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TRANSCRIPT
Yœl◊
˙LW[ AW—
LpÆj’˚\
UÙ®Xd LpÆVÙWÙnf£ Utflm T´t£ ®flY]m (SCERT), LW[m
2015
˙U≤˚X ÿRXÙm Bi”
£\l◊jR™r
XI
HIGHER SECONDARY COURSE
TAMIL - OPTIONAL
First Year
˙RNıV LˆRm
_] LQ U] ARıSÙVL _V ˙a
TÙWR TÙdV YıRÙRÙ
TgNÙT £k’ œ_WÙR UWÙhPÙ
RıWÙYıP EjLX TeLÙ
YıkRıV aıUÙNX Vÿ]Ù LeLÙ
EfNX _XRı RWeLÙ
RY —T SÙ˙U _Ù˙L
RY —T BNı^ UÙ˙L
LÙ˙L RY _V LÙRÙ
_] LQ UeL[ RÙVL _V ˙a
TÙWR TÙdV YıRÙRÙ
_V ˙a! _V ˙a! _V ˙a!
_V _V _V _V ˙a!
˛ ULÙLÆ CW≈kßWSÙj RÙ·o
EflRı˘UÙZı
CkRıVÙ G]’ SÙ”. CkRıVo A˚]Y⁄m G]’ EPuTı\k˙RÙo.
G]’ SÙh˚P SÙu E´¨‡m ˙UXÙL Ußd°˙\u. ARu Y[m YÙnkRTpY˚Ll TWmT˚Wl ◊LØp SÙu ˘T⁄˚U˘LÙs°˙\u. ARtœjRL SÙuGuflm SPk’˘LÙs˙Yu.
Gu ˘Tt˙\Ùo, BNıÙıVo, Íj˙RÙo CYoL˚[ SÙu Suœ Ußl˙Tu.
GpXÙ⁄P‡m SÙu Ti◊Pu TZœ˙Yu. G]’ SÙh•≤Pÿm SÙh”UdL∞Pÿm TdߟPu C⁄l˙Tu G] Eflß ·fl°˙\u. AYoL∞uSXjߤm Y[jߤmRÙu G]’ CuTÿm APe°´⁄d°\’.
Prepared by State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT)Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 012, Kerala.
Website www.scert.kerala.gov.in e-mail [email protected]
Typeset and design by SCERT Computer Lab
To be printed in quality paper - 80gsm map litho (snow-white)
© Government of Kerala • Department of Education • 2014
UÙQYf ˘NpYeL˙[!
GuT’ L⁄j’l T¨UÙt\jßtLÙ] J⁄ L⁄ÆUh”Uu± SU’ YÙrÆu J⁄ TœßVÙL‹m Æ[eœ°u\’. EX°p Es[ GjR˚]˙VÙ ˘UÙØL∞p™L‹m Y[™dL ˘UÙØVÙLj ßLrY’ R™r ˘UÙØVÙœm. UÙØdLpÆ SU’ TiTÙ”, L˚X, CXd°VeL˚[ A±k’˘LÙs[ ’˚Q◊¨Ÿm Y˚L´pA˚UV ˙Yi”m. UÙQYoLs ClTÙPËpYÙ´XÙLl Tp˙Yfl CXd°Vl TœßL˚[d Ltfljß\u ˘Tflm Y˚L´p ˘NVpTÙ”Lfim ˘UÙØlT´t£Ÿm ˘LÙ”dLlTh”s[]. CYt˚\d LtœmUÙQYu ˘UÙØjß\‡Pu LtT˚]j ß\˚]ŸmCXd°V Bt\˚XŸm ˘T\ ˙Yi”m. Uh”Uu±,LÙX LhPjßtœ HtT ˘UÙØ˚Vl TVuT”jR‹mCkËp Efl’˚Q ◊¨Ÿm GuTßp IV™p˚X.˘UÙØj ˘RÙPoTÙ] Tp˙Yfl ’˚\L∞p YpX˚U˘Ttflj ßLrYRtœm CkËp YØYœdœm. CR˚]ÿ˚\VÙLd Ltfll TVu A˚PV YÙrj’°˙\u.
YÙrj’Ls,
˙TWÙ£¨Vo ˙L.H. aÙµmCVdœSo
UÙ®Xd LpÆVÙWÙnf£ Utflm T´t£ ®flY]mß⁄Y]kR◊Wm
˘UÙØ
extbook Development Committee
Textbook Development Team
STD XI TAMIL - OPTIONAL
Members
Jasmine J., HSST,Govt.Tamil V & HSS & TTI ,Chalai, Tvpm.
Dr. Jeyakrishnan, HOD,Dept.of Tamil, .University of Kerala,Tvpm.
Dr. Karunanithi M., HSST, Govt.Tamil V & HSS & TTI ,Chalai, Tvpm.
Dr. Manickaraj , Asst.Prof,University College,Palayam, Tvpm.
Singh M. B., HSA (Rtd), Govt.Tamil V & HSS & TTI ,Chalai, Tvpm.
Dr.Santhi P., Asst.Prof,University College,Tvpm.
Dr. Vijayalakshmi T., Asst.Prof. ,Dept.of Tamil ,University of Kerala,Tvpm.
Experts
Dr. Doctor Nazeemdeen, Prof.,(Rtd.), Kerala University, Thiruvananthapuram.
Dr. Gomathy nayagam, E., Guest Lecturer. University of Madras, Chennai.
Dr. Kanchana, Prof. & Head, (Rtd.), University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram.
Dr. Nainar. M., Reader., (Rtd.), University College, Thiruvananthapuram.
Dr. Parasuraman, T., Prof., PILC, Pondicherry.
Dr. Rajaram, S., Prof.,(Rtd.), Tamil University, Thanjavur.
Dr. Ratnasabapathy, P., Prof.(Rtd.), Chennai.
Dr. Sethupandian Prof., M.K. University Madurai.
Dr. Veerappan, P., Prof., (Rtd.), NCERT, Mysore.
Artists
Muthuraj, Artist ,Kozhinjampara,Palakkad
Siva Kumar, Artist, Kozhinjampara, Palakkad.
Academic Co-ordinator
Dr. Sahaya Dhas D., Research Officer, SCERT.
State Council of Educational Research and Training(SCERT)
Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 012.
AX-œ 1. LÆ˚Rf £™r .................................. .... 7 ˛ 23
l UÙ‡Pm ......................................................................................... 8
l A±‹............................................................................................... 15
l œ⁄Ædœ ˙Yi”˙LÙs .......................................... 17
l A±ÿL ˙SÙd°p ˚a·....................................... 20
AX-œ 2. ÆWp ÷≤´p EXLm........................ 24 ˛ 55
l C˚QVÿm CXd°Vÿm ...................................... 25
l Tf˚N YVp ............................................................................. 32
l T¨—jR Au©p øk’m ¡uLs ..................... 39
l TÙ¤U˙LkßWÙ‹Pu £X˘SÙ•Ls................. 44
AX-œ 3. ˘RÙu˚U .................................................. 56 ˛ 71
l ˘UÙØ ............................................................................................... 57
l R™rÆ” Á’ ........................................................................ 64
l G’ R™rf ˘NpYm......................................................... 65
l GeLs R™r............................................................................. 67
l ˘UÙØ´V≠p J≠´Vp.......................................... 69
AX-œ 4. Ui¶u UQm .................................... 78 ˛ 113
l Ru]u]Ù˙] ....................................................................... 79
l ˘TÙu≤\jRÙs L˚R................................................... 88
l IYo WÙNÙdLs L˚R ....................................................... 90
l TZ˘UÙØŸm S˚Lf—˚YŸm .............................. 93
l ˙RÙpTÙ˚Yd L˚XO⁄Pu J⁄SÙs........ 98
l TÙm◊! TÙm◊! ............................................................................ 110
AX-œ 5. TZ˚UŸm C≤˚UŸm ..................... 114 - 131
l Gh”m Tj’m......................................................................... 115
l —P˘WÙ∞....................................................................................... 128
AL-W-ÿ-R≠ ..................................................................... 132
EsEsEsEsEs [[[[[ PPPPP ddddd LLLLL mmmmm
AX-œ 1
LÆ˚Rf £™r
Cu] Y•Æp CjR˚] Y¨L∞p
ClT•jRÙu C⁄dL˙Yi”˘Uu\ CXdLQ UW˚T
E˚Pj˘R±k’ Y¤YÙ] L⁄jRÙZUÙ] Y¨L∞p Y•lT˙R
◊’dLÆ˚R. Lh”lTÙh”dœs ALlTPÙUp YÙNL≤u YÙ£l◊d
˙Lt\YÙfl L⁄j’Ls A˚Ukß⁄lT˙R ◊’dLÆ˚R. ’s[p S˚P´p
˘NÙt£XmTÙhPm B”Y’ UW◊dLÆ˚R; T•Um, œ±¬”, TuÿL
YÙ£l©p ALÆØ ß\dL YØLÙh”Y’ ◊’dLÆ˚R.
v T˚Pl◊L∞p ˚LVÙ[lT”m EjßL˚[BZUÙLl ◊¨k’˘LÙi”, TœlTÙn‹ ˘Nn’,Ußl¿” ˘NnRp.
v LÆ˚RL˚[j ß\]Ùn‹ ˘NnRp.
Lt\p A˚P‹Ls.
8
YÙrd-˚L-˘Vp-XÙm Tt-fl G›-ß-V-Y˙]!Eu Te-œd-œ J⁄ YW-YÙ-Y-’
˚Yj-’-Æh-”l ˙TÙ!
CkRl È™d-œJ⁄ ©f-˚Nd-LÙ-W-]Ù-L˙Y Yk-RÙnJ⁄ LP-]Ù-∞-VÙ-L˙Y
NÙLl ˙TÙ°-\Ù-VÙ?
Gu-‡-˚P-V-’ Gu-flø E¨˚U ˘LÙi-PÙ-”m G’-‹m
Eu-‡-˚P-V-RpXEu EPp
Eu ˘Tt-˙\Ùo ChP ©f˚NEu —YÙ-Nm
ø LÙt-±-Pm YÙe-°V LPu
ø —˚YjR YÙrd˚LTX ˙R…d-Ls ßWh-• ˚YjR˙Ru Gu-T˚R A±-YÙ-VÙ?
T£jR ˙TÙ˘Rp-XÙmÈ™-´u UÙo-©p TÙp œ•j-RÙ˙V!
BŸs ÿ›-’mIk-’ ©f-˚Nl TÙj-ß-We-L-∞p
YÙe° Ei-PÙ˙V!
GRt-LÙ-Y-’ Æ˚X ˘LÙ”j-RÙ-VÙ?YÙP-˚L-VÙ-Y-’ Rk-R-’i-PÙ?Su-±-VÙ-Y-’- ˘N-¤j-ß-]Ù-VÙ?
˙ULj-ßu ø˚W-ŸmNk-ßW „¨V Æ[d-œ-L-˚[-Ÿm
TVu-T-”j-ß-]Ù˙V!Lh-P-Qm Lh-•-V-’i-PÙ?
UÙ‡Pm
Tt-fl YW‹
9
A‡-T-Ye-L-∞u
ß⁄-U-Qe-L-fid-œ Yk-’
Æ⁄k-’i-PÙ˙V!
˘UÙn G›-ß-]Ù-VÙ?
NÍ-Lm Lh-•V
·˚W-L-∞u A•-´p
œ•-´-⁄k-R-Y˙]!
"æ' ÆTj-’ SPk-R-˙TÙ-’
Eu Te-œd-œ J⁄ YÙ∞ øWÙ-Y-’
≈£-]Ù-VÙ?
Eu ÿu-˙]Ù-¨u Sß-L-∞-≠-⁄k-’
Eu YVp-L-fid-œ
øo TÙnf-£d ˘LÙi-P-Y˙]!
"˘Ys-[m' L˚W-Ÿ-˚Pj-R-˙TÙ-’
J⁄ Rh-PÙ-Y-’
Ui —Uk-RÙ-VÙ?
A±-ÿ-Lm Cp-XÙR ˚LL-[Ùp
Li-Ωo ’˚Pd-Ll-Th-P-Y˙]!
NL U≤-R-≤u
J⁄ Li-Ωoj ’∞-˚V-VÙ-Y-’
ø ’˚Pj-ß-⁄d-°-\Ù-VÙ?
VÙ˙WÙ Ft-±V øWÙp
◊u-]˚L Èj-R-Y˙]!
J⁄ LÙnkR ERh-•-XÙ-Y-’
ø ◊u-]- L˚V UXoj-ß- -⁄d-°-\Ù-VÙ?
Gu] E\‹ Eu E\-‹?
YÙe-L˚X Uh-”m ˘Nn-RÙ˙V!
˘LÙ”d-L-˚Xf ˘Nn-RÙ-VÙ?
Gk-Rd ˚LVÙ˙XÙ
—Po Ht-\l-Th-P-Y˙]!
J⁄ Æ[d-˚L-VÙ-Y-’
G’ ◊’dLÆ˚R?
CXdLQf ˘Ne˙LÙp
VÙl◊f £mUÙN]m
G’˚Ll TpXdœ
˙UÙ˚]j ˘Ru\p
R≤˘UÙØf ˙N˚]
Ti•R TY≤
C˚Y G’‹™pXÙR
L⁄j’dLs
Rm˚UjRÙ˙U
B[dLtfld ˘LÙiP
◊ßV UdL[Ùh£
ÿ˚\˙V ◊’dLÆ˚R
- --ÿ. ˙UjRÙ
10
ø Ht-±-Æh-”l TÙL Yi-PÙ-UÙ?
˘UÙj-R-UÙ-Lf ˘Nj-’l ˙TÙ°-\Ùn
˘LÙg-Nm £p-X-˚\-VÙ-L-YÙ-Y-’
ø Ce˙L C⁄dL ˙Yi-PÙ-UÙ?
UW-Qd LÙt-±p
J⁄ Æ[d-˚Ll ˙TÙp
A˚Qk-’ ˙TÙLÙ˙R!
Ko F’-Yj-ß-˚Vl ˙TÙp
˘LÙg-Nm Sfl-U-Q-UÙ-Y-’
Æh-” Æh-”l ˙TÙ!
Eu NÙÆp NÙm-T˚X ApX
˘S⁄l˚T Æh-”f ˘Np!
Ui-¶p J⁄ LÙVj˚R ApX
J⁄ U⁄k˚R Æh-”f ˘Np!
J⁄ RP-V-ÿm Cp-XÙ-Up
U˚\-Y-Rt-œ ˘Yh-Ll T”!
œt-\-YÙ-∞-RÙu Al-T-•f ˘Nn-YÙu
B\Ù-Y-’ A±‹ Gu-T-’
°fld-œj-R-]-UÙ?
E´-¨-]e-L-∞p U≤-Ru Uh-”m-RÙu
AW-£-Vp L˚X- Vd Li-”-©-•j-R-
Yu
B\Ù-Y-’ A±‹ Gu-T-’ Yg-NL Y˚X-VÙ?
E´-¨-]e-L-∞p U≤-Ru Uh-”m-RÙu
NL-U-≤-R-≤u
LÙ≠p Æ›k-’ YQe-œ-T-Yu
B\Ù-Y-’ A±‹ Gu-T-’
—V-U-¨-VÙ-˚R-´u Lp-X-˚\-VÙ?
