unit 2: international waste legislation

Ingnierie et Gestion de lEnvironnement Industriel (IGEL)

Course: Basics of waste management

http://earth911.com/news/2009/03/09/waste-hierarchy-whos-on-top-in-the-game-of-trash/

Unit 2: International waste legislationContents

1. European system of rule-making and the regulatory bodies(Systme europen de rglementation et organismes de rglementation)

2. EU-legislation

2.1 European waste regulation (Rglement europen des dchets)

2.2. Guiding principals of the waste legislation(Principales directeurs de la lgislation sur les dchets)

2.3 Important contents of the laws (Contenu important de la lgislation)

2.4. Implementation (Germany)

2.5 Future item Riskcycle and REACH-regulation

3. United Nation (UN)

4. International legislation

5. Experience

6. Summary

10/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 2

Unit 2: International waste legislation

1. EU-System


10/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl

Legislation in Europe(Lgislation en Europe)

Constitution (Constitution)

Parliament

Council / Council of Ministers (Conseil/Conseil des ministres)

Commission

European Court

European Audit Division

Programmes, Directive and Regulations (Programmes, normes et rglements)

Control of Legal Implementation in Member States (Examen de la mise en uvre juridique dans les tats membres)

Unit 2: International waste legislation1. EU-System

Describe in outline form

4

www.ackermann-gemeinde.de/


Environmental Policy in the EUPolitique de lenvironnement dans LEU

Programmes

EU-Directive(EU-Normes)

EU-Regulations(EU- Rglements)


Describe in detail

5

http://www.cdu-harburg.de/Wahlen%20Europawahl.htm

Each member of the EU has to set this European law into a national one

Chaque membre de l'UE doit dfinir ce droit europen en une dcision nationale

The Members of the European Union have to create local legislative bodies and authorities to change European law into national law

Les membres de l'Union europenne ont cre des organes lgislatifs locaux qui ont lautorit de modifier la loi europenne en droit national

So the point of this is, that European legislations can also be used in different parts of the world




The German Constitution(loi fondamentale)

Federal President

Bundestag lower house of theGerman Parliament (HIST) Diet of the German

Confederation

Bundesrat upper house of the German Parliament (Sw) Council of Ministers

Federal Government

Federal Constitutional Court

Unit 2: International waste legislation1. EU-System, Germany

7

http://de.123rf.com/photo_7728547_deutscher-reichstag--bundestag--berlin-deutschland.html


Programme

Federal law

Lnder-law

Local law

Federal ordinances

Federal administrative regulation

Implementation (administrative act)

Unit 2: International waste legislation1. EU-System, Germany

8

http://www.urlaubsziele.com/sehenswuerdigkeiten/265/

There are six different measures for policy in the EU:

Regulatory measures

Co-operative solutions

Economic measures

Preventive measures

Methods for the information and motivation


Unit 2: International waste legislation1. EU-System, policy, instruments

9

http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/abfallwirtschaft-e/best-practice-mwm/pdf

1. Regulatory methods:

Regulatory measures are implemented by the government in form of laws, commandments or bans

Les mesures rglementaires sont des mesures par le gouvernement sous la forme de lois, de commandements ou des interdictions

e.g.: bans for using rare materials for industrial production processes

Impact: protecting the environment and looking for alternative materials

2. co-operation agreements

Different organisations and companies make an agreement together. This agreement has the aim of preventing waste generation between production processes.

Diffrentes organisations et les entreprises font un accord ensemble. Cet accord a pour but de prvenir la production de dchets entre les processus de production.

e.g.: Wastes of a company can be used as raw materials by another company generate less waste and more products at the end of the production line



10


3. Economic measures:

Regulatory method in form of environmental taxes, product fees, disposal fees, (les frais des produits, les frais d'limination, ...)

e.g. different taxes for production immissions. A producer is allowed to generate a certain limited amount of immissions in form of CO2

The production of biogas (e.g. methane) from organic waste is supported by the government with a special payment

4. Preventive measures

Measurement to minimize the generation of waste in form of take-back-commissions, leasing and lending models, standardisation, product labelling, environmental certificates/labels, extended producer liability

Mesure de minimiser la production de dchets sous la forme de reprise commitions, la location et de prt des modles, la normalisation, l'tiquetage des produits, des certificats environnementaux / tiquettes, tendu la responsabilit du producteur

e.g. the DSD (dual system Germany) the producers are responsible for their products even after the end of life of the products.



11


5. Information and motivation of waste generators for waste prevention:

Aim is to sensitize the waste producer for waste prevention

education or public information: The waste producer is informed about the correct way to handle waste or to prevent waste generation

But est de sensibiliser le producteur des dchets pour la prvention des dchets

En forme d'ducation ou d'information du public: Le producteur de dchets est en forme sur la faon correcte de traiter les dchets produits ou pour empcher la production de dchets

e.g. education in TV or school for waste separation

6. Secondary markets

The aim of secondary markets is to recover materials from waste by reusing or recycling

Old clothes, glass and paper recycling, L'objectif des marchs secondaires est d'utiliser du matriel, qui sont dclares comme dchets une seconde

fois

Vieux vtements, recyclage du verre et de papier, ...



12



http://blog.gtoys.de/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/GP_Lizenz.jpg http://www.az-online.de/bilder/2010

Packagings with the grne Punkt (Green dot) are collected in the gelben Sack

(the yellow bags) the collecting and treating is paid by the product producer The fee for the

collection and treatment of the products is integrated in the product price

(If you buy a product, you also pay for the collection and treatment of the waste after use)


Ask the students: what kind of instrument

is this German packaging legislation?

13


http://blog.gtoys.de/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/GP_Lizenz.jpg http://www.az-online.de/bilder/2010/

Les emballages avec la "Grne Punkt" (point vert) sont collectes dans (les sacs jaunes)

la collecte et le traitement est pay par le producteur de produits Les frais pour la

collecte et traitement des produits est intgre dans le prix du produit


Ask the students: what kind of instrument

is this German packaging legislation?

14


According to the European Directive on Waste 2008/98/EC (often referred to

as Waste Framework Directive), waste means any substance or object

which the holder discards or intends or is required to discard. As a legal

term, the word discard is not limited to the usual meaning of throw away. It

indicates that recycling and recovery of material or energy may follow. The

Waste Framework Directive 2008/98/EC additionally defines prerequisites

for an exclusion of substances or objects from the waste legislation under

special conditions.

