Unit 1 ReviewUnit 1 ReviewAP BiologyAP Biology

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Water's high specific heat is mainly a consequence of theA. small size of the water molecules. B. high specific heat of oxygen and hydrogen atoms. C. absorption and release of heat when hydrogen bonds break and form. D. fact that water is a poor heat conductor. E. inability of water to dissipate heat into dry air.

Why does ice float in liquid water?A. The liquid water molecules have more kinetic energy and thus support the ice. B. The ionic bonds between the molecules in ice prevent the ice from sinking. C. Ice always has air bubbles that keep it afloat. D. Hydrogen bonds stabilize and keep the molecules of ice farther apart than the water molecules of liquid water. E. The crystalline lattice of ice causes it to be denser than liquid water.

One of the buffers that contribute to pH stability in human blood is carbonic acid. Carbonic acid H2CO3 is a weak acid that dissociates into a bicarbonate ion HCO3

- and a hydrogen ion. Thus,

H2CO3 <-> HCO3- + H+

If the pH of the blood drops (becomes more acidic), one would expect

A. a decrease in the concentration of H2CO3 and an increase in the concentration of HCO3

-.

B. the concentration of OH- would increase.

C. the concentration of bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) to

increase.

D. the HCO3- to act as a base and remove excess H+ with

the formation of H2CO3.

E. the HCO3- to act as an acid and remove excess H+ with

the formation of H2CO3

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is readily soluble in water, according to the equation: CO2 + H2O H2CO3 Carbonic acid (H2CO3) is a weak acid. If CO2 is bubbled into a beaker containing pure, freshly-distilled water, which of the following graphs correctly describes the results?

A. B.

C. C. D. D.

A 100 mL beaker contains 10 mL of NaOH A 100 mL beaker contains 10 mL of NaOH solution at pH = 13. A technician carefully solution at pH = 13. A technician carefully pours into the beaker, 10 mL of HCl at pours into the beaker, 10 mL of HCl at pH = 1. Which of the following statements pH = 1. Which of the following statements correctly describes the results of this correctly describes the results of this mixing?mixing?A. The concentration of NaA. The concentration of Na++ ion rises ion risesB. The concentration of ClB. The concentration of Cl-- falls fallsC. The concentration of undissociated HC. The concentration of undissociated H22O O risesrisesD. The pH of the beaker's contents rises. D. The pH of the beaker's contents rises. E. The pH of the beaker's contents falls. E. The pH of the beaker's contents falls.

Measurements show that the pH of Measurements show that the pH of a particular lake is 4.0. What is the a particular lake is 4.0. What is the hydrogen ion concentration of the hydrogen ion concentration of the lake?lake?A.A. 4.0 M4.0 M

B.B. 1010-10 -10 MM

C.C. 1010-4 -4 MM

D.D. 101044 M ME.E. 4%4%

Organic chemistry is a science Organic chemistry is a science based on the study ofbased on the study ofA. functional groups. A. functional groups. B. vital forces interacting with B. vital forces interacting with matter. matter. C. carbon compounds. C. carbon compounds. D. water and its interaction with D. water and its interaction with other kinds of molecules. other kinds of molecules. E. inorganic compounds. E. inorganic compounds.

Thalidomide Thalidomide and L-dopa areand L-dopa are examples of examples of PharmaceuticalPharmaceuticaldrugs that occur drugs that occur as enantiomers, or molecules thatas enantiomers, or molecules thatA. have identical three-dimensional shapes. A. have identical three-dimensional shapes. B. are mirror images of one another. B. are mirror images of one another. C. lack an asymmetric carbon. C. lack an asymmetric carbon. D. differ in the location of their double D. differ in the location of their double bonds. bonds. E. differ in their electrical charge. E. differ in their electrical charge.

What is the name of the What is the name of the functional group?functional group?A. carbonyl A. carbonyl B. ketone B. ketone C. aldehyde C. aldehyde D. carboxyl D. carboxyl E. hydroxylE. hydroxyl

Which of the following is a Which of the following is a falsefalse statement concerning amino statement concerning amino groups?groups?A. They are basic in pH. A. They are basic in pH. B. They are found in amino B. They are found in amino acids. acids. C. They contain nitrogen. C. They contain nitrogen. D. They are nonpolar. D. They are nonpolar. E. They are components of urea. E. They are components of urea.

Amino acids are acids because Amino acids are acids because they always possess which they always possess which functional group?functional group?A. amino A. amino B. carbonyl B. carbonyl C. carboxyl C. carboxyl D. sulfhydryl D. sulfhydryl E. aldehydeE. aldehyde

A chemist wishes to make an organic A chemist wishes to make an organic molecule less acidic. Which of the molecule less acidic. Which of the following functional groups should be following functional groups should be added to the molecule in order to do so?added to the molecule in order to do so?A. carboxyl A. carboxyl B. sulfhydryl B. sulfhydryl C. hydroxyl C. hydroxyl D. amino D. amino E. phosphateE. phosphate

If 2 molecules of the general type If 2 molecules of the general type were linked together, carbon 1 of were linked together, carbon 1 of one molecule to carbon 4 of the one molecule to carbon 4 of the other, the single molecule that other, the single molecule that would result would bewould result would beA. maltose. A. maltose. B. fructose. B. fructose. C. glucose. C. glucose. D. galactose. D. galactose. E. sucrose. E. sucrose.

