unit 1 outline
DESCRIPTION
Unit 1 Outline. Meera Keshav , Hannah Bell, Kathryn Brandos , Brianna Bockman. Cells:. Shrink/crenate in hypertonic solution Water leaves cell Swell, can lyse in hypotonic solution Water enters cell Remains the same in isotonic solution Water enters and leaves cell at same rate. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Unit 1 Outline
Meera Keshav, Hannah Bell, Kathryn Brandos, Brianna Bockman
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Cells:
• Shrink/crenate in hypertonic solution– Water leaves cell
• Swell, can lyse in hypotonic solution– Water enters cell
• Remains the same in isotonic solution– Water enters and leaves cell at same rate
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Macromolecules
• Carbohydrates• Lipids• Proteins • Nucleic acids
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Carbohydrates
• Made up of sugars for energy and structure• Monosaccharides for quick energy• Dissacharides for short storage• Polysachharides for long storage and forming
structures– Glycogen, cellulose, chitin
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Lipids:
• Triglycerides: fats and oils• Phospholipids: primary component of cell
membrane• Steroids: cell signaling. Can pass trhough lipid
membranes.• Waxes: Protection and prevents water loss.
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Proteins:
• The building blocks of proteins are 20 types of Amino Acids.
• Amino acids join together to form peptides, polypeptides, and polypeptide chains.
• Structural proteins and enzymes.
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Nucleic Acids:
• Nucleortides: building blocks of nucleic acids. Contains a phosphate, a nitrogenous base and a 5-carbon sugar.
• DNA, RNA, and ATP.
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Blood pH
• pH below 7: acid.• pH above 7: base• pH=7: amphoteric (neutral)• Buffers resist pH changes.• More carbon dioxide in the blood equals more acid=lower pH• Blood pH= 7.35• Acidosis= pH below 7.35• Depresses the nervous system
– Coma state• Alkalosis= pH above 7.45• Overexcites the nervous system
– Convulsions of the body
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Levels of Organization:
Atom – hydrogen atom, lithium atomMolecule – water molecule, glucose moleculeMacromolecule – protein molecule, DNA molecule Organelle – mitochondrion, Golgi apparatusCell – muscle cell, nerve cellTissue – loose connective tissue, muscle tissue Organ – skin, femurOrgan System – skeletal system, digestive system
Organism - human
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Homeostasis
• The body’s maintenance of a stable environment• Homeostatic Mechanisms: the factors that
control the different aspects of the environment and corrects the changes:• Receptors - provide information• Control center - tells what a particular value should
be• Effectors - causes responses to change internal
environment
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Body Cavities
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Anatomical Terminology
• Anatomical Position – body standing erect, facing forward, upper limbs at the sides, palms facing forward
• Terms of Relative Position• Superior versus Inferior• Anterior versus Posterior• Medial versus Lateral• Proximal versus Distal• Superficial versus Deep
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Body sections
• Sagittal/midsagittal• Transverse(cross)• Coronal(frontal)• oblique
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Abdominal Sections
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Body Regions