unit 1 levels of organization organization 52 … · 2016-11-26 · 1 pr(>1~

1 Contents

UNIT 1 LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION

• AnlntroductiontoAnatomy 1: andPhys•ology 27

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•TheChemical l evet of ~ Organization 52 •!"'\.

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2-7 l lodrHuodpH i>vitolloo-no.-n.o,.a>io 67

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no<rO<¡<n ond.,olorm..Ohom omiM><id> "

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2-14 1 Chfmiuloond 1 hf"in1«0<"'~Slorm fun<tionolun i1>

<>1 1..0<~11> S<

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•TheCel!ularlevel \~ ... ~ o!Organization 90

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:~~:~~nnd.'n~:•• • ronm~n1 ond ~rform> •••N>uo

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controHing<el lulo• ><"••> ,.> ""

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Orffuooo-nis o po"i• < "•n<po<l ""'<h•n><moh• t.-">1> moml><•ne poi>•g• "'

·6 l ( ou~r- modoot..O ond .. >i<uloruon>p(I<IO»i" momb< onopo»og~ 110

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-9 I S.....,roi <J<owthfo<to<> offt<1tho colllift <)'<le 119

10 I Tumoru"<<<><><<•,.•Hhor><l<ti>..Obr ob<lormolcoll growth o"<<di,.¡>N>n 11!

3-11 I OoKtrtMiolionl><ttlulor>p«iolintiono<oro>ult of gene ><to•ot<><torropr~»<><t t"

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•TheTissuelevel ~ of0rganizalion139 ~

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' '~

UNIT 2 SUPPORT ANO MOVEMENT

•Thtlnlegumtnlary System 176

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lh<'L'"""""''"'"""' 11<'''"~ 111

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·~ •TheAppenditular ,. Skell~ton 26 7

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. Joinls289

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1 Th<t<~Oit<al<y1IOM<uppotUOndstoto•oMtgyor>d miMtolsfotolhol<body<y110M' 110

C~t¡plorR ... tOw lll

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D Muscle Tissue315

10-1 1 Skolotal muO<Itporlotms•i•m•io<fun<lions JI~

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11·2 I Theth<"<l•ueoort.t-e .. it><<U""'""'• ff•cóet>< y "''

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UNIT 3 CONTROL ANO REGULATION

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l'«'l'"l~o< lnhohllwn>.,><ll'h''l "''~" l•<oiii.O«H\ H~

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Choptet ~<tv<ew <11

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=-~.::~6 ... ~ ....... _ _....... ....

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~ TheSpinalCord. SpinalNerves.~ lliiJ and Spinal ReHexes 455 f' ' """'"oductlootool>eSp<noiCO<d,Spot>ol--.

onc!SponoiRellt• e• <<6

13-1 I Tht btalnandoponolcO<dtooke upt ... <on<<OI<\t<VOu> oy.,emiC NSI, ond ohe cooniolne•••••ndopinolne•ve• makeup tl>epe<ipM<aln••"""'''Y"•miPNSI • <6

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13-J • :=.....on:~~;:::·~<>;;:~~..:=:.,,_ pi.cotophoco<6t <~n ... .o w>nof(,'I' M.KI<< '6l

Ot~""'""'"of\\-ho~<M.,t" 061

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An•«>fll)'of"'>t<,.IN<-"·"'•&J

1\·,.pht-<-oll>o"""""'"'of'rlt,.IN..,,..,_ ~M

13-S l ~-=.:;~molunctionol9'ouPI

13-6 1 ~t1,!"u';;'' :·;~•Of>Ntout....,.ti<•~•ponWito

111< M<·n~. " ' "~

13·7 1 Spinol ·~""""' ""'~"' coml)lo•iiY ~7~ ~""""P'-'1"" 11<11.....-. H~ l'l>l"nupto<llo.~UO

