unit 3: animal anatomy & physiology components of the digestive system ii
TRANSCRIPT
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Unit 3: Animal Anatomy & Physiology
Components of
The Digestive System II
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Components of the Digestive SystemOrgan Comments Function
10) small intestine
(3 parts)
total of 6.2 m inlength
but only 2.5 cm wide
duodenum: 1st part of the small intestine
jejunum & ileum: middle & last sectionslined with finger-like villi
peristalsis occurs
1. finishes off chemical digestion for all nutrientsproduces intestinal fluid (more enzymes to digest all nutrients)receives secretions from pancreas & gall bladdermucus also protects from acidity & enzymes
2. absorption of digested food into blood streamvilli increase surface area
3. keeps food moving along
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Components of the Digestive System
Small Intestine
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surface area of small intestine is greatly increased by:1. lining of small intestine has folds2. folds contain villi (finger-like projections)3. villi contain microvilli
total surface area of small intestine = area of professional tennis court
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Components of the Digestive System
Small Intestine
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Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Small Intestine
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Components of the Digestive System
Organ Comments Function7) liver large multi-lobed organ
(A) filling most of the abdominal cavitycirrhosis:
.
1. stores excess glucose as
2. filters out & breaks down toxic compounds from blood (detoxification)
glycogen
3. makes bile breaks down large fat droplets into smaller ones (called emulsification)
scar tissue forms from damage by alcohol & drugs
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Components of the Digestive System
Organ Comments Function8) gall
bladdersmall sac under the liver (H)connected to the liver by the bile duct (J)gall stones
.
stores bile & sends it to the duodenum
(1st part of the small intestine)
crystallized bile
J
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Components of the Digestive System
Organ Comments Function9) pancreas long feather–shaped
organ sends pancreatic secretion to duodenum via the pancreatic duct
.
1. makes insulin2. makes pancreatic
secretion containing:
enzymes which digest proteins, carbs & lipids
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Components of the Digestive SystemOrgan Comments Function
13) large intestine
(colon) (5 parts)
total of 1.5 m in
length &6.5 cm wide
1. caecum2. ascending colon3. transverse colon4. descending colon5. sigmoid colonfeces:
contain enormous numbers of bacteriaperistalsis
.
undigested waste
1. reabsorb water & minerals from digestive secretions & compact feces
2. produce vitamins B & K & help further digest waste
3. move feces along
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Organ Comments Function
14) rectum muscular organ at the end of the colon
3 sphincters:1. entrance of rectum2. internal sphincter3. external sphincter
anus
.
1. stores feces
2. control egestion
opening through which feces are egested when sphincters are relaxed
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Large Intestine (frames the small intestine)
Shorter than small intestine Diameter is much greaterCecum
First part of the large intestine, attached is the appendix
ColonMain portion of the large intestineWater and dissolved minerals are absorbedIntestinal bacteria help break food down furtherBacteria produce vitamin B-12 , K and some amino acids
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Large intestine completes the process!
Any undigested material (feces) passes into rectum from the colon. Feces moves through
anal canal and out the anus.Anus has a ring of circular muscle
called the anal sphincter.
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Large Intestine
Cecum
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Traverse colon
Descending colonAscending colon
CecumSigmoid colonRectum
Anal canalAnus
Large intestine
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endoscope: a narrow instrument with a camera at its tipplaced inside digestive tract to view the inner liningcan locate ulcers, polyps or tumours
colonoscopy
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ENDOSCOPE VIDEOS
DUODENUM
DUODENUM VILLI NORMAL COLON
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ENDOSCOPE VIDEOS
NORMAL COLON 2
PARASITIC WORM
IN COLON
REMOVAL OF PARASITIC
WORMS IN COLON
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ENDOSCOPE VIDEOS
COLON JAUNDICE
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DIARRHEA CONSTIPATION
cause
result
danger
bacterial infections, allergies, alcohol, food poisoning, etc. irritate intestinal wallsperistalsis occurs too fastfeces move through too quickly
not enough fibre or water in diet to stimulate peristalsisfeces move through too slowly
not enough water or minerals are reabsorbedfeces remain very watery
too much water is reabsorbedfeces become very drymore time for toxic substances & food additives to be absorbed
danger of dehydrationloss of minerals (electrolytes) needed for body functions
hemorrhoids: blood vessels around anus are torn & bleed during egestionhigher probability of colon cancer
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DIARRHEA CONSTIPATION
treatment
avoid foods that stimulate peristalsis (ex. fibre)drink plenty of fluids, especially those that contain electrolytes (ex. gatorade)
eat high fibre fooddrink lots of waterregular exercise (stimulates peristalsis)laxatives (ex. prunes – natural laxative)
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pharynx
epiglottis
tongue
salivary glandsesophagus
stomach
cardiac sphincter
pyloric sphincter
liver
gall bladder
bile duct pancreaspancreatic duct
smallintestine
duodenum
jejunum
ileumileo-caecal sphincter
appendix
colon
ascending colontransverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum anus
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Homework
Small Intestine & Large Intestine WorksheetPage 188 # 1, 2, 5, 10
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Magazine Ad from the 1930’s
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The Movement of Food
Peristalsis – alternate waves of contraction and relaxation of muscles in the organ wall.
Circular muscles push food ahead from contracting behind, when long. muscles are relaxed.
Longitudinal muscles in front of food contract pushing food back, when circ. muscles are relaxed.
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Figure 10.15
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The Movement of Food
Rhythmic Segmentation – mix up partially digested food in intestine.
Circular muscles push it back and forth while food stays in same place. Figure 10.16
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Components of the Digestive SystemOrgan Comments Function
11) ileo- caecal sphincter 12) appendix
ring of muscle at the end of small intestine & beginning of the large intestine
tiny sac (3) found on the caecum (2)appendicitis:
.
inflammation caused by bacteria (swells & could burst)
keeps digested food in the small intestine allows more time for digestion & absorption
function unknownbelieved to be left over from our evolutionary past
1
2
3
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Still the Small Intestine…
Differ only slightly from the duodenum.Jejunum (2.5 m)
Contains more folds and intestinal glands than duod.Breaks down remaining protein and carbohydrates
Ileum (3 m)Fewer and smaller villiAbsorbs nutrientsPushes undigested material into large intestine
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Components of the Digestive System
Large Intestine