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Unit 1 Basic Writing Skills (i) --- Sentence

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Page 1: Unit 1 Basic Writing Skills (i) --- Sentence. Contents Basic Elements of an English Sentence Types of English Sentences Effective sentences Effective

Unit 1

Basic Writing Skills (i) --- Sentence

Page 2: Unit 1 Basic Writing Skills (i) --- Sentence. Contents Basic Elements of an English Sentence Types of English Sentences Effective sentences Effective

ContentsBasic Elements of an English Sentence

Types of English Sentences

Effective sentencesEffective SentenceEffective Sentence

Page 3: Unit 1 Basic Writing Skills (i) --- Sentence. Contents Basic Elements of an English Sentence Types of English Sentences Effective sentences Effective

Warm-up Activity• Tell the patterns of the following sentences.

1. Some species exist only in this small area of forest.

2. The government imposes high taxes on cigarettes.

3. He became King at the age of 18.

4. Her presence has brought us so much joy.

5. The students elected him chairman of the Students’ Union.

主语 + 谓语

主语 + 谓语 + 宾语

主语 + 谓语 + 表语

主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语

主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语

Page 4: Unit 1 Basic Writing Skills (i) --- Sentence. Contents Basic Elements of an English Sentence Types of English Sentences Effective sentences Effective

1.主语 + 谓语 ( 不及物动词 vi ) (S+V)A new problem arose. 一个新的问题产生了。

2.主语 + 谓语 ( 系动词 )+ 表语 (S+V+Cs)Global warming is a great threat to our planet.

全球变暖对地球是很大的威胁。

3.主语 + 谓语 ( 及物动词 vt.)+ 宾语 (S+V+O)She stopped smoking. 她戒烟了。

Five Basic Sentence Patterns

Page 5: Unit 1 Basic Writing Skills (i) --- Sentence. Contents Basic Elements of an English Sentence Types of English Sentences Effective sentences Effective

4.主语 + 谓语 ( 及物动词 vt.)+ 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 (S+V+Oi +Od)

She didn’t send me a Christmas card. 她没有寄圣诞贺卡给我。

5.主语 + 谓语 ( 及物动词 vt.)+ 直接宾语 + 宾语补足语 (S+V+Od +Co)

My parents expect me to work hard at my lessons.

我的父母期望我用功学好功课。

此外,还有比较常用的 There be 句型,表示“存在,有”Eg: There are friendly people around to talk with.

Page 6: Unit 1 Basic Writing Skills (i) --- Sentence. Contents Basic Elements of an English Sentence Types of English Sentences Effective sentences Effective

1.Introduction

• How many types of sentences are there in English?

Page 7: Unit 1 Basic Writing Skills (i) --- Sentence. Contents Basic Elements of an English Sentence Types of English Sentences Effective sentences Effective

simple, compound,complex

1. Introduction

indicative, interrogative, imperative, exclamative

loose, periodic, parallel

structure

Function

Rhetoric

Length short,long

Classification

Page 8: Unit 1 Basic Writing Skills (i) --- Sentence. Contents Basic Elements of an English Sentence Types of English Sentences Effective sentences Effective

• I saw a beggar on campus this morning.

(a loose sentence)

• This morning on campus I saw a beggar.

(a periodic sentence)

• He continued working in the classroom because he hadn’t finished his assignment.

(a loose sentence)

Page 9: Unit 1 Basic Writing Skills (i) --- Sentence. Contents Basic Elements of an English Sentence Types of English Sentences Effective sentences Effective

• A parallel sentence  

• A parallel sentence is a sentence which balances connected parts by using the same form for ideas joined equally.

• It can be employed by authors to express paired items, to list items in a series, to bring up emphasis, or to make a transition.

• Read the following examples of parallelism:

• 1. Our locker room is small, chilly, and dirty.

