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Social InstitutionsSocial Institutions

Muhammad YaqoobRN, BScNLecturer NursingInstitute of NursingDow University of Health SciencesNovember 29, 2013

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Today’s ObjectivesToday’s ObjectivesAt the end of today’s session learners will be able to:At the end of today’s session learners will be able to:

1.1.Clarify the concept of social institution and discuss the relevant concepts. Clarify the concept of social institution and discuss the relevant concepts.

2.2.Discuss in detail the various social institutions including there structure, functions and importance. Discuss in detail the various social institutions including there structure, functions and importance.

3.3.Delineate the difference among Social Institutions e.g.Delineate the difference among Social Institutions e.g.

4.4.Family-types function, marriage, caste, family relationship, divorce etc.;Family-types function, marriage, caste, family relationship, divorce etc.;

5.5.Religious – beliefs, superstitious etc.Religious – beliefs, superstitious etc.

6.6.Political system - autocratic, democratic, dictatorship;Political system - autocratic, democratic, dictatorship;

7.7.Legal system: Recreation, Educational system.Legal system: Recreation, Educational system.

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Definition of Social InstitutionsDefinition of Social InstitutionsWhat is Social Institution?What is Social Institution?

.“ Social institutions are those ways of .“ Social institutions are those ways of inter-relationshipinter-relationship in society in society which are eternal and acknowledge by the society.” (C.L.Wood)which are eternal and acknowledge by the society.” (C.L.Wood)

.“ Social institution is the name of .“ Social institution is the name of inter co-ordinationinter co-ordination of social of social relationships.” ( Young and Mac ) relationships.” ( Young and Mac )

.“ Social institutions represent the .“ Social institutions represent the social structure and machinery social structure and machinery through which human society organizes, directs and executes the through which human society organizes, directs and executes the multifarious activities, required to multifarious activities, required to satisfy human needssatisfy human needs.” ( H.L .” ( H.L Barners ) Barners )

Social Institutions: Cultural Universals Social Institutions: Cultural Universals

FamilyFamily Religion Religion Political institutionsPolitical institutions Educational institutionsEducational institutions Economic institutions Economic institutions Legal systemLegal system Recreation Recreation

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Social InstitutionsSocial Institutions In sociology an important conceptIn sociology an important concept Considered more important than individuals. Considered more important than individuals. Determine the standard of human character. Although Determine the standard of human character. Although

theoretically social institutions seem to be simple, but theoretically social institutions seem to be simple, but practically they are very complicated. practically they are very complicated.

The functions of almost all social institutions are The functions of almost all social institutions are more or less universal. e.g. in all societies the more or less universal. e.g. in all societies the functions of the family are same such as breeding, functions of the family are same such as breeding, raring and caring of the children’s and education etc.raring and caring of the children’s and education etc.

Strengthen the human relationships. Strengthen the human relationships.

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Social Institutions…Social Institutions…

social institutions are an abstract which have no visible social institutions are an abstract which have no visible structure, it can be understood or viewed by observing structure, it can be understood or viewed by observing the roles and functions of its members unconsciously. the roles and functions of its members unconsciously.

The main functions of these institutions is to preserve The main functions of these institutions is to preserve the activities of human beings. the activities of human beings.

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Structure of Social institutionStructure of Social institution

By structure of social institution it should be noted the By structure of social institution it should be noted the structure is a consist of those ways of acting and techniques structure is a consist of those ways of acting and techniques of the persons according to them they undertake their duties. of the persons according to them they undertake their duties. The structure of social institutions is based on following The structure of social institutions is based on following elements. elements.

1)1) Individuals-Individuals-: Different members of society perform : Different members of society perform different Economic functions on account of which the different Economic functions on account of which the society is divided into different strata’s such as Teacher, society is divided into different strata’s such as Teacher, Manager, Engineer, Former etc. e.g. the family is consist of Manager, Engineer, Former etc. e.g. the family is consist of children’s and parents similarly religious institution is children’s and parents similarly religious institution is consist of followers and clergy. consist of followers and clergy.

