unit 2, lesson 4. a type of protein function as catalysts- substances that speed up chemical...
DESCRIPTION
ReactantsProducts Reactants are the starting ingredients Products are what you get after the reaction happensTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Unit 2, lesson 4. A type of protein Function as catalysts- substances that speed up chemical reactions Enzymes are not changed or used up by the](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081900/5a4d1adf7f8b9ab059976974/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
EnzymesUnit 2, lesson 4
![Page 2: Unit 2, lesson 4. A type of protein Function as catalysts- substances that speed up chemical reactions Enzymes are not changed or used up by the](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081900/5a4d1adf7f8b9ab059976974/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Enzymes
A type of protein Function as catalysts- substances
that speed up chemical reactions Enzymes are not changed or used up
by the reactions They lower the activation energy
required to make chemical reactions happen.
![Page 3: Unit 2, lesson 4. A type of protein Function as catalysts- substances that speed up chemical reactions Enzymes are not changed or used up by the](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081900/5a4d1adf7f8b9ab059976974/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Chemical Reactions
Reactants Products
Reactants are the starting ingredients
Products are what you get after the reaction happens
![Page 4: Unit 2, lesson 4. A type of protein Function as catalysts- substances that speed up chemical reactions Enzymes are not changed or used up by the](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081900/5a4d1adf7f8b9ab059976974/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Enzyme Specificity
We have thousands of enzymes in our body
Each enzyme only works for ONE specific chemical reaction
The shape of the enzyme has to match a specific substrate (the molecule that the enzyme helps to react)
An enzyme has an active site that has to fit with the shape of the substrate
![Page 5: Unit 2, lesson 4. A type of protein Function as catalysts- substances that speed up chemical reactions Enzymes are not changed or used up by the](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081900/5a4d1adf7f8b9ab059976974/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Enzyme Specificity
(Reactant)
![Page 6: Unit 2, lesson 4. A type of protein Function as catalysts- substances that speed up chemical reactions Enzymes are not changed or used up by the](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081900/5a4d1adf7f8b9ab059976974/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Conditions that affect enzymes Each enzyme has a specific
temperature and pH at which it works best
If these conditions change, the enzyme won’t work as well (and may not work at all) because it’s shape and structure will change
![Page 7: Unit 2, lesson 4. A type of protein Function as catalysts- substances that speed up chemical reactions Enzymes are not changed or used up by the](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081900/5a4d1adf7f8b9ab059976974/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Concentration (how much there is) Reaction rates can be affected by
the concentration of the enzyme itself AND the concentration of the substrate.
![Page 8: Unit 2, lesson 4. A type of protein Function as catalysts- substances that speed up chemical reactions Enzymes are not changed or used up by the](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081900/5a4d1adf7f8b9ab059976974/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Your Turn…
Workbook pages 52-54, # 1-5
![Page 9: Unit 2, lesson 4. A type of protein Function as catalysts- substances that speed up chemical reactions Enzymes are not changed or used up by the](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081900/5a4d1adf7f8b9ab059976974/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
#1
Which is NOT a structural feature of an enzyme?B - A substrate is the other molecule to which an enzyme binds
Enzymes are proteins made from a chain of amino acids. They have active sites where they bind to another molecule.
![Page 10: Unit 2, lesson 4. A type of protein Function as catalysts- substances that speed up chemical reactions Enzymes are not changed or used up by the](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081900/5a4d1adf7f8b9ab059976974/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
#2
Which statement describes the reaction?
D- oxygen is a product of the reaction
Water is a product Hydrogen peroxide is the
substrate/reactant Enzymes are NOT consumed by
reactions, and catalase is an enzyme
![Page 11: Unit 2, lesson 4. A type of protein Function as catalysts- substances that speed up chemical reactions Enzymes are not changed or used up by the](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081900/5a4d1adf7f8b9ab059976974/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
#3
Which describes how the concentrations of these substances will change?
C – There will be more galactose (reactant) and the amount of lactase (enzyme) will not change
Lactase = enzyme (doesn’t change) Lactose = substrate (less) Glucose and galactose = products (more)
![Page 12: Unit 2, lesson 4. A type of protein Function as catalysts- substances that speed up chemical reactions Enzymes are not changed or used up by the](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081900/5a4d1adf7f8b9ab059976974/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
#4
Which of the following will NOT affect the rate of the reaction?
D - increasing the substrate concentration
More substrate doesn’t matter if there isn’t enough enzyme to bind with it. Temperature and pH always matter.
![Page 13: Unit 2, lesson 4. A type of protein Function as catalysts- substances that speed up chemical reactions Enzymes are not changed or used up by the](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081900/5a4d1adf7f8b9ab059976974/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
#5 A
What does the graph indicate about the pH of the stomach and small intestine?
Pepsin works in the stomach, so it probably has a pH close to 3
Trypsin works in the small intestine, so it probably has a pH near 7
![Page 14: Unit 2, lesson 4. A type of protein Function as catalysts- substances that speed up chemical reactions Enzymes are not changed or used up by the](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081900/5a4d1adf7f8b9ab059976974/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
#5B
The contents of the stomach are released into the small intestine. How does this affect the function of pepsin included with the stomach contents? Since the small intestine is more acidic,
pepsin won’t work anymore and will become denatured
![Page 15: Unit 2, lesson 4. A type of protein Function as catalysts- substances that speed up chemical reactions Enzymes are not changed or used up by the](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081900/5a4d1adf7f8b9ab059976974/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
#5 C
What is the advantage to having two different protein-digesting enzymes instead of just one? The advantage is that now at least one
enzyme is working in both parts of the digestive tract, so the body has more time to completely break down the protein in food