unit 16

Unit 16

Japan’s manufacturing beltJapan’s manufacturing belt

Where are the heavy industries in Japan?


Japan’s manufacturing belt

The The Manufacturing Manufacturing BeltBelt

Stretching for about

1 000 km from

Tokyo along the

southern coast of

Honshu through the

Inland Sea to

Nagasaki in Kyushu.




The Manufacturing BeltThe Manufacturing Belt

70% of Japan’s manufacturing by value and 58% of manufacturing employment are found.


70% of Japan’s manufacturing by value and 58% of manufacturing employment are found.

Where are the heavy industries Where are the heavy industries in Japan?in Japan?




1. Keihin on the Kanto Plain around Tokyo

Bay2. Chukyo on the Nobi Plain around Ise Bay

5. Kitakyushu in northern Kyushu

4. Setouchi around the Inland Sea

3. Hanshin on the Osaka Plain around Osaka Bay




Keihin on the Kanto Plain around Tokyo Keihin on the Kanto Plain around Tokyo BayBayKeihin on the Kanto Plain around Tokyo Keihin on the Kanto Plain around Tokyo BayBayIt is also called Tokyo-Yokohama Region.

The heart of the zone is the Kawasaki and Yokohama harbour area, a large industrial belt along the northwestern shore of Tokyo Bay.

Factories have been built for the manufacture of such goods as automobiles, machinery, electrical equipment, textiles, and processed foods.




Chukyo on the Nobi Plain around Ise BayChukyo on the Nobi Plain around Ise Bay Chukyo on the Nobi Plain around Ise BayChukyo on the Nobi Plain around Ise Bay

The industrial centre is in Nagoya.

Airline, railway, shipping, and highway connections are extensive.

Chukyo occupies an important place in Japan's industrial scene because of its high standing in the production of textiles, ceramics, and motor vehicles.




Hanshin on the Osaka Plain around Osaka BayHanshin on the Osaka Plain around Osaka BayHanshin on the Osaka Plain around Osaka BayHanshin on the Osaka Plain around Osaka Bay

Bordered by Osaka Bay to the

southwest and bisected by the

Yodo River, the area consists

of a floodplain interspersed

with hills.

Produce iron and steel,

machinery, transport

equipment, and electrical

appliances.




Setouchi around the Inland SeaSetouchi around the Inland Sea Setouchi around the Inland SeaSetouchi around the Inland Sea Most industrial activity occurs in cities located on the Inland Sea coast.

Railway, highway, and shipping connections in the area are extensive.

Chemical plants and heavy industries, including iron, steel, transport machinery, and petrochemicals were developed.




Kitakyushu in northern KyushuKitakyushu in northern Kyushu Kitakyushu in northern KyushuKitakyushu in northern Kyushu

Kita-Kyushu is one of Japan's leading manufacturing centres and is the one in which heavy industry is most prominent.

It specializes in iron and steel, metal, heavy chemicals, cement, and glass.

Why do heavy industries Why do heavy industries concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing

Belt’?Belt’?


Belt’?Belt’?


Japan is a mountainous country with limited lowland.

Three major plains are: the Kanto Plain, the Nobi Plain and the Osaka Plain.

Kanto Plain is the most extensive lowland in Japan and constitutes the most productive and populous area of the country.

Kanto PlainInland

Sea

Nobi PlainOsaka Plain

Lowland areas

Hokkaido

Honshu

Shikoku

Kyushu

ReliefReliefReliefRelief


Belt’?Belt’?


Belt’?Belt’?


Reclamation can be carried out in the bays to provide new lands for further development.

ReliefReliefReliefRelief


Belt’?Belt’?


Belt’?Belt’?


LabourLabourLabourLabourBelow 100

101- 200

Over 200

Persons / km²

Kanto Plain

Nobi PlainOsaka Plain

Hokkaido

Honshu

Shikoku

Kyushu

Over 80% of Japan’s population live in urban cities most of which are found in southern Honshu.


Belt’?Belt’?


Belt’?Belt’?


MarketMarketMarketMarketA large population with a high living standard can mean a big local market for manufactured goods.

Over 5 million people

3-5 million people

1-3 million people

Hokkaido

Honshu

Shikoku

Kyushu

0.25-1 million people

Tokyo

Osaka


Belt’?Belt’?


Belt’?Belt’?


Household Income and Expenditure of Japan (1984-2000)Household Income and Expenditure of Japan (1984-2000)Household Income and Expenditure of Japan (1984-2000)Household Income and Expenditure of Japan (1984-2000)


Belt’?Belt’?


Belt’?Belt’?


TransportTransportTransportTransport

Land transport is very convenient in southern Honshu. Road and railway are well developed.

Commuter train


Belt’?Belt’?


Belt’?Belt’?


Sea TransportSea TransportSea TransportSea Transport

Shinkansen Big cities, also ports and industrial centres

Nagata

Takasaki

Tokyo

Nagoya

OsakaKobe

Fukuyama

KitakyushuFukuoka

Nagasaki

Shimonoseki

km

Coastal shipping

Export of products

Import of raw

materials

Ferry pier


Belt’?Belt’?


Belt’?Belt’?


Air Air TransportTransportAir Air TransportTransport

All Nippon Airways


Belt’?Belt’?


Belt’?Belt’?


Historical factorHistorical factorHistorical factorHistorical factorThe southern Honshu coastal areas and the areas around the Inland Sea have always been the most prosperous parts of Japan.

The region has been better developed socially and economically than other places in the country.

Kyoto


Belt’?Belt’?


Belt’?Belt’?


Benefits from concentrationBenefits from concentration

The savings resulting from having a great variety of industries located together in one region are known as agglomeration economies.

1. Bulk purchasing of materials in large quantities means 1. Bulk purchasing of materials in large quantities means savings as the cost is cheaper.savings as the cost is cheaper.

2. It attracts a large labour force of many varied skills.2. It attracts a large labour force of many varied skills.

3. The supply of raw materials may be much easier. 3. The supply of raw materials may be much easier.

4. Educational institutions may exist to provide valuable 4. Educational institutions may exist to provide valuable services to the industries.services to the industries.

Japan’s manufacturing belt Benefits from Benefits from concentrationconcentrationBenefits from Benefits from concentrationconcentration

Demand and improvement of services and facilities

Starting pointStarting point

Certain geographical advantages e.g. coal deposit

More attractive to migrants and

new industries

Establishment of some industries

More population More factories

How industries How industries founded in a founded in a

region?region?

Should manufacturing activities Should manufacturing activities concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing Belt’?concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing Belt’?

Should manufacturing activities Should manufacturing activities concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing Belt’?concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing Belt’?


The need for dispersionThe need for dispersionThe need for dispersionThe need for dispersion

1. Competition has raised the price of materials, land and labour

2. Congestion

3. Urban problems

Dispersion direction

How to solve?How to solve?

Dispersion of industries away from the

‘Manufacturing Belt’

Terms to learnTerms to learn Terms to learnTerms to learn

• Agglomeration economies ( 集聚經濟效益 ) -- the savings of industrial enterprises resulting from being located within an industrial region

• Konbinato (工業集聚 ) -- a Japanese term for the concentration of manufacturing industries

• Bulk purchase (整批購買 ) -- buying something in large quantities


unit 16

Documents

heavy industries

manufacturing beltkitakyushu

manufacturing beltjapan

manufacturing beltsetouchi

manufacturing beltchukyo

manufacturing beltwhere

manufacturing beltkeihin

manufacturing belthanshin