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( Continue ) ( Continue ) Structure of Social institutionStructure of Social institution

2)2) Material StructureMaterial Structure-: -: The 2The 2ndnd important element of social institutions important element of social institutions is the material structure where by the member perform their functions. is the material structure where by the member perform their functions. e.g. in economic institutions we include machines, forms, and e.g. in economic institutions we include machines, forms, and stationery etc. for family we include house and furniture etc. for stationery etc. for family we include house and furniture etc. for religious institutions the places where the members worship are religious institutions the places where the members worship are included such as Mosque, Temple, Church. included such as Mosque, Temple, Church.

3)3) SystemSystem-:-: system is aggregation of those ways which organizes the system is aggregation of those ways which organizes the people and material structure of the particular social institution. These people and material structure of the particular social institution. These ways guide the human character under the certain principles. e.g. in ways guide the human character under the certain principles. e.g. in political institutions there are different system such as democracy, political institutions there are different system such as democracy, monarchy and socialism etc are adopted. Economic institutions may monarchy and socialism etc are adopted. Economic institutions may adopt capitalism or socialism. In Religious institutions there are adopt capitalism or socialism. In Religious institutions there are variety of religions available such as Islam, Christianity, Buddhism variety of religions available such as Islam, Christianity, Buddhism etc. in Family there are also systems for instance single or multi etc. in Family there are also systems for instance single or multi marriages systems. marriages systems.

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Important Social InstitutionsImportant Social Institutions

FamilFamily y

Family and kinshipFamily and kinshipFamily: Family: The family is the most basic unit of all social institutions;The family is the most basic unit of all social institutions;it is the building block of any society.it is the building block of any society.

-A kinship grouping which provides for the rearing of the children and for -A kinship grouping which provides for the rearing of the children and for certain other human needs. certain other human needs.

(Horton and Hunt)(Horton and Hunt)

-The family is kin base cooperative unit.-The family is kin base cooperative unit. (Broom and Selzink)(Broom and Selzink)

Kinship.Kinship.Kinship is a relationship which give a sense of common origin. A common Kinship is a relationship which give a sense of common origin. A common

ancestry is the general basis of kinship. Kinship can be defined as tracing ancestry is the general basis of kinship. Kinship can be defined as tracing ancestry only in the father's line.ancestry only in the father's line.

Kinship Kinship

Defined as the network in which people are Defined as the network in which people are related to one another through blood, marriage related to one another through blood, marriage and other ties. Kinship is a kind of social and other ties. Kinship is a kind of social relationship that ties people and is universally relationship that ties people and is universally found in all societies.found in all societies.

Kinship can be created through three ways:Kinship can be created through three ways:

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1)1) Through blood: Through blood: this is the principle of this is the principle of consanguinity. A consanguine is a person who is consanguinity. A consanguine is a person who is related to another person through blood. related to another person through blood. Consanguines include kin, not friends. Consanguines include kin, not friends.

Examples of consanguines are the following: a parent's Examples of consanguines are the following: a parent's (father/mother/grand-parent) relation to a child; (father/mother/grand-parent) relation to a child; relation between siblings (brothers and sisters); an relation between siblings (brothers and sisters); an individual’s relation to his/ her uncle, aunt, niece or individual’s relation to his/ her uncle, aunt, niece or nephew; etc.nephew; etc.

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(2) Through marriage: this is the principle of (2) Through marriage: this is the principle of affinity. E.g. kinship ties between husband and affinity. E.g. kinship ties between husband and wife; husband and his wife's group; wife and her wife; husband and his wife's group; wife and her husbands group, etchusbands group, etc

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(3) Through adoption, fostering, god-(3) Through adoption, fostering, god-parenthood, etc. This is called the principle of parenthood, etc. This is called the principle of fictitious kinship. Fictitious kinship is, in other fictitious kinship. Fictitious kinship is, in other words, a kind of relationship in which two words, a kind of relationship in which two individuals create a kind of parent-child individuals create a kind of parent-child relationship without any blood or marriage ties.relationship without any blood or marriage ties.

