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Unit 18Lot (III)

The part of the boundary of the lot next to a street or road isthe frontage. Developers try to provide at least one side of frontagefor every lot, so owners can have transportation access to their lots.As the name implies, street frontage determines which side of the lotis the front, with the opposite side being the back. Sometimes minor,usually unnamed driveways called alleys, usually publicly owned, alsoprovide access to the back of a lot. When alleys are present, garagesare often located in back of a lot with access from the alley. Alsowhen there are alleys, garbage collection may take place from thealley. Lots at the corners of a block have two sides of frontage andare called corner lots. Corner lots may have the advantage that agarage can be built with street access from the side, but have thedisadvantage that there is more parkway lawn to mow and moresidewalk to shovel snow from. In front of many lots in urban areas,there are sidewalks, usually publicly owned. Beyond the sidewalk,there may sometimes be a strip of land called a parkway, and thenthe drivable part of the street. Local governments often pass zoning

laws which control what buildings can be built on a lot and what theycan be used for. For example, certain areas are zoned for residentialbuildings such as houses. Other areas can be commercially,agriculturally, or industrially zoned. Sometimes zoning laws establishother restrictions such as a minimum lot area and/or frontage lengthfor building a house or other building, maximum building size, orminimum setbacks from a lot boundary for building a structure. This isin addition to building codes which must be met. Also minimum lotsizes and separations must be met when wells and septic systemsare used. In urban areas, sewers and water lines often provideservice to households. There may also be restrictions based oncovenants established by private parties such as the developer.

There may be easements forutilities to run water, sewage, electricpower, or telephonelines through a lot. Like most other types of realestate, lots owned by private parties are subject to a periodic realestate tax payable by the owners to local governments such as acounty ormunicipality. Real estate taxes are assessed based on thevalue of the real property. (AfterWikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia)

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garage_(house)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garbage_collectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidewalkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidewalkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidewalkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_lawnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setback_(land_use)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septic_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covenanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_estate_taxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_estate_taxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipalityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipalityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garbage_collectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidewalkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_lawnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setback_(land_use)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septic_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covenanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_estate_taxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_estate_taxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipalityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garage_(house)

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Vocabularyat least= cel puinbe subject to (v.) = a constitui subiectul corner lot= lot din colcovenant= contractant, parte contractantdrivable part of the street= partea carosabil a strziifrontage = faad, parte a unui teren mrginit de o stradgarbage collection= colectarea deeurilor / gunoaielor

lawn = peluzlength = lungimemow(v.) = a cosi, a tunde iarbaparkway= bulevard, alee, promenadpass (v.) = a da, a emiteprovide (v.) = a asigura, a oferisetback= distansewer= canal de scurgereshovel= a loptatake place (v.) = a avea loczoninglaw= lege privind zonarea teritoriului

Exercises1. True or false?

Statement True False

In urban areas, sewersand water lines often provideservice to households.Lots at the corners of a block have three sides offrontage and are called corner lots.Minimum lot sizes and separations must be metwhen wells and septic systems are used.Real estate taxes are assessed based on the valueof the money.Street frontage determines which side of the lot isthe front, with the opposite side being the back.The part of the boundary of the lot next to a street orroad is the wall.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covenanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garbage_collectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garbage_collectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_lawnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setback_(land_use)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septic_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covenanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garbage_collectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_lawnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setback_(land_use)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septic_system

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2. Group the following words relating to buildings and other largestructures that people build, as in the model.

bank barn bathhouse building castle construction coop courthouse doghouse elevator factory gallery garage gazebo government headquarters grain silo granary greenhouse hen house hospital kennel kiosk kitchenhouse laboratory latrine library lighthouse mall mausoleum museum observatory office outbuilding outhouse palace Parliament house pavilion plant pound pyramid rotunda safe shed shop shopping centre skyscraper stable store storehouse structure supermarket tabernacle tower treasury warehouse

Words referring to

typesof

buildings

buildings

usedby

animals

buildingsused

forworkandto

makethings

buildingsused

tostorethings

buildingsused

tosellthings

buildingsused

bythe

government

bank

3. Fill in with the proper verbs (Present Tense Simple andfrequentative Will)from below.

are includes is results will (3 times)

Waste collection the component ofwaste managementwhich inthe passage of a waste material from the source of production toeither the point of treatment final disposal. Waste collection also the kerbside collection of recyclable materials that technically not

waste, as part of a municipal landfill diversion program. Householdwaste generally be left in waste containers or recycling bins priorto collection by a waste collectorusing a waste collection vehicle. Thewaste collection vehicle often take the waste to a transfer stationwhere it be loaded up into a larger vehicle and sent either to landfillor to an alternative waste treatment facility.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_typehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_typehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_waste_treatment_technologieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_waste_treatment_technologieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landfillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerbside_collectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recyclable_wastehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landfill_diversionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landfill_diversionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Household_wastehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Household_wastehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_containerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_collectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_collection_vehiclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_collection_vehiclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landfillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_waste_treatment_technologieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_typehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_waste_treatment_technologieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landfillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerbside_collectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recyclable_wastehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landfill_diversionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Household_wastehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Household_wastehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_containerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_collectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_collection_vehiclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_collection_vehiclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landfillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_waste_treatment_technologies

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4. Put the text above into Romanian.5. Supply theing forms of the verbs in brackets in the text below inwritten.

