Unit 3 Unit 3 GenderGender DifferencesDifferences

outline

• Part one: gender differences: -a broad exploration from different dimensions

• Part two: reading-centered activities

ICR: intensive reading

ACR: students-centered activity

• Part there: further development --language enhancement --thematic study (listening practices)

Part one: Part one: a a broadbroad explorationexploration on gender on gender

differencesdifferences of of Biological and socialBiological and social characteristics characteristics

-women are from Venus and men are -women are from Venus and men are from Marsfrom Mars

-femininity & masculinity -femininity & masculinity

Concerning Concerning sexismsexism (gender / sex (gender / sex discrimination)discrimination)

Concerning Concerning feminismfeminism: :

A. femininity & masculinity

• Biological characteristics -E1: P92-93 as a fast reading exercise • Social characteristics -Stereotypes of women and men -E2: Step one P93 — more

Stereotypes, or not?

Feminine qualities (femininity)

• Tender• Gentle • Soft• Weak• Shy• Timid• Dependent• Sensitive• Neat and clean• Delicate• Cautious• Careful• considerate • Caring and loving • Sympathetic / compassionate• Tolerant

Masculine qualities (masculinity)

• Strong• Brave• Bold• Courageous • Adventurous• Independent• vigorous• Creative• Confident• Persistent• Competent• Dominating• Manipulative

A woman has an inner animus, a man an inner anima

E2 More of characteristics of men or women

• ___ 1) They talk to exchange information.• ___ 2) they talk to express feelings.• ___ 3) they need to be alone sometimes. Every

now and then, especially when under stress, they need to retreat to their “cave” and do not want to be disturbed.

• ___ 4) They are goal-oriented problems solvers.• ___ 5) naturally and cyclically their moods go

through thighs and lows.• ___ 6) They tend to use dramatic expressions

such as “you ALWAYS forget” or “you never listen to me.

B. sexism (gender / sex discrimination)

The Angel in the House The Angel in the House is a narrative poem by Co

ventry Patmore, first published in 1854 and expanded up until 1862. Although largely ignored upon publication, it became enormously popular during the later nineteenth century and its influence continued well into the twentieth. The poem was an idealised account of Patmore's courtship of his first wife, Emily, whom he believed to be the perfect woman.

Following the publication of Patmore's poem, the term angel in the house came to be used in reference to women who embodied the Victorian feminine ideal: a wife and mother who was selflessly devoted to her children and submissive to her husband

Critics of The Angle in the House

Virginia Woolf satirized the ideal of femininity depicted in the poem, writing that "She [the perfect wife] was intensely sympathetic. She was im mensely charming. She was utterly unselfish. She excelled in the difficult arts of family life. She sacrificed daily. If there was a chicken, she took the leg; if there was a draught she sat in it ... Above all, she was pure." (Woolf, 1966: 2, 285)

She added that she "bothered me and wasted my time and so tormented me that at last I killed her" (Woolf, 1966: 2, 285).

Nel Noddings views her as "infantile, weak and mindless"

(1989: 59). Charlotte Perkins Gilman wrote a short essay entitled The

Extinct Angel in which she described the angel in the house as being as dead as the dodo (Gilman, 1891: 200).

… • Draught: 通风口 infantile 幼稚的 dodo 落伍的人 , 愚

蠢之人

feminism

C. Feminism Lead-in questions:

• Who are the angels in the house as far as your observation is concerned?

• As a female, have you ever been excluded from “serious conversations” by males.

• As a male, have you ever turned a deaf ear to female’ ideas?• What questions do your neighbors and relatives ask you most frequently

(about your life and ideas?)? • Are you aware that you (either as a man or woman) mock female more

for their “inappropriate” words, “exaggerated” gestures, “funny” looking, or failed actions? Not to mention women are more harshly criticized for being disloyal to marriage.

• Do you know that there’s a pay gap between male workers and female workers in many cases because the employer claim that men have to support a family and women’s work are generally more unskilled in factories?

