Unit 1 Vocabulary ListCOPY & DEFINE THIS LIST!

(Ch 13)1. Open range

2. Long drive

3. Maverick

4. Homestead

5. Dry farming

6. Sodbuster

7. Nomad

8. Annuity

9. Assimilate

10. Allotment

(Ch 14)11. Laissez-faire

12. Entrepreneur

13. Corporation

14. Pool

15. Monopoly

16. Trust

17. Deflation

18. Trade union

19. Lockout

20. Arbitration

Unit 1 Vocabulary ListCOPY THIS LIST & Define!

Ch. 1631. Patronage32. Rebate33. Populism34. Greenback35. Inflation36. Deflation37. Cooperative38. Graduated income tax39. Goldbug40. Silverite41. Sharecropper42. Poll tax43. Grandfather clause44. Segregation45. Jim Crow laws46. Lynching

Ch. 1521.Steerage22.Nativism23.Tenement24.Graft25.Philanthropy26.Realism27.Vaudeville28.Ragtime29.Naturalism30.Americanism

Unit 1: Map ActivityYour mission: Label and color the map on your own paper!

1. Label each state—abbreviate (RA6-7)Page 417:2. 2 oceans, big lakes (blue)3. Rocky Mtns (brown triangles)4. Cattle Trails (red)5. 6 major Railroads (black)6. Gold (gold)7. Silver mines (purple)Page 429:8. Reservations (green)9. 6 big battles (yellow star)10. Treaty Site & treaty name (orange triangle)Page 445:11. Label the 4 Time Zones (write the zone above the US map w/ a black

line separating each zone)Page 457:12. Strikes: Railroad, Miner, Other (place a “X” a circle around it)

Colors needed:Blue, brown, black, red,

black, gold, purple, green, yellow, orange

Unit 1 Vocabulary ListCh. 1631. Patronage32. Rebate33. Populism34. Greenback35. Inflation36. Deflation37. Cooperative38. Graduated income

tax39. Goldbug40. Silverite41. Sharecropper42. Poll tax43. Grandfather clause44. Segregation45. Jim Crow laws46. Lynching

Ch. 1521.Steerage22.Nativism23.Tenement24.Graft25.Philanthropy26.Realism27.Vaudeville28.Ragtime29.Naturalism30.Americanism

(Ch 13)1. Open

range2. Long

drive3. Maverick4. Homeste

ad5. Dry

farming6. Sodbuste

r7. Nomad8. Annuity 9. Assimilat

e10. Allotment

(Ch 14)11. Laissez-faire12. Entrepreneur13. Corporation14. Pool15. Monopoly16. Trust17. Deflation18. Trade union19. Lockout20. Arbitration

American Literature: An Indian Teacher

Directions: After your quiz…Read the passage (page 431) and answer the questions below. WRITE IN YOUR NOTES FOLDER!

1. Write 3 sentences describing Gertrude Simmons Bonnin (see left caption).

2. Why did Dawee (Bonnin’s brother) lose his job? Explain…

3. How do you think the Indian people feel about the “Great Father in Washington?” Explain…

4. With what you have learned from this letter, write your own letter to the “Great Father in Washington” asking for help and change for your community; and explain the living conditions.

Ch 13 Notes List, Part 1

Part 1:1. mining industry

(states and minerals?)2. Open Range3. Range Wars4. Barbed wire5. Reasons for decline of

open range (list 5 reasons)

6. Joseph Glidden7. Chisholm Trail8. The long drive

9. Ranching becomes big business (4 facts)

10. Geography of the Plains (4 characteristics)

11. Dry farming & Sodbusters

12. Stephen Long report13. Inventions used to

move out West14. The beginnings of

settlement (Why?)15. Homestead Act16. The Wheat Belt &

Bonanzas

Ch 13, Part 2

1. Buffalo Bill Cody2. Native American Society and community (How were they composed?)3. Cultures under pressure4. Who was the leader of the Sioux?5. What event resulted in over 200 unarmed Sioux being massacred by

US troops in 1890?6. Ghost Dance7. Ranchers vs. Indians (list 3 major battles/skirmishes)8. Indian Peace Commission (Goals, purpose, and what they actually

did?)9. The Dawes Act of 188710. George A. Custer11. Assimilation12. Helen Jackson13. General Allotment Act (5 provisions of it?)

