unit 2: population & migration test review. iv. overpopulation – occurs when the resources...
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Unit 2: Population & Migration Test Review
IV. OVERPOPULATION – Occurs when the resources available can’t meet the needs of the people. The “carrying capacity” (the number of people a region or country can support) has been exceeded.
STAGES OF POPULATION GROWTH
STAGE I. NO GROWTH
Population grew very slowly. Many children are born, but many die in childhood. Most people are farmers. Plagues and famine a part of life. Growth patterns until the 1700’s.
Stage II. RAPID GROWTH – Hygiene and medical technology advances quickly. Many babies are still born, but only a few die.
Population eventually explodes in poor countries thanks to improved medical care
Population increases dramatically in wealthy countries.
STAGE III – NO GROWTH
Population begins to level off. Fewer children being born, thus, smaller families. As countries (or families) become wealthier, they have fewer children.
Population grows slowly due to immigration. More deaths than births in the native population.
The USA is in stage 3.
STAGE IV – NEGATIVE OR STAGNANT GROWTH
Current population is not being replaced. More people are dying than are being born.
This is the situation Europe finds itself in. Most countries are in Stage IV. In some countries people are paid a bonus when they have children. Abortion illegal in certain countries.
European Union Flag
Italy’s population is dropping.
Most couples have one or no children.
What does it look like?
Demographic Transition Theory
• Demographic Transition Theory in Action
Malthus’ Theory
• Exponential Growth vs. Linear Growth
• Exponential Growth is the idea that people will grow at a “geometric rate”
• Food is represented as linear growth
• Even with new technology, farmland is limited and does not reproduce itself as people do.
Interpreting a Population Pyramid
•Remember that a population pyramid is basically a bar graph turned on its side. Each line is showing you what percentage of the population is a certain age.
•Examine the title and the type of data presented. (ex. Age breakup, numbers listed below, male-female notation.)
•True pyramids are developing countries. The majority of the population is younger and not many people live to an old age. Developed countries are more rectangular; the population is spread more equally through the age groups.
How to interpret population pyramids
There main types of pyramids– Rapid growth– Slow growth – Negative growth
Shape of rapidgrowth
Shape of Slow growth
Shape of negative growth
High, Slow & Negative Growth
Gravity Model Ravenstein’s Laws
Short Distances due to Distance
Decay
Longer Distances move from rural to urban
Step Migration
Rural to Urban
Counter Flow Migration: 1 IN 1
OUT
Adults move most.
Young people move
internationally.
Net Migration
Net Migration = IN Migration – OUT Migration
IN Migration: more people are coming into an area than they are leaving an area
(More Immigrants than Emigrants)What happens to the population?
OUT Migration: more people are leaving an area than coming into an area
(More Emigrants than Immigrants)What happens to the population?
Types of Migration
• 1. Primitive Migration:
• 2. Forced Migration: • 3. Impelled/Imposed
Migration• 4. Free/Voluntary
Migration• 5. Mass Migration
Migration Selectivity• Not everyone migrates to a different place. • Migration Selectivity puts people into categories that are most
likely to move somewhere
1. AGE: younger people between the ages of 18-30 are most likely to move
2. EDUCATION: People with higher education are most likely to make long-distance moves
3. KINSHIP & FRIENDS: People will follow families members that have moved to another area for a better life. CHAIN MIGRATION helped create cultural neighborhoods.
US Migration Waves
WAVE 1: 1840s, Northern and Western European
WAVE 2: 1840s-1900s, German and Northern European
WAVE 3: 1900s-present, South European, Eastern European, Asian, & Latin Americans
Great Migrations In History
Irish Potato FamineThree Gorges Dam MigrationHurricane Katrina RefugeesAfghanistan RefugeesPartition of India Creation of IsraelPalestinian Migration African America Migration to the NorthDust Bowl Migration
Activity Space
• Activity Space: area where a person moves around to do their daily routine throughout the day
Types of Trips People Take In Their Activity Space Is Determined By:
1. Age Group 2. Ability to Travel 3. Opportunities & Awareness
Space
Space Time Prism
• All people live within a space time prism that sets limits on their activities. There time and space are limited by their ability to move around.
• Example: if you don’t have a car, you can not get a long distance job.