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Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function Assignment

Provide full detail and be specific for full marks.

1. How do these organelles work together? 2 marks each = 10 marks

a. lysosomes and vacuoles

When material such as bacteria and viruses enter the cell into a vacuole, the lysosomes inside

the cell can fuse with the vacuole and digest the contents with its hydrolytic enzymes.

b. endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus

Proteins synthesized at the RER and lipids from the SER are transported to the Golgi body via

vesicles and are packaged, modified, assembled and secreted there.

c. centrioles and cilia

Centrioles are made of a 9+0 pattern of microtubules and give rise to the basal bodies with then

organize the formation of the 9+2 pattern of microtubules in cilia and flagella.

d. ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum

Ribosomes are on the surface of the ER forming RER where protein synthesis takes place; these

proteins then enter the lumen of the ER to be packaged into vesicles and transported throughout

the cell or to the Golgi body.

e. chloroplast and mitochondria

The chloroplast does photosynthesis and produces glucose and oxygen which can then be used

by the mitochondria in plants for cellular respiration and ATP production.

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2. For the following organelles, relate the structure to the function.

2 marks each = 6 marks

a) mitochondrion

Double membrane where inner form the cristae providing a high surface area for cellular

respiration and therefore, ATP production

b) nucleus

Centrally located to control all cell functions, and double membrane to form pores to transport

molecules in and out of the cell; outer membrane forms the ER channels and tubules.

c) rough endoplasmic reticulum

Studded with ribosomes and extensive folding of channels and tubules to provide lots of surface

area for protein synthesis.

3. Compare and contrast Active and Facilitated transport (provide at least 5 comparisons).

5 marks

Passive Transport Active Transport

Does NOT require ATP

Does require ATP

Small molecules and non-polar molecules

transported

Small, polar molecules and ions along with

large molecules transported

May involve the use of only the

phospholipid bilayer but can include

channels and carriers

May require the use of carriers

Vesicles not required in the transport

Vesicles may be required to transport

molecules in or out of cell

Molecules usually travel from a high to low

concentration

Molecules usually travel against the

concentration gradient

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4. Label the following

diagram and provide a

function of each.

5 marks

A__Receptor protein – allows molecule to attach and cause a change in the cell__

B_Glycoprotein – involved in cell-to-cell recognition_

C__Protein Channel – allows facilitated, passive transport of specific molecules in and

out of the cell_

D__Phospholipid bilayer – creates a cell barrier and regulates the movement of

molecules__

E_Cholesterol – helps to stiffen the membrane of the cell__

5. Name and describe the process by which a WBC engulfs and destroys a bacterial cell.

4 marks

____The White Blood Cell engulf the bacteria by phagocytosis and the vacuole inside the

cell with then have lysosomes that fuse with distributing their hydrolytic enzymes to

digest the bacteria__

A

B

C

D

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6.

Describe what you think will occur in the dialysis tubing and in the solution of the

beaker. Be specific and explain for each of the substances present, include water.

3 marks

___Osmosis of water from the beaker into the dialysis tubing due to the sucrose

concentration and may cause the tube to swell. Sucrose molecules are too large to diffuse

but the concentration inside decreases while the outside increases due to osmosis. The

glucose will diffuse from the inside of the tube to the outside into the beaker causing the

concentration the decrease inside and increase outside of the tube.__

7. Suppose you have a thistle tube separated at the center by a semipermiable membrane

which is permeable to water and glucose only. On the left side of the membrane is a 10%

glucose solution and 9% starch solution. On the right side of the membrane is a 30%

glucose solution and 2% starch solution. What will happen to the concentrations glucose

and starch on each side over time?

8. Label the following diagrams.

_Initially, osmosis of water will occur from the left

side to the right side; however, as glucose diffuses

from right to left to increase the concentration on

the left and decrease on the right, starch becomes

the factor for osmosis. Since starch is too large to

diffuse, water will move by osmosis from the right

to the left causing the starch concentration to

decrease on the left and increase on the right._ 2 marks

10% Glucose 9% Starch

30% Glucose 2% Starch

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8. Label the following diagrams. 2 marks each = 4 marks.

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