Warm-up Question(Write in your NOTES FOLDER)

1. Is America the strongest nation in the world today? Yes/No

2. List 3 reasons why or why not?

Ranching becomes big business The Civil War and the building of

railroads changed the demand for cattle

Large amounts of cattle were slaughtered to feed the armies

After the war beef prices soared making cattle driving the biggest business of the Mid-West

Geography of the Plains

In the 1890s, some farmers tried to survive by mortgaging their land.

Dry farming-the land was so bad that they had to dig deeper for moist land to grow crops

plowed the soil on the Great PlainsVery dry, only 20 inches of rain per year

Stephen Long-1819, he led an expedition through the GP and declared it to be a desert and not fit for settlement

Cornelius Vanderbilt – owned the New York Central – became rich from railroad

Inventions used to move out West

Railroad – This early mechanization of agriculture gave farmers the ability to produce for themselves a surplus supplies of grain and animal products.

The best way to move these products to the major cities was by railroad.

More than any other development, the railroad revolutionized the development of farming and industrial regions west of the Mississippi.

The beginnings of settlement

The lifestyle of someone living in the Great Plains was very challenging and often difficult.

RAILROADS advertised the plains as the ticket to prosperity

Nebraskan claimed farming would increase rainfall there

1870s-rain fell increased above avg. and changed ideas of GP being a desert

Homestead Act a law that helped support the

growth of the Great PlainsPeople could register for $10 and own 160 acres of land and get the title to it after living there for five years

The Wheat Belt

Bonanzas-large profitable wheat farms1860s-farmers used new machines to farm the Great Plains-steel plows, reapers, and threshing machines

New technology allowed wealthy land owners to grow large tracts of wheat, or bonanza farms and this area became known as the Wheat Belt

The wheat-growing region that started at the eastern edge of the Great Plains and moved further westward

Closing the Frontier

Buffalo Bill Cody: Men like Buffalo Bill Cody were hired to kill

buffalo He was an experienced and smart hunter

who knew how to evade (escape from) Native Americans

Some companies sold the hide and others wanted to free the plains of these animals for settlers

Native Americans

The native American population in America suffered a dramatic decline between 1850-1900 as a result of the dramatic decline in the buffalo population.

Most of the Native Am living in the GP were nomadsPlains Indians were divided into bands of 500 people each

A council headed each band

Gender determined their tasks

Religion was based on the power of the natural world

Charles Rath, famous buffalo hunter, seated on rick of 40,000 hides in Robert Wright's Dodge City hide yard in 1878

Stacks of buffalo hides towered along Front Street. - filthy buffalo hunters and traders filled the town's establishments - and the term "stinker" was coined.

Train-masters would take their red caboose lanterns along when visiting the town's "soiled doves" - and the term "red light district" came to life.

Cultures under pressure

Native Americans resented broken promises & treaties by the US government, they attacked ranches and wagon trains-led to war

Annuities-payment given to the NA once a yearTraders usually tricked the NA out of their money

Who was the leader of the Sioux?

Chief Sitting Bull

166. What event resulted in over 200 unarmed Sioux being massacred by US troops in 1890?

What? Massacre at Wounded Knee

Who? Sioux Indian leader, Sitting Bull and US Army

Details - Wovoka, a prophet of the Sioux, developed a religious ritual called the Ghost Dance. The Sioux believed this dance would bring back the buffalo and return the Native American tribes to their land. White settlers were afraid and called on the US Army. They thought Sitting Bull was leading an revolt and arrested him.

Why? The Ghost Dance alarmed white settlers around the Sioux reservations, and they called on the US Army for help.

Result - While the Indians were handing over their weapons in surrender, someone fired a shot. The soldiers then opened fire, killing more than 200 unarmed Sioux (including nearly 70 women and children)

Massacre at Wounded Knee

Ghost DanceThe Ghost dance replaced the Buffalo dance when the buffalo disappeared from the plains. It's practice swept across the west fanned by the desperation of a proud

people destroyed by the humiliation of welfare. It culminated in the tragedy of Wounded Knee. In the belief that the dance would help to bring about the return of the buffalo, their ancestors

and their way of life, they danced until they dropped unconscious to the ground.

• 200 unarmed Sioux killed

• Including nearly 70 women and children

Ranchers vs. Indians

Chief Little Crow led an uprising against Dakota traders over foodSioux chiefs Red Cloud, Crazy Horse, and Sitting Bull rebelled and decided to fight to keep their lands

1866-Red Cloud's forces defeated the US army in Montana (Fettermans Massacre)

1864-Colonel John Chivington was ordered to attack Chief Black Kettle and his tribe who came to meet the US to discuss a peace treaty.  His troops killed hundreds of women, children but he was never charged

Indian Peace Commission

1867-two large reservations were created, one for the Sioux and the other for the Plains Indians

Indians refused to move to the reservations Those who did faced harsh conditions

The Dawes Act of 1887:Turning Tomahawks into Plowshares

Above are before/after photographs of Tom Torlino, a Navajo who was "civilized" at an Indian Training School.