Which of the following statements is true regarding Which of the following statements is true regarding the molecule?the molecule? I. It is a saturated fatty acid. I. It is a saturated fatty acid. II. A diet rich in this molecule may contribute to II. A diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis. atherosclerosis. III. Molecules of this type are usually liquid at III. Molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature. room temperature. A. I only A. I only D. I and II only D. I and II only B. II only B. II only E. I, II, and IIIE. I, II, and IIIC. III onlyC. III only

Polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins are Polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins are similar in that theysimilar in that theyA. are synthesized from monomers by the A. are synthesized from monomers by the process of hydrolysis. process of hydrolysis. B. are synthesized from monomers by B. are synthesized from monomers by dehydration reactions. dehydration reactions. C. are synthesized as a result of peptide C. are synthesized as a result of peptide bond formation between monomers. bond formation between monomers. D. are decomposed into their subunits by D. are decomposed into their subunits by dehydration reactions. dehydration reactions. E. all contain nitrogen in their monomer E. all contain nitrogen in their monomer building blocks. building blocks.

How many different kinds of How many different kinds of polypeptides, each composed of 12 polypeptides, each composed of 12 amino acids, could be synthesized amino acids, could be synthesized using the 20 common amino acids?using the 20 common amino acids?

A.A.441212

B.B.12122020

C.C.121255

D.D.2020

E.E.20201212

What would be an unexpected consequence of changing one amino acid in a protein consisting of 325 amino acids?

I. The primary structure of the protein would be changed.

II. The tertiary structure of the protein might be changed.

III. The biological activity or function of the protein might be altered.

A. I only

B. II only

C. I and III only

D. II and III only

E. I, II, and III

DNAase is an enzyme that catalyzes the DNAase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What would first happen to nucleotides together. What would first happen to DNA molecules treated with DNAase?DNA molecules treated with DNAase?A. The two strands of the double helix would A. The two strands of the double helix would separate. separate. B. The phosphodiester bonds between B. The phosphodiester bonds between deoxyribose sugars would be broken. deoxyribose sugars would be broken. C. The purines would be separated from the C. The purines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. deoxyribose sugars. D. The pyrimidines would be separated from the D. The pyrimidines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. deoxyribose sugars. E. All bases would be separated from the E. All bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. deoxyribose sugars.

Which of the following statements about the 5' Which of the following statements about the 5' end of a polynucleotide strand of DNA is end of a polynucleotide strand of DNA is correct?correct?

A. The 5' end has a hydroxyl group attached to A. The 5' end has a hydroxyl group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. the number 5 carbon of ribose.

B. The 5' end has a phosphate group attached to B. The 5' end has a phosphate group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. the number 5 carbon of ribose.

C. The 5' end has thymine attached to the C. The 5' end has thymine attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. number 5 carbon of ribose.

D. The 5' end has a carboxyl group attached to D. The 5' end has a carboxyl group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. the number 5 carbon of ribose.

E. The 5' end is the fifth position on one of the E. The 5' end is the fifth position on one of the nitrogenous bases. nitrogenous bases.

Which molecule has hydrophilic and Which molecule has hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties and would be hydrophobic properties and would be found in plasma membranes?found in plasma membranes?A. 1 A. 1 B. 5 B. 5 C. 6 C. 6 D. 12 D. 12 E. 14E. 14

Which of the following molecules Which of the following molecules contain(s) an aldehyde type of carbonyl contain(s) an aldehyde type of carbonyl functional group?functional group?A. 1 A. 1 B. 4 B. 4 C. 8 C. 8 D. 10 D. 10 E. 1 and 4E. 1 and 4

Which molecule is a saturated Which molecule is a saturated fatty acid?fatty acid?A. 1 A. 1 B. 5 B. 5 C. 6 C. 6 D. 8 D. 8 E. 9E. 9

Which of the following molecules act as Which of the following molecules act as building blocks (monomers) of building blocks (monomers) of polypeptides?polypeptides?

A. 1, 4, and 6 A. 1, 4, and 6

B. 2, 7, and 8 B. 2, 7, and 8

C. 7, 8, and 13 C. 7, 8, and 13

D. 11, 12, and 13 D. 11, 12, and 13

E. 12, 13, and 15E. 12, 13, and 15

Which of the following molecules could Which of the following molecules could be joined together by a peptide bond as be joined together by a peptide bond as a result of a a result of a dehydration dehydration reaction?reaction?A. 2 and 3 A. 2 and 3 B. 3 and 7 B. 3 and 7 C. 7 and 8 C. 7 and 8 D. 8 and 9 D. 8 and 9 E. 12 and 13E. 12 and 13

Which of the following molecules is Which of the following molecules is the pentose sugar found in RNA?the pentose sugar found in RNA?A. 1 A. 1 B. 4 B. 4 C. 6 C. 6 D. 12 D. 12 E. 13E. 13

Which of the following molecules Which of the following molecules consists of a hydrophilic "head" region consists of a hydrophilic "head" region and a hydrophobic "tail" region?and a hydrophobic "tail" region?A. 2 A. 2 B. 5 B. 5 C. 7 C. 7 D. 9 D. 9 E. 11E. 11

Which of the following pairs of base Which of the following pairs of base sequences could form a short stretch of sequences could form a short stretch of a normal double helix of DNA?a normal double helix of DNA?A. 5'-purine-pyrimidine-purine-A. 5'-purine-pyrimidine-purine-pyrimidine-3' with 3'-purine-pyrimidine-3' with 3'-purine-pyrimidine-purine-pyrimidine-5' pyrimidine-purine-pyrimidine-5' B. 5'-A-G-C-T-3' with 5'-T-C-G-A-3' B. 5'-A-G-C-T-3' with 5'-T-C-G-A-3' C. 5'-G-C-G-C-3' with 5'-T-A-T-A-3' C. 5'-G-C-G-C-3' with 5'-T-A-T-A-3' D. 5'-A-T-G-C-3' with 5'-G-C-A-T-3'D. 5'-A-T-G-C-3' with 5'-G-C-A-T-3'