Unit 05Tissues

Latin Word Prefix, Root, Suffix Definition

Epi- Prefix Above

Theli Root Nipple; Teat

-um Suffix Structure; tissue; thing

Matrix Root Womb

Inter Prefix between

Squamous Root Scale

Pseudo- Prefix False

Endo- Prefix Inner

Exo- Prefix Outer

Mero- Prefix Partially

Apo- Prefix Away from

Holo- Root Whole; Entire

Crine Root Secrete

Lumen Root Light (cavity or channel)

-blast Suffix Germ; sprout

Lacunae Root Unfilled gap or space

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5.1 Introduction

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Objective 5.1.1I can identify the components that make up a tissue.

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TissuesCells

Matrix (Intercellular Matrix)

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Matrix (Intercellular Substance)

Tissues• Tissues are composed of:• Cells

• Groups/layers of cells with similar structure working together to carry out a certain function.

• Matrix• Fluid and other substances surrounding the cells

Cells

Tissue

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Objective 5.1.2I can list the four major categories of human body tissues and how they are classified.

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All Body Tissues

Muscle3

Nervous1

Epithelium9

Connective6

4 Types of TissueWrite

Tissue Classification

• Body tissues are classified by their cellular structure and function.

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5.2 Epithelial Tissues

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Objective 5.2.1I can identify and define the general characteristics and functions of epithelial tissue.

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Basement Membrane

Connective Tissue

Free Surface

Epithelial Tissue General Characteristics

Structure• Free surface and

basement membrane

• No blood vessels

• Cells are tightly packed (very little matrix)

• Divide quickly

Function• Protective coverings

• Secretion

• Absorption

• Sensory Reception

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Objective 5.2.2I can identify and classify the 9 types of epithelial tissue.

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Epithelial Tissue Classification• Epithelial tissue is classified by:• Cell type• # of layers

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Epithelial Cell Types

Cuboidal SquamousColumnar

Simple = 1 layer Stratified = More than 1 layer

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Number of LayersCe

ll Ty

pe

Transitional

Glandular

Specialized

Stratified Squamous

Simple Columnar

Simple Columnar

Stratified Columnar

Simple Squamous EpitheliumComposed of: • Squamous Cells• 1 Layer

Characteristics:• Diffusion/Filtration• Easily Damaged• Quickly Reproduce

Locations• Alveoli (Lungs)• Capillaries• Blood/Lymph Vessels• Parietal Membranes

Basement Membrane

Connective Tissue

Simple Cuboidal EpitheliumComposed of: • Cuboidal Cells• 1 Layer

Characteristics:• Nucleus in center• Secretion/absorption• Surrounds a lumen

Locations• Ovaries• Kidneys• Ducts of glands

Lumen

Lumen

Simple Columnar EpitheliumComposed of: • Columnar Cells• 1 Layer

Characteristics:• Nuclei at same level• Elongation = protection• Secretion/Absorption• Microvilli/Cillia• Goblet Cells = mucous

Locations• Trachea• Uterus• Digestive Tract

Basement Membrane

Connective Tissue

Goblet Cell

Psuedostratified Columnar Epithelium

Composed of: • Columnar Cells• 1 Layer

Characteristics:• Nuclei at different levels• Elongation = protection• Secretion/Absorption• Microvilli/Cillia• Goblet Cells = mucous

Locations• Respiratory tract

Basement Membrane

Connective Tissue

Goblet Cell

Stratified Squamous EpitheliumComposed of: • Squamous Cells• Multiple Layers

Characteristics:• Thick• Provides Protection

Locations• Epidermis of Skin

Basement Membrane

Connective Tissue

Stratified Cuboidal EpitheliumComposed of: • Cuboidal Cells• 2-3 Layers

Characteristics:• Lines a lumen• Protection of glands

Locations• Mammary glands• Sweat glands• Salivary glands

Lumen

Lumen

Stratified Columnar EpitheliumComposed of: • Columnar Cells• Multiple Layers

Characteristics:• Bottom layer more cuboid

Locations• Urethra• Vas Deferens• Pharynx

Basement Membrane

Connective Tissue

TransitionalComposed of: • Cuboidal• Multiple layers

Characteristics:• Stretchy

Locations• Bladder• Urinary Tract

GlandularComposed of: • Specialized cells

Characteristics:• Found within

cuboidal/columnar epithelium tissue

Locations• Glands

Objective 5.2.3Students will be able to describe the structure and function of a gland.