(Maintain) a rough lawn requires only occasional (cut) with a suitablemachine, or (graze) by animals. Maintaining higher quality lawns mayrequire special maintenance procedures:- (Mow) regularly with a sharp blade at an even height.- Not mowing when lawn is wet.

- Not (remove) more than 30% to 40% of the plant tissue.- (Alternate) the direction of cut from previous mowing.- (Scarify) and (rake), to remove dead grass and prevent (tuft).- (Roll), to encourage (tiller), i.e. (branch) of grass plants, and to

level the ground.- Top (dress) with sand, soil or other material.- (Spike) oraeration to relieve compaction of the soil.- Additional (water).- (Fertilize) application.- Organic or synthetic pesticide application.There is often heavy social pressure to mow ones lawn regularly.

6. Supply the verbs corresponding to the nouns in the text below.

The rapid urbanization of the 20th century has resulted in a significantamount of slum habitation in the major cities of the world, particularlyin developing countries. There is significant demand for planningresources and strategies to address the issues that arise from slumdevelopment, and many planning theorists and practitioners arecalling for increased attention and resources in this area, particularlythe Commonwealth Association of Planners. When urban plannersgive their attention to slums, one also has to pay attention to theracial make-up of that area to ensure that racial steering does notoccur. The issue of slum habitation has often been resolved via asimple policy of clearance, however more creative solutions arebeginning to emerge such as Nairobis Camp of Fire program,where established slum-dwellers have promised to build properhouses, schools, and community centres without any governmentmoney, in return for land they have been illegally squatting on for 30years. This program is initiated by Slum Dwellers International, which

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarifyinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spikinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertilizerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbanizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Association_of_Plannershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_steeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_of_Firehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slum_Dwellers_Internationalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarifyinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spikinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertilizerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbanizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Association_of_Plannershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_steeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_of_Firehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slum_Dwellers_International

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has programs inAfrica,Asia, and South America.7. Identify the verbs in the Passive Voice in the text below.

Finland may have been the first public housing. In 1909 in Helsinkifour wooden houses designed by the architect A. Nyberg were builton Kirstinkuja for the citys workers. The residents were mainlyworking-class families with several children. The apartments had anaverage of five people per room, sometimes up to eight. The tinyapartments were equipped with running water, a pantry and an attic

cupboard. Every apartment had its own toilet in the cellar. Electriclighting was installed in 1918. The homes and lives of worker familiesin Helsinki from 1909 to 1985 are presented in a museum near theLinnanmki amusement park. The museum is currently beingrenovated and will reopen in summer 2009. Governments since theearly 1990s have also encouraged mixed tenure in regenerationareas and on new-build housing estates, offering a range ofownership and rental options, with a view to engineering socialharmony through including social housing and affordable housingoptions. A recent research report has argued that the evidence basefor tenure mixing remains thin.

8. Turn the verbs in the Passive Voice in the text above into theactive.

9. Match the words in the box with the appropriate suffixes, as in themodel.

Suffix

-able - ible

charitable accessible

access-charit-

comprehens-consider-forc-impercept-incred-inevit-

inexplic-inexpress-

infall-irresist-intang-invis-miser-pleasur-

reason-recogniz-

respons-sens-uncomfort-undesir-unmistak-valu-

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_America

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10. Use the adjectives above in sentences of your own.11. Complete the following with verbs of your own using the Gerundor the Infinitive.

- He does nothing but - I apologize for - I hope you dont mind - Matt wouldnt dare

- My parents want - She always avoids - She congratulated me on - They expect - They keep on - They used to - You must try to stop

12. Give the feminine of the following nouns.

actor boyfriend bridegroom bull Englishman father-in-law he gentleman goat host landlord manservant nephew

poet uncle waiter widower

13. Give the masculine of the following nouns.

duck goose grand-daughter hen heroine hen lady manageress mare queen policewoman

Lets Laugh!A retiring farmer in preparation for selling his land, needed to rid hisfarm of animals. So he went to every house in his town. To the

houses where the man is the boss, he gave a horse. To the houseswhere the woman is the boss, a chicken was given. He got toward theend of the street and saw a couple outside gardening. Whos theboss around here? he asked. I am. said the man. I have a blackhorse and a brown horse, the farmer said, which one would youlike? The man thought for a minute and said, The black one. No,

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no, no, get the brown one. the mans wife said. Heres yourchicken. said the farmer.

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