Below is a map showing land held by Native American tribes before the Dawes Act and 100 years later.

The last Native American Wars

1870s-many NA had left the reservations The could not hunt the buffalo and settlers

had killed many of them Professional hunters killed thousands of

buffalo for their hides others just for sport Railroad Co. hired hunters to kill buffalo

blocking the tracks

George A. Custer

1876-gold miners raided reservations looking for gold mines

June 25, 1876-Custer attacked one of the largest groups of NA tribes (2,500) ever assembled with only 210 soldiers and they were all killed

The Battle of the Little Bighorn, commonly referred to as Custer's Last Stand, was an armed engagement between combined forces of Lakota, Northern Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes, against the 7th Cavalry Regiment of the United States Army.

Ghost Dance

Dancing welcomed the day the buffalo would return

US government banned ghost dancing

Wounded Knee Creek—25 Soldiers and more than 200 NA killed

Assimilation

A Century of Dishonor (Helen Jackson)-describes the govt’s broken promises and attacks on NA

Some Americans believe NA situation would change if they could assimilate and become landowners

Allotments-NA reservations were broken up into separate pieces of land

Much of the land was not suitable for farming

Dawes Act

General Allotment Act The US government attempted to settle

Indians on plots of land to farm Result:

Many Indians had no interest or experience in agriculture

Many simply sold their lands to speculators for outrageously low prices

Native Americans were plunged deeper into poverty

Unit 1: Map ActivityYour mission: Label and color the map on your own paper!

1. Label each state—abbreviate (RA6-7)Page 417:2. 2 oceans, big lakes (blue)3. Rocky Mtns (brown triangles)4. Cattle Trails (red)5. 6 major Railroads (black)6. Gold (gold)7. Silver mines (purple)Page 429:8. Reservations (green)9. 6 big battles (yellow star)10. Treaty Site & treaty name (orange triangle)Page 445:11. Label the 4 Time Zones (write the zone above the US map w/ a black

line separating each zone)Page 457:12. Strikes: Railroad, Miner, Other (place a “X” a circle around it)

Colors needed:Blue, brown, black, red,

black, gold, purple, green, yellow, orange

Unit 1: Map ActivityYour mission: Label and color the map on your own paper!

1. Label each state—abbreviate (RA6-7)Page 417:2. 2 oceans, big lakes (blue)3. Rocky Mtns (brown triangles)4. Cattle Trails (red)5. 6 major Railroads (black)6. Gold (gold)7. Silver mines (purple)Page 429:8. Reservations (green)9. 6 big battles (yellow star)10. Treaty Site & treaty name (orange triangle)Page 445:11. Label the 4 Time Zones (write the zone above the US map w/ a black

line separating each zone)Page 457:12. Strikes: Railroad, Miner, Other (place a “X” a circle around it)

Colors needed:Blue, brown, black, red,

black, gold, purple, green, yellow, orange

MAP KEY (write on the back): Oceans - (blue) Rocky Mtns - (brown triangles) Cattle Trails - (red) Railroads - (black) Gold mines - (gold) Silver mines - (purple) Indian Reservations - (green) 6 BIG battles - (yellow star) Treaty Site/Name - (orange triangle) Strikes: (an “X” a circle around it)

Chapter 13 In Summary…

1. Mining2. GP location3. Climate/Terrain4. Cowboys5. Open range6. Ranching

livestock?7. Range wars8. Big business

9. Railroad10. GP Crop11. Native Americans12. Assimilation13. Massacre at Wounded

Knee

14. Ghost Dance15. Peace Commission16. Dawes Act

TIMELINE PROJECT

PRESENTATION DAY!

*Take your timeline to your seat & put your Study Guide in

basket on the cart!

20 QUESTIONS REVIEW GAME!

The Rules:1. Ring bell 1st to answer each

question.2. Highest team score after 20

questions earns 5 Bonus Points on the next test!

UNIT 1: AGRARIANISM TO INDUSTRIALISMPART 2 NOTES

Chapter 14—”BIG Business in America”

Warm-up: CHAPTER 14 REVIEW DAY

CATCH-UP TIME…Take about 15-18 minutes to: Complete your Ch 14 Notes, P2 Chapter 14 SG answers Pop Culture group WS (Complete it and place

on Coach B’s desk) If your done…study your Part 2 notes for the

quiz

Cooperation is the key to your success!

