Unit 4Globalization

Peter Gumbel

• Reuters, Wall Street Journal, Time Magazine• objectivity in reporting • nonjudgmental

Globalization

• “Globalization refers to increases in the degree of integration between national economics. Integration encompasses all of the ways national economics are connected in international markets, including trade in goods, services and ideas; international movements of the factors of production; and coordination of public policies.”

Davos Man

• a neologism• the global elite of wealthy men whose

members view themselves as completely international

Davos

• a town in Switzerland• shot to fame in the 1990s• World Economic Forum (an annual

gathering of international politicians and financiers)

Language Study

• sweep aside: refuse to pay attention to

• Branson swept all the objections aside.• Sweeping aside all opposition, the prime

minister put the matter to vote.

Language Study

• fervent: believing or feeling something very strongly and sincerely

• a fervent desire to win• He’s a fervent believer in free speech.• She made a fervent farewell speech

Language Study

• network: meet and talk to people who have similar jobs to yours, especially because they may be useful for you

• In business, it is important to network with as many people as possible on a face-to-face basis.

Language Study

• If you have business interests or you’re single looking for love, it’s important to network at parties.

Samuel Huntington

• 1927—2008• a longtime Harvard University professor, an

influential political scientist, and mentor to a generation of scholars in widely divergent fields

• a prolific writer

Samuel Huntington

• “People all over the world studied and debated his ideas. I believe that he was clearly one of the most influential political scientists of the last 50 years.”

• “Every one of his books had an impact. These have become part of our vocabulary.”

----Henry Rosovsky

Samuel Huntington

• “[He is] one of the giants of political science worldwide during the past half century. He had a knack for asking the crucially important but often inconvenient question. He had the talent and skill to formulate analyses that stood the test of time.”

----Jorge Dominguez

Samuel Huntington

• The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (1996)

• Who Are We? The Challenges of America’s National Identity (2004)

Language Study

• residue: the part of something that is left after the rest has gone or been taken away

• the residue of the youth• The residue of the stock was sold.• The residue of estate belongs to his son.• 剩余财产属于他的儿子。

Language Study

• divorce: separate

• It is difficult to divorce sport from politics.• How can you divorce the issues of

environmental protection and overpopulation?

Language Study

• endorse: give support or approval

• The two leaders endorsed the movement for peace in South Asia.

• The President endorsed her candidacy.• Remember, the person used in the ad has been paid

a large sum of money to endorse the product.

• endorsement

Language Study

• forefront: the foremost part or area

• San Francisco is at the forefront of efforts to promote the use of electric cars.

• Companies compete to say at the forefront of research and development.

• He was at the forefront of the struggle for equal rights.

Cisco System• an American-based multinational corporation• designs and sells consumer electronics, networking and

communications technology and services • headquartered in San Jose, California • has more than 65,000 employees and annual revenue of

US$40.0 billion as of 2010• The stock was added to the Dow Jones Industrial Average on

June 8, 2009, and is also included in the S&P 500 Index the Russell 1000 Index, NASDAQ100 Index and the Russell 1000 Growth Stock Index.

• one of the world's biggest technology corporations

Language Study

• landmark: having great significance

• The Willard in downtown Philadelphia is a landmark hotel rich in tradition, elegance, and style.

• The forum will become a landmark event in international cooperation.

Language Study

• landmark: an object easily recognized from a distance; an event marking an important stage of development or a turning point in history

• Our last stop is the Oriental Pearl TV Tower, a landmark of Shanghai.

• The Reform and Open policy has become a landmark in Chinese history.

Language Study

• projection: a statement or calculation about what something will be in the future, based on information available now

• He declined to make projections about fourth quarter earnings.

• Sales projections for next year look encouraging.• population projection for the next 25 years

Language Study

• displace: take the place of someone or something

• The indigenous population were displaced by the settlers.

外来移民把当地人赶出了家园。• He was displaced from his job by a young man.• This new technology allows natural gas to displace

a portion of the fossil fuel used in truck and bus engines.

Language Study

• pendulum: 摆；钟摆 the pendulum: used to talk about the tendency of

ideas, beliefs etc to change regularly to the opposite

• The pendulum is now shifting towards higher privacy control online.

• Since the last election, the pendulum of public opinion has swung back against the government.

Language Study

• ambivalent: not sure whether you want or like something or not

• We are both somewhat ambivalent about having a child.

• I have a very ambivalent attitude towards giving to charity.

Language Study

• aspire: have a strong desire to do something (aspire to sth. / aspire to do sth.)

• At that time, all serious artists aspired to go to Paris.

• Comcast ( 美国通信卫星公司 ) aspires to become a major global communication player.

• college graduates aspiring to careers in finance

Is globalization a blessing or a curse?

Positive aspects• As more money is poured in to developing countries, there is

a greater chance for the people in those countries to economically succeed and increase their standard of living.

• Global competition encourages creativity and innovation and keeps prices for commodities/services in check.

• Developing countries are able to reap the benefits of current technology without undergoing many of the growing pains associated with development of these technologies.

• There is a greater access to foreign culture in the form of movies, music, food, clothing, and more. In short, the world has more choices.

Negative aspects• Outsourcing, while it provides jobs to a population in one country,

takes away those jobs from another country, leaving many without opportunities.

• Although different cultures from around the world are able to interact, they begin to meld, and the contours and individuality of each begin to fade.

• There is little international regulation, an unfortunate fact that could have dire consequences for the safety of people and the environment.

• Large Western-driven organizations such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank make it easy for a developing country to obtain a loan. However, a Western-focus is often applied to a non-Western situation, resulting in failed progress.

Globalization

• "Globalization is not a phenomenon. It is not just some passing trend. Today it is an overarching international system shaping the domestic politics and foreign relations of virtually every country, and we need to understand it as such.”

----The Lexus and the Olive Tree

Thomas Friedman

Translation

• 资本、劳动力和技术的流动• 国家认同• 文化断层• 对各国人口和经济增长的预计

• flow of capital, labor and technology

• national identity• cultural fault line• Projections of

demographic and economic growth

Translation

• 达沃斯人以全球公民自居的自我形象，与大多数美国人的价值观完全相悖。• Davos Man’s global-citizen self-image is starkly

at odds with the values of most Americans.

Translation

• 一款热门游戏《愤怒的小鸟》已经俨然成为本年度最不可思议的流行文化符号，引领了一场文化热潮。游戏的巨大成功引得对手模仿，业界崇敬，粉丝狂赞。

Translation

• Angry Birds, a hit game, has become one of the unlikeliest pop-culture crazes of the year. The huge success of the game has inspired parodies, homage and fervent testimonials.

Translation

• 有 60 多个国家的元首使用“推特”微博这种社交网站来作为外交平台，甚至产生了一个新词“微博外交”。例如，美国总统奥巴马和俄罗斯总统梅德韦杰夫互为彼此的微博“粉丝”。

Translation

• More than 60 countries’ heads of state now use Twitter as a new social networking platform for diplomacy, sparking the creation of a new word: “Twitplomacy.” For example, US President Barack Obama and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev have added each other to become each other’s “fans.”