Unit 09Earth Cycles

Lesson 01: Day, Night, and Seasons

Warm Up

Open Why Day and Night and Seasons?

◦ Answer the questions in one complete sentence and one illustration Why do we have day and night? Why do we have seasons?

Share your reflections with your partner.

Share your reflections with your group.

Why Day and Night? Why Seasons?

 Open Anticipation Guide

Work with your shoulder partner and mark “Agree or Disagree” in the “Before” column for each statement.

We will revisit the questions and mark the “After” column at the end of the lesson

Day and Night

Next page Day and Night Investigation

Day and Night Investigation

Day and Night Investigation

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Why does the Earth experience day and night?◦ The rotation of the Earth

What does “rotate” mean? ◦ To spin

What is a limitation of the investigation model? What direction does the Earth rotate?

◦ Counterclockwise from west to east What is the rotational axis?

◦ The rotational axis is the imaginary line around which the Earth spins.

How long does it take the Earth to rotate on its axis one time? ◦ 24  hours

Day and Night

Complete page 3 by filling in the blanks

Homework

Warm Up

Complete the Handout with your table group titled Seasons

Day and Night

Seasons Key

Add the Following information to your handout

Autumnal equinox- day with equal periods of light and dark occurring in the autumn (September 21)◦ D

Vernal equinox- day with equal periods of light and dark occurring in the spring (March 21)◦ B

Summer solstice- day with the longest period of light in the Northern Hemisphere (June 21) ◦ C

Winter solstice- day with the shortest period of light in the northern hemisphere (December 21) ◦ A

Season

Open Seasons Investigation

Write Data Number 1 - 9

Seasons InvestigationSeasons Investigation

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Why does the Earth experience different seasons? ◦ The tilt of the Earth and revolution of the Earth around the Sun

cause different amounts of light to fall on different portions of the Earth at different angles.

What does “revolve” mean? ◦ Revolve means to make a complete path around an object.

Does the Earth’s rotational axis move? ◦ No

How do the winter and summer seasons in the Northern Hemisphere compare? ◦ The North Pole tilts (points) towards the Sun in the summer and

away from the Sun in the winter. The North Pole does not tilt (point) towards or away from the Sun in the autumn or spring.

Seasons

What is an advantage of the investigation model?◦ size, scale, properties, and materials.

What is a limitation of the investigation model?◦ size, scale, properties, and materials.

What direction does the Earth revolve? ◦ The Earth revolves counterclockwise if looked at from a

perspective above the North Pole. How long does it take the Earth to revolve

around the Sun one time? ◦ 365.25 days

What is the order of the seasons beginning with winter?  ◦ Winter, spring, summer, autumn (fall)).

Seasons

http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/solar-system/day-on-earth.htm

Video Clip

What season is the Northern Hemisphere in?◦ Summer

What season is the Southern Hemisphere in?◦ Winter

Warm Up

Earth

Sun

Open Anticipation Guide Work with your shoulder partner to mark

“Agree or Disagree” in the “After” column.  Do not change your answers from the

“Before” column

Sentence Completion

Key

What changes did you make?

Sentence Completion

Now, we are going to work in groups on an activity called “The Beginning of the End” to match beginning and ending sentence strips.

Example: Our Earth rotates on its… …axis once

every 24 hours.

DO NOT PUT THEM UP

Sentence Completion

Create a page and title it Sentence Completion

Choice 5 of the complete sentence and a

Sentence Completion

What season is the Northern Hemisphere in?◦ Summer

What season is the Southern Hemisphere in?◦ Winter

Warm Up

Earth

Sun

Open Anticipation Guide Work with your shoulder partner to mark

“Agree or Disagree” in the “After” column.  Do not change your answers from the

“Before” column

Sentence Completion

Key

What changes did you make?

Sentence Completion

Now, we are going to work in groups on an activity called “The Beginning of the End” to match beginning and ending sentence strips.

Example: Our Earth rotates on its… …axis once

every 24 hours.

DO NOT PUT THEM UP

Sentence Completion

Create a page and title it Sentence Completion

Choice 5 of the complete sentence and write them in your spiral

Sentence Completion

United Streaming The Reasons for the Seasons

Sentence Completion

What season is the Northern Hemisphere in?◦ Winter

What season is the Southern Hemisphere in?◦ Summer

Warm Up

Earth

Sun

Each question is worth 5 points Add a 10 point curve

Test Review

Today, you will be creating a “How It Works” book to explain and illustrate the Earth, Sun and Moon cycles of day/night and seasons.

You have spent time this week modeling day/night and seasons as well as analyzing the causes of these cycles.  

You will add to and complete the book Thursday.

How It Works Book Part 1

What season is the Northern Hemisphere on the pink Earth in?◦ Spring

What season is the Southern Hemisphere on the purple Earth in?◦ Spring

Warm Up

Sun

When it is your turn, write a term that applies to the Moon in the box that corresponds to the first letter of the term, in the appropriate box below.