13-8 I Th<lbtoincanofft<<.,.,...<.,.d· bowdffl'lo.., ~31

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•TheBrainandCranial Nerves 487

l lMbt...,,..o t-rftfolprin<opol "'"''u'""'u<hwóth _.;!;clunctoono H\11

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14·2 I T ... b<OinioptotO<ttd~n<l•upport~byth~«•n••l

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llo -lo 1 Tl>opon•contoin•n<><leionduocut"• t<• "YO••oloy "~"·"" "'""""''"h~·•p ' " .. noory ondmow inlotmotion <'!S ' '"'·'•'"'" "'f'l' l'""""'l' '"

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llo-6 1 :: ~~~~~7.".:~,~::;• ·~~•<O<y and vi<~l toOm•

14-7 1 Tho dion<o¡>/>aloninl.-qootot,.n>ooyinlo<matlonw~h

motorOYtput ottho •ub<on><;ou>l-1 ·~•1

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14-9 1 ThO<o<oboum,<hti0<9"'''f9ionolthobooin, <on10in< moto.-,<on>O<y, ond•"oo:;orionO!oo< 'Klol

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Sp:!::., ...,,, "

IIW' Sensory Pathways and llliiJ' the Somatic Nervous System 53t.

1 ~;,:~~o>d~~ion toSon<O<y Poohwoy• ond tho Somo1k Noovou>

15 I S.n<<><yinloom•Uonfoom oll~'""""< body•> ooutodtot"••omoto<on<Ooy<o.-10• '"

Son>o.-y•...:opto«<onnO<to<" intoonol o<"><lo•l••n• l tnv,.onmonuwot.,thonoov<~u><y<l om ;,.,

l ho·O~"-""'""' "'"'"' ' '"'

''"""' '!'"'·"""''''""""''"''"'"·"'"" ,,

1..-·o·h ofl~o<C''""'•'><IM<U<K(.<>nnol

Ch>plorRo .. ow •s• Spollo; "ts

~~l,e...,yP,ot"'".-,> 1'6

.. TheAutonomit Nervous t llliW Sys1em and Higher-Order Funclions 557

1 A~lnt<odOKtiontotl>oAutonomocNo<>ou<Synom ond

Hlg"ot·O.<Ior Function> "~

1 1huuoonomi<nO<>OY>>y<1 omio inv<~l•odontl>o

un<on"""'''<'9" '"""""'•i><orolfunctoon> • ndho< ·~mpothoo k ot">d~•••ym~tl>ooi<d iviooons "~

l>•>'·""'•""""'""''"' "8

""'"'""'"''h'''' "'' 16-2 1 Thorympothotkd,.ioioncon>oottolp..-q•"91ionK

nouron<ond9•n9honocno'"""'inOI(Oio«<inu<i"9 """'9V •<"><~in-cro.o<0"9motoboli<••tt "•.'

''','";;:·,~:.',~"':;:~ '"·'""'" "'''" " ·mp.tln·<n

1 ~;;:u::;:.~~~,;.~,~::~::,;:,:'·~~~'"'"" '<~·:··::.',~.·;· '~::::"'-"""' .. "llho•l<oloN "'

"·::·~:·~:~;·,:·:"";~~"'" ... , '"' ~- '· -~ "' """"'·"'""'""''·"'"'"""'""" ,,,, Th•p•,.>ympo<h<h<d•VI>IOntonohl>olpt090n9hO~>< nouoono •<"><~9•"91iont<nouoM> •n•ol•odO~

'"""'"'"9"""'9Y•ndiOw0""9mot•l>oH<t>!< '<•S

'"~"" ""'" ·""' '"·"""" "' ''" ''·"-"'"'''""''"