E´-¨-]e-L-∞p
U≤-R-˚]j ß⁄j-Rj-RÙu
ÁRo-L-fim
AY-RÙ-We-L-fim
◊’dLÆ˚R´u ˙RÙt\m
YN] LÆ˚R, CXœ LÆ˚R, E˚W≈f—,
LhPt\ LÆ˚R (Verse Libra), ◊’dLÆ˚R
(New poetry) G]l TXlTX ˘TVoL∞p
˘Y∞Y⁄m ◊’dLÆ˚R Gu°u\ CXd°V
Y˚L˚Vj ˙RÙtflÆjRYo A˘U¨dLd
LÆOo YÙphÆhUu (1819 ˛ 1892).
1910 Cp A˘U¨dLÙÆp CYo Be°X
VÙl◊d Lh”d˙LÙl◊dœ GßWÙLd
œW˘X›l©]Ùo. CRu LÙWQUÙL
Be°Xjßp ◊’dLÆ˚R (New poetry)
Guflm ©˘Wg— CXd°Vj˚Rl ©uTt±d
LhPt\ LÆ˚R (Verse Libra) Guflm ◊ßV
LÆ˚R ÿVt£Ls ˙RÙu±]. Be°X
CXd°Vjßp YÙph ÆhUu T˚PjR
◊p≠u CRrLs (Leaves of grass) VÙl◊j
R˚[L˚[j ’i•j’f —RkßWUÙL Yk’
TX⁄˚PV LY]j˚R DojR’. CY⁄˚PV
LÆ˚R ÿVt£Ls GvWÙ T‹ih.
•. Gv. G≠Vh B°˙VÙWÙp
˘RÙPWlThP].
EX˚Ll TÙoj’ ÆWdߟm AYXÿm
˘LÙiP ®˚X´p U≤R˚] ˘Ytfld
·PÙL‹m EX˚Ll TÙr ®XUÙL‹m
LiP]o. R≤jR≤f —RkßWjßp SÙhPm
˘LÙiP]o. CkRl ©u]¶´p
˙RÙu±V’RÙu
•. Gv. G≠Vh•u TÙr®Xm (Waste Land).
ARtœ ˙SÙTp T¨— YZeLlThP’.
CRu-©u◊’dLÆ˚Rdœ BRW‹ ˘T⁄°tfl.
YÙphÆhU]Ùp DodLlThP TÙWßVÙo.
11
˙YRe-L-fim
øß Ëp-L-fim
˙R˚Yl-T-”-°u-\]
B\Ù-Y-’ A±‹ Gu-T-’
˙SÙVÙ?
E´-¨-]e-L-∞p
U≤-Ru Uh-”mRÙu
B\Ù-Y-’ A±-˚Yl
˘Tt-±-⁄d- °-\Ùu
ARt-LÙL AYu ˘T⁄-˚Ul-T-”-°-\Ùu.
UÙ‡-Pj-ßu ß⁄-ÆZÙ
˙LÙXj-ßt-LÙL ˚Yd-œm
◊s-∞-L-˚[l ˙TÙp
YÙ]j-’ Sh-Nj-ß-We-L-∞p
J›e-œ Cp˚X
B]Ùp
Sh-Nj-ß-We-L-∞u AZ-œ
˙LÙXl ◊s-∞-L-∞p Cp˚X
SÙm ˘Yh-”m YÙnd-LÙp-L-˚[l ˙TÙp
Sß-Ls ˙SWÙL K”-Y-ßp˚X
B]Ùp
Sß-L-∞u ˘N¸k-Ro-Vm
Sm YÙnd-LÙp-L-∞p Cp˚X
SÙm Y[od-œm ÈeLÙ UWe-L- [l ˙TÙp
LÙh-” UWe-L-∞p
Lh-”l-TÙ-” Cp˚X
B]Ùp
LÙh-•u Lm-¿-Wm
Sm Èe-LÙ-Æp Cp˚X
SÙm TÙ”m Ne-∏-Rj-˚Rl ˙TÙp
œ´-≠u TÙh-•p
CXd-L-Qm Cp˚X
B]Ùp
◊’dLÆ˚R CVp◊Ls
1912 Cp GvWÙ T‹ih •uPu GuTY⁄Pu
C˚Qk’ ◊’dLÆ˚Rd˘L] £X
˘LÙs˚LL˚[ E⁄YÙd°]Ùo.
v ˘TÙ⁄˚[ ˙SW•VÙL A‘L˙Yi”m.
v LÆ˚R´u ˘Y∞lTÙh•tœj
˙R˚Y´pXÙR GkR J⁄ £fl ˘NÙp˚XŸm
˙NodLd ·PÙ’.
v CfldLUÙ] VÙl◊ ÿ˚\L˚[ ÆXd°
Æh” C˚N XVj˚Rl ©uTt\ ˙Yi”m.
CmÍufl ˘LÙs˚LLfim ◊’dLÆ˚R
Y˚Ldœ¨V œ±l©PjRdL CVp◊Ls.
◊’dLÆ˚R´u Cu˘]Ù⁄ £\l©VpTÙL
Y≠ŸfljRlT”Y’ T•Um. GvWÙ T‹ih
Cßp ™œkR LY]m ˘N¤jß]Ùo. .
R≤ U≤R A‡TYeLs ◊’dLÆ˚RL∞p
TX ˙LÙQeL∞p ˘Y∞YkR]. œ±¬”,
˘RÙ≤, T•Um ˙TÙu\˚Y ◊’dLÆ˚RL∞p
◊ßV Ti◊L[ÙL ˘Y∞lThP].
TX TdLeLs ˘LÙiP ˚YWdLp ˙TÙu\’
◊’dLÆ˚R. J⁄ TdLm AZœ; ◊’UÙߨVÙ]
AZœ, ÆVdœm AZœ. J⁄ TdLm HdLm,
U]ÿ±‹, ˘T⁄Íf—, LÙRp, Rj’Ym, ˙LÙTm,
Nk˙RLm, A˚\·Yp Ru U]j˚R˙V
œ˚Pk˘R”j’ BWÙŸm ˙So˚U TÙ¤Qof£
ClT•l TX TdLeLs Ei”. —⁄eLf
˘NÙu]Ùp Cufl Sm™˚P˙V C⁄dœm
EQof£Ls A˚]jßu ©WßT≠l˚TŸm
SÙm ◊’dLÆ˚R´p LÙi°˙\Ùm Gu\
NÙoYÙL≤u Æ[dLm ◊’dLÆ˚R´u
Es[PdLj˚R G”j’˚WlTRÙL Es[’.
12
œ´p TÙh-•u œÁ-L-Xm
Sm Ne-∏-Rj-ßp Cp˚X
SÙm B”m TWRm ˙TÙp
U´-≠u SP-]j-ßp
RÙ[ XVm Cp˚X
B]Ùp
U´p SP-]j-ßu TW-Y-Nm
Sm TW-Rj-ßp Cp˚X
T˚P-L-∞u S˚P-˚Vl ˙TÙp
LPp A˚X-L-∞p A¶-Y-œl◊ Cp˚X
B]Ùp
A˚X-L-∞u Ep-XÙ-Nm
T˚P-L-∞p Cp˚X
SÙm G›-’m YÙd-°-Vm ˙TÙp
™u-]-≠p UW◊ Cp˚X
B]Ùp
™u-]-≠u AojR BZm
Sm YÙd-°-Ve-L-∞p Cp˚X
SUd-°-⁄l-T-’ ˙TÙp
T\-˚Y-L-fid-œ
SÙ”-L-fim
Gp-˚X-L-fim- Cp˚X
B]Ùp
T\-˚Y-L-∞u —Rk-ß-Wm
Sm-™-Pm Cp˚X
SUd-°-⁄l-T-’ ˙TÙp
˙ULe-L-fid-œl
TÙ˚R-L-fim
TVQ Xh-£-Ve-L-fim Cp˚X
B]Ùp
œ±¬h•Vp (Symbolism)
œ±¬h•Vp GuT’ œ±¬” (Symbol) Gu\
˘NÙp≠≠⁄k’ ˙RÙu±VRÙœm. J⁄ ˘NÙp
ARu ˘TÙ⁄˚[d œ±lT˙RÙ” ARuLi
LÙQ ÿ•VÙR AR˙]Ù” ˘RÙPo◊˚PV
Ut˘\Ù⁄ ˘TÙ⁄˚[d œ±lTRÙœm. Sm
YÙrÆp NLX ’˚\L∞¤m œ±¬”Ls
TVuT”jRlT”°u\]. RWÙ— øß´u
œ±¬”, S¨ RkßWjßu œ±¬”.
LÆOoL∞u £\lTÙ] EQo‹L˚[
˘Y∞´”m L⁄ÆVÙLd œ±¬h•Vp
A˚UkR’.
˘NÙp≠p AojRj˚R ˙SW•VÙLj R⁄m
ÿVt£dœl TßXÙLd œ±¬”L˚[l
TVuT”j’YRu YÙ´XÙL AojRj˚R
YÙNLu U]ßp ƨVf ˘NnŸm ÿVt£˙V
œ±¬h•Vp. ˘NÙtL∞u ˚LLÙhP¤dœd
LÙjßWÙUp LÆOu ˘Y∞lT”j’m
AojRj˚R YÙNLu ˙SW•VÙLf ˘Nufl
A˚PŸm ÿVt£˙V œ±¬h•Vp Gu‡m
CXd°V ÿVt£. AYu TVuT”j’m
œ±¬” ˘Yflm ˘NÙpXÙL CpXÙUp A’˙Y
˘TÙ⁄[Ù° Æ”°\’ Gu°\Ùo TÙXÙ.
˘Ytflf ˘NÙtL˚[Ÿm AXeLÙWf
˘NÙtL˚[Ÿm RÆoj’d ˘LÙi” LÆ˚R
CfldLÿm ˘N±‹m ˘TtfljßLZd
œ±¬”Ls ˘T¨’m TVuT”°u\].
EQof£˚VŸm GiQeL˚[Ÿm A˚Y
’p≠VUÙL ˘Y∞fNm TÙnf£d
LÙh”°u\].
13
˙ULe-L-∞u B]k-Rm
Sm-™-Pm Cp˚X
SUd-°-⁄l-T-’ ˙TÙp
UXo-L-fid-œ AW-£-Vp Cp˚X
B]Ùp
UXo-L-∞u ˘LÙi-PÙh-Pm
Sm-™-P-™p˚X
SUd-°-⁄l-T-’ ˙TÙp
™⁄-Le-L-∞-Pm URm Cp˚X
B]Ùp
™⁄-Le-L-∞u
Ls-[m LT-P-™p-XÙR œQm
Sm-™-P-™p˚X
SÙm A˚Pl-◊d œ±-L-fid-œs
A˚Pd-Ll-Th-P-Yo-Ls
Æt-T-˚]d-LÙ-Lf
Nk- R- p ·fl Lh-•d °Pl-T-Yo-Ls
Nh-Pj-ßu ˚Lß-Ls
Nm-©-W-RÙ-Vj-ßu LÙj-R-•- U-Ls
Ah-P-Y- Q-L-fid-œl ©\k-R-Yo-Ls
˘NVt-˚L-´u T≠ ¿Pj-ßt-LÙL
Y[od-Ll-T-”m B”-Ls
CXd-L-Qe-L-fid-œ Al-TÙp
C⁄d-°-\-’ AZ-œ
˘NVt-˚Ld-œ Al-TÙp
C⁄d-°-\-’ —Rk-ß-Wm
Ge˙L AZ-œm —Rk-ß-W-ÿm Ei˙PÙ
Ae-˙L-RÙu
UÙ‡-Pm ß⁄-Æ-ZÙd ˘LÙi-PÙ-”-°-\-’
-˛ Al-’p -W-œ-UÙu
14
@ ""SUd°⁄lT’ ˙TÙp
T\˚YLfidœSÙ”LfimGp˚XLfim Cp˚XB]ÙpT\˚YL∞u —RkßWmSm™Pm Cp˚X''
CdLÆ˚R Y¨Ls œ±j’d LXk’˚WVÙ”L.
@ UÙ‡Pjßu ß⁄ÆZÙ Gu\ LÆ˚R˚V YÙ£j’
ÆUoN]dœ±l◊ RVÙo ˘NnL.
@ U≤R‡m CVt˚LŸm Gu\ R˚Xl©p LXk’˚WVÙ•d œ±l◊
RVÙo ˘NnL.
˘NVpTÙ”Ls
Al-’p -W-œ-UÙu
CYo 02.11.1937Cp U’-˚W-´p ©\k-RÙo. TÙp≈-ß, ˙SVo-Æ-⁄l-Tm, —h-”-Æ-Wp, ©j-Ru, BXÙ-T˚] ˙TÙu-\˚YCY-W’ LÆ˚Rj ˘RÙœl◊Ls. "BXÙT˚]' Gu‡mLÆ˚Rj ˘RÙœßdœ UjßV NÙ°jV ALÙR™´u Æ⁄’˘Tt\Ùo. YÙ¶-Vm-TÙ-• C—-XÙ-™-Vd Lp-̨´p T¶-◊- k-R-Yo.
15
◊p¤dœl ˙TÙh•VÙL
Ui”m °⁄™ œi˚Pf ˘Nn˙YÙm.
UÙh”dœd Lu˚\d LÙh•
TÙ≠˚]f —WdLf ˘NnŸm
UP˚U˚V.
L˚X´u œ˚\˚Y,
LÙh”YRtLÙL ˘Yu˙\
˚Yd˙LÙ¤m ˙RÙ¤m B]
RkßWm Ju˚\f ˘Nn˙YÙm.
TÙ˚X VÙm YWY˚Zl˙TÙm
E˚Zl◊dœ Kn˚Y A∞dœm
EQ‹ Nj’dLs ˘Nn˙YÙm
Bi ˘Ti¶u LXÆ´u±
E´˚W EtTjß ˘NnŸm
E´¨Vp UoUm ˙R•
E˚Zd°u˙\Ùm.
˘Yt± LÙi˙TÙm.
˙SÙd°u± NÙh˚P´u±
RÙ]ÙL Æ˚WŸm °WLUÙm
NkßWu, ˘NqYÙn, —dWu
¡ß≤p œß˚W H±
R[eL˚[ A˚Uj’ Æ”˙YÙm.
A⁄˘[‡m _ÙXÆj˚R
˘NXÙY¶ BLÙRnVÙ.
UP˚UVÙp EX˚Lf ˘NnRÙp
A±Æ]Ùp L˚[Rp RY\Ù?
A±‹
˛ S. ©f-N-Íojß
T•UÆVp (Imagism)
T•Um GuT’ A±YÙ¤m, EQof£VÙ¤m
B] J⁄ U]lTÙY˚]˚V J⁄
˘SÙ•l˘TÙ›ßp ˘R¨Vd LÙh”Y’. LiQÙp
LÙQd·•V T⁄l˘TÙ⁄hL˚[˙VÙ, U]RÙp
EQWd ·•V ÷i˘TÙ⁄sL˚[˙VÙ LÆ˚R
SVj˙RÙ” BsY’m Aq‹Qo˚Yl
T•l˙TÙ¨Pj’ EQWf ˘NnY’m T•Ujßu
˘NVtTÙ” G]XÙm. ClT•Uj˚Rd LÙh£ E⁄
Guflm E⁄dLÙh£ Guflm A˚ZlTo.