As soon as you have written a word, pass the paper to the next person on the team.

You may not pass the paper until you have written a word but your group may help.

You do not have to write words in alphabetical order.

More than one word per box may be written, but you cannot put the same word twice.

Be thinking of another word for the next time the paper comes to you

ABC Moon Race

You have 3 minutes

ABC Moon Race

Moon Phases Card Sort

Open Lunar Pops

Lunar PopLunar Pops

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You will play two roles during the lab:◦ Earth◦ Moon

You will fill out the Diagram during the lab

You will fill out the Questions after the lab

Lunar Pops

What season is the Northern Hemisphere on the purple Earth in?◦ Fall

What season is the Southern Hemisphere on the pink Earth in?◦ Fall

Warm Up

Sun

Lunar Cycle Goal: Identify the phases of the Moon, and

relate the phases to eclipses.

Open: Lunar CycleCopy what is in Blue

Memory Devices:

White on the right, growing bright!

White on the left, losing light!

Memory Devices: Wax on – increasing light!

◦Just as a candle wick is dipped in wax and the candle wax increases the size of the candle.

Wane off – decreasing light!

Gibbous – bulge

Memory Devices: New Moon = Near the

Sun

Full Moon = Far from Sun

Remember, YOU are on the EARTH looking at the Moon.

New Moon

The new moon phase occurs when

the Moon is between the Sun

and the Earth.

When this occurs, there is a

possibility of having a solar eclipse.

Solar eclipses do not happen each

month because the orbit of the Moon is

10o off from the orbit of the Earth.

Waxing Crescent

The Moon revolves around

the Earth.

Waxing means to increase in size.

This refers to the lit portion of the

Moon.

Crescent refers to the shape.

Waxing Crescent is after the New

Moon

First Quarter

When the Moon has gone one

fourth of the way around

the Earth, it is called the first

quarter.

From our point of view, the right half of

the Moon is lit.

Waxing Gibbous

The gibbous phase looks like

a fat football.

The word gibbous

means bulging.During the

waxing gibbous phase, the lit

side of the Moon continues to grow in size.

Full Moon

During the full moon, we see

the light reflecting from

the entire surface of the

Moon facing the Earth.

During this phase, it is possible to

have a lunar eclipse.

Waning Gibbous

Waning means to decrease in

size.

During the waning phase of the Moon,

the lit portion decreases in size.

The waning gibbous

occurs after the full moon.

Third Quarter

The third quarter has

the lit side on the left.

The Moon is three fourths

of the way around its

orbit.

Waning Crescent

The waning crescent gets

smaller and smaller, until

the Moon completes its

orbit and begins a new

cycle with another new

moon.

Waning Crescent is the

last phase.

Solar EclipseThe Moon moves directly between the Sun and Earth. As seen from the Earth, a solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between the Sun and Earth, and the Moon fully or partially blocks the Sun.

This does not occur with every new moon due to the Moon's orbit is inclined or tilted at more than 10 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun so its shadow at new moon usually misses Earth. The Moon casts a shadow on the Earth; only occurs with a new moon.

Lunar Eclipse

The Earth, Sun, and Moon are directly lined up in the center. The Earth casts a shadow on the Moon; only occurs with a full moon.

This does not occur with every full moon due to the Moon being

10o off from the orbit of the Earth.

Memory Devices:

White on the right, growing bright!

White on the left, losing light!

Memory Devices: Wax on – increasing light!

◦Just as a candle wick is dipped in wax and the candle wax increases the size of the candle.

Wane off – decreasing light!

Gibbous – bulge

Memory Devices: New Moon = Near the Sun

Full Moon = Far from Sun

Remember, YOU are on the EARTH looking at the Moon.

Review:What phase is this? Be prepared to Justify your answer.

First Quarter

What phase?What phase would be next?

New Moon

Waxing Crescent

What phase?What phase would be next?

Waning Gibbous

Third Quarter

What phase?What phase would be next?

Full Moon

Waning Gibbous

What phase?What phase would be next?

Waxing Crescent

First Quarter

What type of eclipse could occur during this phase?

Lunar Eclipse

What phase?What phase would be next?

First Quarter

Waxing Gibbous

What phase?What phase would be next?

Waning Crescent

New Moon

A View From Outer SpaceWhat is different from our view on Earth?

A View From Outer Space

• Would you still be able to label the phases without seeing them?

• This type of question

and graphic is quite common on

assessments.

http://goo.gl/1XjNw1

http://www.neok12.com/Moon.htm

Same website, you pick which one is easier to type

You may watch video, take quizzes, or play the games ON THIS WEBSITE ONLY

NeoK12

How many days does it take for the Moon to orbit around the Earth? ◦ Averaged: 28 Days

How many days does it take for the Moon to change from a New Moon to a Full Moon? ◦ Averaged: 14 Days

Warm Up

Today, you will be continuing to work on your “How It Works” book to explain and illustrate the Earth, Sun, and Moon cycles of lunar phases and eclipses.