Warm-up:

WORD OF THE WEEK (W.O.W)

Cooperation1. Define it2. Give a personal example

Identify the following terms/questions… Chapter 14 Notes: Part 1`

1. GNP2. How did the US

expand industrially?3. Edwin Drake4. Morrill Tariff5. “Laissez-faire”6. Alexander Graham

Bell7. Gustavius Swift8. March 10, 18769. Cyrus Field10. Robber Baron

11. Pacific Railway Act12. Leland Stafford13. Cornelius Vanderbilt14. Greenville Dodge15. Time Zones16. Jay Gould17. Credit Mobilier18. James J. Hill19. Andrew Carnegie20. CorporationsEssay Question (at least 2 paragraphs):Who were robber barons? What effects

did they have on early America and big business. Support with examples and give your opinion (“I think, I believe, In my opinion).

The US Industrializes

By 1900s—US had become the world’s leading industrial nation

Gross National Product (GNP)—total value of goods a country produces—US’s was 8x greater by end of Civil War

Industry expansions: Natural resources Railroads Petroleum Population increase

Edwin Drake—drilled the 1st oil well in Titusville, PA

Government's role in industrialization

“Laissez-faire”-Let the people do as they choose (business model). Supply and demand control the government to prices and wages

Morrill Tariff: Increased tariffs (taxes on import goods)

greatly Provided railroad grants Sold public lands with mineral resources for

very cheap

New inventions

Northrop automatic loom-changes bobbins without stopping

Famous quote by Alexander Graham Bell: “Come here Watson, I want you.” Developed the telephone

Thomas Edison-phonograph and the light bulb; first electric company in NYC

1877-Gustavius Swift—shipped the first refrigerated load of fresh meat

There was rapid electrical growth due to household appliances and inventions such as the light bulb, telephone,

generator, transatlantic cable. Who invented them?

Light Bulb Generator Thomas A. Edison

176b. There was rapid electrical growth due to household appliances and inventions such as the light bulb, telephone, generator, transatlantic cable. Who invented them?

• On March 10, 1876, Alexander Graham Bell sent the first telephone

transmission.

Alexander Graham Bell

• With Bell’s invention, the communication industry grew at a rapid pace.

• Soon, people could communicate across the nation and across the world.

176c. There was rapid electrical growth due to household appliances and inventions such as the light bulb, telephone, generator, transatlantic cable. Who invented them?

† Cyrus West Field –

† Transatlantic cable -first telegraph cable beneath the Atlantic ocean in 1866.

† It allowed the United States to communicate with Europe immediately through telegraph messages

Linking the nation…Robber Barons To make the rail service more reliable, in 1883 the American

Railway Assoc. divided the country into four time zones. Pacific Railway Act-law (signed by Lincoln) that built railroad

across USA by Union & Central Pacific Railroad Companies Grenville Dodge:

former Union general who oversaw the project-Union Pacific Rail Co. Employed 10,000 workers (immigrants, farmers, miners, farmers,

and ex-convicts) Leland Stanford:

Sold stock in Central pacific Railroad Co. Made a hug fortune Founded Stanford University

Cornelius Vanderbilt-began the first direct rail service from NY to Chicago

Robber Barons

Jay Gould-practiced insider trading, cheated investors, bribed govt. officials, cheated on contracts

Credit Mobilier—a construction company that greatly overcharged the Union Pacific for the work it did; led to UP bankruptcy

James J. Hill— entrepreneur one of the good guys built the Great Northern Railroad—became the most

successful railroad without fed grants promised settlers low fares product were made in USA and shipped to China

177a. What were the captains of industry referred to during the late 1800’s?

Robber barons Many of them acquired their wealth by

exploitation and ruthlessness. John D. Rockefeller Andrew Carnegie Cornelius Vanderbuilt

Chapter 14 Notes…Part 2

1. Fixed costs2. Operating costs3. Economies of scale4. Holding company5. Andrew Carnegie6. Gospel of Wealth7. Bessemer process8. Vertical integration9. Horizontal

integration10. Monopoly

11. John D. Rockefeller12. Andrew Montgomery

Ward13. Early working

conditions???14. What types of labor

problems existed in early unions???

15. Two types of workers? Describe?

16. Marxism & Anarchism17. Describe the struggle of 4

early unions18. Life of Women workers???

