UNIT 4 Between Us Read the quotes about relationships. Do they refer to friendship, family or romance? What do you think each of the quotes means?

When I was a boy of 14, my father was so ignorant I could hardly stand to have the old man around. But when I got to be 21, I was astonished at how much the old man had learned in seven years. Mark Twain

No guy is worth your tears and the one who is won’t make you cry. Anonymous

Unit Contents: Vocabulary: Relationships, Describing People Grammar: Modals, Modal Perfects Listening: Informal Conversations Speaking: Describing a Person Writing: A Description of a Person

Lots of people want to ride with you in the limo, but what you want is someone who will take the bus with you when the limo breaks down. Oprah Winfrey

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3 A friend is one who knows you and loves you just the same. Elbert Hubbard

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Open QuestiOns

When answering open questions, first find the keywords in the questions and identify the type of information you are looking for. Be sure to use your own words to answer the questions.

ReaDing

1 Word check The following words appear in the text. Make sure you know what they mean.

sparks•sweaty•background•matching

2 Understanding the author’s Purpose an author writes for different reasons: to inform (news articles, reports), to entertain (narratives), to persuade (advertisements, opinion essays) and to describe (descriptions of places and people).

Read the text. What is the author’s purpose? a. to entertain readers with her dating stories b. to persuade people to participate in the experiment on DNA matching c. to inform people about DNA matching d. to describe how DNA matching sites work

3 answer the questions. 1. According to GenePartner, what are the advantages of finding a genetically compatible partner? 2. What two things do MHC genes affect? 3. Does the writer want to try DNA matching? Why or why not? 4. Which of the readers will probably try DNA matching in their next

relationship? Explain.

4 choose the correct answer. 1. In the experiment, the women … . a. wore the same shirt for three days b. decided which shirts smelt better c. smelt the shirts every day d. decided which man had worn each shirt 2. The women chose men who … . a. had genes that were not like theirs b. were less sweaty than others c. were nice d. had strong immune systems

5 complete the sentences using your own words. 1. Lara B feels that other factors are as important ... . 2. Kevin is sorry that he and his wife didn’t ... . 3. According to Dr Winters, scientists know that MHC plays ... .

6 Find words or expressions in the text that mean: 1. regulate (lines 8-16) 2. probability (lines 20-23) 3. partner (lines 20-23) 4. get married (lines 31-35) 5. attractive (lines 45-47)

7 Over to You Which of the factors in Lara B’s letter do you think are important when choosing a boyfriend / girlfriend? are there any other factors that are important to you?

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claims (line 5) means afirma not clamaprofessor (line 44) means catedrático, profesor de universidad not profesor de instituto

➡ When you’re choosing a partner in life, you should think about personality and interests, values and life goals, age and social background … Genetics is only one piece in the puzzle. In my opinion, DNA matching websites have to consider these factors as well. I wonder if they do.Lara B

➡ Sandy and I have been married for two years, but now we’re getting divorced. Things just aren’t working out. I suppose we should have sent our DNA for testing before we decided to tie the knot. We must have been incompatible from the start. Kevin

➡ I’ve done research on MHC for more than ten years. It’s true that in animals, MHC has a big effect on finding a mate. But scientists don’t know if genetic compatibility really plays such an important role in humans, so how can these dating services know? Dr Simone Winters, Professor of Genetics, London

➡ If I see a nice-looking girl the next time I’m at a party, will I ask her to take the MHC test to see if we’re compatible? I doubt it. Nigel M

Hi, all you single people out there! If you’re like me and you haven’t found the love of your life, here’s something that might help you. It’s GenePartner, a company that uses your DNA to find you a perfect match!

GenePartner claims that if you and your date are genetically compatible, sparks will fly when you meet. And even more, they say your relationship will last a long time.

The science of genetically-matched love began in 1995, when an experiment was done in Switzerland to test MHC genes, which control the body’s immune system. Strangely, these genes are also responsible for the way your body smells. The Swiss researchers told a group of men to wear T-shirts for three days without washing them. Then women were asked to smell those sweaty T-shirts. In almost every case, they preferred the smell of shirts worn by men with MHC genes that were different from their own.

