unit 1 ch3 s3 the hydrosphere & biosphere
TRANSCRIPT
What is the hydrosphere?All the water on or near
the Earth’s surface. Includes
OceansLakesRiversWetlandsIcecapsClouds SoilRock layers beneath
surface
What are the parts of the hydrologic (water) cycle?
Evaporation Heated by sun & turns into water
vapor Comes from bodies of water, plants
(transpiration), and animalsCondensation
Water vapor forms droplets on dust particles, form clouds when they collide & stick
Precipitation Large droplets fall from clouds Can be rain, snow, sleet, hail
Runoff/Percolation Water can run off land into nearest
body of water Water can percolate through layers
of soil and get stored underground in aquifers.
How is water distributed on Earth?
97% salty ocean water
3% freshwaterOf the 3%...
2% is unusable icecaps & glaciers
1% is usable surface or groundwater.
What is the difference between ocean water & freshwater?Ocean water is 3.5% salt.Salt comes from erosion
from rocks on land over millions of years and underwater volcanic eruptions.
Salinity can vary depending on depth of ocean & areas of evaporationEX: estuary- where
freshwater river meets ocean.
What are the major oceans of the world?Pacific
Largest ocean165,640,000 km2 & avg.
depth is 4,280 metersDeepest point (11,033
m) is Challenger Deep near Philippines.
Divided into North Pacific- above
equator and flows clockwise
South Pacific- below equator and flows counterclockwise
What are the major oceans of the world?Atlantic
Second largest ocean
81,630,000 km2 Like Pacific, divided
into north & south with clockwise & counterclockwise movement.
What are the major oceans of the world?
IndianThird largest ocean73,420,000 km2Average depth is
3,890 meters
What are the major oceans of the world?Arctic
Smallest ocean14,350,000 km2Covered by floating
ice called pack ice
What are the temperature zones of the ocean?Surface zone
Warmed by sunCan be mixed with
cooler layers below Thermocline
Middle layer where temperatures drop fast with increased depth
Deep zoneColdest layer b/c sun
does not reach
What is the relationship between the ocean and atmosphere?Ocean has the ability to
store and radiate heat to help control Earth’s temperature.
Absorbs over half the solar radiation that reaches the Earth’s surface
Direction of ocean current creates climates in inland areas.EX: warm Gulf currents
bring warm moist air over north to British Isles
Where is usable freshwater found?Surface water
Moving water Fast, cold, more oxygen Rivers, streams
Watershed- area of land that dumps into a tributary.
Tributaries- small streams that empty into larger river systems.
EX: MHS campus is watershed for Noses creek which is a tributary to the Chattahoochee River
Standing water Slow, warm, less oxygen Lakes, ponds, reservoirs
McEachern High School
Where is usable freshwater found?Groundwater
Water the seeps through soil and gets stored in underground rock formations called aquifers
Surface of land where water seeps is called recharge zone.
What is the biosphere?Narrow layer around Earth’s
surface in which life can exist.
Layer that gets sunlight for plants, which provide for animals
Also layer that has water, energy and moderate temperatures
Consists of Uppermost part of geosphereMost of the hydrosphereLower part of the
atmosphere.
What is the difference between an open & closed system?Closed system- energy
enters and leaves but matter does not.EX: Earth- energy from sun
enters & reradiates but energy trapped by plants (and eventually animals) does not leave Earth.
Open system- both matter & energy are exchanged by a system. EX: When Earth was first
forming it was open because constantly hit by comets & meteors