Chapter 14 Notes…Part 2

1. Fixed costs2. Operating costs3. Economies of scale4. Holding company5. Andrew Carnegie6. Gospel of Wealth7. Bessemer process8. Vertical integration9. Horizontal

integration10. Monopoly

11. John D. Rockefeller12. Andrew Montgomery

Ward13. Early working

conditions???14. What types of labor

problems existed in early unions???

15. Two types of workers? Describe?

16. Marxism & Anarchism17. Describe the struggle of 4

early unions18. Life of Women workers???

The rise of big business

Economies of scale resulted in lower costs and lower prices

Corporations can achieve economies of scale by investing in more machines and larger manufacturing facilities

Edwin Drake-drilled the first oil well Andrew Carnegie-Founded a steel in

Pittsburgh “The basic force shaping capitalism is

the class struggle between workers and owners.”-Karl Marx

Video

The Industrial

Revolution in America

176e. There was rapid electrical growth due to household appliances and inventions such as the light bulb, telephone, generator, transatlantic cable. Who invented them?The Bessemer Process –

Sir Henry Bessemer – developed a faster and more efficient way of making steel.

This process involved blowing air through molten iron to burn away impurities.

Increased production of steel meant railroads could be expanded faster.

Steel also made it possible to build skyscrapers in the cities.

Bessemer, Alabama, an important steel center, is named after Sir Henry Bessemer.

The rise of big business…’Econ 101’

Corporation-made big business possible Stockholders-people who owned the corporation

Stock-shares of ownership from stockholders

Economies of scale-made goods cheaper because they could make many good quicker

How businesses run: Fixed costs-costs a company pays whether it operates

or not—taxes Operating costs-costs that occur when company runs

—wages & buying supplies

Warm-up: Current Event

Directions: Write in your NOTES FOLDER. List 3 facts on a current event that has occurred in the past month! (Examples: politics, crime, positive news, weather, sports, entertainment)

*COPY THE PART BELOW ON YOUR PAPER…What’s making news: _____________________What happened:_________________________________________________________________________________

The consolidation of industry Holding company-owns stock of

companies that produce goods Andrew Carnegie-a poor immigrant who

rose to become a leader in business (steel industry)

Bessemer process—a new way of making steel cheaply (Henry Bessemer)

Making business bigger:

Vertical integration- owning all the businesses that you need to

produce a product Horizontal integration-

combining companies from the same business and making one

Goal: corporation to control the market Trust-Standard Oil Company Monopoly-own the market

What man was associated with the Standard Oil Company?

John D. Rockefeller Owner of Standard

Oil Company Monopoly in the oil

industry by ensuring that his company was the only supplier of oil from the drilling to the refining.

180. Who was the immigrant from Scotland responsible for the steel industry boom? He was a “philanthropist”.

Andrew Carnegie Owned steel company that controlled

the iron and coal mines and owned railroads and steam ships.

His company controlled the production of steel and forced out competition.

Gospel of Wealth – Andrew Carnegie believed people with wealth had a responsibility to use it for the betterment of the poor.

By the time Carnegie died in 1919, he had given away some $350 million (today = about 10 billion).

Selling the product

Aaron Montgomery Ward owned one of the first successful mail-order businesses.

Operating costs-wages, shipping charges, and supplies

Trash Ball Review

Andrew Carnegie Steel Bessemer Process Wages, supplies Fixed costs Operating costs Oil Vertical

integration

Monopoly Montgomery

Ward Philanthropist taxes Robber baron John Rockefeller Sam Houston Horizontal

integration

Video

The struggle of early unions in America

Video Questions:1. What groups of people were included in

labor unions? 2. What jobs did they work? 3. List major strike events.

Working in the US

Because of the shortage of workers in California, the Central Pacific Railroad hired workers from China

Early working conditions: Monotonous & repetitive (same thing all

day) Unhealthy & unsafe

Industrialism brought higher standards of living

Deflation (few jobs-lots of workers)-hurt the working man’s wages

What types of labor problems existed that early unions tried to correct?

1. Child labor - paid a fraction of an adult’s wage and developed illnesses and deformations in their bodies as a result of overwork.

2. Female labor - clerical, teaching and nursing. Paid at a much lower rate than men.

3. Unsafe working conditions - Employees worked in unhealthy conditions

4. Low wages5. Long hours

Early unions

Two kinds of workers: Craft workers-special skills/training, made

more $; formed unions Common laborers—had few skills

Unions: Blacklisted—a list of “troublemakers”; once

on the list, made it impossible to work

The struggle to organize

Marxism: Ideas of Karl Marx Idea-workers would eventually revolt and

needed to overthrow factories and the govt. Anarchism:

Government was not necessary A few violent acts were necessary to get rid

of govts.

