unit 2-identifying rocks lab - student version
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7/25/2019 Unit 2-Identifying Rocks Lab - Student Version
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Name___________________________________________________________________Hour__________Date__________________
Identifying Rocks LabDirections: Use the Rocks Packet, rock cards, and sample rocks to identify the following common rocks
o !gneous granite, "asalt, andesite, o"sidian, and pumice
o #edimentary sandstone $%uart& form', limestone, shale, conglomerate, and coal $(ituminous form'
o )etamorphic schist, gneiss, mar"le, slate, and %uart&ite
Parent/Daughter Metamorphism: *o identify parent and daughter metamorphism, look in the rocks packet or page +++ in your "ookContact metamorphismoccurs typically around intrusi-eigneous rocksas a result of the temperature increase caused "y the intrusion of magma .ontact
metamorphic rocks are usually known as hornfels Rocks formed "y contact metamorphism may not present signs of strong deformation and are often fine/
grained
Regional metamorphismco-ers large areas of continental crusttypically associated with mountain ranges, particularly su"duction &ones, or the roots
of pre-iously erodedmountains *he collision of two continental platesorisland arcswith continental plates produce the e0treme compressional $ie,
crushing' forces re%uired for the metamorphic changes typical of regional metamorphism *he rock is often foliated or deformed due to the strong
crushing pressures
Igneous Rocks (p. 98-101)
Name Diagnostic
Feature
Origin
(extrusive or
intrusive)
Grain Sie
(fne, coarse,
nonvisible or
mixed)
!inera"
#omposition
Daug$ter
!etamorp$ic Rock
(turns into which
metamorphic rock)
Importance or
%se
&"ate
'ounar
(#on*ergen
t+
Di*ergent+
,rans.+
otspot)
&icture o Rock
(/e sure to co"or)
1. esicu"ar
($o"e)
ig$t2eig$t 3
co"or
aria/"e
Sc$ist possi/"e
4.
Granite intrusion
turns to Gneiss
5.
Fine orne"s
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrusion_(geology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous_rockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous_rockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magmahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornfelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_crusthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectonic_platehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectonic_platehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_archttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_archttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_archttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous_rockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magmahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornfelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_crusthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectonic_platehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_archttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrusion_(geology) -
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6.
Labradorite,
augite,
olivine
Oceanic #rust
7.
#ontinenta"
#rust
Seimentar Rocks (p. 104-10)Name DiagnosticFeature
Grain S$ape
(weathered/roun
ded or not
weathered/jagge
d)
Grain Sie
(fne,
coarse, or
nonvisible)
Rock ,pe
(clastic,
organic, or
chemical)
Origin
(uiet or
:cti*e
;n*ironment
an
escription o
en*.)
Daug$ter
!etamorp$ic
Rock
(turns into)
#ompositio
n
(What the
rock is made
o)
Importance
or %se
&icture o Rock
(/e sure to co"or)
1.
:nt$racite
(metamorp$ic
coa")
4.
5.
#"a
!inera"s
6.
Reacti*e
to :ci
(#ar/onat
e)
uiet
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4.
5. Reacti*e
to :ci
(#ar/onat
e)
6.
7.
Regiona"
!nswer "e#$Ientiing Rocks a/
Igneous Rocks (p. 98-101)Name &"ate
'ounar
!inera"#omposition
Grain Sie(fne, coarse,
or nonvisible)
Origin(extrusive
or
intrusive)
Daug$ter!etamorp$
ic Rock
Importance or
%se
Diagnostic
Feature
&icture o Rock(/e sure to co"or)
1.
&umice
#on*erg
ent
(su/uct
ion
one)
-otspot
-Si"ica
!inera"oi
*o"canic g"ass(not tru" a
minera" /ecause
no crsta""ine
structure)-#a"cite
Non*isi/"e
(some
crsta"s can
/e present)
;>trusi*e
aria/"e
Sc$ist
possi/"e
!i"
a/rasi*e
(e.g.+
"a*a
soap)
-esic"es
($o"es)
-o2
Densit
(?oats in
2ater)
-ig$t
#o"or 3
2eig$t
4.
O/siian
#on*erg
ent
(Su/uc
tion
one)
-otspot
-Si"ica
!inera"oi
*o"canic
g"ass(not tru" a
minera" /ecause
no crsta""ine
structure)
-!agnetite
Non*isi/"e ;>trusi*e
Granite
intrusion
turns to
Gneiss
#utting
too"s
(e.g.+
surgeon
sca"pe")
-
o"canic
g"ass
#onc$oi
a"racture
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5.
:nesite
#on*erg
ent
(Su/uc
tion
@one)
F"espar+
$orn/"ene+
/iotite+
augite
Fine
(fne to
mixed)
;>trusi*e orne"s
:/unant
e>trusi*e
su/uctio
n one
rock
#rus$e
construct
ion stone
-ig$t
an ark
co"ore
minera"s
-!eium
gra
-Fine
grain
6.
'asa"t
-
Di*erge
nt
-otspot
a/raorite+
augite+
o"i*ine
Fine ;>trusi*e :mp$i/o"i
te
Oceanic
#rust
(e.g.+
a2aiian
$otspot)
-#an /e
*esicu"ar
($o"e)
-er
ark gra
to /"ack
7.