• Are you aware that your mother might have been an extraordinary person in some area had she not had to take care of the family and you and therefore lost her optimum opportunity to improve herself?

• Have you ever realize that many girl do not succeed in their career because they are not trusted as giving a priority to the work than to the family?

• Have you ever thought that the society is demanding equal performance in work of men and women but giving them unequal social responsibilities (women are double workers)?

• Have you realize that many men claim they sympathize women for being discriminated for their sex but in life they can’t help discriminating women by using impolite and disrespectful words without even being aware of that?

• Have you ever found that many men who treat their wives fairly and nicely think that they do so because they are greater men not because it should be so?

• Have you ever noticed that many girls claim that they don’t care about gender equality because they believe a feminist tone would lead to a lonely life without a marriage or without an ideal marriage?

• Have you ever heard that many people (both men and women) despise what they thought are “feminism talking” because they thought sex equality is too much to ask for, considering that women’s immediate task is to take care of their family instead of thinking about anything “unrealistic” or “ridiculous”?

• Have you even seen those mocking face when they hearing you putting a serious voice on gender problems?

Explanations for terminologies:

• Feminism is a collection of movements aimed at defining, establishing and defending equal political, economic, and social rights and equal opportunities for women. Its concepts overlap with those of women's rights.

Feminism is mainly focused on women's issues, but because feminism seeks gender equality, some feminists argue that men's liberation is therefore a necessary part of feminism, and that men are also harmed by sexism and gender roles.

Feminists—that is, persons practicing feminism—can be persons of either sex. (In what cases can be a man a feminist?)

The feminist movement (also known as the Women's Movement, Women's Liberation, or Women's Lib) refers to a series of campaigns for reforms on issues such as reproductive rights, domestic violence, maternity leave, equal pay, women's suffrage, sexual harassment and sexual violence.

The movement began in the western world in the late 18th century and has gone through three waves:

• First wave was oriented around the station of middle or upper-class white women, and involved suffrage and political equality. – Iron Jawed Angels

• Second-wave feminism attempted to further combat social and cultural inequalities. – Made in Dagenham China Today

• Third-wave feminism (c.1980-c.1990) includes renewed campaigning for women’s greater influence in politics. –PBS: now special -- Women, Power and Politics

• What are the young generation doing for feminism? (-Reinvent Feminism)

RecommendationsSpeeches TEDtalk: lots of --Poem of war, peace, women, power--Our century’s greatest injustice --Reinvent feminism

Documentaries--China Today: Women in China --PBS NOW Special - Women, Power and Politics (2008.PDTV.SoS) --more (to explore independently)

Movies:-Iron Jawed Angel 00:21:00 01:16:00 01:33: 00-Made in Dagenham

…

Recommendations

Institutions • psychology of Women Quarterly • Science daily: gender differences http://www.sciencedaily.com/search/?keyword=

gender+differences• Eldis: http://www.eldis.org/go/topics/resource-guides/gender• Coe: stop domestic violence against violence http://

www.coe.int/t/dc/campaign/stopviolence/default_en.asp?• 李银河博客： http://liyinhe.vip.bokee.com/

(to explore for more independently)

People In China: 李银河 Of western literary world: Jane Austen; Virginia Woolf (google “Virginia Woolf as feminist”)

(to explore for more independently)

Iron Jawed Angles..a 2004 film about the

American women's suffrage movement during the 1910s.

..follows political activists Alice Paul and Lucy Burns as they use peaceful and effective strategies, tactics, and dialogues to revolutionize the American feminist movement to grant women the right to vote.

Made in Dagenham..2010 British film..dramatises the Ford sewing machinists strike of 1968 that aimed for e

qual pay for women.

