unit 4 belief systems. 1. definitions: - religion - social philosophy 2. beliefs of…. - animism,...
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Unit 4Belief Systems
Belief Systems
1. Definitions:- Religion- Social Philosophy
2. Beliefs of….- Animism, Shintoism, Taosim, Confucianism, Buddhism, Hinduism, Judaism, Islam, & Christianity
3. Expansion of…- Judaism, Christianity, Buddhism, & Islam
4. Map and Timeline
Map of World Belief Systems
Islam
JudaismChristianity
Animism
Hinduism
&
Buddhism
Confucianism Taoism
Shintoism
Timeline of Belief Systems
2100
1800
1500
1200
900
600
300
1300
600
900
Animism
Hinduism
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism
Shintoism
Important Terms
1. Religion: - Organized set of beliefs and rituals of a culture- Usually associated with a “god” (diety) or “spiritual force” (worship)
2. Social Philosophy:- A set of guiding principles that a community follows- They have a great influence on how the community behaves
System Origin Holy Text Main Beliefs Culture Affect
Animism Africa ------------ Ancestor Worship; Worship spirits of nature (trees, animals)
Great respect for nature
Shintoism Japan ------------ The Spirits of “Kami” exist in all things including their emperor
Great respect for natural world (especially the ruler)
Hinduism India Vedas Reincarnation Lead a good life
Buddhism India (moved to China)
------------ 4 Noble Truths Learn to accept what life brings you
Taoism China Tao Te Ching Follow nature: accept things you cant change
Don’t challenge the natural process
Confucianism China Analects All need to accept their role in society
Respect for elders, parents, and country
Judaism Middle East Torah (Old Testament)
1 God – MonotheismGod will send a messiah to save them
Follow the 10 Commandments so the messiah will come
Christianity Middle East Bible (Old/New Testament)
1 God; Jesus is the son of God and the messiah
Simple rules won many converts to Christianity
Islam Middle East Koran (Qur’an)
1 God; Follow Allah; Mohammed is the messiah who spread his word
The religion laws of Islam are so important that they become political laws of nations
Animism
Shintoism
Taoism
Confucianism
Hinduism
Buddhism
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
Expansion of Religion
Missionaries
Trade
Military Conquest
Exploration
BuddhismBegan in India but
was not accepted there (the Hindu social order was too strong)
Missionaries: people who spread religion by teaching others about the beliefs
Judaism Kicked out of Palestine
by the Romans
Removed from Palestine during the Diaspora – the scattering of the Jewish people during the 1st century CE
Most Jews went to the cities of Europe where they lived in ghettos, there was much persecution and oppression
ChristianityAfter the death of
Jesus, missionaries (disciples) spread his world
Roman Empire:◦Persecuted Christians◦Slowly accepted
Christian ideas◦Eventually became
the official religion◦Romans spread
Christianity throughout the empire
Islam
Out of Mecca, east to India, went across North Africa and on into Spain
Islam spread by military conquest
Arab (Muslims – followers of Islam) were also great traders
Essential Elements of Selected Belief Systems
HINDUISM: Important Terms
1. Reincarnation: The belief that the soul comes back in another form after the body’s death
2. Karma: Behavior of a Hindu (Thoughts & Actions)
3. Dharma: The overall values and rules of Hinduism
4. Caste System: The social order of separate castes (classes of people) through Karma – people move up or down the caste system which organized Indian society by the type of job a person held
BUDDHISM: “Four Noble Truths”
1. Everyone Suffers
2. Suffering is caused by Desire
3. To end suffering, End your desires
4. To end your desires – follow Eightfold Path to reach Nirvana (State of supreme bliss)
CONFUCIANISM: “5 Relationships”
1. Father to Son
2. Older Brother to Younger Brother
3. Husband to Wife
4. Ruler to Subjects
5. Friends = Friends
ISLAM: “5 Pillars of Faith”
1. Recite: Say each day “there is no God but Allah and Mohammed is his prophet”
2. Pray: 5 times a day, facing Mecca
3. Charity: Give regularly to the poor
4. Fast: Go without food or drink from sunrise to sunset during the Holy Month of Ramadan
5. Pilgrimage: Try to make a journey (hajj) to Mecca at least once in your life
Essential Questions
1. What concept – important to Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism – has become an important element of Chinese culture?
a. They accept what life brings themb. They accept their role in societyc. They don’t look for change
2. What do the religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam all have in common?
a. All started in the Middle Eastb. Jerusalem is a sacred city for all threec. Monotheism (belief in one God–same God)d. All follow ethical (morally good) set of
rules for behavior
Questions continued…..3. What are the various methods that were used to spread
religions to other lands?a. Missionariesb. Military conquestc. Traded. Migration- Diaspora – forced (Ex. Jews by the Romans)- Willing – (ex. Buddhism, Pilgrims to America)
4. What are 4 of the main principles of Confucianism?a. Education is important for a well run societyb. Government officials should be good role models for societyc. Everyone should know and accept their role in societyd. Respect your elders (Filial Piety)