'"""''·"'""''''"''"''" -,,,,

16 I St ........ t""'of~~>rmpot""i<....,onoloochtotht teiN><Ioftht-••""""'"'"'h ~;o

~l<m!)r•,...ll«<f"ot'"nd"'""""'"" ~;o

"'"'"""! 11>< r .. .,1 m~"''"' "' LJ""""" ~;o 16·6 1 Thtormi>Othtti< oncii>O<•>rmpothotkdt••"-•

lntt<o<~ <<eOMgduollnf>f< .. tÍOf> Ft

~"""'n¡ ol f)u.ollno><f'>to<>ll <71

" """''"'~'·O("''""""'",.,.,,.,. 5;' ""''"''JO•'""' ol~'-~ .,.,¡ ~' ~ \c .. , ... , 177

16·8 1 ~o~':.:.":!::un;;:;>"'it>< h,oclt........,.yo<>d>toto> ol

M<llOOfl' <78

'""~otc..,.,..,..,.,..,..~, ltl<l

16·t • :::::..-·~·~'"'"~uet><O br...,chtm<>ttyond

Agongproduc""•"""''"'"'tUfol-1""''"""' <NftgM ;, .... ....,_, '"' ..... '>31

CNptt<R- 181

~l>g~tol,....,,_ ..... 1'"'"'16(1 . '•,~ TheSpecialSenses 589 ...

OllocMn, l ht>Cin>oofomtll, invol~>olloctooy

<t<tp<o"'">!>O<'d•ng tochoMo<Oiotomuli 1?0

G.u>toti<>R,<ht...,oool•~"•· --•»<t •t<~<ot>

"""""'"'9 10<...._ .. .......... ·~·

'·'""'""''" '"''"""'.'"'" \?1 lftiO<nol o,.., .,,uctutoo conlnbuiOIO•<>ÍOf>, wholo "''"""'Yoyo "'"''u<O>ptO•ocltp!<>l octoon 1'"'

'""'""'"""'u«>oltlw-1¡< ''"' , .... ,,.,?')

-O<O<opto<Stnponcltolightond<Nngoo ;tinto olo<UK.oi..,....OOO-i.ott0-~ <10'

''""''l'lt)•oolot:> 6(1';'