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Glands

• Gland• Structure:

• Composed of one or more specialized cells.• Function:

• To secrete substances

Objective 5.2.4Students will be able to differentiate between endocrine and exocrine glands

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Endocrine and Exocrine glands

Endocrine• Secrete inside• Examples:• Lots

• Endocrine system

Exocrine• Secrete outside• Examples

• Sweat glands• Mammary glands

Objective 5.2.5Students will be able to differentiate between the three types of specialized glandular cells and how they work.

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• Merocrine• “partial secretion”

• Release watery fluid via exocytosis

• Apocrine• “away from secretion”

• Top part is lost in secretion

• Holocrine• “whole secretion”

• Entire cell is lost in secretion

5.3 Connective Tissue

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Objective 5.3.1Students will understand the general characteristics of connective tissue.

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Connective Tissue General Characteristics

Structure• Cells are farther apart

• More Matrix

• Can divide

• Blood Vessels/Blood Supply

Function• Bind Structures

• Provide Support/Protection

• Fill spaces

• Store fat

• Produce Blood

• Fight infections

• Repair tissue damage

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Objective 5.3.2 Students will be able to identify the components of connective tissue

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Epithelial Tissue Classification• Connective Tissue are classified by• Cell type• Fiber composition in the matrix

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Connective Tissue Cell Types

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• Fibroblasts• Star shaped• Produce fibers into the matrix

• Macrophages• Defensive cells that eat invaders via phagocytosis

• Mast Cells• Release heparin which prevents blood clotting• Release histamine which causes inflammation

Connective Tissue FibersWrite

Collagenous Elastic Reticular

Thick Fibers composed of collagen protein

Thin fibers composed of elastin protein

Thin fibers composed of collagen

Long parallel bundles Branches Highly branched

Flexible; only slightly elastic

Stretch easily and resumes shape

Create delicate supports

Resists pulling forces

Example: Ligament and tendons

Example: Vocal cords Example: Lymph tissue

Connective Tissue FibersWrite and Draw

• Collagenous Fibers• Thick fibers composed of collagen protein• Long parallel bundles• Flexible; only slightly elastic• Resist pulling forces• Example: Ligaments and Tendons

• Elastic Fibers• Thin fibers composed of elastin protein• Form branches• Stretch easily and resume original shape• Example: vocal cords

• Reticular Fibers• Thin fibers composed of collagen• Highly branched• Create delicate supports

Objective 10 Students will able to categorize the 6 connective tissues as either Connective Tissue Proper or specialized Connective Tissue

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Two Types of Connective Tissue

Connective Tissue Proper• Loose Connective

Tissue• Adipose Tissue• Dense Connective

Tissue

Specialized Connective Tissue• Cartilage• Bones• Blood

Objective 11Students will able to identify the 6 connective tissue types based on their composition and looks.

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Loose Connective TissueComposed of: • Spread out fibroblast cells

• Many collagenous and elastic fibers spread out

Characteristics:• Forms delicate thin membranes• Bind skin to organs• Fills space b/w muscles

Locations• All over body

Loose Connective TissueComposed of: • Very few fibroblasts• Collagen and elastic fibers densely

packed

Characteristics:• Binds body parts together• Poor blood supply = slow

regeneration• Resistant to force

Locations• Tendons (bone to muscle)

ligaments (bone to bone)

Adipose TissueComposed of: • Adipocytes

Characteristics:• Cushions joints• Stores fat for energy

Locations• Under the skin• Abdominal cavity• Around kidneys

CartilageComposed of: • Chondrocytes• Collagen Fibers• Lacunae

Characteristics:• Rigid• Support• Protection• Attachment

Locations• Ribs• Ear• Nose• Joints

BoneComposed of: • Mineral Salts (calcium)• Osteocytes• Collagen Fibers

Characteristics:• Most Rigid• Internal Support• Protection• Muscle Attachment• Central Canal• Osteons (concentric circles)

Locations• Skeleton

BloodComposed of: • RBC• WBC• Platelets• Plasma

Characteristics:• Transports• Immune System

Locations• Arteries and Veins

Objective 11Students will be able to

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Objective 11Students will understand the general characteristics of muscle tissue.

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