Union Groups

Knights of Labor- one of the first nationwide industrial unions Fought for equal pay for women, end child labor,

worker-owned factories, supported arbitration Haymarket Square (Chicago) incident hurt

membership American Federation of Labor (AFL)-

Lead by Sam Gompers, Fought for higher wages, better work conditions,

preferred negotiations over strikes, recognition of unions

The most famous union during the Industrial Age was the American Federation of Labor (AFL).

American Federation of Labor (AFL). It lobbied Congress to pass laws concerning …

40 hour work week Minimum age requirement for working Workplace safety standards

185c. What types of labor problems existed that early unions tried to correct?

Working women

Servants-30% Teachers, nurses, or secretaries-30% Clothing/food industry-about 40% Paid less than men, not included in

unions 1903-two women founded the Women’s

Trade Union League (WTUL)

Warm-up: Current Event

Directions: Write in your NOTES FOLDER. List 3 facts on a current event that has occurred in the past month! (Examples: politics, crime, positive news, weather, sports, entertainment)

*COPY THE PART BELOW ON YOUR PAPER…What’s making news: _____________________What happened:_________________________________________________________________________________

UNIT 1: AGRARIANISM TO INDUSTRIALISMPART 3 NOTES

Chapter 15: Urban America

Chapter 15 Foldable ActivityPICK ONE!!! DUE TOMORROW…

Folded Tab Foldable: “Analyzing Immigration and Urbanization”

Directions:Research how

immigration and urbanization are related by completing this foldable. In each cell, list at least 5 causes and effects that each phenomenon caused in the 1890s.

Four Tab Foldable: “Categorizing Urban Society”

Directions:Focus on 19th century Urban

(1890s) society and Contemporary (2014) American society. Be specific as possible in identifying each social class (Example: occupation, approximate wealth, political/social attitudes).

Chapter 15 Essays

How did immigration and urbanization affect BIG city growth. Give examples by listing some causes and effects.

How were early American social classes divide. Compare and contrast these social classes of the 1890s.

Chapter 15 Notes (Part 1)

1. Why did immigrants flood to the US?2. List immigrants’ travel conditions…3. Ellis Island4. Asian immigration…list the reasons5. Angel Island6. Nativism…what were the fears behind it???7. Chinese Exclusion Act…list its goals8. Conditions of “Urban life”9. Types of transportation in the big city…list and

describe them10. List the 3 classes…what was “the struggle”11. List the many “Urban Problems” that existed

Chapter 15 Notes (Part 1)

1. Why did immigrants flood to the US?2. List immigrants’ travel conditions…3. Ellis Island4. Asian immigration…list the reasons5. Angel Island6. Nativism…what were the fears behind it???7. Chinese Exclusion Act…list its goals8. Conditions of “Urban life”9. Types of transportation in the big city…list and

describe them10. List the 3 classes…what was “the struggle”11. List the many “Urban Problems” that existed

Europeans flood into the US

Why did immigrants come to America: Jobs Escape military service in native country Avoid religious persecution (Jews)

How did most immigrants travel to America? Steerage

Ellis Island Tiny island in NY harbor Check-in station for most immigrants on East

coast To get in—pass a medical exam

Asian immigration to America Reasons:

Escape poverty & famine Rebellion going on in China Demand for railroad worker on the west

coast Many settle on west coast Worked as laborers, servants, or in

skilled trades Angel Island—Asian immigrants (mostly

young men) stayed in barracks here while waiting to be processed

Nativism

Definition: an extreme dislike of foreigners by native born people and a desire to limit immigration (eastern Europeans, Jews, and Asians)

Fears: Protestants vs. Catholics They would be 'Strikebreakers‘

Popular Movie: “Gangs of New York”

Chinese Exclusion Act

Anti-immigrant organizations formed like the American Protective Association & American Workingman's Party of California

Keeping foreigners out: 1882-law banned ex-convicts and mentally disabled from

coming into US .50 tax on each immigrant Chinese Exclusion Act-banned Chinese immigration for 10

years 1892-Congress renewed this law 1902-Congress made CEA permanent (repealed in 1943)

New Urban Environment

City populations increased Demand for land increased Developers built up rather than out

(saved space) Skyscraper-tall, steel framed buildings Louis Sullivan- famous builder

Transportation

Needed to move large masses of people around the city.

