unit 1 never say goodbye. contents pre-reading questions pre-reading questions pre-reading...

Unit 1Unit 1

Never Say Never Say GoodbyeGoodbye

ContentsContents

Pre-reading questionsPre-reading questions Background informationBackground information Structure analysisStructure analysis Comprehension questions Comprehension questions Language points of Text ILanguage points of Text I Grammatical itemsGrammatical items ExercisesExercises Comprehension questions of Text IIComprehension questions of Text II Oral activitiesOral activities Writing practiceWriting practice

Pre-reading QuestionsPre-reading Questions

1. Have your family moved from one place to 1. Have your family moved from one place to another? If you have, how did you feel when another? If you have, how did you feel when you were going to be away from the old house you were going to be away from the old house for good?for good?

2. Have you ever attended a funeral of someone 2. Have you ever attended a funeral of someone you knew very well? If you have, what were you you knew very well? If you have, what were you thinking when you saw him for the last time?thinking when you saw him for the last time?

Background Information 1Background Information 1

Never say goodbye because saying goodbye Never say goodbye because saying goodbye means going away, and going away always means going away, and going away always means forgetting.~Peter Panmeans forgetting.~Peter Pan

As I stared into your eyes, you asked me why I As I stared into your eyes, you asked me why I was about to cry, it’s because I knew you were was about to cry, it’s because I knew you were going to say good-bye.going to say good-bye.


Goodbye is a simple word, not just try saying it Goodbye is a simple word, not just try saying it to a friend.to a friend.

Don't say goodbye, because it means forever. Don't say goodbye, because it means forever. Say "Nice knowing you", because it was.Say "Nice knowing you", because it was.


Don't cry because it's over, smile because it Don't cry because it's over, smile because it happened.~ Dr. Seusshappened.~ Dr. Seuss

Remember me with smiles and laughs, for that's Remember me with smiles and laughs, for that's how I'll remember you. If you can only how I'll remember you. If you can only remember me with sadness and tears, then don't remember me with sadness and tears, then don't remember me at all.remember me at all.


SongSong Never Say Goodbye (Hayley Westenra )Never Say Goodbye (Hayley Westenra ) If I could take this moment forever If I could take this moment forever

Turn the pages of my mind Turn the pages of my mind To another place and time To another place and time We would never say goodbye We would never say goodbye

If I could find the words I would speak them If I could find the words I would speak them Then I wouldn't be tongue-tied Then I wouldn't be tongue-tied When I looked into your eyes When I looked into your eyes We would never say goodbye We would never say goodbye


If I could stop the moon ever rising If I could stop the moon ever rising Day would not become the night Day would not become the night Wouldn't feel this cold inside Wouldn't feel this cold inside And we'd never say goodbye And we'd never say goodbye

I wish that our dreams were frozen I wish that our dreams were frozen Then our hearts would not be broken Then our hearts would not be broken When we let each other go ... When we let each other go ...

If I could steal this moment forever If I could steal this moment forever Paint a picture-perfect smile Paint a picture-perfect smile So our story stayed alive So our story stayed alive We would never say goodbyeWe would never say goodbye

Structure Analysis of Text 1Structure Analysis of Text 1

The text is the author's recall of the most important and The text is the author's recall of the most important and unforgettable experiences that came about when he was unforgettable experiences that came about when he was between 10 and 12. He had learned from his grandfather between 10 and 12. He had learned from his grandfather the profound meaning of "Never say goodbye" and the profound meaning of "Never say goodbye" and became firm and strong-willed as a child. The author became firm and strong-willed as a child. The author wants to tell us that we should never give in to sadness, wants to tell us that we should never give in to sadness, that we should always be firm and strong-willed, and that we should always be firm and strong-willed, and that we should always remember the joyful and happy that we should always remember the joyful and happy events of life as well as our cherished friendship. events of life as well as our cherished friendship.

Structure of the text:Structure of the text:

The passage can be divided into 3 The passage can be divided into 3 parts:parts:

Part 1. Paragraph 1-4Part 1. Paragraph 1-4 Part 2. Paragraph 5-13Part 2. Paragraph 5-13 Part 3. Paragraph 14-20Part 3. Paragraph 14-20

Part 1 Para1-4Part 1 Para1-4

The author brings up the problem The author brings up the problem he was confronted with: he found he was confronted with: he found it hard to overcome the sadness it hard to overcome the sadness as the moment of parting drew as the moment of parting drew near. So he turned to his grandpa near. So he turned to his grandpa for help.for help.

Part 2 Para 5-13Part 2 Para 5-13

The author’s grandpa, by The author’s grandpa, by narrating his sad experience of narrating his sad experience of the loss of his eldest son during the loss of his eldest son during the war, illustrates how one can the war, illustrates how one can overcome the sad feeling overcome the sad feeling resulting from the loss of resulting from the loss of someone dear to him by recalling someone dear to him by recalling not the moment of parting but the not the moment of parting but the happy times spent together.happy times spent together.

Part 3 Para 14-20Part 3 Para 14-20

By the way he behaved when By the way he behaved when confronted with another sad confronted with another sad moment—the loss of his grandpa, moment—the loss of his grandpa, the author shows us that he came the author shows us that he came to understand what his grandpa to understand what his grandpa had taught him.had taught him.