It seems that when it comes to genes, opposites attract. So if you’re with someone nice but there’s no spark, it might be because your date has got the wrong DNA.

Does DNA matching seem just a bit unromantic? Perhaps, but I’ve tried everything else. This may increase the chance of finding the perfect mate, so I think I’ll give it a chance.

Is it really true that opposites attract? According to a recent study, people look for partners with similar personality traits, but claim to want someone who is different.

A Genetic

www. geneticdatingblog.net

AttractionComments

➡

extra Listening, page 124

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UNIT 4UNIT 4

AHappyEnding

Topic Vocabulary Relationships

5 choose the answer that best reflects the meaning of the first sentence. Pay attention to the expressions in colour.

1. I’m going out with Paul tomorrow. a. We’ll study for the exam. b. We’ll have dinner in a restaurant.

2. I have made friends with Carl. a. I haven’t met him yet. b. He is very nice.

3. I want to get to know you. a. Let’s go out for coffee. b. Please don’t call me.

4. My sister and I get along. a. We almost never fight. b. We’re both good at sport.

5. I’m falling in love with Anna. a. I think she’s fantastic. b. I’d like to meet her.

6. Let’s keep in touch. a. I don’t want to speak to you again. b. We can be friends on Facebook.

7. We’ve grown apart since you moved away. a. We don’t e-mail much any more. b. We talk on the phone every day.

8. Denise takes after her mother. a. They’re both very clever. b. They like being together.

3 add a noun suffix to each of the words below. Use a dictionary to help you. Pay attention to changes in spelling.

argue•friend•possible•dark arrange•happy•describe•decide

4 complete the sentences with the nouns you formed in exercise 3.

1. I’ve made an ..... for Bob to walk my dog while I’m on holiday.

2. Do you think there’s a ..... of meeting next week? 3. My boyfriend and I had a terrible ..... last night. 4. We’ve finally made a ..... – we’re getting married! 5. We wish you a future of health and ..... . 6. Could you please send us a ..... of your personality? 7. My ..... with Jane ended when I saw her with

my boyfriend. 8. When we arrived, the hotel was in complete ..... .

VocaBULaRy Words from the Text

1 are the following statements true or false? Pay attention to the words in colour. correct the false statements without changing the words in colour.

1. If something lasts, it continues to exist. 2. If you are single, you haven’t got a husband or wife. 3. Studying hard will increase your chances of failing. 4. Scientists never do research. 5. Friends play a very important role in most

teenagers’ lives.

2 complete the sentences with the words and expressions below.

doubt•claims•perfectmatch•values•workout tietheknot•date•relationship•giveitachance 1. I’m meeting my ..... at a restaurant. 2. We learn many of our ..... from our parents. 3. Doreen and Bob are very happy together.

They’re a ..... . 4. There are no clouds, so I ..... that it will rain. 5. My girlfriend and I have a wonderful ..... . 6. He offered me a job and I decided to ..... . 7. Their business didn’t ..... , so they lost all their

money. 8. The boy ..... that he didn’t break the window. 9. After going out for two years, they have decided

to ..... .

6 The following sentences do not make sense. correct them by replacing each word in colour with a word in colour from a different sentence.

1. If you are engaged, you have got a husband or wife. 2. When a husband and wife don’t want to stay

together, they get married. 3. When two people have got a romantic relationship,

they are a relative. 4. A couple is someone you can talk to about anything. 5. Your fiancé could be your uncle or brother. 6. If you are divorced, you are probably planning

your wedding.

7. Your acquaintance is the person you are going to marry.

8. Your close friend is someone you don’t know very well.

relationship = a connection relative = a family membercomplete the sentences with relationship and relative.

1. Is that man a ..... of yours?2. My sister and I have got an excellent

..... with one another.