How many phases are in the lunar cycle?◦ 8

Warm Up

http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=6650

Bay of Fundy

Today, you will be working to discover more about tides. By looking for patterns as you analyze tidal data, you will determine the relative positions and movement of the Sun, Earth, and Moon that result in specific types of tides.

Seeking Patterns

Trouvadore

Location: Eagle Point, Texas Window of Recovery: 2/10-2/11 Budget: $20,000 Terms of Contract: 50/50 Split

Your Ship Wreck

How often do tides occur in this location?◦ Generally, there are four tides per day along the

coast. This could vary according to location. What pattern exists in the tides?

◦ High tide is followed by low tide. Would this pattern hold true throughout

the remaining months of the year? ◦ Because the tides are related to the position of the

Moon in relation to the Earth, the pattern would repeat throughout the year.

Seeking Patterns

During which phase of the moon are the tides the highest? ◦ When the Sun, Earth, and Moon are in a straight line during

the new and full moon phases. During which phase of the Moon are the tides

the “average”, there is the smallest difference high and low? ◦ When the Sun, Earth, and Moon are in a perpendicular during

the first and third quarter moon phases.

◦USE YOUR IPAD TO RESEARCH THE QUESTIONS

Warm Up

http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/weather-and-climate/tides.htm

Tides

Open Tides Notes◦ Copy what is in purple

When the Sun, Moon, and Earth are in a Straight line, we have a Spring tide.

When the Sun, Moon, and Earth are perpendicular at a Ninety degree angle, we have a Neap tide.

Tides

Gravity

Remember, gravity is an invisible force of attraction between two objects.

What celestial object is attracted to the Earth?◦The Moon

What celestial object is the Earth attracted to?◦The Sun

Effect of the moon on the Earth

The Moon’s gravity also pulls on the Earth, but because the Earth is solid, it doesn’t seem to respond.

However, the Earth is mostly covered with water. Water is a liquid and does respond to the pull of the Moon. This response creates tides.

Tides

The how and why of tide formation is very complex.

This presentation will try to simplify how and why tides form.

To do this….

Imagine that there is nothing but water covering the Earth.

Now, imagine looking at the Earth from above the North Pole.

N

Let’s add the moon to this system.

N

The moon pulls on the water.

This creates a bulge.

N

But because the Earth is spinning, there are actually 2 bulges created.

You’ll learn more about this in a course called Physics.

N

This bulge of water follows the moon as it orbits the Earth.

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It takes the moon about 28 days to revolve around the Earth.

N

This makes the times that the tides occur change in a predictable pattern.

But there is more going on than just the revolution of the moon around the Earth .

The Earth rotates every day.

NN

Let’s put a person on the equator of the Earth.

Remember, you are looking at the Earth from the North Pole, so this person appears to be

on the edge of the Earth.

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As the Earth rotates, the person will move through two very high bulges of water and two areas of low water each day.

N

We call these areas high tide and low tide.

Remember, in a 24 hour period of rotation, there are two high tides and

two low tides.

N

This is what it looks like with both motions.

N

Spring Tides◦ When the Sun, Earth, and Moon are in

a straight line- the variation between high tide and low tide is greatest. This occurs during the full moon and new moon.

High Tide

LowTide

N

Neap Tides

◦ When the Sun, Earth, and Moon are in a perpendicular arrangement- the variation between high tide and low tide is not great. This occurs during the first and third quarter moon.

High Tide

LowTideN

Why does the Earth experience tides? ◦ The gravitational attraction of the Moon on the

water of the Earth.

How do high and low tides occur? ◦ The gravity from the Moon pulls on the water

causing a bulge where there is a high tide.The areas in between the bulges are the low tides.

Tides

How do spring and neap tides differ? ◦ When the Earth. Moon, and Sun are in a straight

line, the gravitational attraction is at its greatest because of the additive property of gravity.

◦ When the Earth, Moon, and Sun are in a perpendicular configuration, the gravitational attraction of the Moon pulls counter to the Sun.

How often do tides occur? ◦ Typically, there are two highs and two lows per

day, every six hours.

Tides

United Steaming ◦ Tides

Youtube ◦ http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=KFYf_it461s

Tides

Name That Tide◦ Due at the end of class or its homework

Tides

How many spring and neap tides are there this month?◦ 2 spring◦ 2 neap

How many high and low tides are there this month?◦ 56 high◦ 56 low

Warm Up

Due at the end of class Be conscious of recordings so

KEEP YOUR VOICE DOWN

Construct a Model Project

In what phase is the Moon during a solar eclipse?

◦ New

In what phase is the Moon during a lunar eclipse?

◦ Full

Warm Up

Do by Monday morning Make sure you are turning in ALL 3 PARTS

Booklet Part 3

Warm Up Study your notes Write “Test” on your warm up log

After the Test STAY QUEIT You may read, work on homework, or

something quietly If we have time I will check your grades

after the test