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EXAMPLE DATA: Pre-1880 total number of individuals =25 M, 25 F Pre-1880 Survivorship:

Age 0-4 Deaths = 1 male, 1 female

Age 0-4 Male Survivors =24

Age 0-4 Female Survivors = 24

Age 0-4 Male Survivorship = 24/25= 96%

Age 0-4 Female Survivorship = 24/25 = 96%

NAME: PERIOD: __________________

UNIT 3: POPULATION GROWTH LAB ACTIVITY

Population Distribution & Survivorship - Grizzly Cemetery

Background: Most individuals do not reach the maximum life span of their species. The ratio of age at death to the surviving portion of a population is a function of the species (and for humans –their

cultural and socio-economic conditions). A survivorship curve shows the probability that an individual of a particular species.

PRE-LAB: 1. What does a survivorship curve show?

2. Describe the three types of survivorship curves.

Type I :

Type II :

Type III :

3. Do you think human survivorship curves have changed in the past 200 years? How?

PROCEDURE: Work in pairs to sort through pictures of tombstones. You will get a separate handout with data

tables to fill out as pair. These are tombstones from a cemetery in Santa Ana, CA. Tables 1 and 2

1. Collect and record the data from the Grizzly Cemetery pictures in your bag. a. Record all individuals born before 1900 in Table 1, columns A, B, and C b. Record all individuals born 1900 or after in Table 2, columns A, B, and C.

2. Calculate the age at death for each individual. Record in column D on each table. Tables 3 and 4 ( last 2 pages of this packet)

3. DEATHSUsing Tables 1 and 2, count the number of individuals who died in each 5-year age group (ex. If 4 people died at an age between 15 and 19, enter 4).

a. For pre-1900 birth, RECORD your group data in Table 3, columns B (males) and E (females). b. Repeat for the post-1900 and later births. RECORD your group data in Table 4,

columns B (males) and E (females). c. TRANSFER your data to the class data sheet

STOP ! You have to wait for all groups to finish putting their data in the spreadsheet before you can copy down class data

d. COPY class data into C and H on Table 4

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Graph -One graph per person Your graph should be neat and show your data clearly.

1. Create 1 graph using the data from : Pre 1900 AND post 1900 Plot your survivorship curves data sets (Tables 3 and 4, columns E and J) by age group on

one graph. You will have 4 lines.

2. Connect the data points to create pre- and post-1900 survivorship curves for males and females 3. Use different colors for each data set

Tips for creating your graph: include a key o Title your graph (i.e Comparision of Deaths Rates, etc..) o Make sure you clearly label the axes of the graph.

▪ # of deaths should be on ‘Y” ▪ ages should be on the “X” .

o The numbers on the axes must increase by the same amount & be equally spaced.

o Combine the data (male and female death rates) for each data set.

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ANALYSIS: 1. Overall, how did the pre-1880 and post-1900 survivorship curves differ? Why?

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2. Provide some possible biological/historical/societal causes for any differences you see in the survivorship curves.

For example, was there a major disease at the time? War? Change in attitude towards family sizes?

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3. Overall, how did the male and female survivorship curves differ in both time periods? Why? _______________________________________________________________________________________________

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4. In which time period were there more infant and child mortality/deaths (ages 1-15)? Hypothesize why this is. _______________________________________________________________________________________________

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5. Do baby boys or baby girls have a higher death rate? Hypothesize a reason for this.

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6. In which time period did women have a longer life expectancy than men? Hypothesize a reason for this.

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7. In which time period did more women die in their 20s and 30s? Hypothesize a reason for this. _______________________________________________________________________________________________

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8. Which time period had more old people? What societal and economic issues arise from this? (Think about the video from Japan or what’s in your textbook) _______________________________________________________________________________________________

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9. These pictures were from a cemetery in Santa Ana, which is in a developed country. In what ways could the data from the 1900s be like a developing country of today? _______________________________________________________________________________________________

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10. What shifts in survivorship curves would you expect to see if cutbacks to social services such as prenatal and infant care are enacted? Explain why. _______________________________________________________________________________________________

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11. How could survivorship curves be used to make judgments about environmental and health conditions in a country? _______________________________________________________________________________________________

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12. If you collected data for 100 more years, what do you think the survivorship curves would show? Would life expectance increase or decrease? Why? _______________________________________________________________________________________________

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