Putting It Together

7 complete the passage with the words and expressions below. Then listen and check your answers.

couple•doubted•grewapart•last•marriedfellinlove•relationship•single

Vocabulary Builder, page 84

Noun SuffixesWe can form nouns by adding suffixes to certain verbs, adjectives and other nouns. Some common noun suffixes are: -ness, -ship, -ment, -tion, -sion and-ity.relationship, personality, attraction

Note that there are sometimes changes in spelling.compatible – compatibility

Grammar Appendix, page 135

Carmen Ruiz Pérez of Spain and Steve Smith of England got 1. ..... at the age of 42, after a separation of 15 years. They first met in 1993, when Carmen was a student in England, and they soon became a 2. ..... . However, their 3. ..... didn’t 4. ..... very long. Carmen had to leave England, and eventually they 5. ..... and broke up. After five years, Steve wrote Carmen a letter and sent it to her mother’s house. The letter fell behind the fireplace and her mother forgot about it. It wasn’t found until 10 years later, when she installed a new fireplace. Carmen was still 6. ..... and she had never forgotten Steve. She 7. ..... that he would still agree to see her after so many years, but when she called him, he wanted to meet. As soon as they saw each other, they 8. ..... all over again. Now they intend to stay together forever!

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UNIT 4

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In the past, when women got married, they usually had to change their surnames. Today, however, there are other options women 1. can / could consider. A couple 2. mustn’t / may each choose to each keep their original names, or to use both names together. These solutions mean that women 3. are able to / have to keep an important part of their identity. However, things 4. might have got / might get confusing in the future, when the couple has children. We asked some women what they thought:“I 5. shouldn’t have / must not have changed my name. I don’t have any brothers, and now there’s no one left with our family name.”“It 6. must be / must have been much easier in the past, when people 7. mustn’t / didn’t have to make all these decisions! In my family, children and parents will all have the same surname – his.”“I 8. could change / could have changed my name, but I’m glad I didn’t. Now my old friends can still find me on Facebook!”

4 complete the sentences with the modal perfects below.

couldhave•shouldhave•shouldn’thave•mightnothave•musthave 1. I’m so tired! I ..... gone to bed earlier last night. 2. George isn’t home. He ..... gone out. 3. Amy still loves Carl. She ..... broken up with him. 4. Lily didn’t seem interested in me. I ..... made a very good impression. 5. Why didn’t you say you were coming? We ..... waited for you.

1 Which modals in colour are used to talk about...?

1. necessity 2. (lack of) ability 3. advice 4. possibility 5. certainty 6. permission 7. obligation

2 Which modals in the poster can be substituted by the following? 1. (not) be able to 2. might 3. ought to

Read the poster and answer the questions.

1 choose the correct answer.

1. Maybe you’ll like Internet dating. You might / can / ought to give it a chance. 2. That story mustn’t / can’t / shouldn’t be true. It never happened. 3. My shoes are too small. I have to / could / can buy new ones. 4. Trevor looks happy. He should / must / can have a new girlfriend. 5. I already know Martin. You don’t have to / mustn’t / may not introduce him to me. 6. When my father was younger, he ought to / had to / could run faster than me.

2 complete the sentences. Use the modals below.

may•mustnot•can•wereableto•should•mightnot 1. You ..... try to get along with your brother. 2. I ..... tell my best friend everything. She’s a good listener. 3. We’ve invited Aunt Peggy, but she ..... come. She isn’t sure yet. 4. ..... I have some of your chocolate? 5. When we worked together, we ..... get to know each other. 6. Parents ..... leave small children alone at home.

3 Write what you would say in each situation. Use a suitable modal and the verb in brackets.

1. Your friend rides his bike without a helmet. (wear) 2. It’s cold, and someone else is near the open window. (close) 3. Someone takes out a cigarette in a shop with a no smoking sign. (smoke) 4. Your friend eats too much junk food. (eat) 5. There’s a chance that your team will do well. (win)

choose the correct answers to complete the passage. Then listen and check your answers.55

Does this sound like you? Then you must be the parent of a teenager! Our course may make a big difference in your life. You should try it now – for yourself and for your child.