Comprehension Question (1)Comprehension Question (1)

1. What made the author’s grandpa cry sadly?1. What made the author’s grandpa cry sadly?

Refer to paragraph 12, the mere thought of his Refer to paragraph 12, the mere thought of his son’s death in that terrible war in Italy made him son’s death in that terrible war in Italy made him cry. cry.


2. How long had Grandpa’s son been in the war?2. How long had Grandpa’s son been in the war?

Refer to Paragraph12. Three months.Refer to Paragraph12. Three months.


3. What is the implication of the author’s grandp3. What is the implication of the author’s grandpa’s words “ never say goodbye”?a’s words “ never say goodbye”?

Refer to Paragraph 13 and 20. They meanRefer to Paragraph 13 and 20. They mean ““never give in to sadness” or “refuse to give in tnever give in to sadness” or “refuse to give in t

o sadness”o sadness”

Comprehension Question(4)Comprehension Question(4)

4. What did Grandpa ask the author to do even if 4. What did Grandpa ask the author to do even if he and his friends had to part?he and his friends had to part?

Refer to Paragraph 13. He asked the author to Refer to Paragraph 13. He asked the author to always remember the joy and happiness of the always remember the joy and happiness of the time when he first said hello to his friends.time when he first said hello to his friends.


5. What caused the author to return to the old 5. What caused the author to return to the old house?house?

Refer to Paragraph 14 and 15. Grandpa’s grave Refer to Paragraph 14 and 15. Grandpa’s grave illness led the author to the old house. illness led the author to the old house.


6. Why do you think the author’s grandfather 6. Why do you think the author’s grandfather smiled at him during his last few minutes of life?smiled at him during his last few minutes of life?

Refer to the last paragraph. Grandpa must have Refer to the last paragraph. Grandpa must have felt greatly relieved that the author had finally felt greatly relieved that the author had finally found out the essence of his words. found out the essence of his words.

Language points of Text I (1)Language points of Text I (1)

confrontconfront(1) be faced with and have to deal with(1) be faced with and have to deal withThe actress was The actress was confrontedconfronted by a large group of reporters by a large group of reporters

as she left the stage door.as she left the stage door.(2) force to deal with or accept the truth of; bring face to (2) force to deal with or accept the truth of; bring face to

face withface withWhen the police When the police confrontedconfronted her with the evidence, she her with the evidence, she

confessed she was guilty.confessed she was guilty.


anguishanguish: very great pain and suffering, : very great pain and suffering, esp. of the mind esp. of the mind

She was in She was in anguishanguish over her missing over her missing child. child.

The unspeakable The unspeakable anguishanguish wrung her wrung her heart.heart.


brief as it wasbrief as it was though it was short/brief; although it lasted though it was short/brief; although it lasted

a short timea short time Hot as it was, they went out.Hot as it was, they went out.


gracefullygracefully (1) in an attractively and effortlessly fine and smooth manner(1) in an attractively and effortlessly fine and smooth manner Already in her fifties, she danced Already in her fifties, she danced gracefullygracefully on the stage last on the stage last

night, attracting a large audience, who clapped their hands night, attracting a large audience, who clapped their hands several times.several times.

(2) in a way that shows willingness to behave fairly and (2) in a way that shows willingness to behave fairly and honorablyhonorably

He stepped on my left foot when we hurried into the elevator He stepped on my left foot when we hurried into the elevator shaft, and immediately he apologized to me shaft, and immediately he apologized to me gracefully.gracefully.

graceful: adj.graceful: adj.


touched with the laughter and tears of four generationstouched with the laughter and tears of four generationstouched with the happiness and bitterness of four generatitouched with the happiness and bitterness of four generati

ons ons touch:touch: (1) put one's hand onto sth. or sb. else(1) put one's hand onto sth. or sb. else In darkness, she felt someoneIn darkness, she felt someone touchingtouching her face. her face. Visitors are requested not to Visitors are requested not to touchtouch the paintings. the paintings. (2) have an effect on one's feelings; to cause one to feel (2) have an effect on one's feelings; to cause one to feel

pity, sympathy, etc.pity, sympathy, etc. His sad story so His sad story so touched ustouched us that we nearly cried. that we nearly cried.


Be touched withBe touched with

By the way, the phrase "be touched with" usually means By the way, the phrase "be touched with" usually means "have a certain amount of a quality." For example:"have a certain amount of a quality." For example:

Her hair Her hair is touched withis touched with grey. grey. The boy The boy is touched withis touched with genius. genius. In this sentence, however, the phrase is not exactly used In this sentence, however, the phrase is not exactly used

in this meaning. It implies that "... the house which had in this meaning. It implies that "... the house which had seen/witnessed the joys and sorrows of the four seen/witnessed the joys and sorrows of the four generations of my family."generations of my family."


haven haven : a place of calm and safety: a place of calm and safety The school library is a little The school library is a little haven ofhaven of peace peace

and quiet. and quiet. As a tourists' As a tourists' haven,haven, the small hotel is a the small hotel is a

home away from home.home away from home.


porch:porch: a roofed entrance built out a roofed entrance built out from a house or church; veranda from a house or church; veranda

She sat in the shade on the She sat in the shade on the porch.porch.


shuddershudder: shake uncontrollably for a : shake uncontrollably for a moment, esp. from fear, cold, or moment, esp. from fear, cold, or dislike dislike

She She shudderedshuddered at the sight of the dead at the sight of the dead body. body.

