unit 3 revolution to constitution. section 1 – road to revolution

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Unit 3 Revolution to Constitution

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Unit 3Revolution

toConstitution

Section 1 – Road to Revolution

Jeffrey Amherst

Pontiac

Review: Proclamation of 1763

• Colonials were forbidden to settle west of the line

• Colonials already settled west of the line were ordered to remove themselves at once

• 10,000 British troops were sent to the colonies to enforce the law

• Attempt to gain better control of colonists

No taxation without representation!

Sons of Liberty

Charles Townshend

Writs of assistance

Colonists supported the boycott

of the non-importation agreements

Townshend Acts were repealed on

everything but Tea

Samuel Adams

Patrick Henry

• Amendment 3– Lodging Troops in Private Homes

• Limits the government’s right to use private homes to house soldiers – must have consent of the owner

Crispus Attucks

John Adams

England’s King George III

Tea Act of 1773

• Gave the British East India Company a monopoly

• To put smugglers out of business

• Lowered the price of tea for colonists

Samuel Adams John Hancock

Boston Tea Party

Taxation Summary

• British Parliament passed acts to:– Pay for the French and Indian War– Pay for colonial defense and administration– Regain control over the colonists

• Colonists thought these actions infringed upon their rights as English citizens

• Parliament passed Coercive Acts in 1774

• Colonists called these the Intolerable Acts

– Parliament shut down the port of Boston– Set up new charter (system of govt) for Mass.– Passed new Quartering Act

• Amendment 1– Freedoms of Religion, Speech, Press,

Assembly, and Petition• Protects 5 basic rights

• Amendment 3– Lodging Troops in Private Homes

• Limits the government’s right to use private homes to house soldiers – must have consent of the owner

Added because of Quartering Acts passed by England for the colonies

First Continental Congress

• Boycott all British goods

• Stop exporting goods to Britain

Thomas Gage

Paul Revere

John Parker Statue in Lexington

Ralph Waldo Emerson

“The shot heard round the world.”

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

“Now listen my children and you shall hear of the midnight ride of Paul Revere.”

Section 2 – The American Revolution

Patrick Henry

“Give me liberty or give me death.”

American Revolution began on April 19, 1775at Lexington and Concord

1775 England ColoniesWeapons & supplies Had all they needed Next to none

Armies Biggest in world Next to none

Navy Largest in world None

Money Richest in world

(biggest country)

Next to nothing

Biggest advantage Americans had: fighting on their own soil, they knew the terrain.

Green Mountain Boysled by

Ethan Allen

First big battle of the American Revolution

• Fort Ticonderoga– Colonists got their first cannon here– Control of key route into Canada

Second Continental Congress

Olive Branch Petition

Continental Army

George Washington

Battle of Bunker Hill (Breed’s Hill)

Colonel British General William Prescott William Howe

Battle of Bunker Hill (Breed’s Hill)

“Don’t shoot until you see

the whites of their eyes!”

Richard Montgomery Benedict Arnold

Thomas Paine wrote Common Sense

independence

John Adams Benjamin Franklin

Robert Livingston Roger Sherman

Thomas Jefferson

“Father” of the

Declaration of

Independence

John Hancock

Declaration of Independence

3 main parts1. Basic rights upon which the United States of

America was founded

2. British wrongs were listed to show why the

colonists had the right to rebel

3. An independent nation – the Declaration proclaimed the colonies had become the

United States of America

• As a free and independent nation, the U.S. could make alliances and trade with other countries.

• Patriots– People who wanted colonists to win

the revolution

• Loyalists– People who wanted England to win

the revolution

Nathan Hale

“I only regret

that I have but

one life to lose

for my country.”

Thomas Paine wrote The Crisis

Washington Crossing the Delaware River

British General Charles Cornwallis

• The British changed their strategy

– To stop the flow of soldiers and supplies to Gen. Washington

“Gentleman Johnny” Burgoyne

Benjamin Franklin

• Sent by Continental Congress to Paris in 1776

• His mission:

To persuade French King Louis XVI to help the Americans

• Wanted help from France

– Weapons

– Supplies

• Wanted France to declare war on Britain

– France had a strong navy

Continental Congress

France

• Still angry with Britain over defeat in French and Indian War

• King did not want to openly help Americans unless they could win

• Victory at Saratoga convinced France to become an ally of the U.S.