You may register online or ask for a form at 333-87625.

Registration forms must arrive by 5th January.

Read the dialogue and answer the questions.

Which modal perfects in colour do we use ... ? 1. when we are sure that something was true 2. when it is possible that something was true 3. to criticise or express regret 4. when someone had the ability to do something,

but didn’t do it

John: Whydidn’tyoutellyourparentsyouweregoingout?Theymust have beensoworried!

Tara: Well,theycould have calledearlier.

John: Theymight havejustrealisedthatyouweren’tathome.Ithinkyoushould have toldthem.

How to Communicate with Your Teenager

I can’t talk to my daughter without

an argument!

When I want my son to listen to me,

I have to shout.

language to speaking

complete the sentences so they are true for you. Then ask your partner questions to find out what he / she wrote.

1. I should try to get along better with … . 2. One of my goals in life is … . 3. The perfect mate for me is someone who … . 4. When I’m older, I might … . 5. Last weekend, I should have … . 6. I usually have arguments with my

parents about … .

Modal Perfects modal + have + past participleModals modal + verb

T h e Name G ame

Grammar Appendix, page 133

Grammar Appendix, page 134

gRaMMaR

Justin no debe de tener una buena relacion con sus padres, estan siempre discutiendo.Justin can’t have a good relationship with his parents. They’re always arguing. 3NOT: Justin mustn’t have a good relationship with his parents. They’re always arguing. 7

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UNIT 4

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6

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SKiLLS Listening

5 you are going to hear three conversations. Listen to each one and choose the correct answers.

Conversation 1:

1. Who is Nina talking to? a. a friend b. Ricky c. Wendy

2. Who is Nina complaining about? a. a girlfriend b. Ricky c. Wendy

Conversation 2:

3. Oliver is very worried about … . a. his schoolwork b. his health c. his piano playing

4. Who are the people in this conversation? a. cousins b. friends c. brother and sister

Conversation 3:

5. We know that Beverly and Emma Flanders are both … . a. pretty b. energetic c. new in town

6. The man is Steve’s … . a. father b. teacher c. boss

6 Listen to each conversation again. Decide if the following statements are true or false.

Conversation 1: 1. Ricky is usually outgoing. 2. Nina went to the party.

Conversation 2: 3. Oliver has got a maths test on Thursday. 4. Oliver gets home from school at 3 o’clock.

Conversation 3: 5. Beverly Flanders mentioned having a daughter. 6. Steve wants his father to help him with geography.

Speaking Describing a Person

7 Match each question in a to an answer in B. one of the questions has got two answers. Then practise the dialogue with a partner.

a 1. What does he look like? 2. What’s he like? 3. What’s he interested in?

B a. He’s very helpful and generous, but he can be a bit stubborn. b. He’s really into sport and he also enjoys playing the guitar. c. He’s quite short and muscular, and he’s got curly, dark hair. d. He’s good at computers, but he’s not mad about maths.

Pronunciation Listen and repeat.

1. it • hit /k/

2. air • hair /k/

Pronunciation Practice, page 142

9 The people in the pictures want to join a dating service. copy the client profile. Then choose a picture and make up a profile for that person. Use your imagination.

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Topic Vocabulary Describing People1 Which of the words and phrases below would you use to

describe yourself? Which would you use to describe your best friend?

Personality adventurous•outgoing•moody•energetic•generous

greatsenseofhumour•stubborn•shy•cheerful•selfish

appearance slim•averageheight•good-looking•petite•muscular

2 Match a word or phrase from exercise 1 to each of the people below.

1. Matt isn’t especially tall or short. 2. Peter won’t change his opinion about anything. 3. His arms and legs are very strong. 4. Ella never seems to get tired. 5. Ruby has no problem talking to people she doesn’t know. 6. Tom is an attractive boy. 7. Fran sees the funny side of everything. 8. If you ask Bill for something, he’ll never refuse.

