unit 1: the atmosphere and the earth's surface
TRANSCRIPT
The atmosphere
and the Earth’s surface
LAYERS
OF THE
ATMOSPHERE
TROPOSPHERE
STRATOSPHERE
IONOSPHERE
The atmosphere is the air that surrounds the
Earth. It is made up of gases.
The atmosphere can be divided into several layers.
GLOBAL WARMINGIt is
produced by the increase
of the greenhouse gases that
accumulate in the
atmosphere.
Greenhouse gases
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
It is in the stratosphere. It contains a gas
called ozone and protects us from
Sun’s harmful rays.
OZONE LAYER
Air pollution is destroying the
ozone layer, which becomes thinner.
Because of this the Earth receive more
harmful rays.
There is even a hole over the Antartic!
THE WEATHER
The Earth’s weather happens
in the troposphere. Temperature,
precipitation and wind are the basic
elements of the weather.
TEMPERATURE
Temperature is an important element of weather for all living things. At low temperatures (2C) it is cold. At high temperatures (40C) it is hot.
PRECIPITATION
Precipitation happens when the water drops in a cloud get bigger and heavier, and fall to the ground. It can be in form of rain, snow or hail.
WIND
Wind is moving air. It has direction and speed. A breeze is a gentle wind. A hurricane is a very strong wind. It can pull up trees and destroy houses.
PHENOMENAWe can see different phenomena in the
troposphere.
LIGHTNINGIt is an electrical discharge.THUNDER is the noise made by lightning.
RAINBOWIt is produced when raindrops disperse sunlight.
PRECIPITATIONIt is water that falls in the form of rain, snow or hail.
WHAT’S THE WEATHER LIKE?
sunny sunny and cloudy sunny and rainy
rainy stormy snowy cloudy
windy rainbow tornado eclipse
EARTH’S SURFACE
The Earth’s surface is solid but it isn’t the same everywhere. Much of it is covered by a layer of soil.
Soil is made up of minerals, bits of rocks, water, air and the remains of plants and animals. Many living things get their nutrients from the soil.
Wind, water and living things change the Earth’s surface and cause weathering and erosion.
Wind and water in rain and snow wear down rocks and break them into smaller and smaller pieces. This is called weathering.
The pieces are moved from one area to another. This is called erosion.
Minerals are found in nature. They can exist on their own or combine with other minerals in rocks.
All minerals are different. Each mineral has its own properties. Colour Lustre Visibility of
crystals Hardness
QUARTZ
Rocks contain one or more minerals. Rocks make up the continents and the ocean floor.
What do we use minerals for?
We use gold, silver and diamonds to make jewellery.
We use copper to make electric cables and coins.
We use aluminium to
make soft drink cans and cars.
INTRODUCTION (Lightning):
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jm3rHONOr9o
GLOBAL WARMING:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-RMD88DNaGk
WEATHERING AND EROSION:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_SlcrcYstc4
VIDEOS