R™ØXd°Vjßp EY˚U, E⁄YLm,
ÿtfl⁄YLm Gu˘\pXÙm YZeLlThP
A¶Ls Cufl T•Um Gufl
A˚ZdLlT”°u\]. E[ÆVp ˙SÙd°p ®u\
T•Um, U]lT•Um (Mental Image) Guflm
L˚X´Vp ˙SÙd°p ®u\ T•Um
A¶lT•Um (Figurative image) Guflm
œ±¬PÙL ®tœm T•Um œ±¬h”l T•Um
(Symbolic image) Guflm T•UeLs
Y˚LlT”jRlT”°u\].
16
S. ©f-N-Íojß (1900 ˛ 1976)œm-T- LÙ-Qj-ßp ©\k-RÙo. YZd-L-±-Oo, CR-ZÙ-£- -Vo Gu-fl TX-
®-˚X-L-∞p T¶-VÙt-±-V-Yo. £fl-L-˚Rj ’˚\-´-¤m ◊’d-
LÆ˚R´-¤m ÿRp-Y-WÙL CPm ˘Tt-\-Yo. Bfl- £-fl-L-˚Rj
˘RÙœl-◊-Ls, Lh-”-˚Wj ˘RÙœl-◊, £fl-Yo L˚Rj ˘RÙœl◊
B°V˚Y CYW’ œ±l©PjRdL ËpLs.
@ "˙SÙd°u± NÙh˚P´u± (A±‹)
RÙ]ÙL Æ˚WŸm °WLUÙm"
NkßWu, ˘NqYÙn, —dWu
¡ß≤p œß˚W H±
R[eL˚[ A˚Uj’Æ”˙YÙm
ClTÙPX•L˚[ Cu˚\V A±ÆVp Y[of£˙VÙ” Jl¿” ˘Nn’
A±ÆV¤m R™›m Gu\ R˚Xl©p £flLh”˚W RVÙo ˘NnL.
@ A±ÆVp ˘RÙPoTÙ] ◊’dLÆ˚RL˚[j ßWh”L.
˘NVpTÙ”Ls
17
œ⁄-Æd-œ ˙Yi-”- LÙs
·” LhP ÆP-UÙh-˙Pu
£u-]d œ⁄-Æ˙V! Gu ≈h-”
Nu-]p-Ls ß\k-ß-⁄d-Ld LÙW-Qm
T⁄-Yd LÙt-fl-Ls Es˙[ YW.
Gg-£V EQ-Æu YÙNm U˚\-V-‹m
’˚Yd-Ll TPÙR
’¶-L-∞u YÙ˚P ˙TÙL-‹m
Cu-‡m H˙RÙ Ju-fl Gu-]-˘Yu-fl
˘R¨-VÙR Ju-±u £fl ˘S• ˙TÙL-‹m
T⁄-Yd LÙt-fl-Ls Es˙[ ≈Nj
ß\k-’s-[] G]-’ Nu-]p-Ls.
G]-’ ≈h-”d-œs Y⁄-˙YÙo
RU-’ YÙNj-˙RÙ-” Yk-’ ˙TÙ°-\Ùo
ß⁄m-©l TÙœm- TÙ-’ Aß˙X LÙg-Nm
Æh-” Æh˙P ˙TÙ°-\Ùo ˘R¨-Ÿ-UÙ?
Nu-]p YØ˙V £\˚L UPd°
YW ÿV-XÙ˙R £u]d œ⁄-Æ˙V!
·” Lh-Pl ˘TÙ⁄k-ßV CPe-Ls
Cp˚X œ⁄-Æ˙V G]-’ ≈h-•p.
SÙh-•u Y[okR UWe-Ls Gp-XÙm
Gu] B´-]? ø˙Vu ·h˚P Gu
≈h-”d-œs LhP Y˚[V Y⁄-°-\Ùn?
˘Ys-∞d-°-Z˚U Æ_-Vm ˘Nn-Ÿm
J≠Ÿm G›j’m
˘UÙØ GuT’ Tp˙Yfl J≠L[Ùp B]’.A, L, U, Z GuT] ˙YflThP J≠Ls.
J⁄˘UÙØ´p A•lT˚PVÙLl TVuT”jRlT”m J≠L˚[ E´˘WÙ≠Ls,˘Un˘VÙ≠Ls G] Y˚LlT”jRXÙm.A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, J¸B°V Tu≤Wi”m R™r ˘UÙØ´uE´˘WÙ≠Ls.
˘UÙØdœj ˙R˚YlT”m ©\ J≠L[Ù]d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q,s, r, t, u B°V Tߢ]h”m R™r˘UÙØ´u ˘Un˘VÙ≠Ls.
E´˘WÙ≠Ÿm ˘Un˘VÙ≠Ÿm C˚Qk’J≠lT˚R E´o˘Un J≠ GuTo.Tu≤Wi” E´˘WÙ≠Lfim Tߢ]h”˘Un˘VÙ≠LfiPu ˙Nok’ Y⁄m˙TÙ’216 E´o˘Un J≠Ls ˙RÙuflm. (L, LÙ,°, ∏ ................ G] Y⁄m)
BnRm (@) Gu\ J≠Ÿm R™ØpEi”.
E´˘WÙ≠ ˛ 12,˘Un˘VÙ≠ ˛ 18,E´o˘Un J≠ ˛ 12 ××××× 18 = 216BnRm ˛ 1˘UÙjRm ˛ 247
18
OÙ]d·jRu
Rg˚-N-´p 07.10.1938 Cp ©\k-RÙo. UW©u Æ⁄jRl TÙPp
K˚N˙VÙ” ◊’dLÆ˚RLs T˚PjRYo. S˚P CRZÙp
CXd°V EXœdœ A±ÿLUÙ]Yo. LNPRT\Ƥm LÆ˚R
T˚PjRÙo. CYo LÆ˚RLs OÙ]d·jRu LÆ˚RLs Gu\
˘TV¨p ˘Y∞Yk’s[].
NÙm-Tp È˚]-VÙ? Li-˘Q-ß-¨p
Bs C⁄d-L-‹m Es˙[ ÷˚Z-Ÿm
°Z˚U TÙWÙh-PÙR ˘T¨V G≠-VÙ?
◊\l-T-”m ˙TÙ’ ˙RÙs ˙Up œßd-œm
˘Nq-YÙnl Tp-≠-VÙ? G’ E]d-œl
T¨k-’˚W ˘Nn-R-’ G]-’ ≈h-˚P?
≈h-•p U˚]-Æ˙VÙ RÙ˙VÙ Lh-•d
˘LÙ”jR
˘TÙh-P-Xj-’ UßV EQ˚Y
Kh-P-≠p ˚Yj-’ NÙl-©-”m S”j-RW
Yod-Lj-’ E˚Zl-TÙ∞ ˙TÙX G]-’
≈h-”d-œs ◊› Èf-£-L-˚[d
˘LÙQW ÿVp-°-\Ùn £u-]d œ⁄-Æ˙V!
˘Y∞-´-Pj-’ EQ-‹d-œ A‡-Uß
Cp-˚X-˘V]
TX-˚L-´p G›-ßl ˙TÙPYÙ œ⁄-Æ˙V!
·” LhP ÆP-UÙh-˙Pu
£u-]d œ⁄-Æ˙V! Gu ≈h-”
Nu-]p-Ls ß\k-ß-⁄d-Ld LÙW-Qm
T⁄-Yd-LÙt-fl-Ls Es˙[ YW.
˛ OÙ]d·jRu
Jq˘YÙ⁄ J≠dœm J⁄ œ±¬”
˘LÙ”j’ Y˚WY˚R G›j’ GuTo.
J≠L˚[ G›l©l ˙TNÙU˙X˙V
J≠´u œ±¬”L˚[ G›ßdLÙh•
L⁄j’L˚[ EQojR ÿ•Ÿm. L⁄j’
L˚[l T¨UÙflm ®˚Xdœ ˙UXÙLd
L⁄j’L˚[l Tß‹ NnŸm ®˚Xdœ
YkR˙TÙ’ G›j’Ls ˙RÙu±]
G]XÙm.
˙YflThP ˘UÙØL[ÙL C⁄kRÙ¤m
J≠Ls ˘T⁄mTÙ¤m J˙W ˙TÙX˙Y
A˚UŸm. B]Ùp J≠d œ±¬”
L[Ù] G›j’ TX˘UÙØL∞¤m
TXYÙfl A˚U°u\].
19
˘NVpTÙ”Ls
@ œ⁄Ædœ ˙Yi”˙LÙs Gu\ LÆ˚R —h•dLÙh”m SLWUV
UÙR≠u Æ˚[‹L˚[j ßWh• SLWUVUÙR≠u Su˚U æ˚ULs
œ±j’ ÆYÙßj’d œ±l◊ RVÙ¨dL.
@ T•Um, œ±¬” œ±j’d LXk’˚WVÙ•d œ±l◊ RVÙo ˘NnL.
@ ◊’dLÆ˚R´u ·flL˚[l (T•Um, œ±¬”) TœlTÙn‹ ˘Nn’
'◊’d LÆ˚R´u R≤jRu˚ULs' Gu\ R˚Xl©p J⁄ Lh”˚W
RVÙo ˘NnL.
@ H˙R‡m NÍLl ©Wf£˚] œ±jR ◊’dLÆ˚RLs G›ßd
LÆVWeLjßp ˘Y∞´”L.
20
A±-ÿL˙SÙd-°p
˚a· LÆ˚R
U≤-R -œ-Xm ˙Uu˚U A˚PV A˚PV
CXd-°-Vj-ßt-œm YÙr-‹d-œm C˚P- V-Ÿs[ C˚P-
˘Y∞ œ˚\k-’ Y⁄-Y˚R EQ-W-XÙm. CVt-˚L-
˙VÙ” CWi-P-\d LXkR _l-TÙ-≤V YÙrd˚L ÿ˚\-
´u CXd-°V ˘Y∞l-TÙ˙P ˚a· LÆ-˚R-Ls.
°Zd-Lj-ßV Ti-TÙh-•u £\l˚Tj ß˚N-˘Ve-œm
TWl-©-Y-⁄m Cd-L-Æ-˚R-Ls R≤j-Ru˚U YÙnkR
Y•Y Y[j-˙RÙ-”m L⁄j-’f-˘N-±-˙YÙ-”m A˚Uk-
’s[ TÙe-œ Ce˙L Ko A±-ÿ-Ll
TÙo-˚Y-Ÿ-Pu A‘-Ll-T-”-°-\-’.
Y•-Yl ©u-]¶
˚a· LÆ˚R Tß-˚]k-
RÙm Ët-\Ùi-P-[-Æp ˙RÙt-\m
˘LÙi-PÙ -¤m A’ T˚Z˚U
YÙnkR TWl◊ ®˚\kR YW-XÙt-fll
©u-]-¶˚V E˚P-V-’. _l-TÙ-≤V
LÆ˚R YW-XÙ˙\ £±V Y•-Yj-
˙RÙ”-RÙu ˘RÙPe-œ-°-\-’. ˚a·-
‹d-œ ÿu-˙]Ù-•-VÙL Ik-’-Y˚Ld
LÆ˚R Y•-Ye-Ls A˚Uk-R] G]
Bn-YÙ-[oLs L⁄-’-Yo. A˚Y:
˚a·
Lh-PqPÙ ˘N˙PÙLÙ
˙NÙLÙRÙuLÙ
C˘WeLÙ
_l-TÙ-≤V ˚a-·
¬¬¬¬¬ Kn-YÙnd LÙp-øh-•f
NÙnk-ß-⁄d-œm Gu-˚]j ˘RÙh-”,
˙U˙X-flm ÿ°-≠-]m.
˛ Cv^Ù
¬¬¬¬¬ LNl-TÙ] EX-Lm,
GRt-LÙ-œm G]d-°-≤? E⁄i-”
£˚Rk-ßhP T≤j-’-∞.
˛ Cv^Ù
¬¬¬¬¬ Li-ÿu˙] A˚X-L-Pp ˛
Æm-ÿm LPp-TÙod-œm ˙TÙ˘R-XÙm
Am-UÙ, Gu-AmUÙ!
˛ Cv^Ù
¬¬¬¬¬ Lp-X-˚\d-œl È˚N,
Gp- XÙod-œm ÿu˙] °Zh-”-SÙn
˘NÙp-≠f-˘N-¤m TÙ˚R.
˛ Cv^Ù
21
—⁄e-°V A[-Æ-XÙ-Y-’ Cd-L-Æ- R-L-∞u YW-
XÙt˚\ A±-Y’ ˚a·˚Y A±k-’-˘LÙs[ AY-£-
V-UÙ-œm.
Lh-PqPÙ
C’ _l-TÙ-≤u ™Ll- T-Z˚U
YÙnkR LÆ˚R Y•-Y-UÙ-œm. Ei- U- p
Cq-Y-˚Ld LÆ-˚R-Ls TÙPl-˘T-fl-Y-Rt-
LÙL G›-Rl-˘Tt-\˚Y Ap-X. U≤-R-‡m
˙RY-˚R-L-fim Æ]Ù Æ˚P A˚Ul-©p
˙T£d-˘LÙs-Y-RÙ-L˙Y Cd-L-Æ-˚R-Ls
A˚Uk-ß-⁄d-œm. £X ˙SWe-L-∞p Æ˚P-
L-˚[f £k-ßdL ˚Yd-œm Æ]Ùd-Ls
Uh”˙U -·Pd LÆ-˚R-L-[ÙL A˚U-Ÿm.
Lh-PqPÙ Íu-fl A•-L˚[ E˚P-V-’. ÿR-
≠-Wi-” A•-L-∞p Ju-fl ø[-UÙ-L-‹m
Ut˘\Ùu-fl œfl-°-V-RÙ-L-‹m A˚U-Ÿm.
Íu-\Ù-Y-’ A• CWi-PÙ-Y-’ A•-´u
A[-˚Yl-˙TÙX A˚Uk-ß-⁄d-œm.
˘N˙PÙLÙ
H\j-RÙZ Lh-Pq-PÙ-‹m N˙PÙ-LÙ-
‹m S⁄d-L-UÙ-]- Y. CWi” Lh-Pq-PÙd-
Ls C˚Qk-RÙp J⁄ ˘N˙PÙLÙ LÆ˚R
Y•-Ym E⁄-YÙ-œm. ARÙ-Y-’ Cq-Y-•-Ym
5˛7-˛7 5˛7-˛7 Gu-‡m A˚N-V-˚Ul-˚Tl
˘Tt-±-⁄d-œm. B]Ùp Lh-PqPÙ ˙TÙX
Cd-L-Æ-˚R-Ls Æ]Ù Æ˚P A˚Ul-©p
Uh-”˙U C⁄dL˙Yi-”m Gu-T-ßp-˚X.
˙NÙLÙ
C’ ø[-UÙ] LÆ˚R Y•-Y-UÙ-œm.
5˛7 Gu\ A˚N-V-˚Ul-◊-Pu LÆ-Oo
Æ⁄m-◊m A[-Æp Gj-R˚] A•-L-s
˙Yi”UÙ]Ù¤m G›-ßd ˘LÙs-[-XÙm.
¬¬¬¬¬ ©[mÈ Ge-˘Le-œm
°[m-T-‘m YPd-œj ßd-°-≤˙X
°[m-T-XÙ˙U ˘Ru-ß˚N!
˛ ÈNu
¬¬¬¬¬ ˚aVÙ, J˙W U°rf£
˚TV ˙Y≤p Sß-L-Pl-˙Tu
˚L´p C⁄-˘N-⁄l-◊.
˛ ÈNu
¬¬¬¬¬ ˚L´p £˚\-©-•l-˙Tu
˘Un˙VÙ ˘TÙn˙VÙ £fl-˙U≤
˚a, ThPÙm-Èf£!