Types: Horse cars-railroad cars pulled by horses Cable cars (San Francisco) (underground

cables) Electric trolley car Elevated railroads or subway systems (large

cities with congested streets)

Separation by class: Rich vs. Poor Wealthy-fashionable districts in the heart

of the city--beautiful, large homes Middle class (doctors, lawyers,

engineers, teachers)-suburbs, took trains into the city to work

Working class-tenements-dark crowded multiple-family apartments

Urban Problems

Crime Violence Disease Pollution Alcohol Sewage problems Contaminated water Poor air (factory chimney

& coal fires)*immigrants were blamed

for these problems

Current Events

1. Use your electronic device to write about a current event IN YOUR NOTES FOLDER:

***The event can be related to local, state, or international news…sports, entertainment, war politics, its up to you…nothing inappropriate for school

1. Headline: “Create a snappy title”

2. 3 Facts about the event

Unit 1 Vocabulary ListCh. 1631. Patronage32. Rebate33. Populism34. Greenback35. Inflation36. Deflation37. Cooperative38. Graduated income

tax39. Goldbug40. Silverite41. Sharecropper42. Poll tax43. Grandfather clause44. Segregation45. Jim Crow laws46. Lynching

Ch. 1521.Steerage22.Nativism23.Tenement24.Graft25.Philanthropy26.Realism27.Vaudeville28.Ragtime29.Naturalism30.Americanism

(Ch 13)1. Open

range2. Long

drive3. Maverick4. Homeste

ad5. Dry

farming6. Sodbuste

r7. Nomad8. Annuity 9. Assimilat

e10. Allotment

(Ch 14)11. Laissez-faire12. Entrepreneur13. Corporation14. Pool15. Monopoly16. Trust17. Deflation18. Trade union19. Lockout20. Arbitration

Chapter 15 Notes: Part 2

1. Political Machine2. How did PARTY BOSSES

exercise control in the BIG city? Use examples of people and vocab terms.

3. Guilded Age & list imp ideas & important writers…

4. Individualism: list important ideas & writers

5. Social Darwinism (& Herbert Spencer)

People who agreed: People who disagreed:

6. Realism: list important ideas & writers

7. Popular Culture: list/describe 6 things that were popular at this time for people

8. List 4 SOCIAL CRITICS and their ideas

9. List 5 big organizations/people that helped the poor…How???

10. List 4 changes in public education???

Urban Politics

Political machine-informal political group designed to gain and keep power

Party bosses-led political machines & provided housing, food, and police protection for people living in urban areas (George Plunkitt & William Tweed ); they ran state and city politics

Graft-fraud, or getting money through dishonest/questionable ways

William Tweed (Tammany Hall)-famous NYC party bossThomas and James Pendergast-Kansas City, Missouri

Guilded Age-

Title of a novel by Mark Twain & Charles Warner A time of new inventions, rapid industrial

growth, growing cities, and wealthy people building huge mansions

Guild-something covered in gold only on the outside

Meaning-the American world looked good on the outside but underneath lay corruption, poverty, crime, and large rich vs. poor gap

Horatio Alger & Individualism

“Rags to riches” Idea: No matter where you start in life you can go as far as you want (Horatio Alger- popular novelist)

"rags-to-riches story in his novels

Gave people hope that they could overcome obstacles to be successful

Social Darwinism

Darwin's natural selection-the species that cannot adapt to society they live in eventually die out

Those who adapt survive Herbert Spencer:

applied Darwin's ideas to human society Society progressed because only the fittest survived These views were called - "Social Darwinism“ Industrial leaders agreed with theory-they were

fittest and thereby deserved the wealth they had

What theory was used to promote competition in the marketplace?

Social Darwinism – This theory applied Darwin’s theory (Life is a contest for

survival of the fittest) to the struggle between workers and employers.

It held that society should do as little as possible to interfere with people’s pursuit of success.

If government would stay out of the affairs of business, the theory went, those who were most “fit” would succeed and become rich.

Most Americans agreed that the government should not interfere with private businesses.

As a result, the government neither taxed businesses’ profits nor regulated their relations with their workers.

Andrew Carnegie believed in the "Gospel of Wealth & Social Darwinism-wealthy people who profited from society owed something in return. They should take place in philanthropy

Realism

An attempt to show people realisticallyArtists-people swimming, day-to-day activities

An example of realism is Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

Popular Culture

Amusement parks Professional boxing, football,

baseball Physical exercise, tennis, golf Ragtime music-based on

patterns of African-Am music (Scott Joplin)

Vaudeville theatre-based on French theatre.