I I shuddershudder to think how big the bill will to think how big the bill will be.be.


wellwell: (of liquid) flow or start to flow : (of liquid) flow or start to flow Blood Blood welledwelled (out) from the cut. (out) from the cut. She was so moved that tears She was so moved that tears welledwelled

(up, forth, out) in her eyes.(up, forth, out) in her eyes.


rest on/upon rest on/upon (1) lean on; to be supported by(1) lean on; to be supported by The bridge The bridge rests onrests on stone arches. stone arches. The girl's head The girl's head rested onrested on her hands. her hands. (2) (esp. of a proof, argument, etc. ) be based on; (2) (esp. of a proof, argument, etc. ) be based on;

be grounded on; depend on be grounded on; depend on Your argument Your argument rests onrests on a statement that can't be a statement that can't be

proved. proved. We have tried everything; now it all We have tried everything; now it all rests onrests on him. him.


through my tearsthrough my tears : with tears in my eyes; while : with tears in my eyes; while shedding tears shedding tears

through through (1) in at one side, end, or surface of something and out (1) in at one side, end, or surface of something and out

at the other at the other Water flows Water flows throughthrough this pipe. He pushed his way this pipe. He pushed his way

throughthrough the crowd to the door. the crowd to the door. among or between the parts or members of among or between the parts or members of The monkeys swung The monkeys swung throughthrough the trees. the trees. I searched I searched throughthrough my papers for the missing my papers for the missing

documents.documents.


..starestare look steadily for a long time, e. g. in great surprise or look steadily for a long time, e. g. in great surprise or

shock shock He sat He sat staringstaring into space, thinking deeply. into space, thinking deeply. She She staredstared at the letter in disbelief. at the letter in disbelief. (2) be very plain to see; to be obvious(2) be very plain to see; to be obvious The lies in the report The lies in the report staredstared out at us from every out at us from every

paragraph. paragraph. stare off: stare away; to move one's eyes from a point stare off: stare away; to move one's eyes from a point

nearby to a farther place and fix them on it or look at it nearby to a farther place and fix them on it or look at it steadilysteadily


in commonin common: having the same interests, attitudes, : having the same interests, attitudes, etc.etc.

The boy and the girl have much The boy and the girl have much in commonin common in in personality.personality.


look intolook into: investigate; examine the : investigate; examine the meaning or cause ofmeaning or cause of

The police have received some The police have received some complaints; now they are complaints; now they are looking intolooking into them. them.

This is a report that This is a report that looks intolooks into the the causes of unemployment.causes of unemployment.


gentlygently: in a manner or way that is : in a manner or way that is not rough, violent, or severe not rough, violent, or severe

She She gentlygently brushed the baby's hair. brushed the baby's hair. "Don't cry," he said "Don't cry," he said gently.gently.


whisperwhisper speak or say very quietly so that only a person close by speak or say very quietly so that only a person close by

can hear can hear The children were The children were whisperingwhispering in the corner. in the corner. She She whisperedwhispered a warning to me and then disappeared. a warning to me and then disappeared. (of the wind, leaves, etc. ) make a soft sound (of the wind, leaves, etc. ) make a soft sound The wind was The wind was whisperingwhispering in the roof. in the roof. The leaves of the trees were The leaves of the trees were whisperingwhispering in the wind. in the wind.


hand in hand 'hand in hand ' holding each other's hand (usually with the left hand of one in the holding each other's hand (usually with the left hand of one in the

right hand of the other) right hand of the other) The elderly couple are walking homeward The elderly couple are walking homeward hand in hand. hand in hand. The The

heads of states are standing heads of states are standing hand in hand,hand in hand, posing for a picture. posing for a picture. happening together and closely connected happening together and closely connected Dirt and disease go Dirt and disease go hand in hand. hand in hand. Theory and practice must go Theory and practice must go hand in hand.hand in hand. shoulder to shouldershoulder to shoulder They were standing They were standing shoulder to shoulder.shoulder to shoulder. neck and neckneck and neck She was at least running She was at least running neck and neckneck and neck in the competition. in the competition.


rosebushrosebush : a bush of roses . : a bush of roses . There are very beautiful There are very beautiful rosebushesrosebushes in his in his

garden. garden. The young lovers are fascinated by the The young lovers are fascinated by the

rosebushesrosebushes in the park. in the park.


conspicuouslyconspicuously : in a way that is noticeable or : in a way that is noticeable or easily seen; in an attractive manner easily seen; in an attractive manner

The magazine contains The magazine contains conspicuouslyconspicuously attractive attractive advertisements. advertisements.

The posters on the walls around are The posters on the walls around are conspicuouslyconspicuously eye-catching. eye-catching.

