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Unit 1.2 History of Card Games

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Page 1: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

Unit 1.2History of Card Games

Page 2: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

First Playing Cards

• The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia.

• In the 10th century, the Chinese used paper-like dominoes, shuffling and dealing them in new games.

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Page 3: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

Introduction of Cards into Europe

1. Islamic cards were introduced into southern Europe about 1350. The suit signs—Coins, Cups, Swords, Sticks—were variously adapted.

"Moorish" card, 14th century (?) (Instituto Municipal de Historia,

Barcelona)

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Page 4: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

First European Playing Cards

• The first European playing cards date from 1370 and come from Spain, Italy, Germany, and Switzerland.

• No cards from this time period survive.

• The earliest surviving cards come from around the 15th century - cards were hand-painted and only afforded by the wealthy.

• With the invention of woodcuts in the 14th century, Europeans began mass-producing cards.

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Page 5: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

First European Playing Cards

• By 1500, three main suit systems had evolved:

• These three suit systems became the basis of standard national patterns.

The Ambras Court Hunting Pack (1445)

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Page 6: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

Evolution of German Cards•Among the early card makers of the Germans were the most imaginative in revising and multiplying suit signs and courts. •German cards also tended to be decorated with lively scenes and caricatures. •The German national pattern finally settled on four suits (Leaves, Hearts, Acorns and Hawk Bells) from which the Queen was banished.

German deck, Nüremberg, 1813

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Page 7: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

Evolution of Tarocco

Divinatory Tarot cards by Etteilla, Paris, 1789

•The Italians also added a wild card (the Fool) •Among the Florentines, the trump suit expanded until their Tarocco totaled 97 cards. The game spread northwards, called Tarot by speakers of French. •The Tarot did not acquire its modern use by fortune tellers until the 1780s

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Page 8: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

French Playing Cards

• It was the French who were instrumental in bringing the pleasures of card play to people in Europe and the New World.

• French cards soon flooded the market and were exported to England first, and then in the British Colonies of America.

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Page 9: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

Evolution of Cards - French

•French card makers, c. 1470, invented the familiar suit signs of Spades, Hearts, Clubs and Diamonds •Popular demand led to mass production through the new technique of the woodcut. •Designs for whole sheets of cards were drawn and carved on woodblocks, then inked and printed on paper, finally separated and glued on cardboard.

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Page 10: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

Card IndicesAfter 1860, Europeans and Americans came to accept card indices, markings on the faces that declared their values. Early indices included:

•Triplicates, when the standard card face bears miniature faces in two corners •Border indices, when numerals and suit signs line the edges of the card •Numerals inscribed within the suit signs• Large numerals dominating the card face

The most popular indices proved to be the small markings in diagonally opposite corners, or, less frequently, in all four corners.

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Page 11: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

History of Modern Suit System

• Our modern suits are from French designs that designed a four-suit system.

• These suits of spades, clubs, diamonds and hearts, and the use of simple shapes and flat colors helped facilitate manufacture.

• The king of hearts represented Charlemagne, the king of Diamonds was Julius Caesar, the king of clubs was Alexander the Great, and the king of spades was King David from the Bible.

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Page 12: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

Early French Suits

HeartsHearts SpadesSpades DiamondsDiamonds ClubsClubs

KingKing CHARLECHARLES S

DAVID DAVID CAESAR CAESAR ALEXANDER ALEXANDER

QueeQueenn

JUDITH JUDITH PALLAS PALLAS RACHEL RACHEL ARGINE ARGINE

JackJack LA HIRE LA HIRE OGIER OGIER HECTOR HECTOR JUDAH JUDAH

Paris pattern, double-ended, 1806

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Page 13: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

Suits and Patterns – Swiss French

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Page 14: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

History of the Saxony Pattern

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Page 15: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

Suits and Patterns - Italian

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Page 16: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

Suits and Patterns – Spanish

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Page 17: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

American Playing Cards

• Americans started producing playing cards around 1800.

• The cards had several improvements:1. Double-headed court cards - no upside down

cards2. Varnished surfaces for durability and smoothness

in shuffling.3. Identifying marks on the borders or corners 4. Rounded corners for extended life

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Page 18: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

Improvements to Playing Cards

• Rounded corners

• Refined finishes

• Double-ended figures

• Joker was born, we now know that the Tarot had not yet entered the U. S. when the Joker first appeared. ,

Double-headed courts by Russell & Morgan, Cincinnati, 1885

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Page 19: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

The Joker

Joker by Victor Mauger, New York, 1875

The Joker seems to have its origins in a special card used in a particular form of Euchre. In

this game, which began in Alsace-Lorraine, two Jacks of the

same color are designated as being especially powerful. When immigrants carried the game to the US, they also brought some

of the specialized German terms, such as Bauer (= Jack). Euchre players still speak of their two

highest cards as "the left and the right Bauer," but the key word is

envisioned as "Bower". Americans added to the Euchre

deck a card even higher than the designated Bowers. It was called the Imperial Bower or the Best Bower. This was the genesis of

the Joker. GAD

Page 20: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

Evolution of the Joker• After the introductions of the Best Bower into Euchre, Americans equipped card games with an extra card (usually as a wild card). Later it became known as the Joker—meaning one that changes character or pops up unexpectedly.