Unit 2: International waste legislation2. EU, policy, legislation

Selon la directive europenne sur les dchets 2008/98/CE (souvent dsign comme la directive cadre sur les dchets),

dchets dsigne toute substance ou tout objet dont le dtenteur se dfait ou a l'intention ou l'obligation de se dfaire . En

terme juridique, se dfaire le mot n'est pas limite la signification habituelle de jeter. Il indique que le recyclage et la

rcupration de matires ou d'nergie peut suivre. La directive cadre Dchets 2008/98/CE dfinit en outre des conditions

pralables une exclusion des substances ou des objets de la lgislation sur les dchets dans des conditions particulires.

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http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?val=483340:cs&lang=en&list=495628:cs,483340:cs,&pos=2&page=1&nbl=2&pgs=10&hwords=&checktexte=checkbox&visu=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?val=483340:cs&lang=en&list=495628:cs,483340:cs,&pos=2&page=1&nbl=2&pgs=10&hwords=&checktexte=checkbox&visu=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?val=483340:cs&lang=en&list=495628:cs,483340:cs,&pos=2&page=1&nbl=2&pgs=10&hwords=&checktexte=checkbox&visu=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?val=483340:cs&lang=en&list=495628:cs,483340:cs,&pos=2&page=1&nbl=2&pgs=10&hwords=&checktexte=checkbox&visu=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?val=483340:cs&lang=en&list=495628:cs,483340:cs,&pos=2&page=1&nbl=2&pgs=10&hwords=&checktexte=checkbox&visu=


2.1. EU, policy,

legislation


This figure shows the European legislative building for environmental protection and waste minimization.




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Overarching = strategic orientations and regulations for an integrated environmental policy

(Orientations stratgiques et rglements pour une politique environnementale intgre)

Basement of the building shows the strategies for waste minimization and environmental protection(stratgies de minimisation des dchets et protection de l'environnement)

In the middle are three columns

Techniques and installations for waste management

Priority waste streams and waste materials

Supervision and monitoring of waste management



18




GIZ: Manual on Hazardous Industrial Waste Management for Low and Middle Income Economies, under preparation

19

EUs Legislative Framework

on Waste

Regulations of Special

Waste Types

Regulations of Processing

and Disposal Facilities

The Directive on Waste

(2008/98/EC)

Regulations of Transport,

Import and Export

e.g.:

Directive on Incineration of

Waste (2000/76/EC)

Directive on the Landfill of

Waste (1999/31/EC)

e.g.:

Directive on Packaging

Waste (94/62/EC)

Directive on End-of-Life

Vehicles (2000/53/EC)

e.g.:

The Regulation on

Shipments of Waste

(1013/2006)


GIZ: Manual on

Hazardous

Industrial Waste

Management for

Low and Middle

Income Economies,

under preparation

20

The following legal acts constitute the backbone of the European Community waste management policy:

1. Directive on Waste (2008/98/EC) It contains basic definitions and lays down basic principles of EU waste

management as well as prescriptions and obligations for waste management

in the EU.

1. Regulation (EC) No 1013/2006 on shipments of waste) It sets out stringent requirements to the control of waste shipments

#import/export/transit, taking into account the principles of self-sufficiency and

proximity for waste for disposal.

Based on the general legal framework, the Community waste management policy is supplemented by a number of more specific

Directives:

Directives and regulations on specific waste streams covering both

measures of prevention and common rules for separate collection

and treatment

1. Directive on Packaging Waste (94/62/EC)

2. Directive on batteries and accumulators (2006/66/EC)

3. Directive on Sewage Sludge in Agriculture (86/278/EEC)

4. Directive on the disposal of PCBs/PCTs (96/59/EC)

5. Directive on end-of life vehicles (2000/53/EC)

6. Directive on waste electrical and electronic equipment (2002/96/EC)

7. Regulation (EC) No 850/2004 on POPs

8. Regulation (EC) No 1102/2008 on the banning of exports of metallic

mercury and certain mercury compounds and mixtures and the safe

storage of metallic mercury

Directives aimed at reducing the impact of treatment and disposal

by setting up common technical standards for operation of

treatment facilities

1. Directive on the incineration of waste (2000/76/EC)

2. Directive on the landfill of waste (1999/31/EC)

3. IPPC Directive 2008/1/EC (soon to be replaced by new EU Industrial

Emissions Directive)