,.,..,,,,,.lr"h""''61<

EquilibnumoO<>~t->O<ogonotowithonthtO\I t<nol

~~~;~:~::·~r.~:~·=~::: "::~""" ..... ,.,.,.,.,,,.,_,¡ ,¡,. ¡., ~·~

CM¡II..-R...-6JO

Spolt.ghts ,.¡w,., ·"' 1~1 ,,,,, ·--·f'""'61(l

""

: TheEnd(KrineSystem 634 r-1 "nlnltoductiontotho fnclo<t inoSyt1om ~JI \

~=~:::,:."'~.·:~~<1 tht<>ugh into-collul• •

.,..,.,..,..,,.,¡ f),,.,...,, ..... ,ofttO<""""" ~18

"""-'"'""'..,¡""'""""""'""' MO ,,...,,,,¡O(t"""''"~ '""''""''' .... """'"""ti.·"·' Ml

::,:::':~;:'~:~t~~~:~·~~~ ·ino "'9'" thot

n..- \nt<<OOflol~··••l~·t'nuot."'l,l••hl M<

""'""'<<K~I< ..... ·of<<H"I'<1UtW\· (.I•ohl M? "'mm•'"> lb;-IO,Km<H~"><~ oh.¡ I~IU<U<) (.l•nJ ~~~

Thot...,_gl.ondloniniO<iofto tho iMyn•ond

,._H""'"~""""'""""'r"'"""' 6'" ltnt .. odtollo.l<>.onJitno•..JII<><n........,6>!

'"''"""""''"''"hl"'""""-" 6" lho·<<dl,,>fohol!"""'lt.l•nJ•"'''•k"omn ""

Tho !c>uo~tot "~'""' gloncl>. omboddoclon tho po"of<otsudoc:ooft~oth~toiclgl• ncl.•oc••••

p•<Othy<oOd,..,mof>f<o ole•o<o bloo<ICo" ""'

::::::n~':i..:::~:~:.·::~7 ....

:::.:::~=.::-:.::::..:•7',ool oltMtlwd

"''-'"""bothono•oc•-oo<)M>ond"""""'"'"' ,._ .... , '"' .......... ··~ ··· .... ..

18·10 1Hoo-<oft!f<""" ",......,..."-d'n•tod plly>ooiogo<Oit"P<N'"' ''''''

""'-"- ~" S,OO"!:s •..N._ol_ ~ · · • ~=-:~·-~" .... -·--~ ~, ,

UNIT 4 FLUID S ANO TRANSPORT

Blood 678

Anlnllodu<tooni<>Biood•MthoCo•d~<>••u"'••

Sy""" ''" _,, ... _ .. ,_ ............. _,.nd_ """" ................... . ' :::-;7.,.";.'.:;::,~n~<""'-•"'J"''o<..,.

~odbloo<l<..,l<,lo<-.!byot,..l><-"~'ont"'" ho"'oglobont~•tunl>oo •<yclod ,, t

""""'·""' '" ~·· ' .. .

. '"'' .............. ................ ~~~

"""'0:"~ .................. , ........ ,,, .. ,¡

ThoYOtiOU<typflolwhl!obloo<lcoM<<...,t"b<ttototho l>ody\dolon..,, ,,.,,

\110 t '"ul.o••• • ••i '""''"'''~ <•'11

Ploooloo ~o,.. . ........,,.,.,.,.., .. ..,._....., _..,.,I'O<JW>.I""'t-"'tM<Ion""J-'" ~ ,, .... ~ ............... "~

ttemo«•<o<•n•ol•••••«wl•••p.,m,plot ... tpl"9 lo"'"'' ""'-ondbloo<l<<»gulot""' "-"

Ctlapl+<ll.....w :'Uf,

S,OO~h::...... ........ ___ • ........., o... ..... "'~"'~ •. ,,

TheHear1 710

Hooho.,,;,.¡,,., ch•mbotodot9""''~PPhOdbvtho '"'on••y<nft, lhOipumpoooygon ·pOO<bloo<l

::.:.';'"-~''"""'Y9"'"'"~t>loodtothott>tol<"'

"" ........... ,~. ······ ,,, '" ·' ' !Mc00>6u<tof'9'V"'"'d""'b<M>•I«t<o<ol...,pul>., tl><<>v<Jh<"'""'"'""on•l«ll<><.,doog••n>•H(Hd> tM••«><,.<t<l•if.<tto<ol•••m•