Conspicuous: adj.Conspicuous: adj. Conspicuity: conspicuousness n.Conspicuity: conspicuousness n.


pick pick (1)take what one likes or considers best, or most suitable from a (1)take what one likes or considers best, or most suitable from a

groupgroup The students have to The students have to pickpick three courses from a list of fifteen. three courses from a list of fifteen. She has been She has been pickedpicked to head the planning committee. to head the planning committee. (2)gather; pull or break off (part of a plant) from a tree or plant (2)gather; pull or break off (part of a plant) from a tree or plant She She pickedpicked some flowers from her garden. some flowers from her garden. He He pickedpicked some roses and gave them to his girlfriend. some roses and gave them to his girlfriend. (3) take up or remove something separately or bit by bit using the (3) take up or remove something separately or bit by bit using the

fingers, a beak, a pointed instrument, etc.fingers, a beak, a pointed instrument, etc. The vultures were The vultures were pickingpicking the meat from the carcass. the meat from the carcass. The dog The dog pickedpicked the bone clean. the bone clean.


hoarsehoarse: (of a voice) rough-sounding, as though : (of a voice) rough-sounding, as though the surface of the throat is rougher than usual, the surface of the throat is rougher than usual, e. g. when the speaker has a sore throate. g. when the speaker has a sore throat

My voice has become My voice has become hoarsehoarse since I began to since I began to have a sore throat.have a sore throat.

When the football match was going on, we When the football match was going on, we cheered for our team and we shouted and cheered for our team and we shouted and shouted until our voices went shouted until our voices went hoarsehoarse


evilevil: a great wickedness or misfortune: a great wickedness or misfortune We must conquer the twin We must conquer the twin evilsevils of of

disease and poverty. disease and poverty. The greed for money is the root of all The greed for money is the root of all

evils.evils.


tinytiny: extremely small; very small: extremely small; very small Being a small woman, she gave birth to a Being a small woman, she gave birth to a tinytiny

baby.baby.give in togive in to: give way; surrender; allow oneself to be : give way; surrender; allow oneself to be

beaten beaten The two boys fought until one The two boys fought until one gave in togave in to the the

other. other. Don't Don't give in togive in to their demands, which know no their demands, which know no

boundsbounds


lock it away within youlock it away within you : fasten it firmly in your mind; : fasten it firmly in your mind; imprint it on your mind; bear it in your mind and never forget itimprint it on your mind; bear it in your mind and never forget it

locklock (1) fasten with a lock(1) fasten with a lock LockLock the door after you. the door after you. The door won't The door won't lock.lock. (2) put in a safe place and lock the entrance or opening(2) put in a safe place and lock the entrance or opening She She lockedlocked her jewels in a safe. her jewels in a safe. lock away: lock up; put in a safe place and fasten the locklock away: lock up; put in a safe place and fasten the lock She had She had lockedlocked her money her money awayaway before she went away on before she went away on

holiday, but when sheholiday, but when she returned home, she found that all her money was gone.returned home, she found that all her money was gone.


in that place in your heart where summer is an in that place in your heart where summer is an always timealways time. … in that place in your heart where . … in that place in your heart where there is always sunlight and warmth. / ... in that there is always sunlight and warmth. / ... in that place in your heart which is al ways filled with place in your heart which is al ways filled with joy and happiness. Here, it is easy to see that joy and happiness. Here, it is easy to see that "where summer is an always time" is "where summer is an always time" is metaphorical. And the word "always," which is metaphorical. And the word "always," which is always an adverb, is used as an adjective here. always an adverb, is used as an adjective here. Maybe this reveals that the old man was not Maybe this reveals that the old man was not well-educated.well-educated.


partpart : (to cause to) separate or be no longer : (to cause to) separate or be no longer togethertogether

I hope that we I hope that we partpart as friends ( = remain as friends ( = remain friends as we friends as we part). part).

The war The war partedparted many men from their many men from their families.families.


I want you to reach deep within you and bring I want you to reach deep within you and bring back that first helloback that first hello : I want you to get to the : I want you to get to the bottom of your heart and recall that first hello. / I bottom of your heart and recall that first hello. / I want you to think deeply and recall the friendly want you to think deeply and recall the friendly occasions on which you met your friends and occasions on which you met your friends and said hello to them for the first time.said hello to them for the first time.


bring backbring back (1) cause to return(1) cause to return All library books must be All library books must be brought backbrought back before the end of the before the end of the

term. term. If I go with you in your car, will you be able to If I go with you in your car, will you be able to bringbring me me backback?? (2) obtain and return with(2) obtain and return with He He broughtbrought some beautiful carpets some beautiful carpets backback from Iran. When you go from Iran. When you go

to the post office, will you to the post office, will you bring backbring back some stamps for me? some stamps for me? (3) cause to return to the mind(3) cause to return to the mind Hearing the song Hearing the song brings backbrings back some happy memories. some happy memories. Seeing her again Seeing her again broughtbrought all sweet memories all sweet memories back.back.


gravely gravely : in a way showing great seriousness; (of : in a way showing great seriousness; (of manner) in a state of being serious and solemnmanner) in a state of being serious and solemn

" The situation poses a serious threat to peace," " The situation poses a serious threat to peace," said the ambassador said the ambassador gravely.gravely.


belovedbeloved :(a person who is) dearly loved :(a person who is) dearly loved It is a gift from my It is a gift from my beloved. beloved. His His belovedbeloved wife died. wife died.


summonsummon: order officially to come: order officially to come The guards were The guards were summonedsummoned into the presence of into the presence of

the Queen.the Queen.


