Unit 3Unit 3

Cultural Geography of the Cultural Geography of the

United States and CanadaUnited States and Canada

VocabularyVocabulary

• ImmigrationImmigration

• Native AmericanNative American

• SunbeltSunbelt

• UrbanizationUrbanization

• Metropolitan areaMetropolitan area

• SuburbSuburb

• MegalopolisMegalopolis

• Mobility Mobility

Population PatternsPopulation Patterns

The PeopleThe People

North American’s first immigrants may North American’s first immigrants may have come from Asia thousands of have come from Asia thousands of years ago. Because they were the first years ago. Because they were the first settlers, they are called settlers, they are called Native Native AmericansAmericans. In recent centuries, people . In recent centuries, people have immigrated to North America from have immigrated to North America from all parts of the world for various all parts of the world for various reasons-religious or political freedom reasons-religious or political freedom and economic or educational and economic or educational opportunities.opportunities.

The CitiesThe Cities

Both the US and Canada have Both the US and Canada have experienced experienced urbanizationurbanization-the -the movement of people from rural areas movement of people from rural areas to cities. Today most people live in to cities. Today most people live in metropolitan areasmetropolitan areas. .

Coastal CitiesCoastal Cities

Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington, D.C.-home Baltimore, and Washington, D.C.-home to about 42 million people. These cities to about 42 million people. These cities lie in coastal areas where healthy lie in coastal areas where healthy economies support large populations. economies support large populations. Other important coastal cities are Other important coastal cities are Miami, New Orleans and Houston. Miami, New Orleans and Houston. Vancouver is an important coastal city Vancouver is an important coastal city in Canada.in Canada.

Inland CitiesInland Cities

Important inland cities are located on rivers or lakes. Important inland cities are located on rivers or lakes. Major inland cities include Quebec, Montreal, Major inland cities include Quebec, Montreal, Toronto, and Ottawa in Canada, and Detroit, Chicago, Toronto, and Ottawa in Canada, and Detroit, Chicago, St. Louis, and Pittsburgh in the United States. St. Louis, and Pittsburgh in the United States.

Future TrendsFuture Trends

Because of low birthrates in Canada Because of low birthrates in Canada and the United States, most and the United States, most population growth in this region population growth in this region comes from immigration. As comes from immigration. As immigration adds to population immigration adds to population density, living with cultural density, living with cultural differences and managing urban differences and managing urban congestion are ongoing challenges.congestion are ongoing challenges.

-- Think Tank -- Think Tank -- Think Tank -- Think Tank -- --

What do you think are some of the What do you think are some of the similarities and differences between similarities and differences between the people that live in Canada and the people that live in Canada and the people that live in the United the people that live in the United States?States?

VocabularyVocabulary• ImmigrationImmigration-the movement of people into one country -the movement of people into one country

from anotherfrom another

• MetropolitanMetropolitan areaarea-region that includes a central city -region that includes a central city and its surrounding suburbsand its surrounding suburbs

• SuburbsSuburbs-outlying communities around a city-outlying communities around a city

• MegalopolisMegalopolis-a “super-city” that is made up several large -a “super-city” that is made up several large and small cities such as the area between Boston and and small cities such as the area between Boston and Washington D.C.Washington D.C.

• MobilityMobility-the freedom to move from place to place-the freedom to move from place to place

• Native AmericanNative American-North America’s first immigrant, who -North America’s first immigrant, who probably moved into the region from Asia thousands of probably moved into the region from Asia thousands of years agoyears ago

Vocabulary cont’dVocabulary cont’d

• UrbanizationUrbanization-the movement of -the movement of people from rural areas into citiespeople from rural areas into cities

History and Government of History and Government of the US and Canadathe US and Canada

VocabularyVocabulary

• RepublicRepublic

• Underground RailroadUnderground Railroad

• Dry farmingDry farming

• ConstitutionConstitution

• AmendmentAmendment

• Bill of RightsBill of Rights

• CabinetCabinet

• DominionDominion

• ParliamentParliament

Native AmericansNative Americans

Location and culture shaped the various Location and culture shaped the various cultures later known as Native American. cultures later known as Native American. Native Americans of the cold Arctic tundra Native Americans of the cold Arctic tundra hunted animals, while those in the hunted animals, while those in the temperate areas grew crops.temperate areas grew crops.

European ColoniesEuropean Colonies

By the late 1500s, Europeans had begun By the late 1500s, Europeans had begun migrating to North America to search of migrating to North America to search of farmland, valuable minerals and freedom. farmland, valuable minerals and freedom. The Spanish colonized what is now the The Spanish colonized what is now the southwestern and southern United States, southwestern and southern United States, the English settled along the Atlantic coast, the English settled along the Atlantic coast, the French came to northern areas for the the French came to northern areas for the fur trade (beaver). The middle Atlantic fur trade (beaver). The middle Atlantic coastal area provided fertile soil and plenty coastal area provided fertile soil and plenty of game.of game.

