unit 1 – area of study 1 body systems & human movement
DESCRIPTION
UNIT 1 – Area of Study 1 Body Systems & Human Movement. THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM. THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM. The cardiovascular system consists of the : Heart Blood vessels Blood Pulmonary circuit ( blood flow between the heart and lungs ) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
UNIT 1 – Area of Study 1
Body Systems & Human Movement
THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
The cardiovascular system consists of the :
Heart Blood vessels Blood Pulmonary circuit ( blood
flow between the heart and lungs )
Systemic circuit – ( blood flow between the heart and the body )
THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
The functions of the cardiovascular system are to :
Circulate blood. Bring O2 , water &
nutrients to the cells. Take CO2 & other
wastes away from the cells.
Maintain body T0 & hydration.
Fight disease. Blood clotting.
THE HEART
RIGHT ATRIUM
RIGHT VENTRICLE
THE HEART
RIGHT ATRIUM
RIGHT VENTRICLE LEFT VENTRICLE
THE HEART
RIGHT ATRIUM
RIGHT VENTRICLE LEFT VENTRICLE
THE HEART
RIGHT ATRIUM
RIGHT VENTRICLE
LEFT ATRIUM
LEFT VENTRICLE
HEART MUSCLE
INFERIORVENA CAVA
SUPERIORVENA CAVA
PULMONARY VEIN
PULMONARY ARTERY
AORTA
THE HEARTThe heart has a number of heart valves that control the direction of blood flow through the heart.
THE HEARTThe heart has a number of heart valves that control the direction of blood flow through the heart.
BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE HEART :THE HEART
1. Oxygenated blood arrives from the lungs through the pulmonary veins and enters the left atrium.
BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE HEART :THE HEART
1
2. Oxygenated blood passes into the left ventricle.
1. Oxygenated blood arrives from the lungs through the pulmonary veins and enters the left atrium.
BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE HEART :THE HEART
1
2
2. Oxygenated blood passes into the left ventricle.3. A powerful contraction of the heart muscle surrounding the the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood out through the aorta to the body.
1. Oxygenated blood arrives from the lungs through the pulmonary veins and enters the left atrium.
BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE HEART :THE HEART
1
2
3
2. Oxygenated blood passes into the left ventricle.
1. Oxygenated blood arrives from the lungs through the pulmonary veins and enters the left atrium.
3. A powerful contraction of the heart muscle surrounding the the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood out through the aorta to the body.
BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE HEART :THE HEART
1
2
34. Deoxygenated blood comes back from the body and enters the right atrium through the vena cava
BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE HEART :THE HEART
1
2
34
4
5. Deoxygenated blood passes into the right ventricle.
4. Deoxygenated blood comes back from the body and enters the right atrium through the vena cava
BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE HEART :THE HEART
1
2
34
4 56. Deoxygenated blood returns to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries.
4. Deoxygenated blood comes back from the body and enters the right atrium through the vena cava5. Deoxygenated blood passes into the right ventricle.
BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE HEART :THE HEART
1
2
34
4 5
64. Deoxygenated blood comes back from the body and enters the right atrium through the vena cava5. Deoxygenated blood passes into the right ventricle.6. Deoxygenated blood returns to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries.
THE BLOOD VESSELS The Blood vessels are
intricate networks of hollow tubes that transport blood throughout the entire body.
There are three major types of blood vessels:
ARTERIES - carry blood away from the heart
CAPILLARIES – allow the exchange of gases, nutrients & wastes between the blood and the tissues.
VEINS – carry blood back to the heart.
THE BLOOD VESSELS
arteries
arterioles
CapillariesExchange between blood and cells
veins
venules
THE BLOOD
Blood has a number of functions Transport of gases, nutrients, wastes. Fighting infection. Regulation of temperature and
hydration.
Adult males : 5-6 litres / Adult females : 4-5 litres.
THE BLOOD
55% of blood volume is PLASMA – a yellowy liquid containing water ( 90% ) , wastes & hormones.
45% of blood volume is the blood cells :
RED BLOOD CELLS – contain haemoglobin which carries the oxygen
WHITE BLOOD CELLS – fight infection
PLATELETS – responsible for blood clotting.
BLOOD PRESSURE Blood pressure is the reason
why blood circulates. Blood will always flow from
an area of high pressure to one of low pressure.
SYSTOLIC blood pressure is the highest pressure and is the pressure on the arteries as the left ventricle contracts. ( 120 mmhg at rest )
DIASTOLIC blood pressure is the lowest pressure and is the pressure on the arteries as the left ventricle relaxes. ( 80 mmhg at rest )
RESPONSES TO EXERCISE Acute cardiovascular responses to
exercise: Increased heart rate ( beats per minute )
Increased stroke volume ( blood per beat )
Increased cardiac output ( HR X SV ) Increased systolic blood pressure ( diastolic
remains fairly constant )
Increased arterio-venous O2 diff.
Decreased blood plasma ( due to sweating ) Increased blood flow to working muscles
Increased blood flow to lungs
Decreased blood flow to some organs ( digestion )
REVISION QUESTIONS1. The function of the cardiovascular system is to :
A/ fight disease.B/ clot the blood.C/ maintain body temperature.D/ maintain hydration levels.E/ all of the above.F/ none of the above.
2. Blood from the left side of the heart is known as:A/ atrial.B/ venous.C/ deoxygenated.D/ oxygenated.
3. When the heart contracts it pumps blood into the:A/ arteries.B/ veins.C/ capillaries.D/ arterioles.
REVISION QUESTIONS4. After leaving the heart the blood will take the following pathway:
A/ veins - venules - capillaries - arterioles - arteries.B/ arterioles - arteries - capillaries - veins - venules.C/ arteries - veins - capillaries - venules - arterioles.D/ arteries - arterioles - capillaries - venules - veins.
5. In which of the following does blood have the lowest concentration of oxygen ?A/ coronary arteryB/ inferior vena cavaC/ pulmonary veinD/ carotid artery
6. During a bout of exercise, if the heart rate is 150 bpm. and the stroke volume is 100 ml/min - the cardiac output is:
A/ 300 ml/min.B/ 1500 ml/min.C/ 15000 ml/min.D/ 30000 ml/min.
REVISION QUESTIONS
8. The relaxation phase of the heart beat is known as the:A/ sino-atrial phase.B/ sinuses.C/ systole.D/ diastole.
7. The blood cells responsible for blood clotting are the:A/ plasma.B/ platelets.C/ red blood cells.D/ white blood cells.
9. The resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures for a healthy person at rest areA/ 200 and 100 mm Hg.B/ 120 and 180 mm HgC/ 120 and 80 mm Hg.D/ 80 and 120 mm Hg.