when it came to my turn: when it came to my turn: when it was my turn to say when it was my turn to say goodbyegoodbye

turn turn an act of turning; a single movement completely round an act of turning; a single movement completely round

a fixed point a fixed point Don't pull the handle; give it a Don't pull the handle; give it a turn. turn. Give the key a Give the key a turn,turn, and the lock will open. and the lock will open. (2) a point of change in time(2) a point of change in time Young people at the Young people at the turn ofturn of the century must draw up a the century must draw up a

mighty blueprint.mighty blueprint.


note note (1) notice and remember; observe(1) notice and remember; observe NoteNote the way this writer uses the present tense the way this writer uses the present tense

for dramatic effect. for dramatic effect. Please Please notenote that this bill must be paid within 10 that this bill must be paid within 10

days.days. (2) remark; call attention to(2) remark; call attention to The report The report notesnotes with approval the government's with approval the government's

efforts to resolve this problem.efforts to resolve this problem.


breathebreathe (1) take air, gas, etc. into the lungs and send it out again(1) take air, gas, etc. into the lungs and send it out again The doctor told me to The doctor told me to breathebreathe in deeply and then to in deeply and then to

breathebreathe out slowly. I will remember the day as long as I out slowly. I will remember the day as long as I breathe.breathe.

(2) whisper; say softly(2) whisper; say softly He He breathedbreathed words of love into her ear. She words of love into her ear. She breathedbreathed a a

sigh of relief when she heard that she had passed the sigh of relief when she heard that she had passed the exam.*exam.*

Writing skill of this text---description of eyesWriting skill of this text---description of eyes

AuthorAuthor

continued to look into his (grandfather)facecontinued to look into his (grandfather)face looked at the flower looked at the flower

looked up to see my grandfatherlooked up to see my grandfather

Writing skill of this text---description of eyesWriting skill of this text---description of eyes

stared off into the apple treesstared off into the apple trees (his eyes) met mine again(his eyes) met mine again saw my grandfather’s tears, never seen him crysaw my grandfather’s tears, never seen him cry (his eyes) were closed(his eyes) were closed (his eyes) slowly opened(his eyes) slowly opened (his eyes) closed again(his eyes) closed again

Comprehension Questions of Text Comprehension Questions of Text 2(1)2(1)

1.1. On what topic did the colonel and the On what topic did the colonel and the young girl disagree?young girl disagree?

They disagree on the topic whether women They disagree on the topic whether women were still easy to be scared.were still easy to be scared.

2.2. What kind of expression did the American What kind of expression did the American notice came over the face of the hostess?notice came over the face of the hostess?

A strange expression came over the face of A strange expression came over the face of the hostess: she was staring straight ahead the hostess: she was staring straight ahead and her facial muscles contracted slightly.and her facial muscles contracted slightly.


3. 3. What did the American realize the bowl of milk What did the American realize the bowl of milk meant?meant?

It means a bait for a snake.It means a bait for a snake. 4.4. What did the American realize was happening?What did the American realize was happening?

He realized that there must be a cobra in the He realized that there must be a cobra in the room. room.


5.5. How did the American react to the crisis?How did the American react to the crisis? Instead of jumping away from the dinning table Instead of jumping away from the dinning table

and giving the others a warning, he began to and giving the others a warning, he began to speak to them quickly with an arresting voice. speak to them quickly with an arresting voice.

6.6. What did the American say to make sure that What did the American say to make sure that everyone remained perfectly still?everyone remained perfectly still?

He said, “ I want to know what control He said, “ I want to know what control everyone at this table has. I will count three everyone at this table has. I will count three hundred– that’s five minutes– and not one of hundred– that’s five minutes– and not one of you is to move a muscle. Those who move will you is to move a muscle. Those who move will forfeit 50 rupees.”forfeit 50 rupees.”


7.7. Why did the hostess’s face light up with a Why did the hostess’s face light up with a faint smile?faint smile?

Because the hostess, with the help of the Because the hostess, with the help of the American, had just escaped the danger of a American, had just escaped the danger of a possible attack by a cobra.possible attack by a cobra.

8.8. What qualities did both the American and What qualities did both the American and the hostess display?the hostess display?

Both of them, a man and a woman, demonstrated Both of them, a man and a woman, demonstrated the marvelous quality of self-control.the marvelous quality of self-control.

Grammatical items : InversionGrammatical items : Inversion

谓语动词放在主语之前的这种语法现象称为谓语动词放在主语之前的这种语法现象称为倒装。从倒装的形式来看，可分为全部倒装倒装。从倒装的形式来看，可分为全部倒装(full inversion)(full inversion) 和部分倒装和部分倒装 (partial inversio(partial inversion)n) 两种。前者是指整个谓语置于主语之前，两种。前者是指整个谓语置于主语之前，而后者仅是指助动词、情态动词或而后者仅是指助动词、情态动词或 be be 动词动词等功能置于主语之前。等功能置于主语之前。

引起倒装的情况多种多样，倒装的表现形式引起倒装的情况多种多样，倒装的表现形式大体有下列几种大体有下列几种：：

Grammatical itemGrammatical item ：： Inversion (2)Inversion (2)

• 11 ．在疑问句中．在疑问句中 • • 例例 11 ：： How are you getting along with your work? How are you getting along with your work? • • 例例 22 ：： Is this report written in detail? Is this report written in detail? • • 注：如疑问词作主语或者作定语修饰主语时，不发生倒装。注：如疑问词作主语或者作定语修饰主语时，不发生倒装。 • • 22 ．在．在 there be there be 及其类似结构中及其类似结构中 • • 例例 11 ：： There are forty students in our class. There are forty students in our class. • • 例例 22 ：： There seem to be still some elements undiscovered yet. There seem to be still some elements undiscovered yet. • • 例例 33 ：： There stands a bridge across the river. There stands a bridge across the river.


