unit 15b biosphere climate and biomes
TRANSCRIPT
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15.1 Life in the Earth System
KEY CONCEPT The biosphere is one of Earth’s four interconnected systems.
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15.1 Life in the Earth System
The biosphere is the portion of Earth that is inhabited by life. What kinds of things would it include?
• The biosphere includes all ecosystems.– one of Earth’s systems
– includes the biota, all the living things in the biosphere
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15.1 Life in the Earth System
• There are three other Earth systems.
– Hydrosphere—water, ice, and water vapor (Oceans, Rivers, Lakes, and groundwater)
– Atmosphere—air blanketing Earth’s solid and liquid surface
– Geosphere—geologic features above and below Earth’s surface
– Life has been found in all of these systems and virtually everywhere we have looked
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15.2 Climate
KEY CONCEPT Climate is a key abiotic factor that affects the biosphere. How?
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15.2 Climate
Climate is the prevailing weather of a region.
• Climate is the long-term pattern of weather conditions. What conditions would be included?– average temperature– precipitation– relative humidity
• Key factors shape an area’s climate.– temperature– sunlight– water– wind
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15.2 Climate
• A microclimate is the climate of a small specific place within a larger area.
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15.2 Climate
Earth has three main climate zones.
• The three main zones are the polar, tropical, and temperate climates. Which do we live in?– polar climate: the far northern
and southern regions ofEarth
– tropical zone: surrounds the equator
– temperate zone: the wide area in betweenthe polar and tropical zones
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15.2 Climate
• The angle of the Sun’s rays determine an area’s climate.
temperatetemperate
polarpolar
tropicaltropical
temperatetemperate
polarpolar
90 N
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15.2 Climate
• Earth’s tilt on its axis results in seasonal change.
• Solar heating causes movements in both water and air. Why?– wind– ocean currents
• Earth’s rotation also has effects on the winds and currents. How?
• The uneven heating of the Earth is the ultimate cause of all weather. Why?
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15.2 Climate
• Mountains have an effect on climate. How?
western slope eastern slope
– Precipitation occurs on the side of the mountain facing the wind. Why?
– On the downwind side, drier and cooler air produce a rain shadow. Why?
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15.3 Biomes
KEY CONCEPT Biomes are land-based, global communities of organisms.
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15.3 Biomes
Earth has six major biomes.• A biome is a major community of organisms.
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15.3 Biomes
• Tropical rain forest biomes produce lush forests. Why?
– warm temperature– abundant
precipitation all year
Source: World Meteorological Organization
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15.3 Biomes
• Grassland biomes are where the primary plant life is grass.
Rapid City, South Dakota
Source: National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration
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15.3 Biomes
– Temperate grasslands are dry and warm during the summer; cold in winter with most precipitation falls as snow.
• Grassland biomes are where the primary plant life is grass.
– Tropical grasslands are warm throughout the year, with definite dry and rainy seasons.
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15.3 Biomes
• Desert biomes are characterized by a very arid climate. Why?– very low amount of
precipitation– four types: hot, semi-
arid, coastal, and cold
Tucson, Arizona
Source: National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration
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15.3 Biomes
• Temperate forest biomes include deciduous forests and rain forests.– Temperate deciduous forests have hot summers and
cold winters.– Deciduous trees are the dominant plant species.
Source: National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration
Burlington, Vermont
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15.3 Biomes
– Deciduous trees are the dominant plant species.– The temperate rain forests have a long wet season and
relatively dry summer.
• Temperate forest biomes include deciduous forests and rain forests.– Temperate deciduous forests have hot summers and
cold winters.
– Ferns and moss cover the forest floor.
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15.3 Biomes
• The taiga biome is located in cooler northern climates.– boreal forest– long winters and short
summers– small amount of
precipitationSource: Environment Canada
Banff, Canada
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15.3 Biomes
• The tundra biome is found in the far northern latitudes with long winters.– winter lasts 10 months– limited precipitation– permafrost
Barrow, Alaska
Source: National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration
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15.3 Biomes
• Minor biomes, such as chaparral, occur globally on a smaller scale.
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15.3 Biomes
Polar ice caps and mountains are not considered biomes.• Polar ice caps have no soil, therefore no plant community. • The climate and organisms found on mountains change as
the elevation changes.
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15.3 Biomes
1. Which type of growth occurs when a population has unlimited resources and no predators?
• A. logistic growth • B. exponential growth • C. S-shaped growth • D. population crash
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15.3 Biomes
Which type of growth occurs when a population has unlimited resources and no predators?
• A. logistic growth • B. exponential growth • C. S-shaped growth • D. population crash• Correct Answer = B
Which of the following can cause a population crash? • A. a rise in the carrying capacity for a population • B. a rise in the emigration rate • C. a drop in the immigration rate • D. a drop in the carrying capacity for a population
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15.3 Biomes
Which type of growth occurs when a population has unlimited resources and no predators?
• A. logistic growth • B. exponential growth • C. S-shaped growth • D. population crash• Correct Answer = B
Which of the following can cause a population crash? • A. a rise in the carrying capacity for a population • B. a rise in the emigration rate • C. a drop in the immigration rate • D. a drop in the carrying capacity for a population• Correct Answer = D
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15.3 Biomes
Review
• The biosphere is the part of Earth that contains all living things and includes all the ecosystems.
• Climate is the prevailing weather over an area• The uneven heating of the Earth due to its shape, tilt and
rotation determines weather.• The Earth has six major biomes:
– Tropical Rainforest– Grasslands– Desert– Temperate forest– Taiga– Tundra