Unit2

Topic:ForeignAffairsfromImperialismtoPostWorldWarI(1898-1930)

TheindustrialandterritorialgrowthoftheUnitedStatesfosteredexpansionoverseas.

GreaterinvolvementintheworldsetthestateforAmericanparKcipaKoninWorldWarIand

aLemptstopreservepost-warpeace.

Chapter2:PostWarTreaKesandtheLeagueofNaKons

ContentStatement:APerWWI,theUnitedStatespursuedeffortstomaintainpeaceintheworld.However,asaresultofthenaKonaldebateovertheVersaillesTreatyraKficaKonandtheLeagueofNaKons,theUnitedStatesmovedawayfromtheroleofworldpeacekeeperand

limiteditsinvolvementininternaKonalaffairs.

ExpectaKonsForLearning:ExplainwhyandhowtheUnitedStatesmovedtoapolicyofisolaKonismfollowing

WorldWarI.

SecKon1:TreatyofVersaillesandTheLeagueofNaKons

ContentElaboraKon:APerWWI,theUnitedStatesemergedasaworldleaderpursuedefforts

tomaintainpeaceintheworld.PresidentWilson’seffortsparKallyhelpedshapetheTreaty

ofVersailles,butdebateoveritstermsandeffortstoavoidforeignentanglementsledtoitsdefeatintheSenateandtheUnitedStates’decisionnottojointheLeagueofNaKons.

The Struggle For Peace

•  THEBIGFOUR

•  These4mettodiscusswhattodowiththelosingside

•  1.PresidentWilson—UnitedStates•  2.DavidLloydGeorge—GreatBritain•  3.GeorgesClemenceau—France•  4.ViLorioOrlando—Italy

TheVersaillesTreaty

•  ***WhenGermanslost,theyfeltthepeacewouldnotbebad.Theywereinforashock!

•  ***TheBigFour(exceptWilson)wantedtopunishGermanyandgetasmuchlandandmoneyfromthemaspossible.

•  ***VersaillesTreaty:theagreementmadeaPerWorldWarIthatwasveryharshtoGermany

TheBigFour

ProvisionsoftheTreaty•  TheProvisionsoftheTreaty(NotasharshasG.B.,France,andItalyhoped,notas

easyasWilsonhoped)

•  1.WarGuiltClause:layssoleresponsibilityforthewaronGermanyandherallies,whichistobeaccountableforalldamagetocivilianpopulaKonsoftheAllies.

•  2.theRhinelandwouldbeoccupiedbyAlliedtroopsforaperiodof15years.•  3.Germanarmedforceswillnumbernomorethan100,000troops•  4.Germannavalforceswillbelimitedto15,000men,sixbaLleships(nomore

than10,000tonsdisplacementeach),sixcruisers(nomorethan6,000tonsdisplacementeach),12destroyers(nomorethan800tonsdisplacementeach)and12torpedoboats(nomorethan200tonsdisplacementeach).Nosubmarinesaretobeincluded.

•  5.CentralPowerslostland,andtheempireswerebrokenup•  6.PolandandCzechoslovakiawerecreated•  7.Germanylosttheircolonies(coalfields)inAfrica•  8.Repara&ons--paymentforlosingthewar--GermanymadetopaytheTOTAL

COST($33Billionowed,$4.5billionactuallypaid)•  9.WilsontriestogettheLeagueofNaKons(FourteenPoints)

LeagueofNaKons

1.  President Wilson’s idea2.  International organization created to

preserve the peace after World War I3.  Collective security

A. All countries in the League would have each other’s back

The fight over the treaty begins

•  1. Senate must have 2/3 vote to pass treaty�•  2. Big debate: Article 10�•  a. If a country in the League of Nations was

attacked, all other nations would help out�

The Failure to Enter the League

•  1. Wilson went to people •  a. traveled 8000 miles •  b. visited 29 cities •  c. gave 40 speeches in 22 days •  d. collapsed and taken back to

White House •  e. had stroke •  f. sick for 8 months

The Failure to Enter the League

•  2. Election of 1920 •  a. Wilson wants League •  --. moral reasons •  b. Warren G. Harding •  --. ran against Wilson •  --. against the League of

Nations •  c. Harding wins •  --. U.S. did not join League

• ***TheLeagueofNaKonsneverhadanypower,becausethemostpowerfulcountryintheworlddidnotjoin!

Military Deaths in World War 1914-1918

•  Belgium 45,550 British Empire 942,135 France 1,368,000 Greece 23,098 Italy 680,000 Japan 1,344 Montenegro 3,000 Portugal 8,145 Romania 300,000 Russia 1,700,000 Serbia 45,000 United States 116,516 Austria-Hungary 1,200,000 Bulgaria 87,495 Germany 1,935,000

OGTMulKpleChoice•  (Practice Test Booklet 2005) The main

purpose of President Wilson’s Fourteen Points at the end of World War I was to

•  A. help leaders of Europe gain additional territory at Germany’s expense

•  B. assure peace in the future by not treating Germany as a vanquished nation

•  C. divide Germany into several parts so it would not be a threat in the future

•  D. gain reparations from Germany to help pay for the cost of the war

OGTMulKpleChoice

•  (Practice Test Booklet 2005) The international organization created to preserve the peace after World War I was the

•  A. North Atlantic Treaty Organization•  B. United Nations•  C. Organization of American States•  D. League of Nations

OGTMulKpleChoice

•  (Blue Book, 2005) Which of the following was a part of Wilson’s Fourteen Points?