˛ ÈNu
¬¬¬¬¬ œu-±u YØ-LÙh-•
Li-” ˘LÙs-Y˙R ´p-˚X, Ge
˘Le˙LÙ ˘N¨-U-Xo-Ls!
˛ ÈNu
R™Øp ˛ AUWu
AUWu
1947Cp U’˚W´p ©\kR CYo £\kR
UW◊dLÆOo Uh”Uu± ˚a·
LÆO⁄m BYÙo. R™Ø¤m
Be°Xjߤm ˚a· LÆ˚RLs
G›’m LÆOo Uh”UpXÙ’ C⁄
˘UÙØL∞¤m ˚a· LÆ˚RL˚[
˘UÙØ˘TVol◊ ˘NnŸm £\kR
˘UÙØ˘TVolTÙ[⁄UÙYÙo.
22
RÙuLÙ
C’ Ik-’ A•-L-[Ùp B] LÆ˚R Y•-Y-
UÙ-œm. 5˛7-˛5-˛7-˛7 Gu\ A˚N-V-˚Ul-˚Td ˘LÙi-•-⁄d-œm. ÿR-≠-Wi-” A•-Ls J⁄ L⁄j-˚R-Ÿm ©u-≤-Wi-” A•-Ls J⁄ L⁄j-˚R-Ÿm Cfl-ß-V-• Ut-·-±V-Yt˚\ Yt-◊-flj-ßd -·-flm Y˚L-´-¤m A˚Uk-ß-⁄d-œm.
C˘WeLÙ
C˘WeLÙ Ap-X-’ C˚Ql-◊dLÆ˚R G] YZe-Ll-T-”m. C’ C⁄-YoC˚Qk-’ J⁄ TÙP˚X G›-’m ÿ˚\-VÙ-œm. TÙP-≠u ÿRp TÙß˚V J⁄-Y-⁄mA”jR TÙß˚V Ut-\-Y-⁄m G›ß ÿ•l-To. 5˛7-˛5-˛7-˛7 Gu\ A˚N-L˚[ Cq-Y-˚Ll TÙPp-Ls Tt-±-⁄d-œm. A• Y˚W-V˚\ Cp-˚X.
Cq-YÙ-fl ˚a· LÆ-˚Rd-œ ÿu-]o _l-
TÙ-≤V LÆ˚R Y•-Ym Y[ok-’ Yk-R-’. ˚a·LÆ-˚Rd-œ ÿu-]oj ˙RÙu-±V LÆ˚R Y•-Ye-L-fid-˘Lp-XÙm Lh-PqPÙ Gq-YÙ-fl A•l-T-˚P-VÙL
A˚Uk-R˙RÙ Aq-YÙ-fl ˚a·-‹d-œl ©u-]oj
˙RÙu-±V LÆ˚R Y•-Ye-L-fid-˘Lp-XÙm ˚a·Y•-Ym A•l-T-˚P-VÙL A˚Uk-R-’.
˛ ÿ˚]-Yo NÙ. ERV„¨Vu
Æ]Ù —œTÙ Gu-‡m ◊ßV È™˚V
SÙm LPk-’-YW
Áe°V CW-‹-Ls-RÙu Gj-R-
˚]?
Æ˚P ÆWp-Æh-” Gi-‘-°-˙\u
Cu-fl CW-˙YÙ-” Ju-T-’
TLt- TÙ-›-ßp A’ Tj-RÙ-°-Æ-
”m!
CYo 1957 Cp ©\k-RÙo. ˘T⁄g-£j-ßW-]Ùo R™rj ˙R£-Vm, Ad-L-˚W-´p
ÈjR ˚a· B°-V˚Y CY-W’ T˚Pl-◊-Ls. R™rl Tp-L-˚XdLZ-Lj-ßp
AVp-SÙh”j R™rd Lp-Æj-’-˚\j R˚X-Y-WÙLl T¶-VÙt± Y⁄-°-\Ùo.
ÿ˚]-Yo NÙ. ERV„¨Vu
23
@ ˚a· LÆ˚RL∞u R≤jRu˚ULs œ±j’d LXk’˚WVÙ•d
œ±l◊ RVÙo ˘NnL.
@ ˚a· LÆ˚RL∞p ©WßT≠dœm NÿRÙVl ©Wf£˚]Ls
œ±j’d LXk’˚WVÙ• ˚a· LÆ˚RL∞p NÿRÙVl
©Wf£˚]Ls Gu\ R˚Xl©p œ±l◊ RVÙ¨dL.
@ UW◊d LÆ˚RŸm ◊’dLÆ˚RŸm Gu\ R˚Xl©p SPjRlT”m
L⁄jRWe°p YZeœYRtLÙLj R™rd LÆ˚RL∞p Y•Y UÙt\m
Gu\ R˚Xl©p J⁄ L⁄jRWeLd Lh”˚W RVÙo ˘NnL.
˘NVpTÙ”Ls
24
AX-œ 2
ÆWp ÷≤- p EX-Lm
C˚Q-Vm UdLs ˘RÙPo-©p L⁄j-’l
T¨UÙt-\j- Rj ’p-≠-V-UÙd-œ-°u-\-’; Ud-Ls Uj-ß- p Y¤-
YÙ] FP-L-UÙ-Lj ßLr-°u-\-’; ÆWp-÷-≤-´p EX-Lf ˘Nn-ß-L˚[
A±k-’-˘LÙs[ ER-‹-°-\-’. TpÌPLe-L-∞p ™u-≤-Vp FP-Le-L-fim,
ß˚Wl-T-P-ÿm _]-Wg-N-L-UÙL Es-[-]. ™u-≤-Vp FP-Le-L-s U≤-R˚]
AßLl TÙßl-◊d-œs-[Ùd-°-V-’. C˚Q-Vjßu ÍXm, ˘SÙ•l-˘TÙ-›-ßp
RL-Yp-L -˚[l TWl-T˙YÙ ˘T\˙YÙ ÿ•-Ÿm. Cq-Y-Xœ
RL-Yp˘RÙPo-©-V-≠u Tp-˙Y-fl L⁄j-’-L-˚[-Ÿm ß˚Wl-T-Pm
Tt-±V Nn-ß-L- [-Ÿm UÙQ-Yo-L-fid-œ G”j-’- Wl-T-’-Pu AYt-
±u Su˚U æ˚U-L-˚[-Ÿm Æ[d-œ-°u-\-’.
v FP-Lj˚Rf N¨-VÙ] ÿ˚\-´p TVu-T-”j-R-‹m ARt˙LtTf ˘NVp-T-P‹m A±-Rp.
v SÙP-Lm, ß˚Wl-T-Pm B°-V-Yt˚\ ÆUo-N-]d Li-˙QÙh-Pj-ßp A‘-œ-Rp.
v ˘RÙØ-≠u ˙Uu-˚U, YÙr-Æ-Vp Ußl-◊-Ls, L˚X,TiTÙ-” B°-V-Yt˚\ CXd-°-Ve-Ls YÙ´-XÙ-Ll◊¨k’, AYt-˚\l Tp-˙Y-fl T˚Pl-◊-L-[ÙL ˘Y∞-´”Rp.
Lt-\p A˚P-‹-Ls
25
C˚Q-V-ÿm CXd-°-V-ÿm
˘Yœ-_-]l T˚Pl-©-≠-⁄k-’ ˘YœÁWm
Rs∞- -⁄l-T˙R CXd-°-Vl T˚Pl◊. CWi-”m
J˙W ˘UÙØ-´p-RÙu G›-Rl-Th-•-⁄d-°u-\]
Gu-\-˙TÙ-ß-¤m T˚Pl-˚Tl ˙TÙX˙Y YÙ£l-
◊m CWi” Y˚Ll-Th-P-RÙ-L˙Y C⁄d-°-\-’.
CXd-°-Vj-ßu ˘UÙØ L•-]-UÙ-L˙YÙ G∞-˚U-
VÙ-L˙YÙ YÙoj-˚R-L-∞p ÷h-Te-L˚[ Y∞l-
T-”j-’-Y-RÙ-L˙YÙ Æ[e-œ-°-\-’. B]Ùp Yœ-
_-]l Tj-ß-¨-˚L-L-∞u ˘UÙØ _]-SÙ-V-Ll
˘TÙ’˚U LÙi-P-’. ARu G›j-RÙ-[o-L-∞-Pm Y∞l-
TÙh-•p R≤j-’-Ym C⁄k-RÙ-¤m U]d- L-P˙X R˚Yl-
T-PÙR ˙U˙XÙhP YÙ£l˚T Uh-”˙U ˘TÙ’-˚U-VÙ-Ld
˘LÙi-P-’. LÙW-Qm T⁄m-TÙu- U- -]- u Ro‹ A’-
RÙu Gu‡m Sm-©d-˚L. ˘T⁄m-TÙ-¤m A’ Ei-˚U.
÷h-T˙U Æt-œm NWd-LÙL B°l-˙TÙ-œm Gßo-LÙ-Xd
LtT˚] EX-°p, ˘Yœ-_] Y¶-Ll Tj-ß-¨-˚L-L-∞u
˘TÙ⁄-[-Pd-L-ÿm ÷h-T-UÙ-L˙Y A˚U-Ÿm. ARu
˙SÙdLm ÆVÙ-TÙ-Wm Uh-”-˙U. ÆVÙ-TÙ-Wm AR-]-[-Æp
∏r-˚U-VÙ-]-’m Ap-X. ˙R˚Y Gu-fl C⁄k-RÙp A˚R
®˚\-˙Yt-flm AY-£-V-ÿm A≤f-˚N-VÙnj ˙RÙu-±-
Æ”Y˙R CVt-˚L.
L˚X CXd-°-Vj-ßt-LÙ] ˙R˚Y˚V CXd-°-Vl Tj-ß-¨-
˚L-Ls ®˚\-‹-˘NnV ÿVu-fl œfle-œ-›dL-∞p C⁄k’
SÙ[- P-Æp ¡i-”m KW-[‹ Æ -YÙd-Lm SPk-ß-⁄l-T-Rt-
œl ◊j-R-Ld Li-LÙh£ £\kR NÙh-£-Vm. Au-˚\-V, Cu-
˚\V Ud-Ls-˘RÙ˚L Ut-flm LpÆ Æ¨-YÙd-Lj-’-Pu ◊j-
RL Æt-T-˚]˚V Jl-©h-” Sm Wj-Rd ˘LÙßl˚T Ht±d
˘LÙi-” U°rf-£-˚Vd ˘L”j-’d-˘LÙs-[Ù-ß⁄lT’
B˙WÙd-°-Vj-ßt-œ Sp-X-’. G]˙Y A˚Rj RÆol-T˙R
◊j-ßNÙ-≠j-R-]m.
26
Ck-Rl TW-Y-XÙdLj-ßp, LpÆ Uh-”-Uu-±j RÙØp-÷h-Tj-
ßu ˛ œ±l-TÙL C˚Q-Vj-ßu ˛ RÙd-L-ÿm ÿd-°-Vl Te-œ
Y°d-°-\-’.
Gl-T-•f £fl-Tj-ß-¨-˚L-Ls Y¶-Lj-ßt-œ Gß-WÙn —˙Vf-˚N-
VÙ-L-‹m —Rk-ß-W-UÙ-L-‹m —YÙ-£d-Lj R˚XlTh-P-]˙YÙ
A˙R-˙TÙX Cu-fl C˚Q-Vj-˚Rf NÙp-X-XÙm. C˚Q-Vj-
ßu AY-Xe-L˚[l Th-•-V-≠h-” UÙ[ÙR A[-Æt-œ A˙S-
Lm Gu\ TÙß-¤m, —Rk-ßW G›j-’d-œ A’ R⁄m L[j˚R
Gk-Rl Tj-ß-¨-˚L-Ÿm Gk-Rd LÙXj-ß-¤m LÙ”j-’-ÆP ÿ•-
VÙ-’. TdL S⁄d-L-•˙VÙ BNÙ-™-L-∞u Td-L-YÙh-” S⁄d-
L-•˙VÙ LÙX ˘S⁄d-L-•˙VÙ Cp-XÙ-Up G›R J˙W CPm
C˚Q-Vm Uh-”-˙U.
C˚Q-Vj-ßu ÿd-°-Vl ©Wf-£-˚]-Ÿm —Rk-ßW ˘Y∞l-TÙ-
”-RÙu. R]d-œl ThP L⁄j˚R Al-Th-P-UÙL ˘Y∞-´h-
PÙp A”jR LQ˙U ÆYÙ-R-˘Uu-‡m ˙TÙo-˚Y-´p Td-
Lf NÙo-◊-˘LÙiP W£L ˘W¸•L∞u Aoj-R-Ut\ ˘LÙ˚X-
˘Y-±d ·l-TÙ-” A˚Xd-L-Ød-Lj ˘RÙPe-°-Æ-”m. ARt-œ
ÿLm LÙ”l-T-’ SW-Æ-W-Vm. B]Ùp T⁄m-TÙ-¤m Ei-
˚U-VÙ] L⁄j˚R Y∞l-T-”j-RÙR NUÙ-RÙ-]f N˙LÙ-R-Wj-’-
Yf —L-YÙr-Æp ÿd-ß-V-˚P-Y˚R Xh-£-V-UÙnd ˘LÙi-
˙PÙ˙W T⁄m-TÙu˚U Gu-T-RÙp R™r G›j-RÙ-[o-L-fidœ
C’ ©Wf-£-˚]˙V Ap-X.
Y˚Xl-È-˚Yl ©Wj-ß-˙VL SÙh-œ-±l-TÙn ˚Yj-’d ˘LÙs-
Y-ßp C⁄k-’ R]-’ Sm-©d-˚L-´u ©Wf-NÙ-Wj-ßt-œ ET-˙VÙ-
°j-’d ˘LÙs-Y-’-Y˚W GRt-œ ˙Yi-”-UÙ-]Ù-¤m TVu-T-
”j-ßd- LÙs-fim —Rk-ß-Wj˚R G›j-RÙ-[-‡d-œ A∞l-T-RÙn
C˚Q-V˙U C⁄d-°-\-’. ˘R⁄ SÙP-Lj-ßu EP-]-• Gßo-
Æ˚] ˙TÙX Gp-˚X-L-[t\ C˚QVj-ßu Gß-˘WÙ-≠l◊
©W-™d-L-˚Yl-T-’.
˚Lj-Rh-P-¤d-œ UVe-LÙR Lo-U-˙VÙ-°-VÙp Uh-”˙U
L˚X˚V UÙo-˙TÙ-” CflL A˚Qj-’d ˘LÙi-” C˚Q-
Vj-ßp Rl-©j-’ ®t-L-‹m ÿ•-Ÿm. ˘LÙg-Nm ANk-RÙ-¤m
BW-YÙW Ys-[j-ßp A•j-’f Np-Xl-Th-” øoj-’l-˙TÙ-
C˚Q-Vm
C˚Q-Vm J⁄ Æ£j-ß-Wm. J⁄ Td-LmGi-Qt\ YN-ß-Ls ÍXm C≤V
ÿLe-L- [d LÙh-• Sm˚U U-°rf-£-´p Brj-’-°u-\-]. Cu-˘]Ù-⁄ Td-
Lm ˙ad-°e, vTÙm, BTÙ-Nm˙TÙu\ Yd-°W ÿLe-L-˚[d LÙh-•
Sm-˚Uj ’u-Tj-ßp Brj-’-°u-\].˚NTo d˚Wm G]l-T-”m C˚QV œt-
\e-L-˚[l Tt-±-Ÿm TÙ’-LÙl◊ SP-Y-•d-˚L-Ls Tt-±-Ÿm £±-R-[‹
Ce-œl TÙol-˙TÙm.