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MarriageMarriage-: -: Marriage is a relation between man and women Marriage is a relation between man and women which is acknowledged by society. The state of being united to a which is acknowledged by society. The state of being united to a person of the opposite sex as husband or wife in a consensual person of the opposite sex as husband or wife in a consensual and contractual relationship recognized by law. and contractual relationship recognized by law.

Types of Marriages-:Types of Marriages-:

Monogamy:Monogamy: Marriage of one person to anther person.Marriage of one person to anther person. Polygamy :Polygamy : Marriage of a man to two or more women.Marriage of a man to two or more women. PolyandryPolyandry :: Marriage of a women to two or more Marriage of a women to two or more

men.men. Exogamy Exogamy :: In this type one can marry out of caste, In this type one can marry out of caste,

class, class, group, or even out of religion.group, or even out of religion. Endogamy :Endogamy : In this type one is bond to marry within the In this type one is bond to marry within the

caste, class, group, or a religion. Its most caste, class, group, or a religion. Its most popular and acceptable type. popular and acceptable type.

Types of familyTypes of family

01.01. Conjugal or Nuclear FamilyConjugal or Nuclear Family This family is based upon the marital relationship. It This family is based upon the marital relationship. It

means a married couple and their unmarried children means a married couple and their unmarried children living together is called living together is called nuclear familynuclear family..

This family also known as elementary family and This family also known as elementary family and simple family.simple family.

In Pakistani society nuclear family is more popular in In Pakistani society nuclear family is more popular in

urban areasurban areas..

02.02. Consanguine family.Consanguine family. This family is founded upon blood relationship of a This family is founded upon blood relationship of a

large number of kin relationships. This family is large number of kin relationships. This family is based on biological relations. based on biological relations.

Comprises of a group of brothers and sisters along Comprises of a group of brothers and sisters along with their children living together.with their children living together.

In Pakistani society unmarried brothers and sisters In Pakistani society unmarried brothers and sisters

live together with parentslive together with parents

03.03. Extended familyExtended family After marriage two or more siblings (brothers and After marriage two or more siblings (brothers and

sisters) may live together with their parents.sisters) may live together with their parents.

Patrilineal extended familyPatrilineal extended family It is a extended family composed of the parents, It is a extended family composed of the parents,

their sons and the sons wives and children. their sons and the sons wives and children. This types of family is very popular in Pakistani This types of family is very popular in Pakistani

society.society. Usually all the sons after marriage live with parents Usually all the sons after marriage live with parents

till one or more children born to them.till one or more children born to them. Parents + theirs sons+ sons wives and their children Parents + theirs sons+ sons wives and their children

living together.living together.

Matrilineal extended family.Matrilineal extended family. It is a extended family composed of the It is a extended family composed of the

parents, their daughters and their daughter parents, their daughters and their daughter husband and their children.husband and their children.

04.04. Matrilocal family.Matrilocal family. This is the nuclear family with mother and her This is the nuclear family with mother and her

children, without husband-father.children, without husband-father. This is also called the maternal family or simply the This is also called the maternal family or simply the

mother –child unit.mother –child unit.

05.05. Stem family.Stem family. Only one child after marriage continues to live with Only one child after marriage continues to live with

his parents. his parents. His sibling (brothers and sisters) must leave the His sibling (brothers and sisters) must leave the

family after they marry.family after they marry. This family consist of the parents, a son or This family consist of the parents, a son or

daughter, and his or her spouse and children.daughter, and his or her spouse and children.

