unit 1: the themes! sovereignty, authority, & power political institutions citizens, society...
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Unit 1: The Themes!Unit 1: The Themes!Sovereignty, Authority, & PowerPolitical InstitutionsCitizens, Society and the StatePolitical & Economic ChangePublic Policy
Sovereignty, Authority, & PowerPolitical InstitutionsCitizens, Society and the StatePolitical & Economic ChangePublic Policy
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Theme 1: Sovereignty, Authority, & PowerTheme 1: Sovereignty, Authority, & Power
Nation State
A group of people claiming a A group of people org-
common identity + the right anized under a govern-
to be a state. May share ment. They must share
the following (to varying degrees):
Culture Government Territory Budget Language Borders Ethnicity Currency Religion Police Force/Military
Nation State
A group of people claiming a A group of people org-
common identity + the right anized under a govern-
to be a state. May share ment. They must share
the following (to varying degrees):
Culture Government Territory Budget Language Borders Ethnicity Currency Religion Police Force/Military
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Examples of each…Examples of each…
Nation: The Kurds Palestine Kosovo (until this year) Chechnya Cherokee Scotland ?
Nation: The Kurds Palestine Kosovo (until this year) Chechnya Cherokee Scotland ?
State: United Kingdom Russian Federation PRC United Mexican States Federal Rep. of Nigeria Islamic Rep. of Iran
State: United Kingdom Russian Federation PRC United Mexican States Federal Rep. of Nigeria Islamic Rep. of Iran
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Regimes & Institutions
Regime: A country’s institutions, rules, and practices that carry over across time, even though leaders and issues change. (the system of government in a country)
Institutions: Stable, long-lasting organizations that help to turn political ideas into policy. Examples: bureaucracies, legislatures, judicial
systems, political parties, military
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Types of Regimes
Totalitarian Communist
MonarchyC o n stitu tio n a l
R e a l
Oligarchy(ru le by a sm al group)
Dictatorship
Authoritarian R egim es(decis ions are m ade by politica l e lites)
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DemocracyAuthority is based on the will of the people
Direct people have
immediate say over governmental decisions
Representative people choose
representatives to make political decisions for them
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Legitimacy(the right to rule, as determined by their own citizens)
Traditional: tradition should determine who rules and how (Ex: monarchies, G.Britain)
Charismatic: dynamic personality of an individual leader or small group. Often doesn’t go past its founder. (Ex: Revolutionaries)
Rational-legal: based on a system of well-established and institutionalized laws and procedures. Based on the acceptance of rule of law. (Ex: U.S.)
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Theme 2: Political Institutions! Unitary/Federal/Confederate Supranational Organizations (UN, EU, NAFTA)
Globalization/Fragmentation Executives (Head of State/Head of Government)
Bureaucracies Legislatures (unicameral vs. bicameral)
Judiciaries (judicial review)
Linkage Institutions (parties, interest groups, media)
Electoral Systems (proportional, first-past-the-post)
Political Elite & Recruitment (leader succession)
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Theme 3: Citizens, Society and the State!Theme 3: Citizens, Society and the State!• Society cleavages: ethnic, religious,
linguistic, regional, class, political, etc..
• Civil Society: organizations outside of the state that help people define and advance their own interests.
• Society cleavages: ethnic, religious, linguistic, regional, class, political, etc..
• Civil Society: organizations outside of the state that help people define and advance their own interests.
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Theme 4: Political & Economic Change!Reform: does not advocate overthrow of
basic institutions.
Revolution: major revision or overthrow of existing institutions.
Coup d’etat: “blows to the state”. Replacement of leaders by force.
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3 Trends in Change…
1. Democratization
2. Movement towards Market Economies
3. Revival of Ethnic or Cultural Politics
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Democratization
Liberal Democracies: Civil liberties (such as freedom of
speech, belief, assembly….) Rule of Law (equal treatment of
citizens) Neutrality of the judiciary Open Civil Society Civilian control of the military
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Theme 5: Public Policy!
Economic Performance Social Welfare Civil liberties, rights, & freedoms
(Freedom House) Environment Corruption (Transparency Int’l) Disease/HIV/AIDS Nationalization/Privatization