Unit #2 – Introductory Questions

Chapters 35-37, 10

Introductory Questions #1Introductory Questions #1 1. 1. Give three examples of a modified root and modified leavesGive three examples of a modified root and modified leaves..

2.2. Using Pgs. 718-719 name the three types of tissue Using Pgs. 718-719 name the three types of tissue systems found in plants. Rank the tissues according to systems found in plants. Rank the tissues according to their flexibilities?their flexibilities?

3.3. How can we tell the difference between Parenchyma, How can we tell the difference between Parenchyma, Collenchyma, and Sclerenchyma?Collenchyma, and Sclerenchyma?

4.4. Tracheids and vessel elements are part of the vascular Tracheids and vessel elements are part of the vascular tissue called tissue called ..

5.5. How is the stele in monocots different from the stele in How is the stele in monocots different from the stele in the dicots? How is the pith different from the cortex? the dicots? How is the pith different from the cortex? (see pg. 717)(see pg. 717)

6.6. How is primary growth different from secondary growth? How is primary growth different from secondary growth? The specific areas that plant grow in their body are known The specific areas that plant grow in their body are known as as ..

7.7. An increase in girth is due to cell division occurring in the An increase in girth is due to cell division occurring in the . .

Introductory Questions #2Introductory Questions #2

1. Match each cell with the tissue(s) they’re found in.1. Match each cell with the tissue(s) they’re found in.Parenchyma cellsParenchyma cells A. Ground TissueA. Ground TissueVessels elementsVessels elements B. Dermal TissueB. Dermal TissueTrichomesTrichomes C. Vascular TissueC. Vascular TissueSieve tube cellsSieve tube cellsSclerenchymaSclerenchymaGuard cellsGuard cellsCompanion cellsCompanion cells

2.2. Why is the amount of humus and the particle size of soil so Why is the amount of humus and the particle size of soil so important to plants?important to plants?

3.3. How is a monocot root different from a dicot (eudicot) root? How is a monocot root different from a dicot (eudicot) root? (See the cross sections on pg. 722)(See the cross sections on pg. 722)

4.4. Where is the casparian strip located? Where is the casparian strip located? 5.5. Why must plants use active transport in order to take in ions Why must plants use active transport in order to take in ions

into the root hair cells? Which ion are most difficult for plant to into the root hair cells? Which ion are most difficult for plant to obtain?obtain?

6.6. Give three examples of micronutrient and three examples of a Give three examples of micronutrient and three examples of a macronutrient that plants require. (see chart on pg. 758)macronutrient that plants require. (see chart on pg. 758)

Introductory Questions #3Introductory Questions #31.1. If a stem develops only by primary growth (apical If a stem develops only by primary growth (apical

meristems) then that stem is not woody it is meristems) then that stem is not woody it is _____________ (common in monocots)_____________ (common in monocots)

2.2. Name the two types of lateral meristems seen in Name the two types of lateral meristems seen in woody plants. What purpose do rays serve?woody plants. What purpose do rays serve?

3.3. As the vascular cambium divides it grows in two As the vascular cambium divides it grows in two directions forming the _________ _______ toward directions forming the _________ _______ toward the inside and the __________ ______ toward the the inside and the __________ ______ toward the outside.outside.

4.4. How is summer wood different from spring wood?How is summer wood different from spring wood?5.5. Why must plants open their stomata? When does Why must plants open their stomata? When does

this usually occur?this usually occur?

Introductory Questions #4Introductory Questions #41.1. What is the driving force behind the movement of water in What is the driving force behind the movement of water in

the xylem and sugar through the phloem in plants? the xylem and sugar through the phloem in plants? 2.2. As Sugar is produced in the leaves during photosynthesis, As Sugar is produced in the leaves during photosynthesis,

what is the driving force to move the product down the what is the driving force to move the product down the plant (other than gravity)? What is considered to be the plant (other than gravity)? What is considered to be the “source” and what is considered top be the “sink”? Why is “source” and what is considered top be the “sink”? Why is this movement explained by the “pressure-flow this movement explained by the “pressure-flow hypothesis”?hypothesis”?