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?val=483340:cs&lang=en&list=495628:cs,483340:cs,&pos=2&page=1&nbl=2&pgs=10&hwords=&checktexte=checkbox&visu=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?val=483340:cs&lang=en&list=495628:cs,483340:cs,&pos=2&page=1&nbl=2&pgs=10&hwords=&checktexte=checkbox&visu=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?val=483340:cs&lang=en&list=495628:cs,483340:cs,&pos=2&page=1&nbl=2&pgs=10&hwords=&checktexte=checkbox&visu=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?val=483340:cs&lang=en&list=495628:cs,483340:cs,&pos=2&page=1&nbl=2&pgs=10&hwords=&checktexte=checkbox&visu=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?val=483340:cs&lang=en&list=495628:cs,483340:cs,&pos=2&page=1&nbl=2&pgs=10&hwords=&checktexte=checkbox&visu=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?val=429771:cs&lang=en&list=429771:cs,&pos=1&page=1&nbl=1&pgs=10&hwords=&checktexte=checkbox&visu=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?val=429771:cs&lang=en&list=429771:cs,&pos=1&page=1&nbl=1&pgs=10&hwords=&checktexte=checkbox&visu=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?val=429771:cs&lang=en&list=429771:cs,&pos=1&page=1&nbl=1&pgs=10&hwords=&checktexte=checkbox&visu=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?val=429771:cs&lang=en&list=429771:cs,&pos=1&page=1&nbl=1&pgs=10&hwords=&checktexte=checkbox&visu=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?val=429771:cs&lang=en&list=429771:cs,&pos=1&page=1&nbl=1&pgs=10&hwords=&checktexte=checkbox&visu=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?val=302037:cs&lang=en&list=302037:cs,&pos=1&page=1&nbl=1&pgs=10&hwords=&checktexte=checkbox&visu=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?val=302037:cs&lang=en&list=302037:cs,&pos=1&page=1&nbl=1&pgs=10&hwords=&checktexte=checkbox&visu=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?val=302037:cs&lang=en&list=302037:cs,&pos=1&page=1&nbl=1&pgs=10&hwords=&checktexte=checkbox&visu=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?val=302037:cs&lang=en&list=302037:cs,&pos=1&page=1&nbl=1&pgs=10&hwords=&checktexte=checkbox&visu=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?val=302037:cs&lang=en&list=302037:cs,&pos=1&page=1&nbl=1&pgs=10&hwords=&checktexte=checkbox&visu=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?val=433535:cs&lang=en&list=449551:cs,449550:cs,436788:cs,435685:cs,433535:cs,&pos=5&page=1&nbl=5&pgs=10&hwords=&checktexte=checkbox&visu=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?val=433535:cs&lang=en&list=449551:cs,449550:cs,436788:cs,435685:cs,433535:cs,&pos=5&page=1&nbl=5&pgs=10&hwords=&checktexte=checkbox&visu=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?val=433535:cs&lang=en&list=449551:cs,449550:cs,436788:cs,435685:cs,433535:cs,&pos=5&page=1&nbl=5&pgs=10&hwords=&checktexte=checkbox&visu=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?val=433535:cs&lang=en&list=449551:cs,449550:cs,436788:cs,435685:cs,433535:cs,&pos=5&page=1&nbl=5&pgs=10&hwords=&checktexte=checkbox&visu=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?val=433535:cs&lang=en&list=449551:cs,449550:cs,436788:cs,435685:cs,433535:cs,&pos=5&page=1&nbl=5&pgs=10&hwords=&checktexte=checkbox&visu=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?val=123141:cs&lang=en&list=123090:cs,123141:cs,&pos=2&page=1&nbl=2&pgs=10&hwords=&checktexte=checkbox&visu=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?val=123141:cs&lang=en&list=123090:cs,123141:cs,&pos=2&page=1&nbl=2&pgs=10&hwords=&checktexte=checkbox&visu=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?val=123141:cs&lang=en&list=123090:cs,123141:cs,&pos=2&page=1&nbl=2&pgs=10&hwords=&checktexte=checkbox&visu=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?val=123141:cs&lang=en&list=123090:cs,123141:cs,&pos=2&page=1&nbl=2&pgs=10&hwords=&checktexte=checkbox&visu=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?val=123141:cs&lang=en&list=123090:cs,123141:cs,&pos=2&page=1&nbl=2&pgs=10&hwords=&checktexte=checkbox&visu=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?val=344406:cs&lang=en&list=264204:cs,264252:cs,249467:cs,344406:cs,415071:cs,313570:cs,313403:cs,310917:cs,201407:cs,151844:cs,&pos=4&page=2&nbl=25&pgs=10&hwords=PCB~PCT~&checktexte=checkbox&visu=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?val=344406:cs&lang=en&list=264204:cs,264252:cs,249467:cs,344406:cs,415071:cs,313570:cs,313403:cs,310917:cs,201407:cs,151844:cs,&pos=4&page=2&nbl=25&pgs=10&hwords=PCB~PCT~&checktexte=checkbox&visu=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?val=344406:cs&lang=en&list=264204:cs,264252:cs,249467:cs,344406:cs,415071:cs,313570:cs,313403:cs,310917:cs,201407:cs,151844:cs,&pos=4&page=2&nbl=25&pgs=10&hwords=PCB~PCT~&checktexte=checkbox&visu=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?val=344406:cs&lang=en&list=264204:cs,264252:cs,249467:cs,344406:cs,415071:cs,313570:cs,313403:cs,310917:cs,201407:cs,151844:cs,&pos=4&page=2&nbl=25&pgs=10&hwords=PCB~PCT~&checktexte=checkbox&visu=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?val=344406:cs&lang=en&list=264204:cs,264252:cs,249467:cs,344406:cs,415071:cs,313570:cs,313403:cs,310917:cs,201407:cs,151844:cs,&pos=4&page=2&nbl=25&pgs=10&hwords=PCB~PCT~&checktexte=checkbox&visu=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?val=236993:cs&lang=en&list=236993:cs,&pos=1&page=1&nbl=1&pgs=10&hwords=&checktexte=checkbox&visu=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?val=236993:cs&lang=en&list=236993:cs,&pos=1&page=1&nbl=1&pgs=10&hwords=&checkt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http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/abfallwirtschaft-e/best-practice-mwm/data_en/PRINCIPLES.pdf


21

The EU has established the following horizontal framework waste legislations:

Framework directive on waste (2008/98/EC)http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:312:0003:0003:EN:PDF

Directive on hazardous waste (91/689/EEC)

Now part of 2008/98/EC

Regulations on the shipments of waste (e.g. Basel convention) Rglement sur les transferts de dchets

Thematic strategy on the prevention and recycling of waste Stratgie thmatique sur la prvention et le recyclage des dchets



22

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:312:0003:0003:EN:PDFhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:312:0003:0003:EN:PDFhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:312:0003:0003:EN:PDFhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:312:0003:0003:EN:PDFhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:312:0003:0003:EN:PDFhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:312:0003:0003:EN:PDFhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:312:0003:0003:EN:PDFhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:312:0003:0003:EN:PDFhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:312:0003:0003:EN:PDFhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:312:0003:0003:EN:PDFhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:312:0003:0003:EN:PDF



Current revision: Framework directive on waste (2008/98/EC)http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:312:0003:0003:EN:PDF

23


http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:312:0003:0003:EN:PDFhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:312:0003:0003:EN:PDFhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:312:0003:0003:EN:PDFhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:312:0003:0003:EN:PDFhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:312:0003:0003:EN:PDFhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:312:0003:0003:EN:PDFhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:312:0003:0003:EN:PDFhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:312:0003:0003:EN:PDFhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:312:0003:0003:EN:PDFhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:312:0003:0003:EN:PDFhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:312:0003:0003:EN:PDF


http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/abfallwirtschaft-e/best-practice-mwm/data_en/FRALAW.pdf


Now integrated in the Waste Framework Directive

24



Distribute a copy of the Waste Framework Directive and explain

structure and content of the legislation. Give some work for the

students to analyse.

http://www.fwr.org/wastewat/wransom09.htm

25




26




27

The EU has the following waste stream related regulations:

Directive on packaging waste (Directive sur les dchets d'emballage)

Directive on electrical and electronic waste (Directive sur les dchets lectriques et lectroniques)

Directive on end-of-life-vehicles (Directive sur la fin de vie des vhicules)

Directive on used batteries and accumulators (Directive sur les piles et accumulateurs usags )

Directive on the disposal of waste oils (Directive sur l'limination des huiles usages )



Waste stream-specific regulationsRglementation spcifique au Flux de dchets

28



http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/abfallwirtschaft-e/best-practice-mwm/data_en/SWSDIR.pdf


29




30



Waste stream-specific regulations


31



32http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/abfallwirtschaft-e/best-practice-mwm/data_en/SWSDIR.pdf





33





34





35

The European Union has two regulations regarding technology of waste treatment: (deux rglementations lie au technologie du traitement des dchets)

Directive on the incineration of waste (Directive sur lincniration des dchets)(meanwhile in the IED-Directive, see later)

Directive on the landfill of waste (Directive relative la mise en dcharge des dchets)


Technology oriented regulations


36



Technology oriented regulations


37



Industry Emission Directive - IED

The EU Industry Emission Directive (IED) has come into force on 1st February

2011 La directive sur les missions de l'UE-Industrie (IED) est venu le 1er Fvrier 2011 dans la force

Basis for European rules and regulations for authorizing industrial plants

This directive is based on the content of the IPC (Integrated Pollution Control)

Directive and compared to the current IPC Directive it has the

following significant changes:

Introduction of a testing obligation of the EU Commission for minimum

requirements for emission control.

