unit 3 pumps

7/31/2019 Unit 3 Pumps

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PUMPSGROUP I

PELN YETEMYEN

ASLI AK

HANDE ZENGN

ESRA SEVN


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PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Pump Terminology

Pump Classification:

- Reciprocating Pumps

- Rotary Pumps- Centrifugal Pumps

Pumping Problems

Power and Efficiency Calculations

Pump Selection


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PUMP TERMINOLOGY

Pumping, the addition of energy to a fluid

Pumping action creates a partial vacuum while

atmospheric pressure forces liquid up.

Pump performance, specified in terms of Q andH:

)()22

()(/

22

,,

sdsdgsgd ZZg

V

g

VPPtQH


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Displacement,the discharge of a fluid from a

vessel Centrifugal Force,used to produce kinetic

energy


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PISTON PUMPS

PLUNGER PUMPS

DIAPHRAGM PUMPS

RECIPROCATING PUMPS

GEAR PUMPS

LOBE PUMPS

SCREW PUMPS

CAM PUMPS

VANE PUMPS

ROTARY PUMPS

POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

PUMPS


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PISTON PUMPS

PLUNGER PUMPS

DIAPHRAGM PUMPS

RECIPROCATING PUMPS

Two valves and one stuffing box

A rotating mechanism for thereciprocating piston

Uses suction to raise liquid intothe chamber.


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Two ball check valves on each side

Low pressure on the upward part,

high pressure on the downward part

PISTON PUMPS

PLUNGER PUMPS

DIAPHRAGM PUMPS

RECIPROCATING PUMPS


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Rod is moved to push and pull

the diaphragm. Can be used to make artificial

hearts.

PISTON PUMPS

PLUNGER PUMPS

DIAPHRAGM PUMPS

RECIPROCATING PUMPS


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ROTARY PUMPS

Positive displacement type

High pressure, high efficiency

Liquids must be free of solids

Handle viscous fluids

Used mainly in, oil burners, soaps andcosmetics, sugars, syrup, and molasses,dyes, ink, bleaches, vegetable andmineral oils


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GEAR PUMPS

LOBE PUMPS

SCREW PUMPS

CAM PUMPS

VANE PUMPS

ROTARY PUMPS

Gears create voids as they come outof mesh and liquid flows into the

cavities

As the gears come back into mesh,the volume is reduced and the liquidis forced out of the discharge port


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GEAR PUMPS

LOBE PUMPS

SCREW PUMPS

CAM PUMPS

VANE PUMPS

ROTARY PUMPS

As the teeth come out ofmesh, liquid flows into the

pump and is carried betweenthe teeth and the casing to thedischarge side of the pump

The teeth come back into

mesh and the liquid is forcedout the discharge port


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Fluid is carried between the

rotor teeth and the pumpingchamber

The rotor surfaces createcontinuous sealing

Rotors include bi-wing, tri-lobe, and multi-lobeconfigurations

GEAR PUMPS

LOBE PUMPS

SCREW PUMPS

CAM PUMPS

VANE PUMPS

ROTARY PUMPS


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Screw pumps carry fluid in the

spaces between the screw threads. The fluid is displaced axially as the

screws mesh.

GEAR PUMPS

LOBE PUMPS

SCREW PUMPS

CAM PUMPS

VANE PUMPS

ROTARY PUMPS


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Piston slide arm movesaround inside a slot in thecasing.

An eccentric cam rotates thecircular plunger (shown ingray) around the edge of thecasing, fluid is swirled around

the edge to the outlet port. It is not in use now and is

mainly of historical curiosity.

GEAR PUMPS

LOBE PUMPS

SCREW PUMPS

CAM PUMPS

VANE PUMPS

ROTARY PUMPS


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GEAR PUMPS

LOBE PUMPS

SCREW PUMPS

CAM PUMPS

VANE PUMPS

ROTARY PUMPS

The vanes are in slots in the rotor.

Rotor spins, centrifugal force pushesthe vanes out to touch the casing,where they trap and propel fluid.


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CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

WHAT IS CENTRIFUGAL PUMP? WORKING MECHANISM OF A CENTRIFUGAL

PUMP

ADVANTEGAES AND DISADVANTAGES OF

CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS


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WHAT IS CENTRIFUGAL PUMP?

Convert the mechanical energy intohydraulic energy by centrifugal forceon the liquid

Constitute the most common type ofpumping machinery

Used to move liquids through a pipingsystem

Has two main components:

1. Stationary componets, casing,casing cover and bearings

2. Rotating components, impeller andshaft

Classified into three categories ;Radial Flow, Mixed Flow, Axial Flow


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WORKING MECHANISM OF A

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

Simplest piece of equipmentin any process plant

Energy changes occur byvirtue of impeller and volute

Liquid is fed into the pump atthe center of a rotatingimpeller and thrown outwardby centrifugal force

The conversion of kinetic

energy into pressure energysupplies the pressuredifference between thesuction side and delivery sideof the pump

Liquid flow path inside acentrifugal pump


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ADVANTAGES OF CENTRIGUGAL

PUMPS

Advantages

Simple in construction and cheap

Handle liquid with large amounts of solids

No metal to metal fits

No valves involved in pump operation Maintenance costs are lower


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DISADVANTAGES OF

CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

Disadvantages

Cannot handle highly viscous fluids efficiently

Cannot be operated at high heads

Maximum efficiency holds over a narrow range ofconditions


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PUMPING PROBLEMS

Cavitation

Reduces the pump capacity

Causes metal removal

reduced flowloss in efficiency

and noise

To avoid cavitation NPSH


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POWER AND EFFICIENCY

CALCULATIONS

The power supplied to the pump:

Where m=mass flow rate, kg/s

H= total discharge head, N.m/kg=efficiency

(1)


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The power delivered to the fluid:

(2)

From equations (1) and (2) efficiency:


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PUMP SELECTION

The amount of fluid

The properties of the fluid

Type of power supply

Cost and mechanical efficiency of the pump


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CAPACITY

LOW HIGH

GEAR LOBE CENTRIFUGAL

PRESSURE

SMALL ORMODERATE

MODERATEOR HIGH

ROTARY

PLUNGER

or

ROTARYPISTON

RECIPROCATINGor

RIGID SCREW

HIGHER


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REFERENCES

1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pump

2. www.cheresources.com

3. www.pumpworld.com/contents.htm4. www.rpi.edu./dept/chem-eng/

Biotech-Environ/PUMPS/intro.html


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Thanksfor listening

unit 3 pumps

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