unit 3b: the nullification crisis unit 3b: jacksonian democracy us history i - mr. sularz summit...
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Unit 3B: The Nullification Crisis
Unit 3B: Jacksonian Democracy
US History I - Mr. Sularz
Summit High School
Jackson’s AdministrationJackson’s Administration Spoils System
Reward political supporters with public office & jobs in government
Rotation in Office Remove office holders of
rival party Impact – mixed
Spoils System Reward political
supporters with public office & jobs in government
Rotation in Office Remove office holders of
rival party Impact – mixed
Jackson’s AdministrationJackson’s Administration The Cabinet
Mediocre, only Martin Van Buren with talent, rest clerks “yes” men & buddies of Jackson
Controversy, Scandal (Peggy Eaton Affair)
“Kitchen Cabinet” Advisors to the president,
consulted with & relied on more
The Cabinet Mediocre, only Martin Van
Buren with talent, rest clerks “yes” men & buddies of Jackson
Controversy, Scandal (Peggy Eaton Affair)
“Kitchen Cabinet” Advisors to the president,
consulted with & relied on more
Nullification Crisis -Facts to Consider: 1828 - Congress passes the highest
protective tariff in American history! “Tariff of Abominations”
1832 - The Clash of Northern & Southern economic intersts threatens civil war!
Federal powers vs. State powers President vs. the Vice President
Different Sections- different economic interests
North-Higher tariffs Protect industry
West-Low price for western lands Continued expansion
South-low tariffs Cotton prices remain the
same while northern manufactured goods have risen
John C. Calhoun Early career - nationalist Vice-President for J.Q.
Adams & Jackson Shift to states rights
activist - South Carolina Against Tariff -being
“slaves” to Northern Industrial interests The South Carolina
Exposition (1828) Published Anonymously
Theory of nullification
Nullification ConceptNullification Concept
US Constitution based on compact of 13 sovereign states
Being sovereign states had right to decided whether act of Congress was Constitutional
US Constitution based on compact of 13 sovereign states
Being sovereign states had right to decided whether act of Congress was Constitutional
If act was not, each state had right to declare law null
If states don’t have this right-majority might trample over minority rights
If act was not, each state had right to declare law null
If states don’t have this right-majority might trample over minority rights
“The most celebrated debates in the Senate’s history” (January 1830)
Sen. Daniel Sen. Daniel WebsterWebster[MA][MA]
Sen. Robert Sen. Robert HayneHayne[SC][SC]
Robert Hayne’s Main Points “Southern planters
slaves to Northern industrialists”
Rights of South destroyed & must be restored
Nullification is a safeguard of the minority interests
Daniel Webster’s Main Points“I go for the Constitution as it is & for the Union as it is- It’s the peoples Constitution & the peoples govt. made for the people, by the people, answerable to the people”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k5oZwHfpPVI
“Liberty & Union now & forever, inseparable”
Union more compact between sovereign states
National government supreme
Settle disputes in courts & electoral process
Jackson v. Calhoun
1830 White House Dinner (Came after Webster-Hayne Debate) Jackson:
• “Our Union: It must preserved!” Calhoun:
• “The Union, next to our liberty, most dear. May we always remember that it can only be preserved by distributing equally the benefits and burdens of Union.”
Political issue of Nullification – Calhoun’s “Exposition” public
Jackson v. Calhoun
2 personal issues of the past drove a rift between them 1818 - Calhoun thought Jackson should be punished for wild actions in
‘Spanish Florida’ (1830) Peggy Eaton Affair (1831)
Calhoun to resign as VP & runs for the senate from South Carolina (protect sectional interests)
1832 – Things heat up Still too high for S.C.
Nullification convention Nullified 1828 & 1832 No collection
Jackson sees that Nullification = treason
Jackson decides to pursue two options Congress passes the Force
Bill at Jackson’s request - nullified too
Work with Congress to come up with a resolution
Clay’s Compromise Compromise Tariff of
1833 - gradually reduce tariff by 10% in 10 years
S.C. repealed their ordinance of nullification
Crisis of secession is averted
Significance of the Nullification Crisis
Federal vs. State issues still not settled No clear winner in the issue Civil War - Cause? Prevent? Delay?