rll<r.l«•""''ru""'"" 718 C<>ntr"'toi<C<II> 71?

20-l l f-"duringuomplttohoo.,btot,..\oupocordix <y<ie 1.rl l'h,,.., oltii<C.rdo"' CI<I<7JJ

l'r<"ur<•n<,ll'<.>lunt<C~•n,.....ontii<C.rdo.o<C)d,· 7J4

20·' 1 ~:::::::~=· ~~~minH tho IO<toflt houfft«

Own·,....- r..,,o,.M«t•"!.C...Io..-Outl"" 1J7

'"'"" """"''""'"" 11-.nlt.ot< no l'.ot1onAfl«to"J:<><rokl"olum<7•t :.Umm•r¡· ti><Lon<«JJ oiC..rdo..-()u ll"'l 7•J

lll<lt<•"•""'""c.'"""''""'".s¡"'"" 7<< C~OpltrRt•otw 7<S

sp:~~~ .... M ..... ' ~" .. .., •1• (>tdo>< "''"'"""""''JO

1111" BloodVessels ''' ~ liiiJ' and Circulalion ~ 1 Antntrodu<lóon<o81oodVt,.tl>ond(ir< uiOiion 7loO

I ArltriH.•rloriolto.upilloriH. ~nuloo.•nd .. inodiffor inlizt, l1r<><turo,ondlur><r .,_lp«>~rl;., 7SO

21 ·2 I Prt ,.ur .. ndrt>ii!OMtdtl«minoblood~- •nd offt<t<Oit«>f<.pilory u<"-9< 760

.\nO.'"'""'' oiL.rd..,.-,,.-ur., '~"'"''"' 7~1

C•r• ll•t¡ · I'«"""'"~IC•r""'ll' b<h>n¡:< 7<.~

21 · 3 l <• •diovo><ulorr"'llulotO<ymt dt• ni>m>in-ol .. ~::=:.,;~.:'8"*""'"'t<honi>mo.ondor><lo<rint

\ut<>"·~I.,.,.,.,(Rioodlio.-~othonlo"t"" 7M

"''""'·"''h"'""" ·~·· '"""M"""'I"<itlldM~I'<"UIII,..,..II1""' 77}

21 -~ 1 Thuordio•O«u101>yl1om.odoplttoplt)'iiologo<ol 11rouondmointotn•••~lolvo«u~<>upplytotho broin. hoort ondlung• 77~

ll><<.od ...... ...-.. , ...... """'"'"''"'"'"' ;;•

,,,.._.,,..,..,,.,,,, .... ...,_..,,,,..,.,h.,.""'¡¡ , .......... , '>uppl¡ "'"""'"' N.won• 77~

21 · 5 I Tht¡>Uimon.ory•nd>)'ilt Mi<<;,<uiUof<ho

~:·,::;::><~~·; •Y'•tmuhit>;tthrtegtntrolfun<lóonol

21-6 l lnthor>ulmon••y <ircu~.dooxygt<tottdbloodonton tht lung•in•r<oriH.•ndoxrgonotodbloodloovt>tM luft9•by~in• 780

21·7 I Thosy>tomi<<i«uil <•<ht>o•ygonolt<lbloodlrom tholtf1 .. ntri<lttoli"""'ond"'9""'01Mrthon thor>ul....,nory t •<ho-ngo surlxt>, andrtlurns dto•rgonotodblood tothorHJh< • triuM 731

'>'""""' ... "" 78~ 21·8 I Modir.cotionoolfota londmotornolurdio•o><ulor

:~~~:~:;:;;";:::. ::~:,~• ~!;"'trlal~ ond

'~"''""' ~lood >uppo/ 7'>3 !<,.IC!I<\ll.ltoon•ntl><ll<•n•n.ICt<ltl'""'" 7?8

21 -~ l llgift90IIt<t>tl>tblood,-r~ ondblood .. , .... 801

Cltoptt<llOY<tw80J

Spotl oghr Cong<••,.,,....,_,soo

1!11' The Lymphatic Syslem liiiiiJ' and lmmunity 807

1 An rntrodu<honto<hotymp~~ti<Sy>ltm

' """""'unity 81)¿1

22 · 1 I S... focot..<ri«>ondint«,..lrkf-'"'""ko"''