Strengthening the application of BAT (Best Available Techniques) in the approval

process - the actual emissions from installations in the future must necessarily lie

in the range of the BAT documents.

Standardized requirements for system monitoring.

Download German Version:

http://www.vdma.org/wps/wcm/connect/ab2c280045a0e7c7a315bb6eafad0bcd/EU_Industrieemissionenl_deutsche_Fassung.pdf?MOD=AJPER

ES&CACHEID=ab2c280045a0e7c7a315bb6eafad0bcd


38


http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrieemissionsrichtlinie

39

The interpretation of the term industrial scale regarding the description of chemical industry activities

described in this Annex. (partly from the defined quantities):

1. Energy industries (e.g. Combustion of fuels in installations with a total rated thermal input of 50 MW or

more, Refining of mineral oil and gas )

2. Production and processing of ferrous and nonferrous metals (e.g. iron production capacity exceeding 2,5

t/h)

3. Mineral industry (e.g. cement clinker in rotary kilns production capacity exceeding 500 t/d, lime-kiln

exceeding 50 t/d, Manufacture of glass including glass fibres melting capacity exceeding 20 t/d)

4. Chemical industry (e.g. Production of chemicals, fertilizers, plant protection products)

5. Waste treatment plants for recovery and disposal (e.g.landfill, combustion, co-combustion)

6. Production of pulp

7. Production of paper and card board ( exceeding 20 t/d)

8. Following wood-based panels: oriented strand board, particleboard or fibreboard (exceeding 600 m3/d)

(*)

9. Pre-treatment or or dyeing of textile fibres or textiles (exceeding 10 t/d)

10. Tanning of hides and skins (ab 12 t/d)

11. Food stuff production (e.g. slaughterhouses more than 50 t/d carcasses, treatment&processing of milk

more than 200 t/d)

12. Disposal or recycling of animal carcases (exceeding 10 t/d)

13. Intensive rearing(e.g. poultry more than 40.000 places, production pigs more than 2000 places over 30

kg)

14. Surface treatment using organic solvents more than 150 kg/h or 200 t/Jahr (e.g. dressing, printing, coat

ing, degreasing, waterproofing, sizing, painting, cleaning or impregnating)

15. Production of carbon

16. Capture of CO2 streams(*)

17. Preservation of wood and wood products (more than 75 m3/d)(*)

18.Particular operated treatment of waste water(*)

The industry installations, that are marked with (*). are not regulated by the current IPC-Directive (2008/1/EG)


Industry Emission Directive - IED

MS provide an environmental inspection plan that covers all installations. MS fournit un plan d'inspection environnementale qui couvre toutes les installations.

This includes in particular:

General assessment of major environmental issues,

Procedures for the establishment of programmes for routine environmental

inspections

Procedures for non-routine environmental inspections

Based on the inspection plans, the competent authority makes out programmes

for routine environmental inspections, in which the frequency of on-site visits is

also determined Sur la base des plans d'inspection, l'autorit comptente rend les programmes pour les inspections environnementales ponctuel les,

dans lequel la frquence des visites sur site est galement dtermine

http://de.sitestat.com/hk/dihk/s?themenfelder.wirtschaftspolitik.raumordnung-stadtentwicklung.stadtentwicklung.staedtebau-und-immissionsschutz.2011.vortraege.02-waskow-

industrieemissionen.pdf.02-waskow-industrieemissionen.pdf&ns_type=pdf&ns_url=http://www.dihk.de/themenfelder/wirtschaftspolitik/raumordnung-

stadtentwicklung/stadtentwicklung/staedtebau-und-immissionsschutz/2011/vortraege/02-waskow-industrieemissionen.pdf/at_download/file


40



The former Waste Incineration Directive is meanwhile part of the IED

Supply copies of the IED and analyse the structur, with emphasis on

the waste related topics like incineration.

41



42



Students work in the internet: get familiar with the EU-Legislation.


43

The EU takes an important role in environmental protection UE joue un rle important dans la protection de l'environnement

No prohibitions of environmental-damaging practices in the EU

Stimulating the protection of the environment by creating new business opportunities with the aim to protect environment and minimize the environmental pollutioncrer de nouvelles opportunits commerciales dans le but de protger l'environnement et minimiser la pollution

With the implementation of the Environmental action plans the EU follows her aimsla mise en uvre de plans d'action environnementaux" suivant les objectifs de UE

Principles of the Environmental action plans: Precautionary principle Principe de prcaution

Polluter ways faons pollueur


What is the meaning of precautionary principle and polluter ways?


44



2.2 Guiding principals of

waste legislation



Explain

Guiding principles for a sustainable resource and waste management System of the EU-legislation

Unit 2: International waste legislation2. EU, policy, guiding principles

Les principes directeurs pour une ressource durable et la gestion des

dchets - Systme de loi l'UE

46

The precautionary principle may be invoked where urgent measures are needed in the face of a possible danger to human, animal or plant health, or to protect the environment where scientific data do not permit a complete evaluation of the risk. It may not be used as a pretext for protectionist measures. [www.umweltbundesamt.de/ abfallwirtschaft-e/best-practice-mwm/pdf] lorsque des mesures urgentes sont ncessaires face d'un danger possible pour la sant humaine, animale ou vgtale, ou pour protger l'environnement o les donnes scientifiques ne permettent pas une valuation complte du risque.


Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty shall not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation. En cas de risque de dommages graves ou irrversibles, l'absence de certitude scientifique absolue ne doit pas tre utilis comme un prtexte pour diffrer mesures rentables pour prvenir la dgradation de l'environnement.