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Functions of the Family Functions of the Family

1)1) Biological FunctionBiological Function-: the most important function of family is -: the most important function of family is increase of human beings along with bringing up the children. increase of human beings along with bringing up the children. Without this the human generation can not maintain its existence. Without this the human generation can not maintain its existence.

2)2) Love and AffectionLove and Affection-: family is the basic source of love and -: family is the basic source of love and affection in society. Family gives love and affection to its members affection in society. Family gives love and affection to its members in any case. It also satisfies the sexual needs of a person. Due to in any case. It also satisfies the sexual needs of a person. Due to love and affection among husband, wife, and children the family love and affection among husband, wife, and children the family and the social life is strengthened. and the social life is strengthened.

3)3) Educational FunctionEducational Function-: -: family is the first school of the children. family is the first school of the children. The family gives basic formation to the children although the The family gives basic formation to the children although the schools are major source of education but first and foremost schools are major source of education but first and foremost education comes from family. The family focuses on social and education comes from family. The family focuses on social and religious education. religious education.

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( Continue ) ( Continue ) Functions of the FamilyFunctions of the Family

4)4) Recreational FunctionRecreational Function-: -: the family does take care of the family does take care of recreational needs of its members. It is the family recreational needs of its members. It is the family which teaches a person about the limits to fulfill the which teaches a person about the limits to fulfill the recreational needs. recreational needs.

5)5) Religious FunctionReligious Function-: -: family is the first source which family is the first source which gives religious identity to the children. We are not born gives religious identity to the children. We are not born Muslims or Christian it is the family which gives us Muslims or Christian it is the family which gives us religious identity. With the initiation of the religious identity. With the initiation of the socialization process the religious formation is also socialization process the religious formation is also started. started.

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( Continue ) ( Continue ) Functions of the FamilyFunctions of the Family6)6) Social ProtectionSocial Protection-: -: the family provides protection to the family provides protection to

its members from every kind of social and natural its members from every kind of social and natural problems. It gives psychological as well as social problems. It gives psychological as well as social support to the members. support to the members.

7)7) Economic FunctionEconomic Function-: -: the parents work hard for the the parents work hard for the economic empowerment of their children they bring economic empowerment of their children they bring them up and send them for formal education so that them up and send them for formal education so that they ma be able to earn their lively hood. Incase of they ma be able to earn their lively hood. Incase of unemployment it is the family which takes care of a unemployment it is the family which takes care of a person. person.

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ReligioReligion n

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Religious InstitutionReligious Institution“ “ Religion is an ambition of understanding to un-understandable Religion is an ambition of understanding to un-understandable and encompassing the unlimited phenomenon to the Scope of and encompassing the unlimited phenomenon to the Scope of knowledge.” ( A.B Taylor )knowledge.” ( A.B Taylor )

Religion is instinctive to man. Man is the only religious being. Religion is instinctive to man. Man is the only religious being. As reason distinguishes him from animals, he can similarly be As reason distinguishes him from animals, he can similarly be distinguished through religion. Man is finite –infinite being. distinguished through religion. Man is finite –infinite being. From the time when he opened his eyes on this planet he has From the time when he opened his eyes on this planet he has been desirous of knowing and being acquainted with the been desirous of knowing and being acquainted with the conscious power latent in nature. As and when he was conscious power latent in nature. As and when he was compelled to face natural hardship and dangers, storms, floods, compelled to face natural hardship and dangers, storms, floods, lighting, epidemics, famines, deluge, scarcity, dangerous lighting, epidemics, famines, deluge, scarcity, dangerous animals, etc., Man has looked up to some invisible power for animals, etc., Man has looked up to some invisible power for assistance, motivation, strength and help. assistance, motivation, strength and help.

( Continue…..) ( Continue…..)