Reading-centered activitiesReading-centered activities

——NOT really about NOT really about femininity or masculinityfemininity or masculinity——NOT really about NOT really about Feminism or feminist movementFeminism or feminist movement

ss——NOT about *NOT about *gender discourse (of *metacognition)gender discourse (of *metacognition)

But to make some points concerningBut to make some points concerning sexism / sex inequitysexism / sex inequity in in public spherepublic sphere and and domestic idomestic i

nteractionnteraction -ICR; ACR1-ICR; ACR1sociology sociology & & brain sciencebrain science on gender differences: on gender differences: -feminine / masculine--genetic or cultural? -feminine / masculine--genetic or cultural? ICR; AICR; A

CR1 CR1 -Nature or nurture? -Nature or nurture? ACR2ACR2

ICR

Gender Roles

from a Cultural Perspective

Q&APara 1 We are programmed to be male and female in the pro

cess of growing up. --How can you interpret this saying after reading para

1?para 2 How does the author support his argument that “ther

e is a cultural bias in education that favors boys over girls”?

para 3&4 In what ways do the teachers (knowingly or unknowi

ngly) exert their sex-bias in education?Para 5 How does home education mold children’s gender-i

dentification?

Further questions

What do you think you can change as an individual with regards to gender inequity in the future? Elaborate your answers from the perspectives mentioned in the passage.

What’s new on your mind in respect of your own gender ROLE?

Language study

New words Sentences Exercises

Bias & sexist P97

Bias: n Bias: v

Sexist – nonsexist Sexism

Reminder: racism & racist

---(sex) biased: adj

Femininity / Masculinity

Feminine & masculine: P97-98

femininity Armani said that he chose the actress as the new face of

his beauty empire because "she embodies the spirit of the women of today: free, confident and seductive. Her beautiful features reveal femininity, sensuality and strength.“

Masculinity "She should treat femininity as an opportunity and not try to

emulate masculinity in politics," Versace said.

*feminism / feminist feminism At the 1992 Republican Convention supporting former Pres

ident Bush, Robertson said, "Feminism encourages women to leave their husbands, kill their children, practice witchcraft, destroy capitalism and become lesbians.”

feminist "Fortunately I think today's younger women are more in the

post-feminist period, where they don't sort of measure their independence and freedom by the number of years they remain full-time in the workforce without having children," Mr Howard...

Aspiration & Aspire

Aspiration: P96

Aspire: "I will neither aspire to nor will I accept, I repeat, I will neither

aspire to nor will I accept the positions of President.. "We aspire for more democracy, more effort to combat

unemployment and poverty...

Remind: inspire / inspiration

For all the rest important or new words & phrases, please refer to the word list in P96--98

Sentences

Para 2: Their research showed that many teachers who thought they were no

n-sexist were amazed to see how biased they appeared on videotape. trans: 这些电视相亲节目显示，现在很多自认为性格很独立的女性事实上

连自己都没有想到她们在节目上的表现是多么地爱慕虚荣。

This was a tremendous impact on the learning process for, in general, those students who become active classroom participants develop more positive attitudes and go on to higher achievement.

As a matter of fact, in the late 1960s, when many of the best all-women’s colleges in the northeastern United States opened their doors to male students, it was observed by professors and women students alike that the boys were “taking over” the classroom discussions and that active participation by women students had diminished noticeably.

trans: 事实上， 20 世纪中叶的文坛已经向女性开放，当时的很多男性作家和读者都发现，女性正在接过部分主流文学主题的话语权，而常常在文学作品中作为背景人物的女性在逐渐向多面的个性转变。

Para 3 For instance, one teacher conducting a science class with

nursery youngsters, continually had the little boys perform the scientific “experiment” while the girls were given the task of putting the materials away.

Since hands-on work with classroom materials is a very important aspect of early education, the girls were thus being deprived of a vital learning experience that would affect their entire lives.

para 4 Another dimension of sex-biased education is the typica

l American teacher’s assumption that boys will do better in the “hard”, “masculine” subjects of math and science while girls are expected to have better verbal and reading skills.

