unit 3 chapter 5

7/31/2019 Unit 3 Chapter 5

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SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION METHODS

UNIT-3 & CHAPTER-5

RESEARCH CONCEPTS AND


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Sources of data

DATA SOURCE

SECONDARY METHOPRIMARY METHOD

INTERNA EXTERNA

FullyProcessed

Need FurtherAnal sis

SyndicatedSources

ElectronicDatabase

Published



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Classification of dataPrimary data is original, problem or project specific and

collected for the specific objectives and needs spelt out

by the researcher. The authenticity and relevance is

reasonably high.

Secondary data is information that is not topical or

research specific and has been collected and compiled

by some other researcher or investigative body. It is

recorded and published in a structured format.



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Uses of secondary dataProblem identification and formulation stage: past data

and information on the topic under study. Can be extremely

useful in developing a conceptual framework for investigation.Hypotheses designing: earlier work done on the topic and

market data as well as industry trends and market facts.Could help in developing assumptions that can be translatedinto testable hypotheses for the study.

Sampling considerations: respondent-related databases areimportant sources of respondent statistics and relevantcontact details.

Primary base: can be used to design questionnaires for the

primary study.Validation and authentication board: earlier records and

studies as well as data pools. Can also be used to support orvalidate the information collected through primary sources.



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Benefits of secondary data

Resource advantage

Accessibility of data

Accuracy and stability of data

Assessment of data



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Drawbacks of secondary dataApplicability of data: the purpose for which the

information was earlier collected was unique to

that study and thus the information might not be

absolutely applicable or relevant for the current

study objective.

Accuracy of data: the source and data credibility

is a serious issue of concern when using past data

and records.



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Authentication of secondary data

Methodology check: in terms of sampling frame used,data collection tools and methods of analysis andhypotheses testing

Accuracy check: establishing source credibility.Misrepresentation of data

Topical check: recency of findings and similarity ofthe environment under study with past study

Financial check: the cost of accessing past orrecorded data in terms of the relevance for the study



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Internal data sources

Company records: historical as well as currentmanufacturing information, process and policy documents

Employee records: demographic data sets, performance

appraisals & grievance data

Sales data: cash register receipts, salespersons call

records, sales invoices and sales reports

Other sources: customer databases, CRM data, warranty

records, etc.



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External data sources

Published data: data that is in on public domains, which

could be compiled by public or private sources

Government sources: census data, other documented

and available government publications

Other data sources: essentially non-government

sources like books, periodicals, guides and directories,Indices and standardized non-government statistical

data



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11/17RESEARCH CONCEPTS AND

Government publications (contd.)Sub -type Sources Data Uses

6. Foreign

Trade ofIndia

Monthly

Statistics

Director General of Commercial Intelligence

http://www .dgciskol.nic.in/

Exports &

Importscountrywise

and

productwise

Forecast

manufacturingand trade

estimations

7. Wholesale

price index

weekly all

India

Consumer

Price Index

Ministry of Commerce and Industry

http://india.gov.in/sectors/commerce/ministry_commerce.p

hp

Reporting of

prices of

Products like

food articles,

foodgrains,

minerals, fuel,

power, lights,

lubricants,textiles,

chemicals,

metal,

machinery &

transport

Establish ing price

bands of product

categories;

pricing

estimations for

newproducts;

determining

consumer spend

8. Economic

Survey

annual

publication.

Dept. of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance, patterns,

currency and finance

http://finmin.nic.in/the_ministry/dept_eco_affairs/

Descriptive

reporting of

the current

economic

status

Estimations of the

future and

evaluation of

policy decisions

and extraneous

factors in that

period

9. National

Sample

Survey

(NSS)

Ministry of Planning

http://www.planningcommission.gov.in/

Social,

economic,

demographic,

industrial and

agricultural

statistics.

Significant for

making policy

decisions as well

as studying

sociological

patterns



Non-government publicationsSub -type Sources Data Uses

1. CompanyWorkingResults Stock

Exchange

Directory

BombayStockExchangehttp://www. bseindia.com/ Acompletedatabaseof the

companies

registeredwiththe

Stockexchange

and

comprehensive

details about stock

policies and

current share

prices

Significant indeterminingthe

financial health

various sectors

as well as

assessment of

corpora te

fundingand

predictions of

outcomes

2. Status reports by

various commodity

boards

TheCommodityBoardor the Industry

Associations likeJuteBoard, CottonIndustry,

Sugar Association, Pulses Board, Metal Board,

Chemicals, Spices, Fertilizers, Coir, Pesticides,Rubber, Handicrafts, PlantationBoards etc.