õ °˘W-•h LÙo”, ˘P©h LÙo”ÍXm C˚Q-Vj-ßp TQl T -UÙt-\e-Ls SPd-œm ˘TÙ›-’ LP-‹f-˘NÙp Es-TP LQd-œ ÆY-We-L-˚[j ß⁄-”-°u-\-]o.
õ TÙ≠-Vp √ß-VÙ] ˘RÙp-˚X-Ls.C˚QV Sh-◊-Ls YØ Ht-T-”°u-\-]. ˘Ti-L˚[ BTÙ-N-UÙ-LlTPm-©-•j-’ AR˚] C˚Q-Vj-ßp ˘Y∞-´-h”. ˘TiL˚[™Wh• Y⁄°\ÙoLs.
õ R˚P-˘Nn-Vl-ThP ˙TÙ˚Rl˘TÙ⁄s-L˚[ Æt-T˚] ˘Nn-Y-Rt-œm C˚Q-Vj-˚RlTVu-T-”j-’-°-\Ùo-Ls.
õ CYt˚\ÆPd ˘LÙ•-V-’, œZk-˚R-Ls ¡RÙ] TÙ≠-Vp RÙd-œ-Rp-Ls. £fl-Yo, £fl-™-Ls E˚W-VÙ-”m AWh˚P A˚\-Lfid-œf(Chatting) ˘Nu-fl Re-L-˚[dœZk-˚R-L-[Ù-L˙Y A±-ÿ-Lm˘Nn-°u-\-]o. ©\-œ AYo-L-∞u◊˚Ll-T-Pe-Ls, ≈h-”ÿL-Y-¨, Ts∞ ÿL-Y¨ G]
RL-Yp-L-˚[l T°o-°u-\-]o.
27
L-˚Yd-œm ATÙ-Vf —Øl-◊-L˙[ Aß-Lm.
C˚Q-Vj-ßp ÿd-LÙ-¤dœm Ut-Th-˙PÙo YV-’ Ut-flm
A‡-T-Ym LÙW-Q-UÙn, ÿß-WÙ-®˚X YÙN-Lo-L-˙[. A‡-
TY Í˚[-˚V-Æ-P-‹m YÙr-Æu RhT ˘Yl-Te-L-˚[d
LiP A‡-TY U]m °˚Pl-T-’m YÙ£j-’ A‡-T-Æd-
œm U]m °˚Pl-T-’m Ap-XYÙ AÈo-Ym. æÆW ÷hT
YÙ£l-◊d-œl TZd-Ll-TPÙRYo-L-fim Al-T-•˙V °˚Pj-
RÙ-¤m A˚R YÙ£j-’l T -X-Æ-V-XÙR Y˚Xf „Z-≠u
A›j-Rm LÙW-Q-UÙn, Aß-≠-⁄k-’ Rl-©dL C˚Q-Vj-
˚Rd L∞d˚L Y•-LÙ-XÙnl TÙol-T-Yo-L-fi˙U HWÙ-[m.
Cu-‡m LÙg-Nm ÿu-˙]-±, YÙ£l-˚Tl TZdLUÙd-°d
˘LÙiPYo-L-∞p T⁄m-TÙ- XÙ-⁄d-œ, CXd-°-Vm Tt-±V
©W˚U ¿•jR ’XÙd-˙LÙp ˘LÙi-” TÙod-˚L-´p, G›-
Rl-Th-•-⁄d-œm G›j-’d-Ls Gp-XÙm Ju-\Ù-L-‹m Su-\Ù-
L-‹m C⁄l-T-RÙ] LÙ]p ˙RÙt-\˙U ˘R -°-\-’. RWm Ak-
R-Wj-ßp ˘RÙe-°d-˘LÙi-•-⁄l-T-’ Li-‘d-œj Rl-©-Æ-
”-°-\-’. BL˙Y ÆUo-N] G›j-’ ÆRi-PÙ-YÙ-Rj- R˙V
Gß- WÙ-≠-VÙn G›l-◊-°-\-’. Ck-Rj æÆW ™R-YÙ-ß-L-fid-œ
A¨f--—Y-•-´-≠-⁄k-’ BWm-©j-’ Æ[d-œ-Y-Rt-œs
BŸ˙[ ÿ•k-’-Æ-”m. B]Ùp Li-¶-˚Ud-LÙ-’
˘YpX ÿ•-VÙd Lo-Yj-’-Pu LÙXj-’d-œm Rm ©¨V
G›j-RÙ-[o-L-fid-œf £\l-◊d LUÙi-˙PÙd-L-[Ùn C˚Q-
Vj-ßp CYo-Ls LÙY-¤d-œ ®u-fl- LÙi˙P C⁄l-TÙo-Ls.
W£-Lo Uu-\j Rt- LÙ- Xl-T- P- Vd LÙh-•-¤m TX-UÙ-]-’
ßWÙ-Æ-Pd LÙYt-T- P. CPm YXm æÆW CP-’ G]d Lh-£-
NÙo LUÙi- PÙd-L-∞u ßi- PÙs ß\m ˘NÙp≠ UÙ[Ù-’.
J˙W Bs Ju-T-’ I•˚V Yj-’d LÙi-” ÿt-˙TÙd-
œd Lßo-≈f-˚Nj ˙RN Gp-˚X-L-˚[-˘Vp-XÙm RÙi-•d
Li-Pm Æh-”d Li-Pm TWl-©d-˘LÙi-•-⁄l-TÙo. C˙R-
˙TÙp Ju-T-’ STo-Ls œ›-YÙn Ju-±- Qk-RÙp A’˙Y
C˚Q-Vj-ßu Aß-æ-ÆW CVd-L-UÙ-°-Æ-”m.
Gu-\Ù-¤m NY-Wd-L- Pd LÙj-ß-⁄l-©u Tj-ß- - Ll
◊Wh-P-XÙnj ß]k-˙RÙ-flm R[j-ßt-œ Yk-’-˙TÙ-˙YÙ-¨u
TÙ’-LÙl◊ YØ-Ls
õ GkR ®˚X-´-¤m ÿLm ˘R¨-VÙRSTo-L-∞-Pm Ee-Ls ˘RÙ˚X-˙T£Gi, ≈h-” ÿL-Y¨, Ts∞ ÿL-Y¨˙TÙu-\-Yt-˚\l T°ok-’-˘LÙs[˙Yi-PÙm.
õ @˙Tv-◊d ˙TÙu\ NÍ-Lj R[e-L-∞p A±-ÿ-Lm Cp-XÙ-R-Yo-L˚[Si-To-L-[Ù-Lf ˙NodL ˙Yi-PÙm.
õ A±-ÿ-Lm Cp-XÙR STo-Ls Ee-L˚[ ˙S¨p Nk-ßdL A˚Zj-RÙpUflj-’-Æ-”e-Ls.
õ øe-Ls Ut-\-Yo-L-fi-Pu AWh˚PA•l-T˚R AYo-Ls Tß‹ ˘Nn-Vd·”m Gu-T˚R U\-YÙ-æo-Ls.
õ A±-ÿ-Lm Cp-XÙ-R-Yo-L-fi-PuÿLm TÙoj-’ AWh˚P A•d-œmTZd-Lj-˚Rj RÆoj-’d ˘LÙs-fie-
Ls.
õ œZk-˚R-Ls, ˘Ti-Ls ◊˚Ll-T-Pe-L˚[ C˚Q-Vj-ßp T°o-Y-˚RjRÆod-L-‹m. Rt-˙TÙ-’ Es[˘RÙØp-÷h-Te-Ls ÍXm Ak-Rl◊˚Ll-T-Pe-L˚[ BTÙ-N-UÙL UÙt-\-XÙm Gu-T-˚R-Ÿm LY-]j-ßp˘LÙs-[-‹m.
õ Ee-Ls LP-‹f ˘NÙp˚Xl(password-I) ˘Tt-˙\Ùo-L-˚[jRÆW ˙Yfl VÙ¨-P-ÿm ˘R¨-ÆdL˙Yi-PÙm.
õ TQl T¨-UÙt-\e-Ls ˘Nn-Ÿm˘TÙ›-’ Ak-Rl TdLj-ßuÿL-Y-¨-˚Vl TÙ⁄e-Ls. http:://
G] C⁄k-RÙp Ee-Ls LÙoh ÆY-We-L-˚[d ˘LÙ”d-LÙ-æo-Ls. http://
Gu-fl C⁄k-RÙp Uh-”˙U TQl-T-¨-UÙt-\m ˘Nn-Ÿe-Ls. http://
Gu-T’ TÙ’-LÙl-TÙ] YØ-VÙ-œm.
28
Gi-¶d- L˚V Gp-XÙm æÆ-W-UÙL G”j-’d- LÙi-” ◊[-
°l-T-’ L˚P-£-´p LØ-Æ-WdLj-ß-˙X˙V ˘LÙi-”-Æ-”m.
Cu-]-ÿm BrkR YÙ£l-©t-LÙ-]-’ Af-—-Y-•-Y-˙U.
”Æh-P-¨p Ad-Ll-˙TÙ˙W Aß-Lm G≤-‡m, 140 Rh-Pp-L-
fid-œs EVo S˚Lf-—-˚Y-˚V-Ÿm LÆj-’Y ˘Y∞l-TÙ-”-
L-˚[-Ÿm LÙQ-XÙm. 140 ˙L˘Wd-Po-L-fid-œs G›j-ßu
˙L˘Wd-P˚W Y∞l-T-”j-’-Y-’ Gu-T-’ BLl- T- V NYÙp.
Tp-¤-˚Pl-◊d Lh-”˚W hÆhP¨p G›-Rl T¶d-Ll-Th-
PÙp ˘UÙØ ˘Y∞l-TÙh-•p ·o˚U YW YÙnl-◊i-”.
”Æh-P¨u TVuTÙ-” R≤-S-T- u Y∞l-TÙh- Pj RÙi-
•l ˘TÙ’ Ad-L-˚\-Ls NÙok-’ CVe-L-‹m CPm ˘LÙ”d-
L-Yp-X-’. œ±l-©hP ®Lr‹ Ap-X-’ ˘TÙ⁄s œ±jR
ÿ˚]l-˚Tj æÆ-Wl-T-”j-ßl ˙TÙWÙhP Y•-Y-UÙd° EX-
°u LY-]j˚R Dod-L-‹m YØ-Ÿs-[-’. 140 Rh-Pp-Lfid-
œs H˙R-‡m Ko CPj-ßp ˛ ˘T⁄m-TÙ-¤m Cfl-ß-´p ˛
J˙W YÙoj-˚R-˚Vd œ±l-©-”m ”Æh-”-Ls h˘Wi-•e
Gu-‡m A[-≈h-•u-T-• Gi-¶d- L- p Ef-Nj˚R Gh-”-
Y-˚Rf —h-•d LÙh-P-XÙm. ”Æh-Po EX-Lm G˚Rl Tt±
Aß-Lm ˙T—-°-\-’ Gu-T-Ru ÍXm FP-Le-L-∞u LY-]j-
˚Rd LYW YÙnl-◊s-[-’. CkR Y˚L-´p N¡-Tj-ßV G”j-
’d-LÙh-PÙ-Lj R™-ZL ¡]-Yo-Ls CXe- Ld LPt-T- P-VÙp
—h-”d LÙp-Xl-T-”-Y-Rt-œ Gßol◊ R -Æj-’ EXL A[-
Æp Gß-˘WÙ-≠jR ”Æh-Po œW-˚Xd ·\-XÙm.
C˚R-Æ-P-‹m Aß-L-UÙn G›R ÿL-Ë-≠u LY-⁄m A˚R-
Æ-P-‹m ø[-UÙn G›R ARu œ±l-˙T-”m CPm-˘LÙ-”d-
°u-\-]. G≤-‡m CWi-” FP-Le-L-∞p ©k-˚R-V-Ru
≈f˙N Aß-Lm. B]Ùp ”Æh-P˚W Jl-©h-PÙp ÿL-Ë≠u
æÆW ˘Y∞l-TÙ-” œ˚\‹ Gu˙\ ˙RÙu-fl-°-\-’. C˚Q-
Vj-ßu YÙN-Lo-Ls T⁄m-TÙ-¤m Jt˚\ Y¨ CWh˚P Y -
˙VÙ-” ®flj-ßd-˘LÙs-T-Yo-Ls Gu-‡m œt-\fNÙh-”d-œl
˘TÙ⁄jR ERÙ-W-Q-UÙn ÿL-Ë-˚X˙V ·\ ˙Yi-”m.
®˚Xf ˘Nnß Gu-‡m œflg- Nn-ß-L- [l T•l- TÙ˙W
Aß-Lm. B]Ùp œ˚\kR A[-Æp-RÙu Gu-\Ù-¤m æÆW
ÆYÙ-Re-Ls ÿL-Ë-≠p SPl-T-˚R-Ÿm —h-PÙ-Up ˙TÙY-’
˚NTo d˚W-™p Ht-fld-˘LÙs-[l-T-”m ◊LÙo-Ls
õ Ci-Po-˘Sh LP-‹f-˘NÙp
ß⁄h-”.
õ Af-—-flj-’m ™u-]g-Np-Ls.
õ C˚QVl ©u-˘RÙ-Po-Rp (Cyber
Stalking) (TÙ≠-Vp √ß-´-XÙ]˘RÙp-˚X-Ls, ˙Y˘\Ù-⁄-Yo Ee-L-˚[l ˙TÙX C˚Q-Vj-ßp EX-‹-Y-’, ™Wh-Pp-Ls B°-V-˚Y-L-fim APe-œm).
õ œZk-˚R-Ls Yu-˘LÙ-”˚U/
BTÙNj R[e-Ls.
õ LPu Ah˚P Gi ß⁄h-”.
õ Y˚Xj-R[jßp A‡-U-ß´u±
Eh-◊-œ-Rp.
29
®VÙ-V-Up-X. Gp-XÙ-Yt-±-¤m L˚P-£-´p Gg-—-Y-’ R≤-S-
T˙W Gu-T’ -˙TÙp ÆYÙ-ßd-œm ˘TÙ⁄-fim STo-L- [-
Ÿm NÙok˙R ÆYÙ-Rj-ßu æÆ-W-ÿm Æ[e-œ-°-\-’.
°h-Pj-RhP Cflß Íf˚N C›j-R-T-• C⁄d-œm ·œs
©[v Gu-T-’ ·• ÆYÙ-ßdL BLf £\kR CPm Gu-\Ù-
¤m CWi-PÙm Íu-\Ùm E˚Wd ∏t-±- X˙V ÆYÙ-Rj-ßu
æÆ-Wj˚R CZd-L- YdL Et-NÙ-Lj-’-Pu °i-P-¤m L≠-
Ÿ-UÙn K•-Y-⁄-˙YÙ˙W HWÙ-[m. AYo-L-˚[f NÙp-≠-Ÿm
œt-\-™p- X. Y˚X A›j-Rj-ßp C⁄k-’ Rl-©dL C˚P-
´-˚P-´p C˚[l-TÙ\ Gh-•l TÙol-˙TÙ˙W A˙S-Lo.
AYo-L-∞-Pm æÆWj˚R Gßo-TÙol-T-’ A±-YÙokR UPj-
R-]m.