33 ．在表示祝愿的句子中．在表示祝愿的句子中例例 11 ：： Long live the PeopleLong live the People’’s Republic of China! s Republic of China! 例例 22 ：： May you succeed! May you succeed! 例例 33 ：： Dog-tired though they were, they continued to march on. Dog-tired though they were, they continued to march on. 44 ．在省略．在省略 if if 的虚拟语气条件状语从句中的虚拟语气条件状语从句中这类句子中有这类句子中有 were, had, shouldwere, had, should 等词时，把等词时，把 were, hadwere, had 或或 shouldshould 置于句置于句

首。首。例例 11 ：： Were there no air or water, there would be no life in the world. Were there no air or water, there would be no life in the world. 例例 22 ：： Had you been more careful, such spelling mistakes might have Had you been more careful, such spelling mistakes might have

been avoided. been avoided.


55 ．在．在 so, nor, neitherso, nor, neither 或或 no moreno more 开头的句子中开头的句子中此类句子通常表示前面一句话中的谓语所说明的情况，此类句子通常表示前面一句话中的谓语所说明的情况，

也适用于另一句中的主语。例如：也适用于另一句中的主语。例如： 11 ）） This problem is not difficult and neither is that oThis problem is not difficult and neither is that o

ne. ne. 22 ）） Coal is under the ground in some places, and so Coal is under the ground in some places, and so

is oil. is oil.


66 ．在以具有否定意义的副词、连词及词组开头的句子中．在以具有否定意义的副词、连词及词组开头的句子中这些词和词组通常有：这些词和词组通常有： rarely, never, scarcely, no sooner, litrarely, never, scarcely, no sooner, lit

tle, few, hardly, seldom, at no time, in no way, on no accotle, few, hardly, seldom, at no time, in no way, on no account, nowhere, nobody, not onlyunt, nowhere, nobody, not only 等。例如：等。例如：

11 ）） Visit our stores. Nowhere else will you find such magVisit our stores. Nowhere else will you find such magnificent bargains. nificent bargains.

22 ）） Hardly had he finished his work when the telephone Hardly had he finished his work when the telephone rang. rang.

33 ）） Not only did he complain about theNot only did he complain about the food, he also r food, he also refused to pay for it. efused to pay for it.

44 ）） Little did we think his speech had made so dLittle did we think his speech had made so deep an impression on his audience. eep an impression on his audience.


77 ．在强调表语时．在强调表语时例例 11 ：： Worst of all were the humiliations. Worst of all were the humiliations. 例例 22 ：： Such is the case. Such is the case.


88 ．在强调宾语时．在强调宾语时例例 11 ：： Still greater contributions should we make to our socialist coStill greater contributions should we make to our socialist co

nstruction. nstruction. 例例 22 ：： Useful chemical fertilizer can we make from the waste liquid.Useful chemical fertilizer can we make from the waste liquid.

注：当前置宾语由“注：当前置宾语由“ not a +not a + 名词”或者“名词”或者“ not a single +not a single + 名词”构成时，名词”构成时，

也会引起倒装。例如：也会引起倒装。例如： Alice had a terrible time touring that country. Not a day did she speAlice had a terrible time touring that country. Not a day did she spe

nd without having some unpleasantness with waiters in the hotel. nd without having some unpleasantness with waiters in the hotel.


99 ．在强调状语时．在强调状语时（（ 11 ）当句首状语为方位词或拟声词，谓语动词为）当句首状语为方位词或拟声词，谓语动词为 go, comego, come 等表示位等表示位

置转移的动词时句子须倒装。例如：置转移的动词时句子须倒装。例如： 11 ）） Up went the plane. Up went the plane. 22 ）） In came the chairman and the meeting began. In came the chairman and the meeting began. 注：如果主语是代词则不发生倒装。例如：注：如果主语是代词则不发生倒装。例如： 11 ）） Out they rushed! Out they rushed! 22 ）） Lower and lower he bent.Lower and lower he bent. (2) (2) 当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，句子须倒装。例如：当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，句子须倒装。例如： 11 ）） Round the corner walked a large policeman. Round the corner walked a large policeman. 22 ）） Under the table was lying a half-conscious young man. Under the table was lying a half-conscious young man.

Grammatical itemGrammatical item ：： Inversion (9)Inversion (9) （（ 33 ）当句首状语由“）当句首状语由“ only +only + 副词”，“副词”，“ only +only + 介词词组”，“介词词组”，“ only +only + 状语从句”状语从句”

构成时，句子须倒装。例如：构成时，句子须倒装。例如： 11 ）） Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing. Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing. 22 ）） Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets iOnly because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets i

n the end. n the end. （（ 44 ）当句首状语为）当句首状语为 here, there, now, thenhere, there, now, then 等时，句子须倒装，主语是代词时，句等时，句子须倒装，主语是代词时，句

子不用倒装。例如：子不用倒装。例如： 11 ）） Here is a ticket for you. Here is a ticket for you. 22 ）） Now comes your turn. Now comes your turn. 33 ）） Here he comes. Here he comes.