Detailed

informationon

current assets -in

terms of unitscurrent production

figures and

market condition

Theseare useful

for individual

sectors in

workingouttheir plans as

well as

evaluating

causes of

success or

failure.

3. Industry

Associations on

problems facedby

privatesector, etc.

FICCI, ASSOCHAM, AIMA, Associationof

CharteredAccountants &Financial Analysts,

Indo -AmericanChamber of Commerce, etc.

http://www.ficci.com/

http://www.assocham.org/

http://www.aima -ind.org/

www.iaccindia.com/

Cases/

comprehensive

reports by the

supplier or user or

anyother section

associatedwith

the sector

Cognizanceof

thegaps and

problems inthe

effective

functioningof

theorganization

; trouble

shooting

4. Export relateddata

commoditywise.

Leather Exports PromotionCouncil, Appare l

Export PromotionCouncil, Handicrafts, Spices

Tea, etc., EximBanketc.

http://www.leatherindia.org/

http://www.aepcindia.com/

Product and

countrywisedata

onthee xport

figures as well as

informationon

existingpolicies

relatedtothe

sector.

Toestimatethe

demand; gauge

opportunities

for tradeand

impetus

requiredin

terms of

manufacturing

andpolicy

changes



Non-government publications (contd)Sub -type Sources Data Uses

5. Retail StoreAuditonpharmaceutical,veterinary,

consumerproducts.

ORG(OperationsResearchGroup) ; Monthlyreportsonurbansector. Quarterlyreportsonrural sector

Thetouchpointfor thisdataistheretailer, who

providesthefiguresrelatedtoproduct sales; thedataisverycomprehensiveand coversmostbrands.thedataisregionspecificandcoversbothinventoryandgoodssold.

Market analysisandmarketstructure

mappingwithestimationsofmarket shareofleadingbrands.Theaudit canalsobeusedtostudyconsumptiontrendsatdifferent t imeperiodsorsubsequent tosalespromotionor otheractivities.

6. National

ReadershipSurveys(NRS)

IMRB - surveyof readingbehavior for different

segmentsaswell asdifferent products.http://www.imrbint.com/

Todaythese

surveysaredonebyvariousbodieswithdifferentsamplebases.Todaythesurveybasehasbecomeyounger, withtheageof thereaderisloweredto12+.

Mediaplanning

andmeasuringexposureaswell asreachfor productcategories.

7. THOM PSONINDICES: Urbanmarket index,Rural market index

HindustanThompsonAssociates All townswithpopulationofmorethanonelakharecoveredandinformationof demographicandsocio -

economicvariablesaregivenfor eachcitywithBombayasbase. Therura lindexsimilarlycoversabout 400districtswithsocio -economicindicatorslikevalueofagricultureoutput,etc.

Theinclinationstopurchaseconsumerproductsaredirectlyrelatedtosocio -economic

development ofcommunitiesingeneral. Theindicespr ovidebarometerstomeasuresuchpotentialsforeachcityandhasimplicationsfor theresearcher intermsof datacollectionsources.



Computerized databases

Computer based

information

On-line

Databases

Information typeStorage & recovery of

information

CD-ROM / PenDrive / Hard

DiskReferenceSource

Internet Direct from

suppliers

Direct from

creator

Through

otherNetworks



Computerized databases

Based on content of information: reference data

bases, source databases

Based on storage and recovery mechanisms:

online data bases, CD-ROM databases



Syndicate data sources

Household/ individual dataconducted on individual

consumers. They are usually of the following types

Surveys: are usually one-time assessments conducted on

a large representative respondent base.

Product purchase panels: These specially selected

respondents groups periodically record certain identified

purchases, generally related to household products and

groceries.

Media-specific panels: media panels are created for

collecting information related to promotion and advertising.They generally make use of different kinds of electronic

equipments to automatically record consumer viewing

behaviour.



Syndicate data sources

Institutional syndicated datathe second group of

syndicated sources collect information from

organizations and institutions.

Retailer audits: for various product/service categories

periodically recorded data is available to track themovement of stocks at the retail end.

Wholesaler audits: these measure warehouse

movement. Participating operators includewholesalers, super and hyper markets and frozen-food

warehouses.

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