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06/13/22 12.9 Students analyze the origins, characteristics, and development of different political systems across time 1 Government and the State Chapter 1 sec 1

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Page 1: Unit #1 - Topic #1 Notes

04/12/23

12.9 Students analyze the origins, characteristics, and development of different political systems across time

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Government and the State

Chapter 1 sec 1

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12.9 Students analyze the origins, characteristics, and development of different political systems across time

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The Essential Questions

I. What is a government?

II. What is a state?

III. What are the origins of the state?

IV. What are the forms of government?I. Democracy versus autocracy.

V. How does geography play a role?

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I. What is a government?

A. What is government?

B. How does it exercise power?

C. What is the purpose of government?

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A. What is a government?

• A government is an institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies.

• Public policies consist of:– Taxation, control of crime,

education, transportation, environment, civil rights and working conditions.

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B. How does it exercise power?

• A government must have power in order to fulfill these goals. This power consists of:– Legislative: the power to write the law– Executive: the power to enforce the law– Judicial: the power to interpret laws

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C. What is the purpose of government?

• The purpose of government is to maintain order in society.– Chaos is Bad

• The authority in order to do this can come from several sources.– Force– Evolutionary– Divine Right– Social Contract

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II. What is a State?

A. What is a state?

B. What does it represent?

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A. What is a state?

• A state can be defined as a body of a people, living in a defined territory, organized politically, and the ability to make and enforce laws without the consent of a higher authority.

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B. What does it represent?

• A state must represent a population or people.

• A state must have authority over a territory

• States are sovereign, or the power to make laws over its region.

• Must be politically organized, or have a government.

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III. What are the origins of a state?

A.Evolutionary Theory

B.Force Theory

C.Divine Right

D.The Social Contract

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A. Evolutionary Theory

• Government comes from family structure.– Patriarchal Society

• Nations evolved over time.– Families– Clans– Tribes– Nations

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B. Force Theory

• The Strong rule.– Those who have

strength can enforce authority over others.

– Those who maintain authority by force.

• Genghis Khan• Feudal estates.• The 400 lb. Gorilla

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Force Theory

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C. Divine Right

• Power comes from God and is given to a ruling monarch.– Power is hereditary and

Absolute– Popular in Europe from

1200-1919– Louis XIV is a good

Example– Egyptian Pharaoh

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D. The Social Contract

• Developed to oppose Divine Right.• Product of the Enlightenment era.

– Thomas Hobbes believed the people could have a Social Contract with a Monarch.

• A Social Contract is agreement between the ruler and the people..

– John Locke stated that power comes from the Consent of the governed.

• People had right to revolt.

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A Social Contract

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Terms to know.

• Government• State• Public Policy• Legislative Power• Executive Power• Judicial Power

• Force Theory• Divine Right• Evolutionary• Social Contract

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Summary

• There are 4 characteristics of a state.

• Governments are the decision making apparatus of a state and can take various forms

• There are 4 sources of power for a state.