（（ 55 ）以关联词）以关联词 so (so (……that)that) 开头的句子中，句子须倒装。例如：开头的句子中，句子须倒装。例如： 11 ）） So small was the mark that I could hardly see it. So small was the mark that I could hardly see it. 22 ）） So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonSo quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bon

us. us. 33 ）） So much does he worry about his financial position that he canSo much does he worry about his financial position that he can’’t sleep at t sleep at

night. night. 注：在该结构中，“注：在该结构中，“ so +so + 形容词”是表语的前置；“形容词”是表语的前置；“ so +so + 副词”是状副词”是状

语的前置。语的前置。


1010 ．在直接引语之后．在直接引语之后在叙事性书面语中，直接引语后常跟在叙事性书面语中，直接引语后常跟 asked Mary, aasked Mary, a

nswered John, said the old lady, grunted Peternswered John, said the old lady, grunted Peter之类的词语。在这些词语中，动词常的主语之前，之类的词语。在这些词语中，动词常的主语之前，主语是代词时，不用倒装。例如：主语是代词时，不用倒装。例如：

11 ）“）“ What do you mean?What do you mean?”” asked Henry. asked Henry. 22 ）“）“ What do you mean?What do you mean?”” he asked. he asked.


11. often, many a time11. often, many a time 等表示频度的状语置于句首时等表示频度的状语置于句首时例如：例如： Often did they think of going there, but they never had a Often did they think of going there, but they never had a

chance. chance. 1212 ．在．在 as, thoughas, though 引导的让步状语从句中引导的让步状语从句中在在 as, thoughas, though 引导的让步状语从句中，一般将形容词、副引导的让步状语从句中，一般将形容词、副

词或名词等置于句首。例如：词或名词等置于句首。例如： Small as the atom is, we can smash itSmall as the atom is, we can smash it

Exercises (1)Exercises (1)Translation exercisesTranslation exercises 1. 1. 他为这次面试中可能面对的问题准备好了他为这次面试中可能面对的问题准备好了

答案。答案。 (confront)(confront) He has prepared answers to the questions that he He has prepared answers to the questions that he

expected to confront during the interview.expected to confront during the interview. 2.2. 他那悲惨的遭遇深深地打动了我们，使我他那悲惨的遭遇深深地打动了我们，使我

们几乎要哭出声来。们几乎要哭出声来。 (touch)(touch) His sad story touched us so deeply that we nearlHis sad story touched us so deeply that we nearl

y cried.y cried.

Exercises (2)Exercises (2)

3. 3. 他们俩沿着河边手挽着手散步，有说有笑，他们俩沿着河边手挽着手散步，有说有笑，非常愉快。非常愉快。 (hand in hand)(hand in hand)

The two of them are walking hand in hand along The two of them are walking hand in hand along the river bank, chatting, laughing, and looking hthe river bank, chatting, laughing, and looking happy.appy.

4. 4. 他听到这令人激动的消息之后，眼睛里涌他听到这令人激动的消息之后，眼睛里涌出欢乐的泪水。出欢乐的泪水。 (well up)(well up)

When he heard the exciting news, tears of joy wWhen he heard the exciting news, tears of joy welled up in his eyes.elled up in his eyes.


5. 5. 上海人容易听懂苏州话，因为上海话和苏州话有上海人容易听懂苏州话，因为上海话和苏州话有许多共同之处。许多共同之处。 (in common)(in common)

People from Shanghai can understand Suzhou dialect wPeople from Shanghai can understand Suzhou dialect with ease, for Shanghai dialect and Suzhou dialect have ith ease, for Shanghai dialect and Suzhou dialect have much in common.much in common.

6. 6. 亨利和妻子正在研究能否在三年内买一幢新房。亨利和妻子正在研究能否在三年内买一幢新房。( look into)( look into)

Henry and his wife are looking into the possibility of buHenry and his wife are looking into the possibility of buying a new house within three years. ying a new house within three years.


7. 7. 对女儿再三请求到国外去深造，他最终让对女儿再三请求到国外去深造，他最终让步了。步了。 (give in to)(give in to)

He finally gave in to his daughter’s repeated reqHe finally gave in to his daughter’s repeated requests to further her education abroad.uests to further her education abroad.

8. 8. 我们把所有贵重物品都锁好了，然后才出我们把所有贵重物品都锁好了，然后才出去度假。去度假。 (lock away)(lock away)

We locked all our valuables away before we weWe locked all our valuables away before we went on holiday.nt on holiday.

Exercises (5)Exercises (5) 9.9. 虽然咱们分手了，但我希望咱们依然是好朋友，虽然咱们分手了，但我希望咱们依然是好朋友，像以前一样互相关心，互相帮助。像以前一样互相关心，互相帮助。 (part)(part)

Although we have parted from each other, I hope that wAlthough we have parted from each other, I hope that we will remain good friends and that we will care for and e will remain good friends and that we will care for and help each other just as we did in the past. help each other just as we did in the past.