UN Conference on Environment and Development 1992, Rio Declaration

The Precautinary Principle


47

http://www.unep.org/Documents.multilingual/Default.asp?DocumentID=78&ArticleID=1163http://www.unep.org/Documents.multilingual/Default.asp?DocumentID=78&ArticleID=1163http://www.unep.org/Documents.multilingual/Default.asp?DocumentID=78&ArticleID=1163

The Polluter Pays Principle implies that those who cause environmental damage should bear the costs of avoiding it or compensating for it.(qui causent des dommages l'environnement doivent supporter les cots) Therefore public financing of environmental policy is in most cases to be avoided, as it should be financed by the polluters themselves as far as they can be identified. In some cases the polluter may also be obliged to undertake investments to comply with the higher norms set. Producers may also be obliged to take back their products after use and take care for their recycling or safe disposal. Further possibilities are to tax practices which contribute to higher resources consumption or environmentally damaging products through special schemes. Producer and product responsibility are part of the polluter pays principle. [www.umweltbundesamt.de/abfallwirtschaft-e/best-practice-mwm/pdf]


The Poluter Pays Principle

The costs of waste management shall be borne by the original waste producer or by the current or previous waste holders. Les cots de gestion des dchets doit tre support par le producteur de dchets initial ou par les dtenteurs de dchets actuels ou prcdents."

EU Directive 2008/98/EC, Article 14(1)


Principe "Poluter payeur "

48


http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:312:0003:0030:en:PDFhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:312:0003:0030:en:PDFhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:312:0003:0030:en:PDFhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:312:0003:0030:en:PDFhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:312:0003:0030:en:PDFhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:312:0003:0030:en:PDF


To comply with the Duty of Care reasonable steps have to be taken: devoir de diligence les mesures raisonnables doivent tre prises:

1. To prevent the escape of waste whilst it is in the possession of the

holder, and while it is being held by others after being transferred,(empcher l'vasion des dchets)

2. To provide written information which describes the waste when it is

being transferred to another person, sufficiently well to allow them to

comply with their duties (fournir des informations crites qui dcrit les dchets)

3. To ensure that waste is only transferred to a person authorized to

receive it (Afin de s'assurer que les dchets sont transfrs uniquement une personne autorise le recevoir)

4. To prevent waste causing pollution or harm, both when it is under the

holders control and subsequently under the control of those to whom

the waste is transferred. (prvenir la pollution des dchets causant)


The Duty of Care Principle


49



The Cooperative Principle is intended to integrate all participating actors in

the process of environmental decisions (Le principe coopratif est destin intgrer tous les acteurs

participant au processus de dcisions environnementales). This principle is indispensable for

sustainable development, seeing that its holistic approach affects the complexity of production and consumption of goods as well as treatment of wasted materials and products.

The Cooperative Principle is political and governs procedures, aiming for agreements in reaching environmental goals. Industry, citizens, environmental organizations, and science have to take responsibility. Sustainable success in environmental protection can only be achieved if everyone does their bit in their field.(- Le principe coopratif est destin intgrer tous les acteurs participant au processus de dcisions environnementales

- Un succs durable dans la protection de l'environnement peuvent tre atteints que si chacun fait leur part dans leur domaine) .

The Cooperative Principle


50



The waste hierarchy is a concept at European level that provides a preferred order

of priorities for selecting and deciding upon waste management options with the aim

to conserve resources and to minimize environmental damages. Gestion des dchets dans le but de conserver les ressources et de minimiser les dommages environnementaux.

The Principle of the Waste Management Hierachy


The generation of waste is

being prevented

If generation of waste is

cant be prevented, the

waste has to be re-used,

recycled or recovered

The using of waste disposal

is the last step, only if its

not possible to prevent

waste generation and the

waste cant be re-used,

recycled or recovered, the

disposal of waste is allowed

51

The waste hierarchy is not a hard-and-fast rule!

the generated waste has to be treated, that is the rule of the waste hierarchy

The treatment method of the waste is not defined in this concept

i.e. The same type of waste can be treated by different methods

e.g. organic waste ( Dchets biologiques) can be handled in a composting (Compostage) plant or in a fermentation plant.



52




The Member States may take legislative or non-legislative measures to ensure extended

producer responsibility. Extended producer responsibility is expressed among other by actions

as for example:

- Acceptance of returned products (Acceptation des produits retourns)

- Design of products reducing environmental impacts and generation of waste during the

production process and subsequent use of the product

- Provision of publically available (publiquement disponibles) information as to the extent to which the

product is re-usable and recyclable

The principle of Extended Producer Responsibility implies that designers, manufacturers,

importers, distributors and retailers of products that give rise to the generation of wastes, should

take (collective) responsibility for those wastes, rather than expecting the community to bear the

burden. Responsibility should be taken for:

Minimizing waste generated by them;

Designing and developing goods that are inherently re-usable or recyclable and do not contain

materials that pose an unnecessary risk or burden for the environment;

Developing markets for the re-use and recycling of the goods they produce. (Dveloppement de marchs pour la rutilisation et le recyclage des biens qu'ils produisent).

The Principle of Extended Producer Responsibility


responsabilit largie des producteurs

53



Waste management self-sufficiency should be achieved on a regional or

national level and in particular, if possible, on the Member States level of a

political or economical union. To this end, Member States will have to

establish, possibly in co-operation with other Member States, an integrated

and adequate network of waste utilization and disposal facilities . (Les tats membres devront mettre en place, ventuellement en coopration avec d'autres tats membres, un rseau intgr et adquat de

l'utilisation des dchets et des installations d'limination.)

This principle aims at stopping the misuse of economical gaps between

different regions for exporting waste from high income to low- and middle

income countries.Ce principe vise stopper l'utilisation abusive des carts conomiques entre les diffrentes rgions pour l'exportation de

dchets de revenu lev aux pays revenu faible et intermdiaire.


The Principle of Waste Management Self-sufficiency

Gestion des dchets d'auto-suffisance

54


Wastes should be treated or disposed of as close to their source of

generation as possible.

The proximity principle means that waste should be treated and/or disposed

of as near as possible to the point where it arises. This principle aims to

avoid the adverse environmental impacts of unnecessary waste transport.

However, the environmental impacts of transporting wastes very much

depend on local conditions and circumstances.Les dchets doivent tre traits ou limins aussi prs de leur source de production possible.