C˚Y-V-˚]j-˚R-Ÿm LT-«-L-Wm-˘Nn-’ K¨-Pj-ßp LÙi-”-
YW ·œs ©[v ÿVp-°-\-’. ÆVÙ-TÙ-Wl TÙh-•- u LÙW-
Q-UÙn G›j-˙RÙ-” Nok-’ ”Æh-Po ◊˚Ll-T-Pm TÙP
YØ-˘Nn-°-\-’. ©[Ù˚L Ád-°f NÙl-©-Pd Lh-Pt\ CPm-
˘LÙ -”j -’ Gq-Y-[ -‹m G›-ßd-˘LÙs Gu-° -\ -’
ÿL-Ëp.
B]Ùp C˚Y-V-˚]j-’m Y˚Xj-R-[j-ßp G›ß Y∞-
´-Pl-Th-•-⁄l-T-˚Rf —h-•-´u ÍXm A±-ÆdL C˚Y
˙T⁄-R-Æ-VÙn C⁄d-°u-\-].
J›e-L-˚U-ß˚V ˙Ut-TÙo-˚Y-´P B£-¨-Vo-œ-› C⁄l-
T-Ru LÙW-Qj-RÙp Af-—l Tj-ß-¨-˚L-L-∞p Td-Lf NÙo-◊-
Ls C⁄l-©-‡m A•l-T-˚Pj RWm ˙TQ C⁄d-œm
YÙnl◊ C˚Q-Vj-ßp Cp-XÙR ˘T⁄m œ˚\.
Af-—l ©W-ß, G›-Rl-Th-•-⁄l-T-˚Rl Tt± BWmT YÙN-L-
≤-Pm Ht-T-”j-’m Br-U] Ae-∏-LÙWm A[l-T-¨-V-’.
C˚QV G›j-’ A±-ÿ-L-™p-XÙR ˘RÙPd-Lj-ßp C[d-
LÙ-Wj-˚R˙V Gßo-˘LÙi-PÙP ˙Yi-•-´-⁄d-°-\-’. G’-
‹˙U ˘RÙPokR CVd-Lj-ß-¤m C⁄j-R-≠-¤m Uh-”˙U
Y¤l- T-flm Gu-T-’ Æß-VÙL C⁄d- L- p C˚Q-Vm Uh-
”m CRt-œ Æß-Æ-Xd-LÙL C⁄dL ÿ•-Ÿ-UÙ?
Y˚Xl-ÈdLs
CkR Ët-\Ùi˚P C˚QV Ët-
\Ùi-PÙ-Ld ˘LÙi-PÙ-P-XÙm.
C˚QV AL-WÙß, C˚Q-Vd œ›-
Um, C˚QV Y¶-Lm Gu-fl Gp-XÙ-
˙U -C-˚QVYØ C˚Q-‹-L-[Ù-Ll
T¨-Q-™j-’ Y⁄-°u\]. Cq-Y- - N-
´p ˚Yj-’ Gi-Qj-RdL A[-Æt-œ
Y˚Xl-Èd-Ls C˚Q-Vj-ßp YXm
Yk-’ ˘LÙi-•-⁄d-°u-\-].
Y˚Xl-È-‹mC˚Q-V-R-[-ÿm
Be-°-Xj-ßp Blogger Gu-T-˚Rj
R™-Øp Y˚XlÈ Gu-fl œ±l-©-”-
°u-\-]o. C’ C˚Q-V-R-[m
˙TÙu˙\ ˘NVp-T-Pd ·•-V-’. G≤-
‡m C˚Q-V-R-[j-˚Rd LÙh-•-¤m
£\l-◊-˚P-V-RÙ-L˙Y CR-˚]d L⁄R
˙Yi-”m.
C˚Q-V-R-[j˚R ˘Yt-±-L-W-UÙL
CVd-œ-Rp G∞-Ru-fl. B]Ùp
CYo-L-[Ùp Y˚Xl-Èd-L˚[ G∞-
RÙL E⁄-YÙd° ®o-Y-°dL ÿ•-Ÿm.
C˚Q-V-R-[j-ßp Tß-˙Yt-\m ˘Nn-
Vd-·-•V A˚]j-˚R-Ÿm Y˚Xl-È-
Ƥm Tß-˙Yt-\m ˘Nn-V-ÿ-•-Ÿm.
C˚Q-V-R-[j˚R E⁄-YÙd-L-‹m ®o-
Y-°d-L-‹m Aß-Ll ˘TÙ⁄h-˘N-X‹
Ht-T-”m. B]Ùp Y˚Xl-È˚Y
E⁄-YÙd-L-˙YÙ, ®o-Y-°d-L˙YÙ
˘TÙ⁄h-˘N-X‹ H’-™p-˚X.
˘TÙ⁄h-˘N-X‹ Cp-XÙ-U-˙X˙V J⁄-
Yo Rm £k-R-˚]-L˚[ C˚Q-Vj-
ßp Y˚XlÈ Y•-Æp EXYÆP
ÿ•-Ÿm. Af-£k-R-˚]-Ls œ±jR
©uÚhPe-L-˚[l (feed back)
˘T\ CV-¤m.
30
ÆW- Xi-¶d- L- -XÙ] G›j-RÙ-[o-L- [j RÆW, TV-WÙL
®˚Xj-’-ÆhP ˘T⁄m-TÙu-˚Ul T˚Pl-TÙ-∞-Ls R[e-Ls
˘Y∞l-TÙ-”-L-[ÙL Cp-XÙ-Up Yflm ©W-ß-T-≠l-◊-L-[Ùn Gg£
-®t-T-’ HUÙt-\-˙U.
C˚Q-Vj-ßu CX-YN YÙ£l◊ ◊j-RL Æt-T-˚]-˚Vl TÙßd-
œm Gu-T-’ KW-[-Æt-œ Ei-˚U-RÙu. ARt-LÙL ˘Ys-˘[-
›j-’d Li-QÙ-•-L-∞u Æt-T˚] A˙UÙ-L-UÙ-Lh-”m Gu-fl
Uk-ß-¨j-’j RÙVj-’ Lh-•d-˘LÙs[ ÿ•-ŸUÙ Gu-]? Y⁄e-
LÙ-Xj-ßp L⁄-Æ-≠-⁄d-œm E⁄-Ym —⁄i-” Rh-Pf-—l-T-•˙V
˘Y∞- p Yk-RÙ-¤m ÆVl-Tp-X.
Cu-‡m Cu-‡m Gu-fl C˚QV YÙ£l◊ Gßo-LÙ-Xj-ßp Tp-
°l- T-⁄-œ-Y-Rt-LÙ] YÙnl◊ A’ CX-Y-N-UÙnd °˚Pd-°-\’
Gu-T-RÙp Uh-”˙U Au-fl. Ak-®-Vl TQj-˚Rf NRÙ E⁄-
UÙt-±d LQd-°h-”d ˘LÙi-•-⁄d-œm ˘NÙkR ≈h-PÙo
˙TÙX˙Y Tßl-T-Le-L-fim H˙RÙ ˘Ys-˚[d-LÙ-W-‡d-œ ÆtT-’
˙TÙu\ TÙY- ]- p Tu-U-Pe-œ Æ˚X- Vt± Æt-T-’m J⁄
LÙW-Qm. Al-©j-Rl© YÙe-°V Af-—l ©W-ß-L˚[ ÆUÙ-]j-
ßp G”j-’f-˘Np-Y-Rt-œm ß⁄m-Td ˘LÙi-”-Y-⁄-Y-Rt-œm
—dœ LÙl-T-Qm —˚U ·≠ ÿd-LÙl-T-Qm Gu-fl Ri-Pm
AZ ˙Yi-•-´-⁄l-T-˚Rd L¶-≤d-œs Gl-˙TÙ-’m ÆØj-R-
T-• TÙoj-ß-⁄d-œm C˚Q-Vj-ßu C∞l◊ Cu- ]Ù-⁄ LÙW-Qm.
Ak-®V Ui-¶p B -Wm YN-ß-Ls °˚Pj-RÙ-¤m Y´t- \d
LPkR U]m Ru A˚P-VÙ-[j-˚Rj Ru Ui-¶-˙X˙V Rd-L-
˚Yj-’d ˘LÙs-[l TÙol-T-’ C˚QV YÙ£l-©t-LÙ] Aß-
ÿd-°-Vd LÙW-Q-UÙ-œm.
Af-—l Tj-ß-¨-˚L-´p ˘Y∞-VÙ-°l ◊j-R-L-UÙ-]Ùp RÙu Ae-
∏-LÙ-Wm Gu-‡m Rt-LÙX VRÙoj-Rj˚R ÿt-LÙ-Xj R˚X-ÿ-˚\-
´u ÍP Sm-©d-˚L-VÙn Bd-Ll ˙TÙœm Gßo-LÙ-Xm
˘RÙ˚XÁWj-ßp Cp-˚X.
˛ ÆUXÙßjR UÙUpXu
E⁄-YÙd-Lm
Y˚Xl-Èd-L˚[ Y•-Y-˚Uj-’f˘NVp-T-”j-’-Y-Rt-LÙ] L⁄-Æ-L-˚[-Ÿm CP-Y-N-ß-´-˚]-Ÿm VÙ·, Gm.-
Gv.-Gu., √•@l-˘U-´p ˙TÙu\ TX®fl-Y-]e-Ls YZe-œ-°u-\-]. G≤-‡m ·œs ®fl-Y-]j-ßu ©[Ùd-Lo
(Blogger) Gu-T˙R TW-Y-XÙ-Ll TVu-TÙh-•p Es-[-’.
◊ß-V-RÙL Y˚Xl-È˚Y E⁄-YÙdLÆ⁄m-◊-°u-\-Yo-Ls Íu-fl T•-®-˚X-
L-˚[j RY-\Ù-Up ©u-Tt\ ˙Yi-
”m. A˚Y:
1) Create an account
2) Name your blog
3) Choose a template
Cl-T-•-®-˚X-L-˚[l TVu-T-”jßY˚Xl-Èd-Ls ˙Yi-•-V-YÙ-fl Y•-Y-
˚Uj-’d ˘LÙs-[-XÙm.
œ±l-©-Pj-RdL Y˚Xl-Èd-Ls
R™-Øp B´-Wd-L-Qd-LÙ] Y˚Xl-Èd-Ls C⁄k-RÙ-¤m AYt-±p œ±l-
©-Pj-RdL £X:
R™rl Èd-Ls
tamilpukkal.blogspot.com
UÙ≤-Pu
manidal.blogspot.com
ß⁄-Uu-±p
thirumandril.blogspot.com
U˚X-V-⁄Æ
nailango.blogspot.com.
malaiaruvikavithai.blogspot.com
31
@ C˚Q-V-R-[j-ß]Ùp Æ˚[-Y’ Su-˚UVÙ? æ˚UVÙ? Gu-T’ œ±j-’l
Th-•-Uu\m SPj-’-L.
@ ∏r-Y-⁄m Tjߨ˚Lf˘Nnß Tt±V EeLs L⁄j’L˚[ ”ÆhP¨p
˘Y∞´”m T•VÙL G›R‹m.
ÆUXÙßjR UÙUpXu
1960 Cp ˘Nu˚]´p ©\kRÙo. UjßV AW£u LXÙp’˚\´p T¶
◊¨kRYo. ÆUXÙßjR UÙUpXu LÆ˚RLs, A±VÙR ÿLeLs, E´oj
˘R›Rp, ÿPYu Y[ojR ˘Ys˚[l ◊\ÙdLs B°V˚Y CYW’
£flL˚Rj ˘RÙœßL[Ùœm. C˚QVÿm CXd°Vÿm Gu\ CYW’
Lh”˚W LÙXf—Y” CRØp ˘Y∞VÙ] Lh”˚WVÙœm.
TÙ°vRÙu, ∫]Ù˚YÆP
◊’˘Pp≠, N, 24: CuPo˘Sh TVuT”j’Yßp∫]Ù, TÙ°vRÙ˚]ÆPCkßVÙÆp C˚QV R[—RkßWm AßLm GuflEXL Y˚X C˚QV ®flY]m ·±Ÿs[’.
EXL Y˚X C˚QV ®flY]m 2009 Bm Bi”No •m ˘To]ov ƒVÙp’YdLlThP’. CkR ®flY]m EXLm ÿ›Y’mC˚QVR[ ET˙VÙLmTt± Bn‹ Nn’ Bi”˙RÙflm ˘Y∞´h” Y⁄°\’. ˘Yl CiPdvG]lT”m BnÆp EXLSÙ”L∞p C˚QVj˚RTVuT”j’Y’, C˚QV—RkßWm, ˘Y∞lT˚PjRu˚U, C˚QVm TVuT”jR Lh”lTÙ”Ls,
˙RP¤dœ ˘TÙ⁄jRUÙ]◊s∞ÆTWeLs, AW—A‡Uß ˙TÙu\ ©¨‹L∞u ∏r Bn‹ NnVlThP’.Cßp 81 SÙ”Ls Bn‹dœ G”j’d˘LÙs[l
ThP]. CkR BnÆp 100◊s∞LfiPu —≈PuSÙ”ÿRpCPj˚Rl ©•jR’.SÙo˙Y 2 Bm CPj˚RŸm © hPu 3 Bm CPj˚RŸm ©•j’s[]. A˘U¨dLÙ 4 Bm CPjßpEs[’. CkßVÙ 56Y’
CPjßp Es[’. ∫]Ù‹dœ 57Y’ CPÿm TÙ°vRÙ‡dœ 77Bm CPÿm°˚Pj’s[’. CkßVÙÆp C˚QVj˚R TVuT”j’TYoL∞u Gi¶d˚L 20 ˙LÙ• ∫]ÙUtflm A˘U¨dLÙÆp
C ˚ Q V mT V u T ” j ’˙YÙo Gi¶d˚L ÿ˚\˙V 30˙LÙ• Utflm 20.7
˙LÙ•. CkßVÙÆp C˚QVm TVuT”j’˙YÙo 32.4NR≈RUÙL‹m, ∫]ÙÆp31.1 , TÙ°vRÙ≤p 10.4NR≈RUÙL Es[’.
CkßVÙÆp C˚QVR[TVuTÙh•p —RkßWmUtflm ˘Y∞lT˚PjRu˚U 49.5 NR≈Rm,
A‡Uß 31 .2 NR≈Rm.◊s∞ ÆTWeLs °˚PlT’ 22.6 NR≈Rm BLEs[’. ∫]ÙÆp C˚QVR[ TVuTÙh•p —Rk
ßWm Utflm Y∞l T˚PjRu˚U 5.3 NR≈Rm, A‡Uß 31.2, ◊s∞ ÆT WeLs°˚PlT’ 46.8 NR≈RUÙLEs[’. TÙ°vRÙ≤p÷˚Z‹ 21.3, ◊s∞ ÆTWeLs °˚PlT’ 12.4 ,C˚QV —RkßWm 9.8 NR≈RUÙL Es[’ GuflBnÆp ˘R¨V Yk’s[’.
˘NVpTÙ”Ls
@ C˚QVR[m, Y˚Xl-Èd-Ls CYt-±t-°-˚P˙V Es[ ˙Yfl-TÙ”L˚[ ÆYÙ-ßj’d œ±l◊ RVÙ-¨d-L.
@ C˚QVR[-ÿm C[k-R-˚X-ÿ-˚\-´-]-⁄m Gu-‡m R˚Xl-©pL⁄j-R-We-Ld Lh-”˚W RVÙo ˘Nn-L. Lh”˚W˚V Y˚XlÈÆp˘Y∞´”L.