:::;::::~":::'-'"" lympltocyto< prcnoido.odoptiw

lyMpltOii< .. .,tlo.lympho<ytto.lympho<lti>>uuond lympl>o>dorgon>lun<1óoninbodydt ltnso• W?

'"'""""""''h.·t¡·mph.llo<'"""'

IIK·I¡n> ..... •l ~ 'l'«m~tolik>.l> ,,.. ,,.,...,, ~.'0

rnnore (non>r>«•li< l dt ltn>t>dono< d•><••monott bttwtenpottnt,.lthrtOt$0ftd<two<tdtho,.mt reg• rdltuolthton• odtr 'l.'

'""'1'¡,-.,,. . .,, '"""'" ~l' l<oO""""'""' 817

22-¿ 1 Adoptinhp«ifoc l d<l~n"'''~'pondtolndi•Hiuol ohou.,ond ••~oitM•c~ll --ttdoo ""til>ody -ttd M¿

r"'!'<n•~·• \J•t'ln~lmmuml\' ~lit

An lnt«•hKt""'O<> <h<tmmun<li.~t><><l .... ~1(1

22-S 1 Tulloployo <~ininitiot i"9."'0intoin i "9-•nd conuolhngtMimmun••<tpot>>< ~·•

·'""!>o""''""'"'·""'" ~"

22-6 1 ::,~.::.:.~;;~oontigeo'lobyt»O<I<•<ingopo<ifK

~(<ll'<n""'"""''"" '<ln·•<•m 8tlo

·~··,.~· ·<'hl'«ond•~~ .............. .,. ... ,_.,..,.,.,,,-s,o "-'"'",." ofoh<lmmn"'""'"'l"'""' ~''

22-7 1 "'"''"""'"'"'""'""'~•nobl~•• n<»Mol itomu~ ~~:::;:,; ·~~~''"' ' •• •pon><< <<>ul< In iMtoune

l lt,·l),wk>f'n~·ntnflnon""""""'P<"«<"< ~'-'

1 >to~""'''-"" <h<lnunu>K"'"«"' ~-11

22·8 1 TMommu~<e>pon><<limini>he>o< ... ..,. ~5t

22-9 1 :.:::.:~::::.~~,;.,.,y<t~m> l"~._..n<e tM

ChopterRo•~w Kll

Spothght ()101._,,. , ............. ,,".., ""'

Cl oc.

UNIT 5 ENVIRONMENTAL EXCHANGE

D The RespiratorySystem 856 l I Ant.,uodu<tlontotMRo<piutO<ySptom ~~~ "

23·1 l l M,.>pH-owyoptom,O<gonlac!W.to onupp<<

:~:-;,•:::,r,•;:.~~ • :;"' •~•pi•~"'' ,,,. .... ,t.o.

1 "'"'"""''''"'' "'""""'<><)" """"' $\~ (}o¡:.ln'-'"""'<>Íoln·""•r' "'"'>''p«nt liS"

23-2 I Loutt-douUI<Ittl-..t,_.o<icu•i<y, t l-..uppo< •~•pi>OtOI'y>y>t<m<onoimof <Mno><,,.>olu•ily. .,. .. no>oloinuoe>.of'>dpl>ooyn• 8~1

n~·N ....... N•'-'''"'""- .. odP•un•"''''"'"'~ 361

I Compo>t-dolc.,w..,.,_ligom<nto,OI'>dMu>dUII-.. looyn•p•odu<<>""'nd S61

(.""'•""""''~'"""'""'""' •""' ~· ""'""''tuol"''~"' S<;<

2J .¿ 1 Tt-..u.-:h .. ondpoi..,.,yboonc~i<OI'I•ey•lo toond

homlht lung< <'~•'

111<'1~""''~ H"wMho SMo

23-S 1 fn<lo,.dbyplou<olc...,itio~ the lungo o,.poi<t-d

oogo~><OI'IIoiningo liH'Oii.whi<hpeoMitgo•eou>

'"~."9< ~~1

11..- RooMo<ho ""~

'""~'"'"h""'~ ""' , ..... ~ .. "'"'"'"' .......... . '"' ~''""''"'~"' """"'"''!<' sn

Zl-6 1 h<<onol oe<pioot>on o~dinteonolo~•pi,.tion ollow

9"'00<0'<"hong<withinthel>ody ""

Zl-7 I PuiMonooyventil•t>on-theu<""ng<ol oiob-ttwHn th~ o<mo•ph<•~ of'>d 11-..l un<¡o- in.-olw < P•t>>~••