3.3. Briefly explain what guttation is and why it is more Briefly explain what guttation is and why it is more significant in smaller plants. (pg. 746) Why does this significant in smaller plants. (pg. 746) Why does this occur at night? How much water pressure can accumulate occur at night? How much water pressure can accumulate in the roots? Name the three solutes that accumulate in the in the roots? Name the three solutes that accumulate in the guard cells allowing for water to move in. What type of guard cells allowing for water to move in. What type of protein channel allows for potassium to enter into the cell?protein channel allows for potassium to enter into the cell?

Introductory Questions #5Introductory Questions #51.1. How is a pinnate leaf different from a palmate leaf? How is a pinnate leaf different from a palmate leaf?

Name the two mesophyll cell layers in a dicot leaf. How Name the two mesophyll cell layers in a dicot leaf. How are these two layers different from each other?are these two layers different from each other?

2.2. Name the two types of cells that make up the mesophyll Name the two types of cells that make up the mesophyll layers in a dicot leaf. What kind of tissue (cell types) layers in a dicot leaf. What kind of tissue (cell types) are they?are they?

3.3. Briefly explain how the stomata open and close. Name Briefly explain how the stomata open and close. Name the ions involved. What color light cause the stomata to the ions involved. What color light cause the stomata to open?open?

4.4. Name Name three factorsthree factors that can affect transpiration in that can affect transpiration in plants.plants.

Introductory Questions #6Introductory Questions #6

1.1. From chapter 10, what did Engelman’s From chapter 10, what did Engelman’s experiment show regarding experiment show regarding photosynthesis? What did he use to photosynthesis? What did he use to determine the rate of photosynthesis?determine the rate of photosynthesis?

2.2. How do plants absorb light energy? Name How do plants absorb light energy? Name some features that allow plants to absorb some features that allow plants to absorb light. What are some differences between light. What are some differences between chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b?chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b?

3.3. Which reactant does the oxygen produced Which reactant does the oxygen produced from photosynthesis directly come fromfrom photosynthesis directly come from

4.4. Where specifically do the light and dark Where specifically do the light and dark reaction take place within a plant cell?reaction take place within a plant cell?

Introductory Questions #7Introductory Questions #7

1)1) Name the Name the three partsthree parts that make up a photosystem. that make up a photosystem.

2)2) How does NADPH differ from NADH?How does NADPH differ from NADH?

3)3) What does it mean when we “FIX” carbon? Does What does it mean when we “FIX” carbon? Does this happen in the light or dark reactions?this happen in the light or dark reactions?

4)4) What is required in order for the light reactions to What is required in order for the light reactions to proceed? proceed?

5)5) How does non-cyclic photophosphorylation differ How does non-cyclic photophosphorylation differ from cyclic photophosphorylation? Which process from cyclic photophosphorylation? Which process is more common?is more common?

Introductory Questions #8Introductory Questions #8

1)1) Name the three phases of the Calvin Cycle. Name the three phases of the Calvin Cycle. Which phases require ATP and how much ATP Which phases require ATP and how much ATP would be needed for producing on glucose would be needed for producing on glucose molecule? molecule?

2)2) What are the substrates that attach to the active What are the substrates that attach to the active sites of Rubisco?sites of Rubisco?

3)3) How does a CHow does a C33 plant differ from a C plant differ from a C44 plant? Give plant? Give 3 examples of a C3 examples of a C33 & C & C44 plant. plant.

4)4) What happens as a result of stomata closing? What happens as a result of stomata closing? 5)5) Which type of plant undergoes photorespiration? Which type of plant undergoes photorespiration?

Does photorespiration occur at night or during Does photorespiration occur at night or during the day? How is photorespiration different from the day? How is photorespiration different from cellular respiration seen in the mitochondria? cellular respiration seen in the mitochondria?

6)6) How are C4 and CAM plants similar and how are How are C4 and CAM plants similar and how are they different? Give an example of both.they different? Give an example of both.