3 choose the correct answer.

1. A selfish person likes to keep things / give things away. 2. A shy person would probably have lots of friends / only a few good friends. 3. A slim person probably doesn’t eat a lot of / eats lots of sweets. 4. An adventurous person would enjoy watching TV / extreme sports. 5. A cheerful person sees the positive / negative side of life. 6. A moody person stays the same / may change from one day to the next. 7. A petite person wears large-sized / small-sized clothes.

3 Make two lists: appearance and personality. Write the words below in the correct list. Then add as many words as you can think of to each list.

curly•confident•dark•attractivehelpful•fair•straight•serious

Vocabulary Builder, page 84

When you want to add more information or another point to emphasise what you’ve just said, use the following expressions:

And another thing ... What’s more... And besides ... .

TASK copy another client profile into your notebook. ask and answer questions to complete the profile about the person your partner chose. Use the vocabulary on page 48 and the questions and expressions in exercise 7 to help you.

Burlington Speech Trainer, Unit 4

cLienT PRoFiLe

name: ..... age: ..... appearance:

Hair: ..... Skin: ..... Height: .....

Build: .....

Other: .....

interests and activities: Enjoys .....

Really into .....

Not mad about .....

Personality:

Positive: ..... ..... ..... Negative: ..... .....

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UNIT 4

1 a description of a person usually gives information about the person’s appearance, personality and interests. it also gives our opinion of that person. Read the model description below. What information does it include about abigail’s appearance, personality and interests? How does the writer feel about abigail?

opening: introduces the person. May say how you know the person / give an opinion

Body: describes the person’s appearance, personality, interests and activities and / or your relationship

closing: gives a summary or conclusion; often includes an opinion

AbigailMyfriendandclassmateAbigailmustbeoneofthemostinterestingpeopleatschool.Infact,I’venevermetanyonequitelikeher!

Abigailisaverageheight,withanathleticbuildandlong,wavybrownhair.She’scheerful,hasgotagreatsenseofhumourandcanalwaysmakepeoplelaugh.However,she’salsoaveryseriousperson.She’sreallyintoscienceandbiology.Moreover,sheknowsalotaboutnatureandtheenvironment.

Abigailisabsolutelymadaboutanimals.Firstofall,she’sgotmanydogs,cats,hamstersandrabbits.Shealsoridesandlooksafterhorsesonafarmoutsidetown.Inaddition,shevolunteersatthelocalzooduringschoolholidays.She’salwaysgotinterestingstoriestotellmeaboutherexperiences.

Inshort,Abigailisquitedifferentfrommostteenagers.She’sfuntobewithandentertainingtolistento.I’mgladthatshe’smyfriend.

2 in which section of the model could the writer have written the following sentences?

1. She’s an excellent student. 2. She takes home any lost animals she finds in the street. 3. I’ve known her since we were six years old. 4. She’s got fair hair and a cute face. 5. I hope our friendship lasts for a long time. 6. She’s very generous, but she can be quite stubborn sometimes.

3 Find three connectors of addition in the model in exercise 1.

4 choose the correct answer.

1. … having many brothers and sisters, Jane has got many cousins. a. In addition to b. Also

2. Many parents and teenagers have difficulty communicating. … , teenagers often feel that their parents don’t understand them.

a. In addition to b. Furthermore

3. After getting married, many women use their husband’s surname … their own.

a. also b. as well as

4. Older siblings sometimes look after younger ones until their parents get home. They … help them with their schoolwork.

a. furthermore b. also

5. Nowadays, people often wait until they are in their thirties to get married. … , they are not in a hurry to have children.

a. As well as b. Moreover

5 complete the sentences in a logical way.

1. Marianne loves surfing. She also ... .

2. Jason has enjoyed drawing since he was a child. In addition, … .

3. My mother is one of the most intelligent people I know. Moreover, … .

4. I admire Alex for his musical talent as well as … .

5. In addition to playing the piano, Lily ... .

TASK A Description of a Person Write a description of an interesting person. Use 80-120 words.