European Colonies cont’dEuropean Colonies cont’d

The English settlers there thrived and The English settlers there thrived and raised cash crops for trade. Plantation raised cash crops for trade. Plantation owners in the South used enslaved owners in the South used enslaved Africans to provide the labor for large-Africans to provide the labor for large-scale farming.scale farming.

Two New ColoniesTwo New Colonies

• In the late 1700s, thirteen British In the late 1700s, thirteen British colonies along the Atlantic coast colonies along the Atlantic coast fought a successful war of fought a successful war of independence, creating the United independence, creating the United States of America. In 1867 other British States of America. In 1867 other British North American colonies formed the North American colonies formed the Dominion of Canada, a self-governing Dominion of Canada, a self-governing nation within the British Empire.nation within the British Empire.

American RepublicAmerican Republic

Rejected monarchy, set up a Rejected monarchy, set up a republicrepublic-a -a government in which people elect their government in which people elect their own officials. Elected George Washington own officials. Elected George Washington as the first president.as the first president.

From Sea to Shining SeaFrom Sea to Shining Sea

By the mid-1800s, the United States By the mid-1800s, the United States had expanded westward across the had expanded westward across the North American continent to the North American continent to the Pacific coast. Canada carried out its Pacific coast. Canada carried out its own westward expansion during the own westward expansion during the late 1800s.late 1800s.

Growth, Division, UnityGrowth, Division, Unity

Industrialization transformed the Industrialization transformed the United States and Canada during the United States and Canada during the 1800s.1800s.

1.1. The waterfalls in the northeast, coal The waterfalls in the northeast, coal from the Midwestern states were from the Midwestern states were good sources of power. Rivers and good sources of power. Rivers and lakes provide easy transport for lakes provide easy transport for manufactured goods.manufactured goods.

Growth cont’dGrowth cont’d

2. 2. Cotton became an important raw Cotton became an important raw material for the textile industry. By material for the textile industry. By the 1800s the demand for cotton the 1800s the demand for cotton also increased the demand for slave also increased the demand for slave workers. Disputes over slavery led workers. Disputes over slavery led to the United States Civil War of to the United States Civil War of 1861-1865.1861-1865.

Technological and Technological and Social ChangeSocial Change

The completion of transcontinental The completion of transcontinental railroads in the late 1800s in both railroads in the late 1800s in both Canada and the United States led to Canada and the United States led to increased settlement of the West. increased settlement of the West. Thousands of immigrants were hired Thousands of immigrants were hired to build the railroads.to build the railroads.

GovernmentGovernment

The United States and Canada are The United States and Canada are both democracies with federal both democracies with federal systems.systems.

•The American plan of government is set The American plan of government is set down in the Constitution, drafted in 1787. down in the Constitution, drafted in 1787. Over the years, amendments to the Over the years, amendments to the Constitution have been made to meet the Constitution have been made to meet the country’s changing needs. The national country’s changing needs. The national government is made of three branches-government is made of three branches-executive, legislative, and judicial.executive, legislative, and judicial.

Government cont’dGovernment cont’d

Canada is a parliamentary democracy. Canada is a parliamentary democracy. The British monarch, represented by a The British monarch, represented by a Canadian governor-general, is Canada’s Canadian governor-general, is Canada’s ceremonial head of state. The prime ceremonial head of state. The prime minister, who heads the majority party minister, who heads the majority party in Parliament, is the actual head of in Parliament, is the actual head of government. Canada became government. Canada became completely independent from the completely independent from the United Kingdom in 1931.United Kingdom in 1931.

VocabularyVocabulary

• RepublicRepublic-a government in which people -a government in which people elect their own officialselect their own officials

• Underground RailroadUnderground Railroad-an informal -an informal network of safe houses, helped network of safe houses, helped thousands of escaping enslaved people thousands of escaping enslaved people make their way north to freedommake their way north to freedom

• Dry FarmingDry Farming-cultivating the land so -cultivating the land so that it caught and held rainwater.that it caught and held rainwater.

Vocabulary cont’dVocabulary cont’d

• ConstitutionConstitution-plan of government made for -plan of government made for the United States in 1887the United States in 1887

• AmendmentsAmendments-in U.S. history, official -in U.S. history, official changes made to the Constitutionchanges made to the Constitution

• Bill or RightsBill or Rights-the first 10 amendments to -the first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitutionthe U.S. Constitution

• DominionDominion-a partially self-governing -a partially self-governing country with close ties to another countrycountry with close ties to another country