Le principe de proximit signifie que les dchets doivent tre traits et / ou limins aussi prs que possible du point o e lle

se pose. Ce principe vise viter les impacts environnementaux ngatifs du transport des dchets inutiles. Toutefois, les

impacts environnementaux du transport des dchets dpendent beaucoup des conditions locales et des circonstances. "


The Proximity Principle

55



According to the European Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Directive

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/pollutants/stationary/ippc/index.htm] emissions from

installations to the environment should be reduced to the most possible extent and

economically in the most efficient manner. The European Integrated Pollution Prevention

and Control Bureau (European IPPC Bureau, located in Seville, Spain), provides Best

Available Techniques Reference Documents (BREFs)[1] compiled for various industrial

branches, e.g. for Surface treatment of metals, or Tanning of hides and skins (traitement de

surface des mtaux, ou" Le tannage des cuirs et peaux). Although primarily elaborated for purposes at EU

level, BREF are a useful tool to assess the state-of-the-art of environmental sound

technology. The information contained in the BREFs can help to evaluate what is

technically and economically achievable in terms of best environmental performance

within waste management facilities. See list of published BREF

http://eippcb.jrc.es/reference


The Principle of Best Available Technique (BAT)

Meilleures Techniques Disponibles

56


http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/pollutants/stationary/ippc/index.htmhttp://eippcb.jrc.es/reference


http://www.zawiw-html-kurse.de/ssc08/pages

Fermentation plant (Station de fermentation)

http://www.sanduhr-taufers.eu/uploads/pics/Kompostieranlage

Composting plant(Station de Compostage)

The BAT-Principle gains more importance out of the IED Directive


57

By applying these principles, the EU aims for the followings:

The consumption of renewable and non-renewable resources and the regeneration capacity of the nature must be in balance (La consommation de ressources renouvelables et non renouvelables et la capacit de rgnration de la nature doivent tre en quilibre)

Efficient use of the resources (Utiliser les ressources plus efficacement)

Reduction of the wastage of materials (Rduire le gaspillage de matriaux)

A long-term goal of the EU:

a 20% reduction in the quantity of waste going to final disposal by 2020; a 50% reduction by 2050

The EU has a special strategy to minimize the amount of waste with a concept called the waste hierarchy



58



2.3 Important contents of

laws



Waste

Waste

for Recovery

Waste

for Disposal

Differentiation of Waste according to German Waste LawDiffrenciation des "dchets" selon la loi allemande des dchets

Unit 2: International waste legislation2. EU, policy, important items

60

EU Waste Framework Directive 2008/98/EC


Decision tree for distinguishing waste

from by-products according to criteria

laid down in EU Waste Framework

Directive 2008/98/EC

Arbre de dcision pour distinguer les dchets de sous-

produits en fonction de critres fixs dans l'UE cadre

sur les dchets la directive 2008/98/CE


61


Waste By-product

Waste?

By-product?

yes

Is the

material produced

as an integral part of the

production

process?

Is further use

of the substance or

object certain?

Is the material ready

for use without further

Processing?

Does the

intended use of the

material comply with all

legal requirements?

yes

yes

yes

no

no

no

no

JV2010


Non-hazardous wasteHazardous waste

Hazardous waste?

Non-hazardous waste?

Is the wastelisted as hazardous in the waste catalogue?

Does thewaste exhibit one of the hazard characteristics?

TESTING

yes

no

no

yes

JV2010


62



To make the definition of waste more specific and to reduce

uncertainty, the EU has drawn up the list of wastes which currently

contains 839 types of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes. The EU

waste list contains 20 chapters with several subchapters. Individual

waste types are assigned a six-digit code comprising two digits for

the chapter, two for the subchapter and two specific to the waste

type. Types of waste that are considered hazardous are marked with

an asterisk. Example: 04 02 14* = waste from finishing, containing

organic solvents. There are 405 entries for hazardous waste in the

EWL.

The European Waste List contains 405 waste codes for hazardous

waste and 434 waste codes for non-hazardous waste. Hazardous

waste codes include 222 absolute hazardous entries (Entres absolue

dangereux) for wastes that are know by their origin to be always

hazardous and 183 so-called mirror entries, which have the potential

to be either hazardous or not. Waste is hazardous if it possesses one

or more of fifteen specifically defined hazardous characteristics /

criteria (H1-H15). Assessment methods and threshold limits are

stipulated for most of the H-criteria. Threshold limits are often defined

by risk phrases (R-phrases) relating to the classification of dangerous

substances.


63


Nr. Chapter title

01 Wastes resulting from exploration, mining, dressing and further

treatment of minerals and quarry

02 Wastes from agricultural, horticultural, hunting, fishing and

aquaculture primary production, food preparation and processing

03 Wastes from wood processing and the production of paper,

cardboard, pulp, panels and furniture

04 Wastes from the leather, fur and textile industries

05 Wastes from petroleum refining, natural gas purification and

pyrolytic treatment of coal

06 Wastes from inorganic chemical processes

07 Wastes from organic chemical processes

08 Wastes from the manufacture, formulation, supply and use (MFSU)

of coatings (paints, varnishes and vitreous enamels), adhesives,

sealants and printing inks

09 Wastes from the photographic industry

10 Inorganic wastes from thermal processes

11 Inorganic metal-containing wastes from metal treatment and the

coating of metals, and non-ferrous hydrometallurgy

12 Wastes from shaping and surface treatment of metals and plastics

13 Oil wastes (except edible oils, and those in chapters 05, 12 and 19)

14 Wastes from organic substances used as solvents (except 07 and

08)

15 Waste packaging; absorbents, wiping cloths, filter materials and

protective clothing not otherwise specified

16 Wastes not otherwise specified in the list

17 Construction and demolition wastes (including road construction)

18 Wastes from human or animal health care and/or related research

(except kitchen and restaurant wastes not arising from immediate

health care)

19 Wastes from waste treatment facilities, off-site waste water

treatment plants and the water industry

20 Municipal wastes and similar commercial, industrial and institutional

wastes including separately collected fractions


http://liveserver2.ionas.de/ebalu/unsere_leistungen/schadstoffsammlung/gefahrensymbole.gif

Classification of hazardous wastesClassification des dchets dangereux

Hazardous wastes in natureLes dchets dangereux dans la nature

http://www.maerkisch-oderland.de/cmsemo/upload/Gefaehrlich_fuer_Natur.jpg


64

Wastes (also hazardous and toxic ones) in nature are a consequence of the modern society.

To preserve pristine and clean environment for the next generations and not to get harmed by exposure to the hazardous substances, we have to deal with the wastes, to utilize them and to extract potential new resources out of them (Rutilisation des dchets Dangereux pour gagner de nouvelles ressources possibles partir de ces dchets)

If it is not possible to utilize the wastes, they should be properly managed and disposed of without adverse effects on public health and the environment.


http://www.morgenpost.de/multimedia/archive/00344/sei_Grillen_Muell_B_344624b.jpg


65



HAZARDOUS

WASTEContents: __Paint and Varnish Sludge __(08 01 13*)____

Hazardous property: __Flammable!____________

Department:_ABC_____Date:__01/12/2008___

HANDLE WITH CARE!