•  A. Allies reparations to the Germans•  B. maintenance of national boundaries as

they existed when World War I began•  C. a “guilt clause” for Germany•  D. the establishment of a League of

Nations

OGTMulKpleChoice•  (BaseTestMarch2005)TheLeagueofNaKonswascreatedaPer

WorldWarIasaforumforresolvinginternaKonalconflicts.However,theLeaguewasunabletoresolvetensionsthatledtoWorldWarII.

•  OnefactorthatcontributedtotheineffecKvenessoftheLeaguewasthe

•  A.breakupofcolonialempiresinAfricaandAsia•  B.decisionoftheUnitedStatesnottojointheLeague•  C.opposiKonofLeaguememberstotheTreatyofVersailles•  D.riseoftheColdWarbetweentheUnitedStatesandtheSoviet

Union.

OGTMulKpleChoice•  (Blue Book, 2005) Which of the following

statements is most accurate?

•  A. The U.S. Senate approved the Versailles Treaty with some hesitation.

•  B. The U.S. Senate rejected the Versailles Treaty.

•  C. The U.S joined the League of Nations after the Versailles Treaty was rejected.

•  D. Wilson’s Fourteen Points rejected the idea of a League on Nations.

OGTMulKpleChoice•  “The Big Four” were the leaders of the

countries who won World War I. They included

•  A. France, Spain, Germany, and England•  B. France, Germany, Italy, and the United

States•  C. France, England, Italy, and the United

States•  D. the United States, England, France, and

Austria-Hungary

OGTMulKpleChoice•  The major reason for American opposition to

the League of Nations was

•  A. fear of being required to get involved in future European wars

•  B. Wilson’s failure to promote the League to the public

•  C. the desire of Americans to punish the Central Powers

•  D. the high financial costs of joining the League

OGTExtendedResponse

•  (Base Test March 2005) Historians often cite the harshness of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany as a primary cause of the eventual outbreak of World War II. Summarize two provisions of the Versailles Treaty relating to Germany and discuss how each helped lead to World War II.

SecKon2:OtherPostwarTreaKes

ContentElaboraKon:DesirestoavoidanothermajorwarledtotreaKesaddressingarmslimitaKonandterritorialexpansion(Four,FiveandNinePowerTreaKes).In1928,theUnitedStatessignedthe

Kellogg-BriandPacttoprohibitwaras“aninstrumentofnaKonalpolicy.”IntakingaleadingroleintheselatertreaKes,theUnitedStatessought

tolimititsinvolvementininternaKonalaffairs.

•  APerWorldWarI,theUnitedStatesandothercountriesmadeaLemptstoassuretherewouldneverbeanotherWorldWar.

•  ManytreaKesandpactsweremade

FourPowerTreaty•  TheFour-PowerTreatywasatreatysignedbytheUnitedStates,GreatBritain,FranceandJapanattheWashingtonNavalConferenceon13December1921.

•  BytheFour-PowerTreaty,allparKesagreementtomaintainthestatusquointhePacific,byrespecKngthePacificholdingsoftheothercountriessigningtheagreement,notseekingfurtherterritorialexpansion,andmutualconsultaKonwitheachotherintheeventofadisputeoverterritorialpossessions.

FivePowerTreaty•  atreatyamongthemajornaKonsthathadwonWorldWarI,whichbythetermsofthetreatyagreedtopreventanarmsracebylimiKngnavalconstrucKon.ItwasnegoKatedattheWashingtonNavalConference,whichwasheldinWashington,D.C.,fromNovember1921toFebruary1922,andsignedbythegovernmentsoftheUnitedKingdom,theUnitedStates,Japan,France,andItaly.ItlimitedtheconstrucKonofbaLleships,baLlecruisersandaircraPcarriersbythesignatories.

NinePowerTreaty

•  a1922treatyaffirmingthesovereigntyandterritorialintegrityofChinaaspertheOpenDoorPolicy.

Kellogg-BriandPact•  a1928internaKonalagreementinwhichsignatorystatespromisednottousewartoresolve"disputesorconflictsofwhatevernatureorofwhateverorigintheymaybe,whichmayariseamongthem".[2]ParKesfailingtoabidebythispromise"shouldbedeniedofthebenefitsfurnishedbythistreaty".ItwassignedbyGermany,FranceandtheUnitedStatesonAugust27,1928,andbymostothernaKonssoonaPer.SponsoredbyFranceandtheU.S.,thePactrenouncedtheuseofwarandcalledforthepeacefulseLlementofdisputes