Trans: 另一种经常被人忽视的的性别歧视就是，男士常假设女士在公开场合不应该被卷入那种“不雅的”、“只有适合男士的”争吵，而男士就理应承担与生人交涉和谈判等任务。

sentence study and writing: apply those “valid” sentences to your own

writings ASAP write daily, with your updated vocabulary

and newest understanding of English grammar

ACRStudents’ presentation1. Boys are Teachers’ Pets 2. What Kind of Brain Do You Have?

Further exploration

Further exploration

Passage 1 Boys Are Teachers’ Pets --an exposition on sex-bias in education based on Dale Spender’s

research

Interpret the title (the answer can be a summary of the whole text)

Do you agree that the solution raised in L7-10 would be an effective measure? What’s its difference from the solution in the last paragraph?

Difficult sentences New words (independent study) Exercise 2

Further exploration

Passage 2: What Kind of Brain Do You Have? Questions:What are the three kinds of brains?What kind of Brain do you have? Why?

What’s different in baby/ little girls’ and baby / little boys’ behaviors?What’s different in adult males’ and females’ occupations?

According to the passage, what determine the type of brain one has?Does it mean one has advantage over the other because he / she has a certain type of

brain?

Language:New words: independent studyExercises: after-class work

Your questions?

A quick quiz

Synonyms of disregard / contempt / discrimination / pervade

If girls get anything like equal treatment boys will ___ ( 抗议 ) and even ____ ( 扰乱 ) the lessons.

Boys receive praise for their ____ ( 马虎的 ) work ___ (what / that / which) would not be tolerated from girls.

Some people thought he ________( 太过火 ) in his criticism of the feminist movements.

Anyone who cannot use a computer is _________ ( 处于劣势 ) these days.

She ____ (empathy) with Kim because of her own experience as a mother.

They were treating only the symptoms of the disease rather than the ______ (underlie) cause.

Social class is a major _____ (determinate) of consumer spending patterns.

Too thirds of the pupils are of Asian ______ (originate).

E2 on P111

Part III Further development

On Language: Enrich your word power (Q&A)

Sexist language: E3: P124 More sexist language that you know? He who laughs last laughs best. History… Men plan, God laughs. mankind Women have come to be seen both in person and in

words.

Part III Further development

Speaking activities:1. In what ways have women themselves contributed to gender

inequity?2. In what senses does gender discriminations hamper humankind

as a whole?

3. True stories of gender discrimination4. Men are biased because of their gender too. For example…

5. I prefer single-sex / co-educational classes because…6. I think / I don’t think gender inequity would harm a marriage.7. I think feminism is absurd / brilliant because

Choose one or two of the above topics and discuss in groups.

Part III Further development

Writing suggestions: anything on your mind about gender differences or gender discrimination…

Suggested topics:• My Understanding of Feminism • Why I Support / Oppose Feminism• What Is Post-feminism• Man for Field and Woman for the Hearth?• Angels in the House?• Gender Discriminations against Men• Gender Discriminations that You’ve Never Noticed• Movie reviews• ….

How to improve your writing daily / weekly apply those “valid” sentences to your own writings ASAP write daily, with your updated vocabulary and newest understanding of English

grammar

Part IV Translation & Writing

英译汉的长句翻译 翻译方法之二：拆分译法 比较学习 1. 翻译方法之一：原序和换序译法 2. 翻译方法之二：拆分译法 翻译实例 翻译练习 work in pairs or teams

Tips for quiz preparationTips for quiz preparation

1. dictation: new words from 3 passages1. dictation: new words from 3 passages 2. 2. preposition or adverb preposition or adverb

3. cloze: 3. cloze: based on the theme related words and knowledgebased on the theme related words and knowledge

4. grammar: 4. grammar: based on the passages of this unitbased on the passages of this unit 5. translation: E—C 5. translation: E—C one from ICR, one from ACR 1one from ICR, one from ACR 1