31
32
Tf˚N YVp
(ß-˚Wd-L˚R ˛ YN-]m)
LÙh£ ˛ 1
(LÙ˚X- ˙S-Wm : Ro-ÿ-Æu ≈” ˘Y∞l-◊-\m)
(LRÙ-TÙj-ß-We-Ls : Ro-ÿ, ∫RÙ UÙ™, WÙ_Ù-WÙm)
(Ro-ÿ-Æu ≈”, Ro-ÿ °Qt-\-•- p ’¶-L- [j ’˚Yj-’ EXoj-ßd LÙi-” C⁄d-
°-\Ùs. ∫RÙUÙ™ £k-R- ]-Ÿ-Pu Y∞l-T-P- Xj ß\k-’ LÙi-” Es˙[ ÷˚Zk’
ÁWUÙL ®u-fl Ro-ÿ-˚Yl TÙod-°-\Ùs. Ro-ÿ, ˙Yfl-◊-\m ß⁄m©l ◊˚P- Y- Vd
˘LÙ•- p ©¨j-’ Æh-P-T-•...)
Ro-ÿ : YÙe-˙LÙ, Hu Ae-˙L˙V ®d-L-˙\s?
∫RÙ UÙ™ RVe-°-V-T-• Ae˙L A⁄-°p Yk-’ ’¶ ’˚Yd-œm Lp-≠p
Eh-LÙ-⁄-°-\Ùs. Ro-ÿ ˘RÙPok-’ ’¶-L˚[ ER± EXoj-ß-V-T-• ∫RÙ UÙ™-
Ÿ-Pu ˙T—-°-\Ùs.
∫RÙ : °⁄xQÙ ˘WÙmT U]Y-⁄j-Rj-˙RÙP ß⁄m-©l ˙TÙ´h-PÙi-•.
Ro-ÿ : SÙu ·P ˘WÙmT Aß-L-UÙ] U]-Y-⁄j-Rj-˙RÙP RÙu UÙ™ ß⁄m© Yk-
’h-˙Pu.
∫RÙ : AYu ˙Lh-P-ß˙X Gu-]-•-VmUÙ RY-fl? Lh-•-˙XÙP Lh-•XÙ °Pd-°\
J⁄ ˘Ti-˚Q-Ÿm ·P˙Y ·h-•i-”-RÙu Y⁄-˙Yu-‡ ˘NÙu]Ù Ck-
Rd LÙXj-ß˙X Lp-VÙ-Qm Ti-¶d-°\ TVu-Ls Nm-U-ßl-TÙ-]Ù-•-Vm-UÙ?
Ro-ÿ : Au-]j˚R Gu] Ti-Q-XÙm? C˙RÙ CkRd °Qj-ß˙X ©•f-—j Rs-∞-
Æh-” AY-⁄d-œ L›j˚R LÙh-Ph-”-UÙ? AlT AYo Gu˚] Nk-˙RÙ-
`UÙ Hj-’l-TÙ-WÙ?
∫RÙ : Au-]j˚R Gu-]-RÙu Ti-Qf NÙp-˙\s? AY-˙[ÙP CkR ®˚X Ee-
L-fid-œm R -Ÿm-RÙ- ]? AYs RÙh-•-≠p T”j-’dL˚X˙V RÆW AY
J⁄ œZk-˚R. TÙh-•p TÙp œ•d-L-\˙RÙ Cp-˚X˙VÙ WÙj-ß-¨-ÈWÙ RÙn-U-•-
´˙X R˚X˚V Yf-—i-” Áeœ˙U œZk-˚R, A’-UÙ-ß-¨, Gu-˙]ÙP vT-
¨-Nm AY ˙U˙X Th-”i˙P C⁄d-L-‘m-‡ AY Gßo-TÙoj-’ He-°i-”
33
°Pd-°\ J⁄ SÙVÙ-∞. AY˚[ Æh-”h-” YÙ• Eu˚] Lp-VÙ-Qm Ti-
¶d-L- \u-‡ NÙu] A˚R Gl-T-• Hj-’dL ÿ•-Ÿm? U]-ß˙X J⁄ U≤-
RÙ-©-UÙ] EQo‹ ˙Yi-PÙ-UÙ?
(CkR E˚W-VÙ-P˚X _u-]p A⁄-°p T”j-ß-⁄d-œm Au-]m ˙Lh-P-T-•
A›-°-\Ùs.)
∫RÙ : AYu Ru-˙]ÙP ÿ•-˚Yf ˘NÙp-≠-Æh-”l ˙TÙ´h-PÙu. Au-]j˚R
Ge-LÙ-Y-’ ®Wk-R-WUÙ ASÙ˚R B£--WUj-ß˙X ˙Noj-’h-” . . .
Ro-ÿ : ˙Yi-PÙm. CkR UÙߨ ˙UÙN-UÙ] ˙VÙN-˚]-L-˚[-˘Vp-XÙm ˙T£i-”
RV‹ ˘Nn-’ Ce˙L YW ˙Yi-PÙm.
∫RÙ : Eu ©•-YÙ-Rj˚R ÆP-UÙh-•-˙V. ˙Y\ Gu-]-RÙi-• Ti-\RÙ Ej-˙R-Nm?
Ro-ÿ :Lx-Pe-L-˙[ÙP Gßoj-’l ˙TÙWÙ-Pl ˙TÙ˙\u. EPm-©˙X Y¤ C⁄d-L\
Y˚W-´˙X ˙TÙWÙ-”-˙Yu.
∫RÙ : ø Gd- L-” Lh˙PÙ TÙ. C≤˙U CkR Æ -Vj-ß˙X SÙu G’d-œj R˚X-
´-Pl ˙TÙ˙\u? Eu R˚X-˘V-›j-’ G’˙YÙ ARu-T-•-RÙu SPd-œm.
˘WÙmT Lx-Pl-T-P-±˙V ET-LÙ-Wm Ti-Q-XÙm-‡ TÙoj-˙Ru.
Ro-ÿ : ˙Ru ·” KWUÙ ˙TÙL-˙Yi-PÙm. Au-≤d-œ KWUÙ ˙TÙn ˙R… ’Wjß
K•- ]- [? ∏˙Z Æ›k-’ LÙVm-Th-”d LÙi-” EPm◊ ÈWÙ Ro-ÿ Y[od-
œm ˙R… ˘LÙh-•-”j-’u-‡ ˘NÙu-˙]s.
∫RÙ : Gu˚] Gu] ≈” ≈PÙ TÙn Ym◊ TN-\-Ys-‡ NÙp-XÙU NÙp-±VÙ?
34
Ro-ÿ : I˙VÙ, Ee-L[ Ym◊ ˙TN-˙\s-‡ ˘NÙp≠-Æh-” SÙu CkR FoX C⁄dL
ÿ•-Ÿ-UÙ?
∫RÙ : ø ˙T—-˙Y-•-VmUÙ...
(∫RÙUÙ™ ˘Y∞- V-fl-°-\Ùs. Ro-ÿ ¡ß ’¶-L˚[ YÙ∞-´p ˙TÙh-” AX-
£d ˘LÙi˙P R]d-œs ˙T£d ˘LÙs-°-\Ùs.)
Ro-ÿ : ˚L, LÙp Æ[e-LÙU YV-’ YkR ˘TÙi-‘ J⁄jß Lh-•-˙XÙP °Pd-LÙ.
AYs Al-T-•˙V TÙh-”h-” CY-‡d-œd L›jR øh-•]Ù SpX TÙi‘,
Cp-˚Xu]Ù ˘TÙp-XÙ-R-Y. AY-fid-œ Gu] YØ Ti-‘-’e-L-\j-’d-œ
U≤-RÙ-©-UÙ-]j-˙RÙP J⁄ ˙VÙN˚] ˘NÙpX ÿ•-V-X. ˚TV˚] A˚Zf-
—i-” YWÙ-[Ùm ˚TV˚] . . .
(Ro-ÿ RÙ˙] ˙T£d-˘LÙi-” C⁄l-T-˚Rd ˙Lh-”d-˘LÙi˙P WÙ_Ù-WÙm
Ae˙L Yk-’ ®t-°-\Ùu. J⁄ ’¶˚V ER± ˘LÙ•-´p EXoj-’m ˙TÙ’
AY -]l TÙoj-’-Æh-” TW-T-Wl-T-˚P-°-\Ùs. ˘S°rkR B˚P-˚Vf N¨
˘Nn’ ˘LÙi-” AY˚] YW-˙Yt-°-\Ùs.
WÙ_Ù-WÙm Es˙[ ÷˚Z-Y˚R ∫RÙ UÙ™ J⁄ UÙß-¨-VÙ-Ll TÙoj-R-T-•˙V
˘Y∞- V-fl-°-\Ùs.)
Ro-ÿ : YÙeL . . . YÙeL . . .
WÙ_Ù- : Gu] Ro-ÿ! ø TÙhX E]d-œ ø˙V ˙T£d-˘LÙi-” ®d-L-˙\?
Ro-ÿ : A’ Ji-‘-™p-˚X. Es˙[ YÙe-L.
(WÙ_Ù-WÙm ©u RÙPok-’ Es˙[ Y⁄-°-\Ùu. Ae˙L °PkR vÂp Ju˚\
SLoj-ßl ˙TÙ”-°-\Ùs Ro-ÿ. Ad-LÙ-Æu TW-T-Wl-˚T-Ÿm Et-NÙ-Lj-˚R-Ÿm
Lh-•-≠p Eh-LÙok-R-T-•˙V Au-]m LY-≤d-°-\Ùs.)
WÙ_Ù : ˙St-fl ˘NbuX TÙoj-˙Ru. ƒ‹u-‡ ˘NÙu-]Ùe-L. Cu-≤d-œ ˘Nd`u
Td-L˙U YW-ÿ-•-V-˚X. ARÙu TÙoj-’h-”l ˙TÙLXÙm-‡ Yk-˙Ru. Gu]
Æ˙N-`m?
Ro-ÿ : Ee-L-fid-œj ˘R¨-VÙRÙ Gu] Æ˙N-`m . . .
˙T£d- LÙi˙P Es˙[ YkR WÙ_Ù-WÙm, Au-]j-ßu A⁄-°p Yk-’ ®ufl
L˚Xk-’ ˙TÙ´-⁄kR AYs ˙LNj˚R N¨ ˘Nn-’ Æh-” .
WÙ_Ù- : Gu-]mUÙ Gl-T-• C⁄d-˙L?
WÙ_Ù-WÙm Cl-T-•d Lh-P-‹-Pu Au-]m A›-°-\Ùs. AY˚[ AYu NUÙ-
RÙ-]m ˘Nn-°-\Ùu.
35
WÙ_Ù- : Hu AZ-˙\? AZd-·-PÙ-’.
Ro-ÿ : Cl-T-•j-RÙu NÙo, Gl-Tl TÙoj-RÙ-¤m G˚R-VÙ-Y-’ ®˚]f-—i-” AZ-\Ù,
B]Ù, Hu AZ-\Ù, G’d-œ AZ-\Ùe-L-\˙R R¨-V-UÙh-˙Pe-œ-’. AY U]-
—d-œs˙[ ◊œkRÙ TÙodL ÿ•-Ÿm? A¤j-’ N≠j-’ ≈h-”d-œ YkRÙ CY
AZ-\-Rl TÙod-œm˙TÙ’ YÙrd- L˙V Yflj-’l ˙TÙ´-P-\-’.
WÙ_Ù- : AZd-·-PÙ-’ Au-]m! ø AZ\-’-]ÙX Eu-˚]f —t± C⁄d-L-\-YÙ-fid-œm
Ne-L-Pm-RÙ-˙]?
(Ro-ÿ Es˙[ Nu-fl J⁄ Pm-[-¨p º RVÙ-¨j-’d-˘LÙi-” Y⁄-°-\Ùs. A˚R WÙ_Ù-
WÙ-U-≤-Pm ˘LÙ”j-’-Æh-” Ut-˘\Ù-⁄ Pm-[-¨p Au-]j-’d-œj R⁄-°-\Ùs. A˚R
AYs CPd-˚L-´-]Ùp YÙe-°d œ•d-œm-˙TÙ˙R L S”e-œ-°-\-’. º U˙X £k-’-
°-\-’. Ro-ÿ A⁄-°p Yk-’ Eh-LÙok-’ A˚R AY-fid-œl ◊Lh-”-°-\Ùs.
A˚R AY-fid-œl ◊Lh-•d ˘LÙi˙P LW-L-Wl-TÙ] ˘RÙ≤-´p ˙T—-°-\Ùs.)
Ro-ÿ : CY[ Ge-LÙ-Y-’ ASÙ˚R B£-W-Uj-ß˙X Æh-”h-” YkRÙ Gu˚] Lp-VÙ-
Qm Ti-¶d-L-\RÙ ˘NÙu] Nj-◊j-Wu J⁄j-Ru ˘Uh-WÙv- X-⁄k-’ ˙Sj-
ßd-œ Gu-˚]l ˘Ti TÙodL Yk-RÙu. UÙ’-£-˙WÙu-U¶ ∫RÙ UÙUı-´u
£TÙ- -—.
WÙ_Ù : Lp-VÙ-Qm Ti-¶dL ˙Yi-•-V-’-RÙu. B]Ùp U≤-RÙ-©-UÙ-]-™p-XÙR
AkR ®Tk-R˚] Aj-R˚] N¨-VÙl-T-P-˚X˙V!
Ro-ÿ : SÙu N -VÙ] Tßp NÙp-X- Xu-‡ ∫RÙUÙ™d-œ Gu ˙UX ˙LÙTm. SÙu Cl-
T-• C’d-œ ÿu-]ÙX CWi-” YWu-L-˚[-Ÿm ˙Yi-PÙm Gu-fl ˘NÙp-≠-
´-⁄d-˙Lu.
LÙh£ ˛ 2
(TLp : UÙod-˘Lh
˘Y∞l-◊-\m)
(LRÙ-TÙj-ß-We-Ls : Ro-ÿ, WÙ_Ù-WÙm, Au-]m)
(Ro-ÿ-‹m, WÙ_Ù-WÙ-ÿm UÙod- Lh-•p LÙn-L± YÙe-œ-°-\Ùo-Ls. TL-∞p A˚R G”j-
’d- LÙi-” SPd-°-\Ùo-Ls. NÙ˚X- VÙ-W-UÙL S˚P-TÙ- R- p ˙T£-V-T-• SPd-°-\Ùo-Ls.)
Ro-ÿ : J⁄ Y⁄-`j-’d-œ ˙U˙X ˙NXj-ß˙X ºf-NWÙ C⁄k-R-˙TÙ’ J⁄ TQd-LÙW
YÙ≠-Tu Gu-˚]˙V —j-ßf-—jß Yk-RÙu. ˘WÙmT SpX ˚TVu-RÙu.
AY˙]ÙP LÙRp Bo-Yj-˚Rl TÙod-œm-˙TÙ-’ CYu Gl-T-•-Ÿm Gu
L›jßp RÙ≠ Lh-PÙU ÆP-UÙh-PÙu ˙TÙXj ˙RÙu-fl-°-\˙R Gu-fl Gu
U]-— ·P ˘U’YÙ AY˚] Æ⁄mT BWm-©j-R-’.
36
(Ko CPj-ßp Ro-ÿ-‹m, WÙ_Ù-WÙ-ÿm ˙T£d ˘LÙi-” ˙TÙY˚R ∫RÙ UÙ™ TÙod-°-
\Ùs. TÙoj-’-Æh-” J⁄ UÙß- -VÙ-Lj R˚X˚V Bh-”-°-\Ùs.)