• The use of a jester is logical, not only because of his unpredictable behavior, but because he complements the court cards.

• The Joker is one of America's most picturesque contributions to the history of playing cards.

Joker by Andrew Dougherty, New York, 1875

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Page 21: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

The Joker

• The Joker originated around 1870

• The Joker was known as the "Best Bower"

• The Joker was the highest card in the game of Euchre.

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Page 22: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

The Joker

The most common representation of the joker is a

“Fool”.

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Page 23: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

The Joker

The stick can be often seen on Joker cards.

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Page 24: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

The Joker

Sometimes the Joker plays a musical instrument.

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Page 25: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

The Joker

Sometimes the Joker plays a musical instrument.

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Page 26: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

The Joker

The Joker is sometimes seen as a female.

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Page 27: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

The Joker

The Jokers especially in non-standard games can have a special design that has

only little if any resemblance with the fool.

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Page 28: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

Other Uses of Cards

• Besides playing games, cards were also used for:– Advertise products and

services – Promote ideas – Depict famous

landmarks – Depict famous events– Depict famous people

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Page 29: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

Depict famous people

US-Elections 1963. John F. Kennedy and other persons of the Kennedy-Clan, also politicians from the democratic party.

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Page 30: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

Advertise products

Left: Original Pattern slightly modified, king holds beer glass in hand; Right: Pattern newly designed, but nevertheless you can see the Bavarian Pattern shimmering through.

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Page 31: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

Advertise products

Two examples for advertising in free spaces on the card picture Left: Tobacco ad from the 1930s Right: Ad for the newspaper "Der neue Landfreund" ca. 1980

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Page 32: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

Non-Standard Cards

In this game not only the court cards were redesigned, also the suit symbols

were changed Theme is the "Honey Barrel" a fairy

tale by Lew Ustinow; advertisement for the theatre Altenburg-Gera.

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Page 33: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

Non-Standard Cards

Here the courts are only stylized. These cards were drawn by the artist Sonia Delaunay.

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Page 34: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

Non-Standard Cards

This card game represents the four elements. But they do not appear as the four suits; they are

ranks (king = earth, queen = water, jack = air and Joker

= fire).

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Page 35: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

Non-Standard Cards

The Michelin-Man as playing card court.

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Page 36: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

Souvenir Cards

Left Example: View of the Canary Islands; right: model trains

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Page 37: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

Educational Card Games

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Page 38: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

Types of Card Games

• Adding Games – In adding games, players play in turns, adding the value of

the cards together as they are played. The goal is to reach or avoid certain point totals.

• Fishing Games – Each player is given a hand of cards with a layout of face

up cards on the table. Players play one card in turn. If the card played matches the layout card, the layout card is captured and placed in front of the player. If a card does not match, it becomes part of the layout.

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Page 39: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

Types of Card Games

• Matching Games – Players take turns playing cards to a discard pile.

The card played must match the previous card or fit with the other card in some way (rank, suit, order). The player who match or fit form their hand are penalized by having to draw one or more cards. The object is to get rid of all of your cards.

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Page 40: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

Types of Card Games

• Card Exchange Games – Players have a hand of cards and exchanging a

card or cards with other players. The exchange may be with another player or with a stack of face-up or facedown cards. The object is usually to collect certain cards of set of cards.

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Page 41: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

Types of Card Games

• Draw and Discard Games – Players have a hand of cards and two stacks on the

table. The game involves picking up an unknown card from the stockpile or a known card from the discard pile. The player must then discard a card face-up on the discard pile. Players are trying to improve their position to some end goal.

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Page 42: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

Types of Card Games

• Patience, Solitaire and Free Cell – Card games you play

with yourself.

– Traditionally, the cards were about half the size of regular playing cards.

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Page 43: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

Variations on Card Games

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Page 44: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

Fortune Telling Cards

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Page 45: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

Tarot Cards

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Page 46: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

Card Trivia

Why are Jacks called Jacks?

In the game of All Fours, jack is the name of the point awarded for

winning a trick containing the knave of trumps. The word jack

also had 'a common man' as one of its meanings. At first jack was

considered a lower class term [ref. Dickens's Great Expectations,

1861; Estelle says mockingly of Pip "He calls the knaves, jacks, this boy!"] but it gained acceptance while knave became obsolete.

Modern English usage has knave now left with just one of its original

meanings—a scoundrel.

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Page 47: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

Card TriviaWhy does the Ace rank greater than the King?

There may at one time have been a political undertone,

in that people wanted to see a king overthrown by the most humble peasant, in a

card game if not in real life.

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Page 48: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

Card TriviaWhat is the order of suit

ranking?“It depends what game you are

playing"

•Hearts, diamonds, clubs, spades: Preference, 500, Tysiacha•Clubs, spades, hearts, diamonds: Skat, Doppelkopf, Sheepshead•Spades, hearts, clubs, diamonds: Big Two (Choi Dai Di, Da Lao Er)•Diamonds, hearts, spades, clubs: Pusoy Dos•Clubs, hearts, spades, diamonds: Ninety-nine•Spades, hearts, diamonds, clubs: Contract Bridge

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Page 49: Unit 1.2 History of Card Games GAD. First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards are believed to have originated in Central Asia. In the 10th century,

The end


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