IT IS A FAST AND DEEP CHANGE THAT AFFECTS THE STRUCTURES OF A SOCIETY. MOREOVERACCELERATES THE HISTORICAL TRANSFORMATIONS

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION WAS THE CHANGE FROM AN AGRARIAN AND HANDICRAFT ECONOMY TO ONE MARKED BY THE INDUSTRY

.

IT BEGAN IN ENGLAND IN THE MID-EIGHTEENTH CENTURY (1750) AND LATER EXPANDED FOR MANY COUNTRIES IN EUROPE, USA AND JAPAN IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.

POLITIC SITUATION: -- Survival of the Old Regime that hindered the development Industrial, except in England

was the first country to introduce liberal ideas.-- Absolute monarchy that did not invest in industry. Only in luxury industries

The king only made absolutist laws that sought the advancement of society. high taxes on the bourgeoisie, not the nobility (this hampers investment).

ECONOMIC SITUATION:

-- ¾ of the population is engaged in agriculture. Subsistence farming that there wasn`t surplus to trade. Human and animal energy resources.

-- Guilds still existed. These were artisanal, just invested capital for development.Used a very rudimentary equipment and tools. There was little specialization of labor.

-- Trade: was just important long distance trade of luxury goods for the rich.Domestic trade was a disaster (bad communications, customs, etc)

SOCIAL SITUATION:

-- Most of the population were landless peasants who worked for a gentleman or a bourgeois in estates and their conditions were miserable.-- The cities were not yet important, most of the population lived in villages.-- The birth rate was very high and also mortality, so the population didn`t grew. There were many deaths due to poor development of medicine, hygiene and famine.

DOMESTIC SYSTEM

PUTTING OUT SYSTEM

FACTORY SYSTEM

OPENFIELDS ENCLOSURES

“BARBECHO” NORFOLK SYSTEM

OPENFIELDENCLOSURE

ENCLOSURE ACTS

TECHNICAL INNOVATIONS: PLANTER, HARVESTER, THRESHER

NEW FERTILIZERS.

SELECTIVE BREEDING CATTLE: DAILY MEAT CONSUMPTION.

INCREASED PRODUCTION

FOODSURPLUS

IMPROVEMENT IN FOOD

ECONOMICBENEFITS

REDUCTION IN MORTALITY

SURPLUS LABOR FIELD

PEASANT EMIGRATED O THE CITIES FOR WORK AS A INDUSTRIALWORKERS IN THE NEW FACTORIES

BIRTH RATEMORTALITY

RATE

1.- IMPROVEMENTS IN AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION2.- IMPROVED HYGIENE: SEWER, TOILET ...3. IMPROVEMENTS IN MEDICINE: VACCINES4. END OF EPIDEMIC5. PERIOD WITHOUT WAR

1. BROADER MARKET2. ABUNDANT WORKING HAND WORK

LIFE EXPECTANCY: FROM 38 YEARS TO 55 YEARS

IMPORTANCE AND PRESTIGE FOR TECHNICAL DEGREES

HUMAN STRENGTHPOWER ANIMALHYDRAULIC POWER

STEAM ENGINEINVENTED BY JAMES WATT FACTORY SYSTEM DIVISION Y EXPERTISE

IT WAS THE PIONEERING INDUSTRY.WHY?

DEMAND FOR CLOTHESNEW POPULATION

LARGE COLONYFABRICS AT LOW PRICES

TEXTILE INDUSTRYTWO PROCESSES

SPINNING

WEAVING

MAIN TECHNICALS INNOVATIONS

1733: KAY– SHUTTLE WHEEL1785: CARTWRIGHT– MECHANICAL LOOM

1765: HARGREAVES– SPINNING JENNY1767: ARKWRIGHT– WATER FRAME1779: CROMPTON– MULE JENNY

SHUTTLE WHEEL MANUAL LOOM MECHANICAL LOOM

SPINNING JENNY WATER FRAME MULE JENNY

CHART OF INDUSTRIAL GROWTH IN TEXTILE SECTOR DUE TO NEW TECHNICAL INNOVATIONS.

IT WAS ANOTHER PIONEERING INDUSTRY. ¿WHY?

NEW TOOLS

NEW MACHINES

RAILWAY

MAIN TECHNICAL INNOVATIONS IN THE STEEL INDUSTRY

PUDDLE TECHNIC FORIRON BY HENRY CORT

BESSEMER CONVERTER

THE RAILWAY

IT IS IMPORTANT TO HAVE A GOOD COMMUNICATION NETWORK ENGLAND HAS AN APPROPRIATE RELIEF: PAVED ROADS. INTENSE RAINFALL ARE DOING THEIR RIVERS WATERWAY INVENTION OF RAILWAY.

WAGONS USED TO TRANSPORT COAL

STEPHENSON INVENTED THE STEAM LOCOMOTIVE

WAGON + LOCOMOTIVERAILWAY

CONSEQUENCESREDUCTION IN TIME TRAVELLOWER COSTS PRODUCTIONINDUSTRIAL GROWTH AND TRADE

THE RAILWAY

STEAM BOAT

SAILING BOAT STEAM BOAT

CREATE A NEW COMPANYBUY NEW EQUIPMENTEXPANDING COMPANY

ASK FOR MONEY TO FAMILYASK FOR MONEY TO BANKSTO CREATE AN ANONYMOUS SOCIETY

HOW?

ANONYMOUS SOCIETY

BANKS

SAVERSCOMPANIES

OPERATION OF A BANK

SAVERS KEEP THE MONEY IN THE BANKIN EXCHANGE FOR INTERESTS.THE BANK LEND MONEY TO COMPANIESIN EXCHANGE FOR INTERESTS.

CHRONOLOGY: FROM 1870 TO 1914 BRITAIN LOSES HIS ROLE

ELECTRICITY OIL

• VOLTE INVENTED THE BATTERY• GRAMME INVENTED THE DYNAMO• EDISON INVENTED THE LIGHT BULB• FIRST POWER PLANTS

PHONE, TELEGRAPH,RADIOSUBWAY Y TRAMLIGHTING HOUSES AND STREETS

COMBUSTION ENGINE (BENZ)EXPLOSION ENGINE( DIESEL)GASOLINE, DIESEL AND KEROSENE

IMPORTANCE IN THE AUTOMOTIVE

THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY- DYE- EXPLOSIVES- FERTILIZERS- MEDICINES--CAUCHO--ETC

NEW STEEL INDUSTRY-- NICKEL-- STAINLESS STEEL-- ALUMINUM

THE FOOD INDUSTRY-- CANS-- INDUSTRIAL FRIDGES

TAYLORISM

FORDISM

EXPERTISE AND DIVISION OF LABOR

TIMING TIME

QUANTITY PRODUCTION

CHAIN ASSEMBLY

TAYLOR

FORD

ESTATE SOCIETY

CLASS SOCIETY

-- END OF THE PRIVILEGES

-- LEGAL EQUALITY

-- SAME RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS

-- BASED ON THE WEALTH

WORKERS HOUSING BOURGEOISE HOUSING

DEFINITION: INITIATIVES UNDERTAKEN BY THE WORKERS TRYING TO IMPROVE THEIR LIVING CONDITIONS. CAME IN INDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES MORE

LUDDITE

--DESTRUCTION MACHINES

CHARTISM

TRADE UNIONS

FRIENDLY SOCIETIES

FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTIONS FOR MUTUAL AID WORKERS.

UNEMPLOYMENT, SICKNESS ORWIDOWHOOD