• (Parallel adjectives)

Page 10: Unit 1 Basic Writing Skills (i) --- Sentence. Contents Basic Elements of an English Sentence Types of English Sentences Effective sentences Effective

Effective sentences

Completeness

Coherent

Conciseness

P3 Clear and correct arrangement of the parts of a sentence

P2 One main idea complete in a sentence

P5 Brief and clear

Identity

An effective sentence should be

Parallelism

Clarity

Variety

Unity

P6 Key points

P6 Change for variety

Page 11: Unit 1 Basic Writing Skills (i) --- Sentence. Contents Basic Elements of an English Sentence Types of English Sentences Effective sentences Effective

Completeness

• 结构上的完成。• 意义上的完整。它至少是一个简单句,只能有一个中心思想。

Clarity

写作要注意句子的清晰度。以下集中情况妨碍文章的清晰,影响读者的理解。( 1)缺乏必要的细节。( 2)缺乏连贯性( 3)随意转换(时态,语态和主语,语气,人称和数,代词指代不明等)

Page 12: Unit 1 Basic Writing Skills (i) --- Sentence. Contents Basic Elements of an English Sentence Types of English Sentences Effective sentences Effective

Conciseness

• 避免重复意义相同的词• 避免使用累赘的词

Parallelism

在一个句子中,有几个表达相近或行对意义的并列成分时,应该使用词性一致的排比结构,这就是写作中的平行结构原则。

Page 13: Unit 1 Basic Writing Skills (i) --- Sentence. Contents Basic Elements of an English Sentence Types of English Sentences Effective sentences Effective

Correct sentences

structurally complete

beginning with a capital letter

ending with a full stop, a question mark, or an exclamation mark

expressing a single complete idea

The requirements of correct sentences:

Page 14: Unit 1 Basic Writing Skills (i) --- Sentence. Contents Basic Elements of an English Sentence Types of English Sentences Effective sentences Effective

• 1. Completeness in structure• 2. The right subject• 3. Agreement between the subject and the predicate

verb• 4. Agreement between pronoun and antecedent• 5. Clear pronoun reference• 6.Ending sentences with full stops• 7. Joining clauses with conjunctions• 8. A main clause in a complex sentence• 9. Proper use of comparison• 10. Correct use of the tenses

Page 15: Unit 1 Basic Writing Skills (i) --- Sentence. Contents Basic Elements of an English Sentence Types of English Sentences Effective sentences Effective

Practice• Rewrite the following sentences.

1. They eat rice, and we eat, too.

2. Friendly people, another thing I like about college.

3. Some people have a natural ability to learn language quickly. Because they know how to listen.

They eat rice, and we eat rice, too.

Friendly people, that’s another thing I like about college.

Some people have a natural ability to learn language quicklybecause they know how to listen.

Page 16: Unit 1 Basic Writing Skills (i) --- Sentence. Contents Basic Elements of an English Sentence Types of English Sentences Effective sentences Effective

Practice4. We are going to meet Jean Harris, and she is a professor of

English literature.

5. Jim is one of the fastest runners.

6. Ernest Heming way was an American novelist, and he won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954.

We are going to meet Jean Harris, who is a professor of …

Jim is one of the fastest runners of our school.

Ernest Heming way, an American novelist, won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954.

Page 17: Unit 1 Basic Writing Skills (i) --- Sentence. Contents Basic Elements of an English Sentence Types of English Sentences Effective sentences Effective

Practice7. When a person gets married, you take on new responsibilities.

8. Some people cannot distinguish between colors. They are said to be color-blinded.

9. He was running very hard in the race and his ankle was broken.

When a person gets married, he takes on new responsibilities.

Some people who cannot distinguish between colors are said to be Color-blinded.

He was running very hard in the race and broke his ankle.

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Practice10. We reached our destination exhausted.

8. He was intelligent and hard-working, I began to review the lesson.

9. He worked hard day and night to pass the exams.

10. I finished my homework and began to review the lessons.

Exhausted, we reached our destination.

Intelligent and hard-working, he graduated with honors.

To pass the exams, he worked hard day and night.

Having finished my homework, I began to review the lessons.

Page 19: Unit 1 Basic Writing Skills (i) --- Sentence. Contents Basic Elements of an English Sentence Types of English Sentences Effective sentences Effective

Assignments

• Revise what they have learnt in this periods.

• Reinforce their understanding about the theory by looking into the examples.

• Preview the contents about paragraphs.

Page 20: Unit 1 Basic Writing Skills (i) --- Sentence. Contents Basic Elements of an English Sentence Types of English Sentences Effective sentences Effective