~~:.-::· "'•~-•;<• mowment ond ••>Pi•~o•y ,.,., ond

..... ,~ .. -, ... , ... '" .-, "''"'""'""00"''"'"'""'

GO>t«hong<d<nd•OI'I II-..pool;.,tpo<»">OOOI

7,•::· .. ~,".~.::• d~~7_. olmole<ul., ' ·'-'

'''""'"'"·""'"''''"'·"'"'''"""""'···

23·'1 1 Mo"O"Y9fni<hon<ponedboundto"*moglobin; ondu.-bond;o.idelo!lon<po<tedlnthreewoJ":O< corboni<odd,boundtohemoglobón,ordi"olvedin pi .. ,. 336

ÜX)l:tn 'h ; n,pon886

C..rbonD"'""' '""'~"'" 8$? S... mn .. .yC.-Io.n>¡O()n 8<)0

2l·10 1 Nouron<inthtmodulloo~IOOndpon<,ot.ong wilhro<pi.-olory<oHoxo<,<onlfolro<pirotion 8'>0

u.;:::.,~"';,orc .. · • ·,.""""'·nJAI•'«>~••

ll><ll<>f>oo.IO<)' Cffill'f'ofii><Jir.,n l ?l il<>piiOIOI)' Ittlb<> ~?6

""'""" ')'Con lrol ofltt>¡>u•< O()n $98 Ch.,~C> ul ol>t· ltt>piwor¡• Sj'>l< ni.,Hulh 898

23- 11 1 Ro<piroto.-yptrlorman<Ododino<wi<h og.o 89?

23-12 l llle~<piroiO<y<y<lomprovi<lo<o•ygonto,ond

~:.~::;•• 8<;;bon d;o.ide from, othtr orgon

O.a ptor R....;ow ?Ol

Spotlights

::·:=:......,~-...,ron 819

:::~::..:.':'"'s~;'"'""''O<t.n>tl'""" 860 0..·~""''"""'' .~. 88• _G,......, 886 :--""~ '8? ¡""""' ndl"'( ., <)O ,

TheOigestiveSystem 906 ~~ I Anlnt rO<I,..I;ontooho Digo<tiveSy<tom 901 :,.e 24-1 I Thodigo<livooyOIOM,conoi>lingolthtdigo,.ivo or.,.t

~,:'!=:•o~;-gan~ huovorloppin.g loodutiliuoion

' '""''"""'of ri'><I)I$<'>'"»S¡~I<rn 9011

""''~"<O.g.on,;ndol><r<"'o"""'" ')O')

tl .. o olc'l)•of ol><ll•~• "" "><' ?11

II><M<»~on<mofll'#'>'"< M•"·"•I> 91/ c..,. , ,,olofiJo~"'' '"'"'..o"' ? IJ

24·2 l lhoorolcovioycontoin<thoton.g..,.,<olivoryglond<, ondtooth. oachwith <po<ifr<lun<tion< ?I S

'"" '"''ll"<')16 ~hv•ryGIJtkl> " 6

24·l l llleploO<yn• i< O I»Ooo.')O\OoybotWH<~tho oroluvity ondo>Oploog~• no

24·4 1 lhoo>Oploogu<iumu><ulortubothattron<p<>ft<

::::~::~d ~~~id< from tht phof)'nx to tho

' ' "'"OS>' of ohel>o¡oh;~"' 91 1 Sw•llowing9/1

2'·5 I Thutomochiul·•h•~Ot<J•• t ,.t<.coivootho boluof<omtho oooplooguo ondoidoincho..,i<olond m.choni<oldiqootion ?H M>~omy of o i>< Soom.o<h ?lJ

"""''"'"'"olG.>"' " """· ny?/1 ll•II"'' "'"'OOAbwfJ><""' '" '""Soomxh 9]7

24·6 l lhoornolllnoootine diqom ondob<orb<nutriO<It~

:~!::::"'~o;t7glond"lo'"'9""'""'"'"ithdigo.,ive

""'<>losfol oheSm; lllm<" "''?JO lno'"'""•IS<'<t<loon> ?J/

'"''"'" " • I M<>'I'<'n><nh HJ

!l><l .n~• ~JS

II><C•IIM.Kio.kr ?~O