France

• February 1778, France became first nation to sign a treaty with U.S.

– Recognized U.S. as a nation

– Agreed to provide military aid

European Help

• France declared war on England

• Spain declared war on England

• Holland declared war on England

Marquis de Lafayette

Thaddeus Kosciusko

Casimir Pulaski

Bernardo de Galvez

Friedrich von Steuben

Martha Washington

Appalachian Mountains

Lexington

Louisville

George Rogers Clark

Kaskaskia

Cahokia

John Paul Jones

“I have not yet

begun to fight!”

Bonhomme Richard

Final battles of the American Revolution were fought in the South

Benedict Arnold

Francis Marion – The Swamp Fox

Nathanael Greene

British GeneralCornwallis

surrenders atYorktown

Oct. 17, 1781

John Adams Benjamin Franklin

John Jay Henry Laurens

Treaty of Paris

• Britain recognized U.S. as independent nation

• U.S. borders extended from Atlantic Ocean to Mississippi River

• Florida was returned to Spain

• Americans agreed to ask state legislatures to pay Loyalists for property they lost during the war

Treaty of Paris

• Ratified by Congress on April 15, 1783

American Revolution – Causes & Effects

CAUSES1. Proclamation of 1763 stops colonists from moving west.

2. Parliament taxes the colonies to pay British war debts.

3. Intolerable Acts set up harsh rule in Massachusetts.

EFFECTS1. Colonies declare independence.

2. Britain recognizes U.S. independence.

3. U.S. borders extend to Florida and to Mississippi River.

4. George Washington emerges as a leader.

James Madison Edmund Randolph

The Articles of Confederation The Constitution

• Unicameral– Each state one vote

• 9 of 13 states approve laws

• No executive branch

• No judicial branch

• Only states can tax• Each state can coin money• Each state can regulate trade

with other states• Each state can act

independently

• Bicameral– Senate and House of Reps

• Majority of each house approves laws

• Executive branch, headed by President, carries out laws

• Judicial branch, headed by Supreme Court, interprets laws

• Congress can tax• Only Congress can coin

money• Only Congress can regulate

trade between states• States accept Constitution as

supreme law of land

Wrote theFederalist Papers

James Madison Alexander Hamilton John Jay

George Washington John Adams 1st President 1st Vice President

Timeline Review

• 1775: Second Continental Congress– First met in response to the Intolerable Acts– Governed the U.S. for 6 years

• 1781: Articles of Confederation– Effective March 1– Power to:

• Have an army• Declare war• Deal with Native Americans• Start a mail service• Borrow money• Ask states for money to run national

government

Timeline Review

• 1781: Articles of Confederation– Trouble right away

• No power to:– Tax people to raise money– Settle arguments between states– Control trade among states

• Large states angry that smaller states had same amount of power in Congress

• 1783: Treaty of Paris– Ended American Revolution

Timeline Review

• 1787: Constitutional Convention

– In June, George Washington headed meeting of leaders in Philadelphia to improve Articles of Confederation

– They decided instead to write a new plan for government

– James Madison, historian

Timeline Review

• 1787: Constitutional Convention

– Three-fifths (3/5) Compromise

– Allowed slave trade for at least 20 years

– On September 17, the new Constitution of U.S. was completed

– James Madison – Father of U.S. Constitution

James Madison

• Constitutional Convention historian

• Father of U.S. Constitution

Wrote theFederalist Papers

defending the Constitution

James Madison Alexander Hamilton John Jay

Timeline Review

• 1787: Constitution– Thomas Jefferson suggested adding Bill of Rights

• To help protect rights of Americans

– 9 of 13 states had to ratify Constitution for it to become effective

• 1789: U.S. Constitution Ratified– Became the law

– George Washington became 1st President on April 30

George Washington John Adams 1st President 1st Vice President

George Washington had great power, but not nearly as much as a king

• Amendment 1– Freedoms of Religion, Speech, Press,

Assembly, and Petition• Protects 5 basic rights• This amendment has caused great debate about

“separation of church and state” in the teaching of evolution versus “intelligent design” in public schools

European Help

Thaddeus Kosciusko

Bernardo de Galvez

Marquis de Lafayette

Friedrich von Steuben

Casimir Pulaski

French

Prussian

Mexican

Polish

Mary Ludwig Hays (Molly Pitcher)

Deborah Sampson

British GeneralCornwallis

surrenders atYorktown