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( Continue…..)( Continue…..) Religious InstitutionReligious Institution

Thus, this religious tendency awoke in man when he was Thus, this religious tendency awoke in man when he was gripped sometimes by fear and at other times by curiosity. gripped sometimes by fear and at other times by curiosity. And, man tried to realize this intangible for reasons such as to And, man tried to realize this intangible for reasons such as to obtain salvation from sorrows and transience, death, birth, and obtain salvation from sorrows and transience, death, birth, and old age. Similarly man, when he got fade up of the worldly old age. Similarly man, when he got fade up of the worldly sensual love, conceived God as the object of love in supreme sensual love, conceived God as the object of love in supreme aesthetic idealistic form. aesthetic idealistic form.

RELIGIONRELIGION

ReligionReligion is a social institution involving beliefs and is a social institution involving beliefs and practices based upon a conception of the sacred.practices based upon a conception of the sacred.

The The sacredsacred is that which is defined as extraordinary, is that which is defined as extraordinary, inspiring a sense of awe, reverence and even fear. In inspiring a sense of awe, reverence and even fear. In distinction, the distinction, the profaneprofane consists of ordinary elements of consists of ordinary elements of everyday life.everyday life.

Religions involve Religions involve ritualritual, formal ceremonial , formal ceremonial behavior. behavior.

Sociology can investigate the social Sociology can investigate the social consequences of religious activity, but can consequences of religious activity, but can never assess the validity of any religious never assess the validity of any religious doctrine because religion involves doctrine because religion involves faithfaith, , anchored in conviction rather than scientific anchored in conviction rather than scientific evidence.evidence.

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Functions of the ReligionFunctions of the Religion

1)1) Guidance of Human Character:Guidance of Human Character: Religion protect the Religion protect the social values.social values.

2)2) Answer of Supernatural concepts and powers: Answer of Supernatural concepts and powers: the the Religion reduces the Humans curiosity by giving the answer Religion reduces the Humans curiosity by giving the answer of supernatural concepts and powers.of supernatural concepts and powers.

3)3) Satisfaction of Human Desires: Satisfaction of Human Desires: the Religion provides the Religion provides internal satisfaction to human beings.internal satisfaction to human beings.

4)4) Education: Education: the Religion facilitates and guides the human the Religion facilitates and guides the human beings in their personal and social life. beings in their personal and social life.

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( Continue ) ( Continue ) Functions of the ReligionFunctions of the Religion

5)5) The maintenance of Social Organization: The maintenance of Social Organization: the religion the religion maintains the social organization by promoting the teachings of maintains the social organization by promoting the teachings of moral in this way, it promote the value of good and bad for the moral in this way, it promote the value of good and bad for the necessary social control. necessary social control.

6)6) Social cohesion: Social cohesion: Emile Durkheim suggested that because of its Emile Durkheim suggested that because of its focus on the sacred, religion creates a sense of common purpose focus on the sacred, religion creates a sense of common purpose and unity. and unity.

7)7) Social control: Social control: this function of religion was emphasized by Karl this function of religion was emphasized by Karl Marx when he said that religion is “the opium of the people.” Marx when he said that religion is “the opium of the people.” Religion is a powerful force in encouraging conformity. Religion is a powerful force in encouraging conformity.

Political InstitutionsPolitical Institutions

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Political InstitutionPolitical Institution-: Political institution is one of the -: Political institution is one of the important social institution it keeps the society important social institution it keeps the society organized and united through the organ of government. organized and united through the organ of government. To understand the political institution one should try to To understand the political institution one should try to understand. understand.

What is Government?What is Government?

GovernmentGovernment-: -: Government is a group or institution of Government is a group or institution of people which is responsible for social organization and people which is responsible for social organization and administration. It utilizes the force if required to administration. It utilizes the force if required to perform this duty. perform this duty.