CONTAINS HAZARDOUS OR TOXIC WASTE

Contact: Dep. HAZ or [email protected] for disposal

HAZARDOUS

WASTEContents: __Paint and Varnish Sludge __(08 01 13*)____

Hazardous property: __Flammable!____________

Department:_ABC_____Date:__01/12/2008___

HANDLE WITH CARE!

CONTAINS HAZARDOUS OR TOXIC WASTE

Contact: Dep. HAZ or [email protected] for disposal


More will come in the next semester !!

66

GIZ: Draft Manual Industrial Waste Low and Middle iIncome Economies


Students work: Use the toolbox and try to understand


67


2.4 Implementation

(Germany)



82 Mio. inhabitants

344 Mio. Mg waste p.a.

43 Mio. Mg municipal

waste Data for 2008

Unit 2: International waste legislation2. EU, policy, implementation (Germany)

69

http://www.deutschland.de/subseiten/deutschland-auf-einen-blick/deutschlandkarte.html


End-of-Life Vehicles Ordinance

Commercial Wastes Ordinance

Electrical and Electronic

Equipment Act

Ordinance on Environmentally

Compatible Storage of WastePackaging Ordinance

Waste Oil Ordinance

Waste Wood Ordinance

Ordinance on Biowastes

Sewage Sludge Ordinance

Batteries Act

Provisions that implement the Recycling and Waste Management Act, like

Ordinance on the European Waste Catalogue

Ordinance on Transport Licences

Ordinance on Specialized Waste Management Companies (Socits spcialises dans la gestion des dchets)

Ordinance on Waste Recording

Recycling and Waste Management Act

70


Milestones in waste regulations since the 1990s

1991: Technical guidance for municipal solid waste

1992: Packaging Regulation (light weight packaging)

1992: 17th Ordinance to the Clean Air Act, setting standards for waste

incineration plants

1996: Recycling and Waste Management Act (Recyclage et gestion des dchets)

1998: Regulation on Biowaste (Rglementation pour des dchets biologiques)

2001: Regulation on Disposal of Waste (treatment before landfilling

and separation of a high calorific value fraction obligatory) traitement avant enfouissement et la sparation d'une fraction haut pouvoir calorifique obligatoires

2005: Regulation on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment

(WEEE)


Rummler 2010

71


Saving resources and energy Sauvegarde des ressources et l'nergie

Increasing environmental pressures on our planet

Rising consumption of resources Consommation croissante des ressources

Depletion of raw materials Les matires premires deviennent plus rares

Significant disposal problems

Driving forces

Rummler 2010


72


Reduce De-coupling of economic growth and waste generation Dcouplage de la croissance conomique et la gnration de dchets

Efficient use of materials and energy

Utilisation efficace des matriaux et l'nergie

Reuse e.g. returnable systems

Recovery Recycling

Energy recovery Rcupration d'nergieRummler 2010


73


Federal Environmental Ministry works on waste management policy

(travaille sur la politique de gestion des dchets)

prepares legislation

Bundeslaender (Federal States, e.g. Bavaria) participate in legislation (Bundesrat)

organize the responsibilities for enforcement

Competent Authorities (municipalities) monitor the waste sector

surveillance le secteur des dchets

enforce waste lawRespect de droit des dchets Rummler 2010


74


Policy: Recycling and Waste Management Economy

Separation of recoverable materialsSparation des matires valorisables

Expanding recycling facilitiesL'expansion des installations de recyclage

Optimizing waste to energyOptimisation des dchets en nergie


75

Rummler 2010


Legislation Framework

Clear responsibilities for disposal(Des responsabilits claires pour l'limination)

domestic waste local authorities

disposal fee by household

other waste industry

Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)Responsabilit largie des producteurs

Landfill ban on untreated wasteInterdiction d'enfouissement pour les dchets non traits


76

Rummler 2010


Voluntary agreements to fulfill recycling targetsAccords volontaires sur les objectifs de recyclage

waste paper - 1994 -

construction and demolition waste - 1996 -

Legislative acts

Return and recycling/recovery obligations

Retour et recyclage / valorisation des obligations

packagings - 1992 -

end-of-life vehicles - 1998

waste batteries - 1998

electrical and electronic scrap - 2005


72

Rummler 2010


EPR: Extended Producer Responsibility e.g. Packaging

household packaging by "Dual System Germany Ltd (emballages mnagers)

producers have to participate in Dual System for collection/recycling

to join Dual System, producers have to pay a fee per package

Dual System has to collect the packaging at the households

local structure for collecting the packaging is coordinated by the municipality

Actual collection is done by disposal enterprises by order of Dual System

Dual System has to fulfill recycling targets for the different materials


78

Rummler 2010


> 100 Mio t. packaging waste is collected since 1993

high recycling quotas(des quotas de recyclage levs)


79

Rummler 2010


Producer has to register before putting EEE on the market

B2B-equipment

producers have to offer take-back-possibilities for WEEE to the user

other arrangements between producers and users are possible

B2C-equipment municipalities have to collect B2C-equipment from private households

consumers have to return electronic scrap to the local reception points

producers have to pick-up WEEE from the municipalities free-of-charge

producers are responsible for the waste treatment, recycling and recovery


EPR: Extended Producer Responsibility e.g. waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE)

80

Rummler 2010


(5)

small household appliances,

lighting equipment,

electrical/electronic tools,

toys, leisure, sports equipment(4)gas discharge lamps

(2)

cooling devices

(1)

large household

appliances,

automatic dispensers

(3)

IT-, telecommunication-

and consumer equipment

EU collection target: 4 kg per capita

8 kg per capita in 2007collection by municipality


EPR: Extended Producer Responsibility e.g. waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE)

81Rummler 2010


Separate collection

waste paper

glass

packaging waste

waste batteries

electronic waste

biowaste

waste oil


82Rummler 2010


Sorting and treatment

modern technologies

high quality of secondary raw material

market for recycling productsmarch des produits de recyclage


83Rummler 2010

http://www.dergruenepunkt.de/Bilddetails.352+B6Jkw9JnJ1aWQ9NjEmY21kPWRldGFpbHMmY0hhc2g9NDE3NWJkOTI3MA__.0.htmlhttp://www.dergruenepunkt.de/Bilddetails.352+B6Jkw9JnJ1aWQ9NjUmY21kPWRldGFpbHMmY0hhc2g9NDY1YjE5NGJlNQ__.0.htmlhttp://www.gruener-punkt.de/index.php?id=352&ruid=57&cmd=details&cHash=1d1391ffd5


construction waste 88%

packaging waste 79%

recycling 67%

biowaste 8 mio. t.

total waste 74%

municipal solid waste 75%

household waste 77%

production waste 81%


84

Rummler 2010


Recycling of municipal solid waste in EU 25Recyclage des dchets solides municipaux dans l'UE 25


85

Rummler 2010


treatment

waste

CH4

water toxic compounds

Groundwater contamination

treatment

CH4

water toxic compounds

Groundwater contamination

Landfilling as a shift of problems


L'enfouissement comme un dcalage de problmes

86

Rummler 2010


Landfill-methane as the major climate problem

Landfills are the single largest anthropogenic source of

methane (US EPA)

Methane has a 23 (28?) times greater warming potential than

CO2 (!)