Involved animal acts, gymnast, music, and dancing

Saloon functioned like community centers in big cities like Chicago

The first salaried baseball team was the Cincinnati Red Stockings

Social Criticism

Henry George- published Progress and Poverty-widening gap between rich and

poor; one of first to challenge laissez-faire and Social Darwinism Lester Frank Ward-

humans are not animals; they can think ahead and plan to get what they want-Reform Darwinism-people succeed by cooperation, not competition

Edward Bellamy- year 2000 everything will be perfect; ideas were a form of

socialism Naturalism-

challenged social Darwinism-people control their own lives and choices

Helping the Urban Poor

Social Gospel movement-bible said to help the poor with charity and justice; eliminate social competition (Salvation Army & YMCA)

Salvation Army-provided help and religions counseling YMCA-set up bible studies, citizenship activities, group

activities; began to spring up all over the country with swimming, gyms and low cost hotel rooms

Reformers: settlement houses Jane Addams- Lillian Waldo-

Public Education

Americanization-scared immigrants because they thought their kids would forget heritage-began to pull them from schools

Farmers/poor family-pulled kids from school to help household survive

Booker T. Washington-started schools for African-American since little funds were spent on educating black in America at the time (The Tuskegee Institute-1881)

Land Grant Act-gave states federal money to start agricultural and mechanical colleges; 1870-1890--the number of college students tripled

Andrew Carnegie-major supporter of public libraries

Progressive Reforms:

Government efficiency (1)________________

Extended democracy (2)________________________________

Social Problems (5)________________________________________________________________

Big Business (2)________________________________

The Rise of Progressivism

Progressive Era—American history from about 1890-1920 It was not a single political movement It’s a collection of views about how to fix the

nation’s problems Source of problems…

Many thought industrialization and urbanization caused many social problems

Both parties had progressive ideas urban middle-class Americans Journalists, educators, and politicians

How to fix the problems: APPLY SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES TO SOCIETY

Muckrakers

Journalists who expressed Progressive ideas

Investigated social conditions and political corruption: Ida Tarbell—practices of

the Standard Oil Co. Lincoln Steffens—vote

stealing and grafts of political machines

Jacob Riis—poverty & disease in NYC

Making Government Efficient

They applied successful business models to government—scientific management

Unqualified Party bosses typically ran the city departments (police, water, power, sewage)

New idea—a commission plan—(or city mgr. system of government) people with background in it would hire qualified people to run the dept.

Democracy and progressivism

Some progressives thought society needed more democracy and should listen more to the voters

Robert La Follette—governor of Wisconsin; opposed political conventions & pushed for direct primaries in each state

3 other political reforms were introduced:1. Initiative allowed a group of citizens to

introduce laws and require legislature to vote on them

2. Referendum allowed proposed laws to be submitted to the voters for approval

3. Recall allowed voters to demand a special election official from office before his or her term had expired

Suffrage movement

Seneca Falls, NY (1848)—first women’s rights convention

Organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Lecretia Mott

Key issues: women’s voting (suffrage) rights

Amendments and reform

14th & 15th Amendments: protected African-Americans’ right to vote. Some suffragists wanted women's’ voting rights included

National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)

Alice Paul—headed NAWSA’s congressional committee, organized a march on Washington; everyone did not agree with this and Paul left to for the National Women’s Party

Carrie Chapman Catt—became NAWSA’s leader in 1915; supported Wilson in 1916 election

19th Amendment—women’s right to vote (1920)

Social welfare progressivism

Solving social problems: Child labor—in 1900 1.7 million kids under age

16 worked outside home (coal mines); many states set age and work hour limits

Adult conditions—progressives pushed for laws to compensate deaths and serious on jobs

Zoning laws—building codes set minimum requirements for air, fir escapes, room sizes, and sanitation in tenements. Health codes for restaurants changed, also

temperance movement—called for the moderation or elimination of alcohol

Prohibition movement—mostly women; first worked to reduced alcohol consumption, then banning it all together

Progressives vs. BIG business

Too much wealth was owned by too few people Wanted to eliminate trusts and holding companies Sherman Anti-trust Act (1890)—break up

large corporations and restore competition Interstate Commerce Commission (1887)--

focused on stopping BIG businesses from abusing their power

Socialism—government owns and operates industry for the community as a whole (railroads & utilities); Eugene Debs—famous socialist; most Americans believed in the free enterprise system