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Functions-:Functions-: Law and order and Administrative Functions-Law and order and Administrative Functions-: To maintain : To maintain

social organization and administration. social organization and administration. Welfare Function-Welfare Function-: To provide welfare services to the masses : To provide welfare services to the masses

without any discrimination of class, color and creed. without any discrimination of class, color and creed. Economic Function-Economic Function-: it is the prime responsibility of the : it is the prime responsibility of the

government to maintain economic justice. The government government to maintain economic justice. The government control over the economic resources and mainly responsible for control over the economic resources and mainly responsible for there equal distribution. there equal distribution.

Mediatory and Judicial Function-Mediatory and Judicial Function-: it is also important function : it is also important function of the government to provide mediatory and judicial services. The of the government to provide mediatory and judicial services. The government maintains the balance among all the classes in the government maintains the balance among all the classes in the state. state.

Protection of Resources-Protection of Resources-: it is the prime function of the : it is the prime function of the government to protect and preserve the natural and human government to protect and preserve the natural and human resources of the country. resources of the country.

Educational Institutions Educational Institutions

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Educational Institutional Educational Institutional Educational institutions are those organized establishments Educational institutions are those organized establishments which mainly provide formal education. It is the education which mainly provide formal education. It is the education institution which provide objectivity to a certain society. It institution which provide objectivity to a certain society. It is very much important for individual and social growth and is very much important for individual and social growth and development. John Dewy in book “Democracy and development. John Dewy in book “Democracy and Education” has described the functions of the educational Education” has described the functions of the educational institutions comprehensively as follow: institutions comprehensively as follow:

Functions:Functions:

1)1) Development of Individual’s capacities-: Development of Individual’s capacities-: it is the it is the responsibility of the educational institutions to provide the responsibility of the educational institutions to provide the students the opportunities and environment where his or her students the opportunities and environment where his or her personal qualities and capacities may develop. personal qualities and capacities may develop.

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( Continue ) ( Continue ) Educational InstitutionalEducational InstitutionalFunctions:Functions:

2)2) Awareness of Social and National Objectives: Awareness of Social and National Objectives: every every society has specific national objectives which are drawn society has specific national objectives which are drawn according to the norms and values of the society. It is the according to the norms and values of the society. It is the function of these institutions to infuse these objectives in function of these institutions to infuse these objectives in the minds of students. the minds of students.

3)3) Social and Cultural adjustment: Social and Cultural adjustment: it is the main function it is the main function of the educational institution to inculcate the students of the educational institution to inculcate the students social and cultural values so that may be able to create social and cultural values so that may be able to create better adjustment in prevailing social and cultural better adjustment in prevailing social and cultural environment. environment.

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( Continue ) ( Continue ) Educational InstitutionalEducational InstitutionalFunctions:Functions:

4)4) Construction of Human behavior: Construction of Human behavior: educational institution educational institution are build to give proper formation to its members it is the are build to give proper formation to its members it is the prime responsibility to reconstruct the character and prime responsibility to reconstruct the character and behavior of the students. The respect for social norms, behavior of the students. The respect for social norms, values and objective is promoted among the students values and objective is promoted among the students through educational institutions. through educational institutions.

5)5) Development of Creative abilities: Development of Creative abilities: from educational from educational institutions it is expected that they will develop creative institutions it is expected that they will develop creative senses of the students. The educational institutions provide senses of the students. The educational institutions provide an environment and opportunities where the students can an environment and opportunities where the students can develop their artistic qualities more over students are develop their artistic qualities more over students are equipped with the skills which enable them to earn their equipped with the skills which enable them to earn their lively hood. lively hood.

Economic Institutions Economic Institutions

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Economic InstitutionEconomic Institution

Economic institution are those which directly or Economic institution are those which directly or indirectly related with economic activity of the country. indirectly related with economic activity of the country. These institutions deal in production, distribution of These institutions deal in production, distribution of wealth and services of goods. It includes banks, wealth and services of goods. It includes banks, factories, agricultural and dairy farm etc. factories, agricultural and dairy farm etc.

