unit 1 sustaining earth’s ecosystems overall goal of the unit : by the end of unit 1, you will be...
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UNIT 1 Sustaining Earth’s
EcosystemsOverall goal of the Unit:
By the end of unit 1, you will be able to discuss the significance of natural phenomena and human
factors within an ecosystems.
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Learning Outcomes for UNIT 1:
• What are the abiotic and biotic elements in ecosystems • How does carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus cycle within the
ecosystem? • Explore ecosystems with similar characteristics in different geographical
locations • What are the effects of altering an abiotic factor • Describe species adaptation • Create food webs and pyramids • Describe the mechanisms and possible impacts of bioaccumulation • Explain traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) • Discuss the impact of natural phenomena, foreign species, disease,
pollution, habitat destruction, and exploitation of resources on ecosystems
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Important Unit 1 Vocabulary
abioticacid precipitation/rainadaptationadaptive radiationalgaeannual precipitationannual temperatureaquatic bacteriabioaccumulation
biodegradationbiodiversitybiomagnificationbiomebiospherebioticcarbon exchangecarbon sinkcarbon storeCarbonatecarnivore
cellular respirationclimateclimatographclimax communitycommensalismcommunitycompetitionconsumer(primary, secondary,tertiary) DDT
decomposersdeforestationdenitrificationdetrivoreecological hierarchy(organism, population,community, ecosystem)ecological pyramid(pyramid of biomass,pyramid of energy,pyramid of numbers)
ecological succession(primary, secondary)ecologyecosystemelevationestuaryExtinctionfood chainsfood pyramidsfood webs foreign speciesfossil fuel
grazinghabitatheavy metalsherbivorehostkeystone specieslatitudelegumeslichenLightningmutualismnative species
natural selectionnichenitrificationnutrientsomnivoreparasitismPCBspesticidepHphosphorusphotosynthesisphytoplankton
pioneer speciespredationproducerProliferationsoil degradationstabilitysymbiosisterrestrialtop consumer/predator/carnivoretoxintrophic levelszooplankton
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Introduction
• http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/kids/animals-pets-kids/mammals-kids/hippo-fishclean-kids.html
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UNIT 1 Sustaining Earth’s Ecosystems
• Chapter 1: Biomes and ecosystems are divisions of the biosphere (p. 6 – 53)
• 1.1 Biomes Words to Knowabiotic climate
terrestrialadaptation climatographBiome ecosystemsBiotic Biosphere
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Learning Goals for 1.1
• define abiotic, biotic, biome, and ecosystem • identify distinctive plants, animals, and climatic characteristics of
Canadian biomes (tundra, boreal forest, temperate deciduous forest, temperate rainforest, grasslands)
• identify biotic and abiotic factors in a given scenario or diagram • identify factors that affect the global distribution of the following biomes
(8): tropical rainforest, temperate rainforest, temperate deciduous forest, boreal forest, grasslands, desert, tundra, polar ice
• using examples, explain why ecosystems with similar characteristics can exist in different geographical locations (i.e., significance of abiotic factors)
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Think Pad…
• Scientists study the biosphere by breaking it down into smaller divisions. Place the following terms in order of size of division:
Biome, habitat, biosphere, ecosystem
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1.1 A. Biomes
• __________________: anywhere on Earth living things exist. _____________ are regions with similar __________ and
similar ___________ components (ex. BC and New Zealand are similar biomes)
See pages 8 -10
___________ = living things
___________ = non-living things
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Abiotic and Biotic
Examples of Biotic Components Examples of Abiotic Components
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_____________ are classified based on many qualities, such
as water availability, temperature, and interactions between biotic and abiotic factors.
We will study types of biomes called “___________________, or land-based biomes
There are __________ types of biomes: Boreal forest, desert, grassland, permanent ice, temperate deciduous forest, temperate rainforest, tropical rainforest and tundra.
See pages 8 -10
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Activity 1.1A Observing Patterns in World Biomes
What to Do What did you find out?
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Reading Check Page 12
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B. Factors That Influence the Characteristics and Distribution of Biomes
• Think Pad…
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Factors That Influence the Characteristics and Distribution of
Biomes
• Certain characteristics help to identify biomes. ________________ and _______________ are two of
the most important _____________ factors.
See pages 10 - 13
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Practice Problems
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Practice Problems page 13
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Other Factors That Influence the Characteristics and Distribution of Biomes include _______________, ___________________ and __________________ ___________________
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• __________________ is the distance north and south from the equator. ______________ influences both temperature &
precipitation.Ex. The tropical zone has very warm temperatures
and high precipitation because: The sun shines straight down & warm air holds more moisture
than cooler air.
See pages 14 - 15
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• ____________________ is the height above sea level _____________ elevations have ________ air, and
therefore ____________ heat is retained. Windward sides of mountains are wet, leeward sides
are very dry.
• _____________ ____________ carry warmth and moisture to coastal areas. Where warm currents meet land, temperate biomes are
found.
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Reading Check Page 15
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C. Climatographs
• ________________: the average pattern of weather conditions over a period of several years. A climatograph shows the __________ _______________
and _____________________ for a location over a period of 30 years or more.
• Biomes are often defined using information in climatographs.
See pages 16 - 17
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Climatographs
Examine the differences between Tofino and Osoyoos
See pages 16 - 17
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D. Adaptations and Biomes
• Biomes are often identified with characteristic biotic factors. For example, a cactus in
the desert, or a caribou on the tundra.
Many of these characteristic factors have special adaptations that allow the organisms to better survive and reproduce in that biome. See pages 18 - 19
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Types of adaptations: 1. ________________ __________________ - a physical
feature that helps an organism survive.ex. A wolf has large paws to help it run in snow.
2. ________________ _________________ - a physical or chemical event inside the body of an organism that allows it to survive. ex. A wolf maintains a constant body temperature.
3. _______________ _________________ - a behaviour that helps an organism to survive.ex. Wolves hunt in packs to capture large prey.
Adaptations and Biomes (continued)
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Reading Check Page 19 AND 29
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1.1 Summary
• Biomes of the World (8)• Factors that influence the Characteristics and distribution of
biomes (Temperature, Precipitation, latitude, levation, ocean currents)
• Climatographs (ave. temperature an precipitation)• Adaptations (structural, physiological, beehavioural)