The model in exercise 1, the steps in getting organised and the Useful expressions will help you.

WRiTing A Description of a Person Moreover, furthermore and

in addition occur at the beginning of a sentence and are followed by a comma.

In addition to, besides and as well as are followed by a noun or a gerund.

Also is usually followed by a verb or comes after the verb to be. It can also come at the beginning of a clause.

Connectors of AdditionConnectors of addition introduce similar or additional ideas. Examples of connectors of addition are: also, moreover, furthermore, besides, in addition, in addition to and as well as.

Useful ExpressionsOne of the most …. people I knowShe’s got …She’s into …She’s quite …She can be a bit …In short,In conclusion,

Getting Organised1. Write down the various details

about appearance, personality and interests that you want to include about the person you are describing.

2. Organise your ideas into paragraphs. Use the model in Exercise 1 to help you.

3. Use connectors of addition to connect similar ideas.

4. Include your opinion of the person in your closing paragraph.

5. Check your work for mistakes.

checklist 3 spelling 3 punctuation 3 grammar 3 word order 3 use of connectors

Writing Guide, page 168

Writing Guide, page 163

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UNIT 4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Grammar3 choose the correct answer.

1. Lisa walked / was walking her dog when I met her. 2. That can’t be / mustn’t be Tom. He’s in London. 3. The Spanish football team has won / won the World

Cup in 2010. 4. This time next week, Sophie will ski / will be skiing

in the French Alps. 5. I knew that I have met / had met the woman before. 6. What do you do / are you doing this evening? 7. I haven’t heard / didn’t hear from Andy for weeks.

What’s he doing now? 8. Your clothes are wet. You should have taken /

must have taken an umbrella with you today.

4 Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.

1. We are going to study from 7.00 to 10.00 tomorrow. (At 8.00 tomorrow)

2. I’m sure that Julia got my message. (must) 3. First, Katie had breakfast and then she went to

school. (After) 4. Josh stopped smoking in 2006. (since) 5. We are finishing exams in June. (by the end of June) 6. Can Scott work now? (able) 7. It wasn’t a good idea to tell her about the accident.

(shouldn’t)

LooKing BacK Vocabulary1 Match a to B to form expressions.

a

1. deal with 2. clean up 3. set off 4. come up with 5. watch out

2 complete the passage with the words and phrases below.

urban•research•warn•playarole•solve•relativescouple•hire•gettoknow•safe•date

EXCUSE ME – DO I KNOW YOU? Times are changing in India. In the past, 1. ..... used to

2. ..... in deciding who a young person would marry. The 3. ..... often hardly knew each other, but they felt 4. ..... because their families had done a lot of 5. ..... before the wedding. Nowadays, many young people have moved from villages and small towns to 6. ..... areas where they don’t really know anyone. As a result, they often use Internet sites to find a 7. ..... . However, many feel that it is difficult to really 8. ..... a person on the Internet. In order to 9. ..... this problem, many young people have begun to 10. ..... detectives to do the job that their families once did. These detectives collect information about the other person, and can 11. ..... their client if they think there is a problem.

Culture Extra, page 117

B

a. for danger b. on a trip c. an idea d. a problem e. the house

Functional Language5 Match a to B to form sentences.

a

1. In both pictures, 2. I know what he looks like, but 3. We were enjoying the concert, but 4. He’s very outgoing so

B

a. he’s good at making friends. b. he’s wearing the same jacket. c. what’s he like? d. suddenly the music stopped.

Writing6 complete the sentences with the words and

expressions below.

luckily•moreover•eventually•before•inadditionto 1. My friend Eve plays the guitar very well. ..... , she has

got a beautiful voice.

2. ..... Ellie bought a second-hand car, she had asked a friend to check it for her.

3. ..... helping her husband with his business, Mrs Green is also a volunteer at the local hospital.

4. Chris arrived at the airport late. ..... , his flight didn’t leave on time.

5. Lucy didn’t know where her purse was. ..... she found it under her bed.

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