Functions:Functions:

1)1) Providence of Basic needs: Providence of Basic needs: through the economic through the economic institutions we can fulfill our economic basic needs. institutions we can fulfill our economic basic needs. e.g. we can get food and cloths for our family by paying e.g. we can get food and cloths for our family by paying the cost. the cost.

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( Continue ) ( Continue ) Economic InstitutionalEconomic InstitutionalFunctions:Functions:

2)2) Economic Protection: Economic Protection: economic institutions work to economic institutions work to provide to protection to the members of the society. e.g. the provide to protection to the members of the society. e.g. the institution of pension social security and insurance agencies institution of pension social security and insurance agencies etc. run a related program. etc. run a related program.

3)3) Encourage of the abilities of the persons: Encourage of the abilities of the persons: economic economic institutions give reward to those who utilize their abilities institutions give reward to those who utilize their abilities for the benefit of the society or certain organizations. e.g. for the benefit of the society or certain organizations. e.g. the people are rewarded of promotion and other benefits the people are rewarded of promotion and other benefits upon showing impressing performance. Similarly the upon showing impressing performance. Similarly the economic institutions give financial intensives and jobs to economic institutions give financial intensives and jobs to the sports persons and actors etc. the sports persons and actors etc.

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( Continue ) ( Continue ) Economic InstitutionalEconomic InstitutionalFunctions:Functions:

4)4) Political Stability: Political Stability: economic institutions also play a vital economic institutions also play a vital role in maintaining political stability in the country. If the role in maintaining political stability in the country. If the economic institutions deliver accordingly it brings economic institutions deliver accordingly it brings satisfaction of the masses over the current political satisfaction of the masses over the current political government. If the economic institutions perform properly government. If the economic institutions perform properly they bring about the cause of political stability. they bring about the cause of political stability.

5)5) Effects on the Foreign Policy: Effects on the Foreign Policy: economic institutions also economic institutions also effects the foreign policy of the country. If the economy of effects the foreign policy of the country. If the economy of the country is durable, the country can have sovereign the country is durable, the country can have sovereign policy on contrary economically weak states are not free to policy on contrary economically weak states are not free to formulate their foreign policies. formulate their foreign policies.

Legal InstitutionLegal Institution

Law:Law: Is a rule for guidance of human conduct.Is a rule for guidance of human conduct.

(Salmand)(Salmand)

Function of Legal InstitutionFunction of Legal Institution Social order.Social order. Right and Duties.Right and Duties. Cooperation.Cooperation. Authority.Authority. Morality.Morality.

Recreational institutionRecreational institution

Recreation is removal of boredom and Recreation is removal of boredom and exhaustion by changing roles.exhaustion by changing roles.

Cultures have different recreation activities in Cultures have different recreation activities in their societies.their societies.

The recreational activities also build The recreational activities also build personalities beside physics.personalities beside physics.

Rural RecreationsRural Recreations

Hukka.Hukka. FairsFairs Games and plays.Games and plays. Radio and T.VRadio and T.V Newspaper.Newspaper.

Urban RecreationsUrban Recreations

Commercial recreation.Commercial recreation.

- games, cinema, circus, theatre and drama.- games, cinema, circus, theatre and drama. Formal and informal.Formal and informal.

-hockey, cricket, foot ball and kabaddi etc.-hockey, cricket, foot ball and kabaddi etc.

- story telling, drum beating, dancing, and - story telling, drum beating, dancing, and singing etc.singing etc.

References References

Doda. Z.(2005). Doda. Z.(2005). Introduction to Sociocultural AnthropologyIntroduction to Sociocultural Anthropology . . Ethiopia Public Health Training Initiative, Ministry of Ethiopia Public Health Training Initiative, Ministry of Education.Education.

Andrews, M. M. (1999). Andrews, M. M. (1999). Transcultural concepts in nursing Transcultural concepts in nursing carecare (2 (2ndnd ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott. ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott.

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Thank youThank you