Granite#on*erg
ent
(Su/uc
tion
one)
uart+
/iotite+
e"spar+
$orn/"ene
#oarse Intrusi*e Gneiss
#ontinent
a" #rust
(most
a/unant
)
-#oarse
grains
-isi/"e
Auart
Seimentar Rocks (p. 104-10)Name Diagnostic
Feature
Grain S$ape
(weathered/roun
ded or not
weathered/jagge
d)
Grain Sie
(fne,
coarse, or
nonvisible)
Rock ,pe
(clastic,
organic, or
chemical)
Origin
(uiet or
:cti*e
;n*ironment
anescription o
en*.)
Daug$ter
!etamorp$i
c Rock
(turns into)
#ompositi
on
(What the
rock is
made o)
Importance or
%se
&icture o
(/e sure to
1.
#oa"
('itumino
us)
-'"ack
-'ritt"e
-S$in 3
u""
"aers
-Dirt to
$an"e
Non*isi/"e !eium
to Fine
Organic
uiet ;n*.
Bet"ans+
'ogs+
S2amps
(ossi"ie
peat= 100-
500 ma)
:nt$racit
e(metamorp
$ic coa")
&"ants
(i.e.+
peat)
-rocar/
ons
-Fossi"
Fue"
(/urne to
make
e"ectricit C
makes 0
o %.S.
e"ectrica"
nee)
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4.
#ong"ome
rate
-!ae o
pe//"es)
#"astic
:cti*e
en*ironme
nt
Ri*er or
s$ore"ine
Gra*e"+
pe//"es
No economic
importance
5.
S$a"e
-'ane
grain
pattern
(o"iate
)
-Gra to
Re
Eagge Fine #"astic
(c"a
partic"es
)
uiet
en*ironme
nt
("ake/e+
"agoon+
s2amp+
ocean/asin)
S"ate #"a
minera"
s
-!ost
a/unant
seimentar
rock
- Fracking or
oi"
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) san-B$ite
to re
!etamorp$ic Rocks (p. 110-114)Name Diagnostic
Feature
Grain &attern
(oliated or
nonoliated)
Grain S$ape
(round, jagged,
or not visible)
&"ate
'ounar
(#on.+ Di*.+
,rans.+
otspot)
#ontact or
Regiona"
!etamorp$is
m
&arent Igneous
or Seimentar
Rock
(was)
Importance or
%se
&icture o Rock
(/e sure to co"or
1.
uartite
-ooks
"ike
me"te
sugar
-Fine to
coarse
Nono"iate
(non/ane
)
Roun
-&rimari"
#on*ergen
t
(Su/ucti
on one)
%&ransorm
Regiona"
(rare"
contact)
Sanstone-'ui"ing
materia"
-G"ass 2are
4.
S"ate
-Fo"iate
(/ane
pattern)
-S"at
c"ea*ag
e
Fo"iate
(/ane)
Eagge -
#on*ergen
t
%&ransorm
Regiona" S$a"e -Roong+
ti"es+
/"ack/oar
s
5.
!ar/"e
Reacti*e
to
:ci
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I!neo"# Rock Identification ChartCOMPOSITION
TEXTUREFelsic &ntermediate Mafic 'ltramafic
Pegmatitic Granite Pegmatite (iorite Pegmatite Gabbro Pegmatite
Phaneritic Granite (iorite Gabbro (unite
Aphanitic Rhyolite Andesite Basalt
Porphyritic Rhyolite Andesite Basalt
Glassy )bsidian Basaltic Glass*esicular Pumice Scoria
Pyroclastic *olcanic +uff
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Sedimentar$ Rock Identification Chart
TEXTURE %RAIN SI&E COMPOSITION ROC NAME
"lastic
- mm rounded quartz, feldspar and roc# fragments "onglomerate- mm angular quartz, feldspar and roc# fragments Breccia
./.0 ! - mm quartz, feldspar Sandstone
./.0 mm feldspar, quartz Ar#ose
1./.0 mm quartz, clay mineralsSiltstone
2Mudstone, Shale3
1./-40 mm quartz, clay minerals "laystone
"hemical
silica 2quartz3 "hert
dolomite (olostone
calcite $imestone
halite Roc# Salt
gypsum Roc# Gypsum
Biologic
silica 2quartz3 "hert
loosely compacted organic material and plant fragments Peat
densely compacted organic material and plant fragments Bituminous "oal
calcite $imestone
calcite, micro!s#eletal fragments "hal#
calcite, almost entirely shell and s#eletal fragments "oquina
calcite 5ith some shell and s#eletal fragments Fossiliferous $imestone
dolomite 5ith some shell and s#eletal fragments Fossiliferous (olostone
Soi"
E3.p1B 'xplain how ph#sical and chemical weathering leads to erosion and the ormation o soils and sediments
(prerequisite)
;5.p1# escribe how coastal eatures are ormed b# wave erosion and deposition
#ora" rees
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;5.p4'
*denti# common igneous (granite, basalt, andesite, obsidian, pumice),
metamorphic (schist, gneiss, marble, slate, +uartite),
sedimentar# (sandstone, limestone, shale, conglomerate) rocks
E3.1Aiscriminate between igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentar# rocks and describe the processes that change one
kind o rock into another
E3.1B Explain the relationship between the rock cycle and plate tectonics theory in regard to the origins of igneous, sedimentar#, and
metamorphic rocks
E3.1c 'xplain how the sie and shape o grains in a sedimentar# rock indicate the environment o ormation (including
climate) and deposition
E3.1d 'xplain how the cr#stal sies o igneous rocks indicate the rate o cooling and whether the rock is extrusive or
intrusive
;5.1e 'xplain how the texture (oliated, nonoliated) o metamorphic rock can indicate whether it has experiencedregional or contact metamorphism
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