Methane accounts for 16% of global greenhouse gas emissions

from human activities

Landfills are significant reactors of generating greenhouse

gases and causing serious climate change problems (!)


mthane de Dcharge, est le problme climatique majeur

87

Rummler 2010


Landfill ban on untreated waste

Waste Storage Ordinance 2005

wastes can no longer be landfilled

without pre-treatment

(Ordonnance de stockage des dchets - 2005dchets ne peuvent plus

tre mis en dcharge sans pr-traitement)

68 WIP 17.8 mio. t. cap.

48 MBWTP 5 mio. t. cap.

from > 8.000 landfills in 1990 to ~160 in 2006


88Rummler 2010


Waste sector offers options forprotection of resources and climate

the main CO2 emission reduction potential will be achieved by diverting waste from landfill

recycling and recovery technologies can:

contribute to a more efficient use of resources

limit environmental degradation

save follow-up costs arising from illegal dumping

protect climate and human health


Secteur des dchets offre des options pour la protection des ressources et du climat

89

Rummler 2010


0

10

20

30

40

1990 1995 2000 2005

de

po

sit

ed

wa

ste

[m

io t

]

0

10

20

30

40

50

me

tha

ne

em

issio

n [

mio

t]

methane emission

deposited untraeted waste

Reduction of greenhouse

gas emission from 1990 to

2004

77%

Data from German Environmental Agency, Dessau 2006

In 1990 methane-emissions from dumps caused 38 million tons of CO2 aq./a in Germany

Benefit for the climate by treating waste before landfilling


Prestations pour le climat, en traitant des dchets avant enfouissement

90

Rummler 2010


10% of Germanys planned reduction

to Kyoto Protocol by waste management industry10% de rduction prvue en Allemagne

Protocole de Kyoto la gestion des dchets de l'industrie

Prognos-Study, 2008, for EU 27:

279 Mio t until 2020 by meeting RC-quotas of new WFD

in mio t

CO2 equivalents


91

Rummler 2010


Incineration

Advantage: proven technology for many years

When a facility is operated with best available technology, the environmental impact is expected to be very low:

high efficiency in recovering of heat and electricity,

very low emissions,

use of different by-products by producing acid and gypsum

utilisation des diffrents sous-produits par la production d'acide et de gypse

use of ashes e.g. in the construction industry

no landfilling; only a small amount of combustion residuals need be disposed of in the subsoil


92

Rummler 2010


Investments in waste economyPrivate investments in environmental

protection [mio. Euro]

year

186.5

204.6

190.8

275.4

213.1

213.6

333.7

240.8

261.0

232.9

[mio. Euro]

15.01 240.32005

12.41 654.72004

12.11 580.12003

16.41 675.12002

13.21 612.02001

13.21 624.22000

18.51 807.31999

14.31 681.01998

14.11 855.41997

12.52 597.81996

[%]

Stat. Bundesamt 2007


93


Benefit to the environment and the economy

Waste treatment

Contributes to climate protection:

- waste collection and recycling are responsible for savings of 17,000

Mio. tons CO2 eq.

- in Germany 4.5 % reduction of greenhouse gas emissions since 1990

(56 Mio. tons CO2 eq.)*

Creates workplaces: in Germany 250.000 employees in the sector of

waste management in 2006

Supports businesses with a turnover of 50 Bill. Euro per year in Germany

is a leading industry for environmental technologies and technology

transfer

* witch outphasing landfills + increased recycling and recovery activities


94

Rummler 2010


2.5 Future item

Riskcycle and reach-

regualtion

10/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Dr. Uwe Lahl 95

Explain Riskcycle and the measurements on EU level

Unit 2: International waste legislation2. EU, policy, future item Riskcycle

Billitewski 2010

Expliquez Cycle de risque et les mesures au niveau europen



Explain REACH:

REACH can be a solution for Riskcycle and is relevant for the waste sector.

Explain the problem and the solution.



10/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 99http://www.echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/draft_war_substances_21122009clean_forweb_en.pdf



http://www.echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/draft_war_substances_21122009clean_forweb_en.pdf


3. United Nation (UN)



The United Nations (UN) have six major bodies:

the General Assembly (the main deliberative assembly),

the Security Council (for deciding certain resolutions for peace and security),

the Economic and Social Council (for assisting in promoting international economic

and social cooperation and development),

the Secretariat (for providing studies, information, and facilities needed by the UN),

the International Court of Justice (the primary judicial organ),

the United Nations Trusteeship Council (which is currently inactive).

Other prominent UN System agencies include

the World Health Organization (WHO),

the World Food Programme (WFP),

the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)

the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

UNEP coordinates the United Nations environmental activities, assisting developing

countries in implementing environmentally sound policies and practices.

Unit 2: International waste legislation3. United Nations (UN)

104


Rio Conference 1992 - The Earth Summit

172 governments participated, with 108 sending their heads of state or government.

Some 2,400 representatives of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) attended, with

17,000 people at the parallel NGO "Global Forum", which had Consultative Status.

The issues addressed included:

systematic scrutiny of patterns of production particularly the production of toxic

components, such as lead in gasoline, or hazardous waste including radioactive

chemicals,

alternative sources of energy to replace the use of fossil fuels which are linked to

global climate change,

new reliance on public transportation systems in order to reduce vehicle emissions,

congestion in cities and the health problems caused by polluted air and smog,

the growing scarcity of water.

Unit 2: International waste legislation3. United Nations (UN)

105


4. International

legislation



UNEP, 2006

Unit 2: International waste legislation4. International legislation

107

UNEP, 2006


Overview of countries that have ratified the Basel Convention as per 2009.

Non-parties to the BC.

UNEP/SIDA

Parties to the BC.

Unit 2: International waste legislation4. Internatio