：与 of连用，指一个整体由几个部分组成，或由某些材料构成。

• 1. Seven days ＿＿＿＿ a week.

• 2. The house ＿＿＿＿　 of six rooms.

• 3. Such action ＿＿＿＿ a felony (重罪 ).

• 4. Water is ＿＿＿＿ of hydrogen and oxygen.

• 5. That area’s future weather pattern might ＿＿＿＿　 of long dry periods.

constitute

constitute ｓ

consistｓ

compose ｄ

consist

• trait: n. (formal) a particular quality in sb’s character

　 e.g. ： His sense of humor is one of his good traits.

　 One of his less attractive traits is criticizing his child in public. 他有个不大讨人喜欢的特点，就是爱当众责备孩子。

• generosity: n. a generous attitude, or generous behaviour

　 e.g. ： Her friends take advantage of her generosity.

　 He is known for his generosity. 　他以慷慨闻名。

• N.B. generosity 的形容词为 generous ， 意为“慷慨的，大方的”； 其反义词为 mean ，意为“吝啬的，小气的”。

• inner: adj. – 1. inner thoughts or feelings are the ones that

you feel strongly but do not always show to other people

　 e.g.:Sarah seemed to have a profound sense of inner peace.

– 2. on the inside or close to the centre of sth.

　 e.g.:Few people ever managed to penetrate the star’s inner sanctum. 　　

• dilemma: n. 　 a situation in which it is very difficult to decide what to do, because all the choices seem equally good or equally bad 　

• e.g. ： The president is clearly in a dilemma about / over how to tackle the crisis.

• figure: n. – 1. sb. who is important or famous in some

way　 e.g. ： Several leading figures resigned fr

om the party.– 2. sb. with a particular type of appearance or

character, especially when they are far away or difficult to see

e.g. ： I saw a figure approaching in the darkness.

　

• guideline: n. rules or instructions about the best way to do sth.

　 e.g.: 　 The EU has issued guidelines on appropriate levels of pay for part-time manual workers.

　 Today the moral guidelines are less obvious than before.

• shift: v.– 1. if sb.’s opinions, beliefs, etc. shift, they

change e.g.:Public opinion was beginning to shift to the

right.He refused to shift his ground. – 2. make sb. else responsible for sth., especiall

y for sth. bad that has happened e.g.: 　 Don’t try to shift the responsibility onto o

thers: you must do the job yourself.

– 3. move from one place or position to another, or make sth. do this

e.g. ： Joe listened, shifting uncomfortably from one foot to another.

• motto: n. a short sentence or phrase giving a rule on how to behave, which expresses the aims or beliefs of a person, school, or institution

　 e.g. ： Her motto is “Work hard, play hard”.

• deceptive: adj. 　 sth. that is deceptive seems to be one thing but is in fact very different

　 e.g.: 　 It’s deceptive — from the outside, the building looks small, but inside, it’s quite big.

• guarantee: v. 　– 1. make a formal written promise to repair or r

eplace a product if it breaks within a specific period of time

　 e.g. ： The fridge is guaranteed for two years.– 2. promise to do sth. or to promise that sth. wil

l happen e.g.: 　 I can’t guarantee to work for more than

a year.

• strength: n. 　 the quality of being brave or determined in dealing with difficult or unpleasant situations

　 e.g. ： He showed great strength of character when he refused to accept the bribes.

　

• generate: v.– 1. produce or cause sth.

e.g.: 　 Her latest film has generated a lot of interest.

– 2. produce heat, electricity, or another form of energy

e.g.: 　 Wind turbines generate electricity for the local community.

• ingredient: n.– 1. a quality you need to achieve sth.

e.g.: 　 Mental illness and detachment from society are the ingredients of suicide.

– 2. one of the foods that you use to make a particular food or dish

e.g.: 　 The list of ingredients included 250g of almonds. 将原料放在盆里调匀。

• get away with: not be caught or punished when you have done sth. wrong

　 e.g.: 　 If I thought I could get away with it, I wouldn’t pay any tax at all.

　 How did he get away with cheating? 他考试作弊是如何得逞的？

• confide: v. tell sb. you trust about personal things that you do not want other people to know

　 e.g.: 　 He confided his innermost secrets to her.

7. Summary of text A• He was thinking only of his own pleasure and

satisfaction disregarding long-term consequences.

• What’s the grammatical function of “disregarding long-term consequences”?– 现在分词短语作状语。– More examples:– She went out, slamming the door.– I fell, striking my head against the door and cutting it.

• Ｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎ：他只顾自己一时的享乐和满足，不管长远的后果。

• During the nation’s first century and a half, almost everything in the literature of success and self-help focused on what could be called the character ethic.

• 1. Paraphrase this sentence.– During the first 150 years of our country, almost

everything written about success and self-help centered on the importance of good character for success.

• ２．Ｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎ：在我国历史最初的 150 多年中，几乎所有关于成功与自励的文献都聚焦在所谓的品德标准方面。

• How often have we heard of someone who is an excellent employee but treats his or her spouse like a piece of furniture?

• 1. What rhetorical device is used in the sentence?

Simile. • 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese. 我们会不会经常听说这样的人，比如一个

很出色的员工，却把自己的配偶当作一件家具那样对待？

• This is why our families provide a critical measure of our character and the opportunity, again and again, to nurture it.

• 1. What’s the meaning of the sentence? This is the reason why our families are imp

ortant as places where our character is constantly tested and gradually improved.

• 2. Translation: 这就是为什么我们的家庭能为我们的品德提供一个重要的量度，而且不断提供机会滋养它。