Unit 13: Prokaryotes

Read Lab safety page 87 of lab book

4 - Kingdoms

2-Domains

DOMAIN“Eubacteria”

Eschericia coli Monera -diagram

DNA ejected from E. coli 1000 times length of cell. Cell treated with enzyme to weaken cell wall.

Bacterial reproduction: Binary fission

Bacterial flagella

flagellum

Bacterial capsules

Photosynthetic bacteria

photosynthetic bacteria

Photosynthetic and chemosynthetic bacteria

Bacteriophage and single strand of DNA

Gene cloning by bacteria.

Root Nodule

nodule

Exercise 1: Bacterial types

Exercise 1: Bacteria Types - rod shaped

individual cell in chain (not filamentous)

Exercise 1: Bacterial Types - spherical shaped

cluster of many cells

Exercise 1: Bacterial Types - spiral shaped

individual cell

Exercise 2:Demonstration Slides

Exercise 2 Demonstartion SlidesOn the Side table are several microscopes set up

to demonstrate the following bacteria:

1. Neisseria gonorrhoeae – “Gonorrhoeae” Cocci, gram negative

2. Borrelia burgdorferi – “Lyme disease”3. Salmonella enteritidis - “Salmonella” gram

negative4. Treponema sp. - “Syphilis” 5. Bacterial flagella – special stain to show flagella

Exercise 3: Living Cultures of

Eubacteria

1. Obtain a dry microscope slide.2. Your instructor will dispense to you one of

the following living bacteria.

1. Bacillus megaterium2. Spirillium volutans

3. After observing place slide in the disinfectant container on table.

Exercise 4: Extracellular Digestion

Compare the results of the extracellular digestion demonstration on the two different

Bacillus bacteria.

Extra cellular Digestion

Starch Agar Bacillus subtilis

No iodine

Iodine added

Starch Agar Bacillus subtilis

Extra cellular Digestion

Extra cellular Digestion

Starch Agar Bacillus brevis

No iodine

Extra cellular Digestion

Starch Agar Bacillus brevis

Iodine

B. brevis lack the enzyme to digest starch

Exercise 5:Effect of Antibiotics on

Bacteria

6. Bacteria cell wall

Bacteria cell wall:: upper gram positive-- cell wall consists of thick peptidoglycanlayers. Lower: Gram negative --- thickouter layer of lipoprotein andlipopolysaccharide; inner layer thin layer ofpeptidoglycan. Eukayotic cells do not have peptidoglycans--penicillin has no effect on them. Gram negative cells do not havecross links in the peptidoglycan layer andare not susceptible to penicillin. Gram “+” and “-”

E. Coli Gram (-)

E. Coli Gram (-)

CIP

C

SSSS

AM

CB

E N

TEP

GM

CC

Bacillus meg. Gram (+)

CIP

C

SSS

CC

E

NTE

P

SAM

CB

GM

E. Coli (-) & Bacillus meg. (+)

ECC GM N P

Bacillus megaterium (Gram +)

E. Coli (Gram -)

Bacillus megaterium E. coli

Exercise 6:Living Cultures of

Cyanobacteria

DOMAINEubacteria

“Blue-greens”Cyanobacteria

Norris Geyser Basin - Yellowstone,Thermoanoerobacter ethanolicus

Norris Geyser Basin - Yellowstone,Thermoanoerobacter ethanolicus

thermozonation = different species communitiesthermozonation = different species communities

Norris Geyser Basin - Yellowstone,

Thermoanoerobacter ethanolicus

Ocillatoria living cyanobacteria

individual cell in filament

Anabaena

See page 290 Fig 14-14 of Biology of Plants for explanation

Gloeocapsa

Lyngbyna

Macrocystus

Spiralina

Spiralina

DOMAIN“Archaea” Exercise 7 Archaea

1. Obtain prepared slide # 65a2. This slide has a mix of three Archaea

bacteria.1. Halobacteria salinarium – small rods.2. Methanomonas methylovara – larger

rods.3. Halococcus agglomeratus – coccus.

An Universal evolutionary Tree as determined by comparing sequences of Ribosomal RNA

Biology of Plants: Fig 13-8 page 270

Biology of Plants: Table 13-3 page 271

Exercise 8 How Diseases Spread

Follow instructions on handout

The EndWe hope you have enjoyed this

presentation on Bacteria life and you will come again next week to see the exciting

world of Fungi!!