rt.r c....,.,¡,,,.""'olS<'<t<lOO<O •nd """""'"'" ?~O

2&-7 I Tholotg.ointo.,i-Mi•divir:ledlntothrHi»<lowilh tog;onoiO'<ioli•ation 9• 1

""'olc'l)· of oh<Lirg< lno<>rH>< ?•~

l'h)"olot:r of•ll< • ••~~<'"'"''""?'6

2&-8 l l)jgo>tioni<t ho<-ololt~ot;onoHoodthot •l'-' tho ob<orption onduooofnwionto ,.8

llw i'•«"""I'OOAI:o>O!bon~ ol Nui<O<nh 9•8 C..•bol•¡<~r•O< llogt.oH}n •n.!Abw'f"OO<O 9• ~

Lipodl)o¡:<~IH}II.,klAbwr¡~o<>!l ?51

1~'"" " IJO¡;NH}n.,klAb.or¡l"'"' ?SI

24-9 • :::,;:;:••;~";'"""9"••1f.ct digo.,;onond

24-10 l lhodig.o<tiM•rotomi<utonoinlyintogroto<lw;th othotbodY'Y"""'' ?S •

Ch• plotRov.ow ?U

Spotloghl¡ ~-o~c..o ............ ty ') /8 O••""'"'¡,..,, .. ~,..,. ~·"

I!!W ""'''"'m'"' '.Jr lil' Energelics 961 '

2'5·1 · --om<flfloto<>ltl>eÚ\«no< .. ruclóotl> "''"-body, ond.....,9f!:M:>•tlO<otothtl'lowhon<""m•"""oftn0<9J ?lo/

2'5 -2 I CO<-)'thott_t_om_ogl)'<oly<i~ATP porodl>(6oft,_,...._......., ,.,. (.~~oll·" .... -""<><h..•nJro;lt ll't'">Jom<•• ?M

lnt .... t...Woil.l\<oi¡"'....J<<IIoi.,IO.c'f"'"'""' ,;o a..-._ ....... ~~l

2S-J l llpi<tMtloboliomrnvolvtohpolyoio,bfoo•O<idotion

:C"!;':.:;:;::'o'o::::!d~~~buiÓOO'Io/li¡>idoo>lrHionr

lo.,..J 1 "•"'-~"'" ?:t ··~,.¡,,.,.,,.,." ?:< ,,po.~ ,,..,'f'<'" ..... ,JoN......,..,.. ~;s

2'5-4 I Prot-<otoboli""iowolw"••n»....,..tfOft-

=n~~~~:::::.•r.~~~•<iolnvolvto ............. ,!< ................. ?~8

25 -5 j l'Mbodyt•~W< .. n<Ut-~lO<MOI_t_ :::;-.:::; M>-po ___ ,.t>_.,.,.,.

25-6 I Adoq""' ""'"'""'''-"'"''rtoprt...,tdtiH:otO'Ity d;..,.dt.,ondH>o .... opl>y~ol lun<t""""9 '"'

l oo.IO.MOJ"• .... •II>I.o<><o-.11>•• '>~\

~ ... , ..... fl .• t ..... ··~'

25· 7 I Mtt..t>ol;.: ,.,,,.,.,. ... ,_ .. lorKt•,..nd•tuoo.•<>d

'"""~·- -·....._...,......,l>'od"""'!! -""·•·""-!-............ ... . lrk''l<l'•""''"''"""''''""

.TheUrinary SY5tem998~ I Anln"ocj""¡>ontotl\fUcinO<ySy .. em ?'>'J~ 26-1 1 TI>tkod,..,s.uc~*'<,""""Y~. -"'~"'•

~:.::,'"".:;•MtJ>,<tftft.Whoch .... oth<H..........,

26 -2 l ~id,..,,.,.~hlyv•><ul••<><~noco..,oi"l"9 :::=:"".:.:-....,....,,.,., ,.tMchfoh.,, co..._

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CONTENTS

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THORACIC/ABOOMINOPELVIC

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unit 1 levels of organization organization 52 … · 2016-11-26 · 1 pr(>1~

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