10. 10. 在紧急关头，军长召集全体军官开会，制定新在紧急关头，军长召集全体军官开会，制定新的克敌战略战术。的克敌战略战术。 (summon)(summon)

At the critical moment, the army commander summoneAt the critical moment, the army commander summoned all the officers to work out new strategies and tactics d all the officers to work out new strategies and tactics which would make it possible to conquer the enemy. which would make it possible to conquer the enemy.

Exercises (6)Exercises (6) Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the

box in its appropriate form.box in its appropriate form.

Lock away summon instead stare whisper give in evil confront with well up gently brief pull


The minister didn’t make any comments on their The minister didn’t make any comments on their own human rights problems; he said _________ own human rights problems; he said _________ that we were to do more on this issue. that we were to do more on this issue.

_______________ the sight of the poor, the _______________ the sight of the poor, the sick and the unemployed, the government had sick and the unemployed, the government had no way but to decide to reform.no way but to decide to reform.

Take good care to ____________ your jewelry Take good care to ____________ your jewelry before going away on holiday.before going away on holiday.

Strong feelings ____________ within him,Strong feelings ____________ within him,

instead

Confronted with

lock away

welled up


He tried to ____________ from his memory He tried to ____________ from his memory what he knew of his former neighbor. what he knew of his former neighbor.

The Secretary of State said that the war was The Secretary of State said that the war was going to be _________ but decisive.going to be _________ but decisive.

I looked hard at him, while he ___________ I looked hard at him, while he ___________ dully back at me.dully back at me.

A voice seemed to be ____________ in her A voice seemed to be ____________ in her mind, telling her to be brave.mind, telling her to be brave.

summon

briefstared

whispering


If a man speaks or acts with a(n) ___________ If a man speaks or acts with a(n) ___________ thought, pain follows him.thought, pain follows him.

If you always ___________ to other you will If you always ___________ to other you will end up feeling depressed. end up feeling depressed.

evil

give in

Oral activities Oral activities

The old house is better than the new The old house is better than the new one.one.

Never say goodbye to a dying person.Never say goodbye to a dying person. Friendship encourages people while Friendship encourages people while

sorrow doesn’t .sorrow doesn’t .

Writing practice (1)Writing practice (1)

Write a short essay on the following topic in Write a short essay on the following topic in about 150 words.about 150 words.

Topic: What do you think are the three most Topic: What do you think are the three most important elements of love?important elements of love?

What do they entail?What do they entail?

Writing practice (2)Writing practice (2) Sample 1Sample 1 In my opinion, understanding, respect and responsibility are the three In my opinion, understanding, respect and responsibility are the three

most important elements of love.most important elements of love. Love means knowledge or understanding. By knowledge, I mean I Love means knowledge or understanding. By knowledge, I mean I

know the person I love. I am aware of the many sides of the other know the person I love. I am aware of the many sides of the other person not just the beautiful side but also the imperfections.person not just the beautiful side but also the imperfections.

Love means having respect for the dignity of the person I love. If I love Love means having respect for the dignity of the person I love. If I love you I can see you as a separate person with your own values, feelings you I can see you as a separate person with your own values, feelings and interests. I do not insist that you give up your own identity and and interests. I do not insist that you give up your own identity and conform to what I expect you to be.conform to what I expect you to be.

Love means responsibility towards the person I love. If I love you, I'm Love means responsibility towards the person I love. If I love you, I'm responsive to most of your needs as a person. I am directly involved in responsive to most of your needs as a person. I am directly involved in your happiness and misery.your happiness and misery.

All in all, understanding, respect and responsibility are the three most All in all, understanding, respect and responsibility are the three most important elements of love. important elements of love.

Writing practice (3)Writing practice (3)

Sample 2Sample 2 As far as I'm concerned, the most important elements of love are knowledge, tolerance As far as I'm concerned, the most important elements of love are knowledge, tolerance

of imperfection and its reciprocal nature.of imperfection and its reciprocal nature. Knowledge means not only being aware of what the other person is now, but also Knowledge means not only being aware of what the other person is now, but also

seeing the potential within the person. It implies knowing the person inside out not seeing the potential within the person. It implies knowing the person inside out not only the strengths but also the weaknesses, not only the obvious characteristics, but only the strengths but also the weaknesses, not only the obvious characteristics, but also the inner self.also the inner self.

Tolerance of imperfection entails a willingness to stay with each other in hard times Tolerance of imperfection entails a willingness to stay with each other in hard times and see each other's problems through. In this imperfect world, both sides should be and see each other's problems through. In this imperfect world, both sides should be prepared for times of pain, failure and despair, and believe that love can make the prepared for times of pain, failure and despair, and believe that love can make the world go round.world go round.

By nature love is reciprocal. It involves two sides. Both persons love and are loved; By nature love is reciprocal. It involves two sides. Both persons love and are loved; care and are cared for. They both benefit from their love; they are a stimulant for each care and are cared for. They both benefit from their love; they are a stimulant for each other to become more fully what they might become. (153 words) other to become more fully what they might become. (153 words)

Good bye!Good bye!

unit 1 never say goodbye. contents pre-reading questions pre-reading questions pre-reading...

Documents

goodbye background information

goodbye means

goodbye contentspre

goodbye hayley westenra

authors grandpa

moment of parting

sad momentthe loss

sad experience