J⁄ SÙ˚[d-œ Cl-T-•j-RÙu, Gu Uu-UR WÙ_Ù˙Y Eu-‡-˚PV LÙRp Bo-
Yj-˚Rd Li-” ˘Uf-£-˙]u. Eu˚] C≤ ˙NÙßd-œm Gi-Qm G]d-œ
Cp-˚X. NÙVe-LÙ-Xm ≈h-”l-Td-Lm YÙ. ƨ-YÙ-Ll ˙TN-XÙm Gu-fl ·±-
˙]u. ˙UÙh-PÙo ˚Nd-°-∞p Yk-RÙu. TÙoj-RÙu. ˙T£-]Ùu. ·Pj-ß˙X
Lh-•pX C⁄kR Au-]j- Rl TÙoj-’-Æh-” Aßof£˙VÙP Lh-PÙu. C’
VÙo Gu-fl. Gu Re-˚L. Gu-˚]d Lp-VÙ-Qm Ti-¶d-°-\RÙ C⁄kRÙ CY
SmU ·Pj-RÙu C⁄lTÙ Gu-fl ˘NÙu-˙]u. Aq-Y-[-‹-RÙu, Es˙[
˙TÙ´h-” Yo-\-’d-œs[ Bs Am-˙Tp.
Nl-R-™h-” £¨j-’d LÙi˙P ·fl-°-\Ùs. ߺ- Wu-fl AYs Li-Ls LXeœ
-°u-\-]. SPk-’ Yk-R-Yo-Ls NÙ˚X˙VÙW S˚P-TÙ˚R £˘Uih ˘Tg-£p
C˚P-˘Y-∞-Æh-” Eh-LÙ-⁄-°u-\-]o. Ro-ÿ ˙RÙ∞p ˘RÙe-œm LÙn-L-±l-
˚T˚V ˘Tg-£p ˚Yj-’-Æh-” Li-L-˚[j ’˚Pj-’d ˘LÙs-°-\Ùs.
U]jßp ’VW A›j-Rm RÙ[Ù-Up Nt-fl ˙SWm ERh-˚Pd L•j-’ ’d-Lj˚R
APd-°d- ˘LÙs-°-\Ùs.
Ro-ÿ : SpX Nk-Rol-Te-Ls Y⁄-°u-\-]. SpX ˚TVu-L-[ÙL Y⁄-°-\Ùo-Ls Gu-fl
SÙu ©t-LÙX YÙrd- L˚V Uh-”m TÙoj-’i-” ˙TÙ´hPÙ Au-]j˚R VÙo
TÙoj-’lTÙ NÙo? AY ®˚X R≤VÙ Æh-”h-”l ˙TÙ\-UÙ-ß-¨VÙ C⁄d-œ?
WÙ_Ù- : Ro-ÿ! J⁄ TÙ’-YÙ] Ad-L- \- -]ÙX Lh-L- \u. E]d- LÙ-⁄ ÍjR N˙LÙ-
R-Wu C⁄d-LÙu Cp-˚X-VÙ?
Ro-ÿ : C⁄d-LÙu Lp-VÙ-Qm Ti-¶i-” SÙ¤ œZk-˚R-L-˙[Ù-” ˘N¸d-°-VUÙ
C⁄dLÙu.
WÙ_Ù : ˘Tt-˙\Ù-⁄d-œl ©\-œ EPu-©-\l-◊-L-˚[l TÙ’-LÙdL ˙Yi-•-V-’ œ”m-
Tjßp Íj-R-Y-˙]ÙP ˘TÙfll◊ Cp-˚X-VÙ?
Ro-ÿ : ˘TÙfll-◊-RÙu. Ck-Rl ˘TÙfll˚T AYu RÙ]Ù ÿu-Yk-’ Ht-fld-˘LÙi-
PÙp ARt-œl ˙To ˘T⁄k-Ru-˚U. ©\o ˘NÙp≠ Ht-fld-˘LÙi-PÙp ®ol-
Tk-Rm. C˚Y CWi-˚P-Ÿm ◊\d-L-¶jRÙ VÙo Gu] ˘NnV ÿ•-Ÿm?
·h”d œ”mT YÙrd˚L Rj-’-Y˙U £˚Rk-’ £u-]Ù-©u-]-UÙ-°l ˙TÙf-—
NÙo. VÙ⁄m, VÙ˚W-Ÿm Li-•dL ÿ•-VÙ-Up Jq-˘YÙ-⁄-Y-⁄m J⁄ Íh˚P
J›e-∏-]e-L˚[j Re-Ls ÿ’-°p —Uk-’˘LÙi-” YÙr-°-\Ùo-Ls. YÙrd-
˚Ll TÙWÙh-Pj-ßp Yflm Kh-P-™-⁄d-°-\˙R RÆ-W, ÀY˙] Cp-˚X. E´-
37
˙WÙh-P-™p-˚X. _Ù≠l◊ Cp- X. SÙu Cl-T-• Ljß U˙X SPd-L\ UÙߨ
SPk-’i-•-⁄d-˙Lu. B]Ùp Au-]˙UÙ G]d-œd Lp-VÙ -Qm
Gu-fl ˙Tf˚N G”j-RÙ˙X ˘WÙmT Al-˘Nh B´-P-\Ù.
WÙ_Ù- : LÙW-Qm?
Ro-ÿ : TVm. SÙu ߺo-‡ Lp-VÙ-Qm Ti-¶i-” TÙ´hPÙ AY˚[ ASÙ- RVÙ
Æh-”-”-˙Y˙]Ù Gu-°\ TVm. £X SWe-L-∞p AY˚[ Gl-T-• NUÙ-RÙ-]m
˘Nn-V-\-’u˙] R -VÙU RÆf-—l TÙ -P- \u. AkR SWj-ß˙X G]dœ
Bj-ß-W˙U ·P Yk-’-”-’. Nj-Rm TÙh-”-P- \u. SÙ‡m U‡-µ-RÙ- ]? Gj-
R˚] Lx-Pe-L-˚[j-RÙu APd° Yf-—dL ÿ•-Ÿm? HRÙ-Y-’ Nk-Rol-Tm
°˚Pd-°-\-˙TÙ-’ A˚Q E˚Pk-R UÙߨ ˙LÙTm Yk-’-Æ-”-°-\-’. G]d-œ
Y⁄-°\ ˘Lh-P-˙To Gp-XÙm CkR UÙߨ „r-®-˚X-´-˙X-RÙu NÙo. Ro-ÿ
˘TÙp-XÙ-R-Y, ˘LÙ”-˚Ud-LÙ-¨, Au-]j˚R ˘LÙ”-˚Ul-T-”j-R-\Ù, Cl-T-•d
˘Lh-P- ˙To G”d-L-˙\u.
WÙ_Ù- : Cl-T-•-˘Vp-XÙm ·P ˘LhP ˙TWÙ?
Ro-ÿ : Gp-XÙm AkR ∫RÙ UÙ™-˙VÙP ˚Le-Lo-Vm RÙu. Au-]j-ßu YÙ˚Vd
°[\ Yi-•-V-’. CkR UÙߨ F]l-Th-P-Yo-L-fid˙L Gl- TÙ-’m U]£˙X
J⁄ œ˚\- -⁄d-œm. Eu] Roÿ ßh-•-]Ù-[Ù-•? Nj-Rm TÙh-PÙ-[Ù-•? NÙRj-
˚R-˘Vp-XÙm G”j-’ ˘Yf-—h-” ˙Y˚Xd-œl ˙TÙ´h-PÙ-[Ù? Lh-•-˙XÙP
Lh-•XÙ °Pd-L\ J⁄ ˙SÙVÙ∞ ÀY-‡d-œ ˙NÙfl ˙TÙP-·P ˙SW-™p-˚X-
VÙd-œm Gu-fl Ái-•-Æ-”-YÙ. AY Ko Al-TÙ-Æ. ≈h-”d-œ YkR Íg-£V
Ád° Yf-—i-” ˙TN˙Y UÙh-PÙ.
WÙ_Ù : Ro-ÿ! Eu-≤-Pm SÙu £X A©l-WÙ-Ve-Ls ˙LhL ˙Yi-”-˘Uu-fl ˘WÙmT
SÙ[Ù-L˙Y ®˚]j-’d ˘LÙi-•-⁄d-°-˙\u.
Ro-ÿ : G˚Rl Tjß NÙo?
WÙ_Ù- : Eu ˘NÙkR YÙrd-˚L-˚Vl Tjß ˘LÙg-Nm. Gu ˘NÙkR YÙrd-˚L-˚Vl
Tjß LÙg-Nm. CkR CWi-” LÙg-N-ÿm N⁄m- TÙ-’ SU-’ NÙkR YÙrd-
˚L-VÙ-Lj-RÙ˙] C⁄d-œm?
Ro-ÿ : ˙TN-XÙm. G]d-œd ·P ®˚\V G’, G’˙YÙ TN- Yi-”m TÙX C⁄dœ.
Ak-RWe-LUÙ VÙ¨-P-UÙ-Y-’ U]-£˙X C⁄d-L-\-˚R-˘Vp-XÙm LÙh-•j æod-L-
UÙh-˙PÙUÙ Gu-fl Aj-R˚] ’d-L-™-⁄d-œ.
(K¨-Pj-ßp C⁄-Y-⁄m R≤j-R-≤˙V ©¨-°-\Ùo-Ls.)
˛ UL¨µ
38
@ Tf˚NYVp ß˚WdL˚R˚Vf £flL˚RVÙL UÙt± G›’L.
@ U°-¨-µ-´u ß˚Wd-L-˚R-˚V ÆUo-N-]m ˘Nn-L.
˘NVpTÙ”Ls
UL¨µ
CYo £\kR ß˚WdL˚R B£¨Vo Uh”Uu± £flL˚R B£¨V⁄UÙYÙo Ëtfldœ˙UtThP £flL˚RLs G›ßŸs[Ùo. T≤U˚X, ◊Y]Ù J⁄ ˙LsÆdœ±,YhPj’dœs N’Wm B°V˚Y £\kR ˘RÙ˚XdLÙh£j ˘RÙPoL[Ùœm. CYW’Tf˚NYVp Gu\ Ë≠≠⁄k’ G”dLlThP’RÙu ClTÙPlTœß.
39
T¨—jR Au©p øk’m
¡uLs
NÍLf £dLpL∞u ˚UVjß≠⁄k’ RU’ ÿRp
ß˚WlTPUÙ] "Lt\’ R™Øu' Bß C˚Z˚V CVdœSo
WÙm ˙Rok˘R”jß⁄kRÙo. ˘Uu˘TÙ⁄s ’˚\´]WÙp
NÍLjßp HtTh•⁄kR A›jRUÙ] RÙdLj˚R
EsYÙe°´⁄kR ‘Lt\’ R™r’ ÿ›˚UVÙ] ß˚Wl
TPUÙLl T¨U∞dLÆp˚X. £X œ˚\L˚[d ˘LÙi•
⁄kR˙TÙߤm NULÙXjßu J⁄ ©Wf£˚]˚V AkRj
ß˚WlTPm AXN ÿtThP’. ReL ¡uLs WÙ™u CWi
PÙm TPm. CRu Y∞¬” RÙPoTÙL SÙ∞RrL∞p ©W
—WUÙ°´⁄kR Æ[mTW YÙNLeLs C˚R AæRl ◊˚]‹
Y¨˚Nl TPUÙL GiQ˚Yjß⁄kR]. B]Ùp ß˚Wl
TPj˚R Gßo˘LÙiP U]jßp ClTPm E⁄YÙd°V
Aßo‹Ls ANÙRÙWQUÙ]˚Y.
®NlR AWe°u ß˚W´p A˚Xk’˘LÙi˙P
´⁄kR ReL¡uLs C’Y˚WVÙ] R™rj ß˚Wl
TPeLs TVQlTh•WÙR TÙ˚R˚Vj ’XdLUÙd°V’.
˘RÙPdLjß≠⁄k˙R æÆWUÙ] EQo‹Lfim TRt\jßu
’∞Lfim Rfim©V LÙh£L∞p L£kR ’dLm Br
U]jßp ˙SÙ‹ HtT”jßV’. C˚P˙Y˚[ Y˚WVÙ]
LÙh£ A˚Ul◊L∞p LÙQlT”m CfldLÿm
APojߟm C’Y˚W GkRj R™rj ß˚WlTPjߤm
NÙjßVlTh•⁄dLÙR˚Y. ARu ©u]o TPj˚Rd
˙LÙjß⁄kR ˚UV C˚Z´p AqYl˙TÙ’ £±’
R[o‹m Cflß´p ÿ›˚UVÙ] R[o‹m HtTh•⁄kR].
TPjßu Jh”˘UÙjR A›jRj˚RŸm EfNdLhP
˙TÙR˚]d LÙh£ Nh˘P] ˘Y∞˙Vt±VRÙp N≠l◊m
Y⁄jRÿm E⁄YÙ´].
U]d·h”dœs —⁄e°d˘LÙsfim U≤Ro
L∞u NWÙN¨l TRt\eL˚[Ÿm T¨RÆl◊L˚[Ÿm
Æ—mTpL˚[Ÿm ˙LYpL˚[Ÿm CVXÙ˚UL˚[Ÿm
HUÙt\eL˚[Ÿm ©¨VeL˚[Ÿm ˙SojßVÙ] LÙh£
˘UÙØVÙd°V ÷hTjßp WÙm ÆjßVÙNlT”°\Ùo.
T›dLdLÙnf£V YÙoj˚RL∞u YÙ˚Rdœ B[Ù]
40
Es[eL∞u ˘LÙl◊[eLs LÙh£L∞p ®Qm
TWl◊°u\]. RUd˘L] —V A˚PVÙ[™u± H˙RÙ J⁄
°WÙUjß˙XÙ SLWjß˙XÙ Au\ÙP YÙr˚Y SLoj’Y
ß˙X˙V BŸ˚[d LØdœm Y±VYoL∞u AYXe
L˙[ £k˚R˚V ®˚\d°u\].
SpXÙ£¨Vo Æ⁄’ ˘Tt\ RLlT‡dœl ©\kR
R˚XULu LpVÙ¶. ÿ˚\VÙLd LpÆ LtLÙR AYu
N¨VÙ] YVßp LÙRp YVlTh” Æ”°\Ùu. C[YVß
˙X˙V UQÿm ÿ•j’Æ”°\Ùu. YÙrd˚L SPj’
YRtœj ˙R˚YVÙ] Y⁄UÙ]m Cp˚X Gu\ „Z≠p
AlT˙]Ù” J˙W ≈h•p œ•jR]m SPj’°\Ùu.
Rk˚R´Pm ˙TÙßV Y⁄UÙ]ÿm ˙R˚YVÙ] A[‹
˘NÙj’m Es[]. Re˚L Uu˘TÙ⁄s ’˚\´p LÙo”
®˚\Vf NmTÙßd°\Ùs. B]Ùp LpVÙ¶ Ru ©¨V
UL∞u T•l◊f ˘NX‹d˙L ßQfl°\Ùu. TPjßu
˘RÙPdLd LÙh£´p £fl ULfiPu UWQm œ±j’ E˚W
VÙ”m Rk˚R˚Vd LÙ‘m˙TÙ˙R U]m ’‘dœfl°\’.
AojRm ˘TÙßkR Sfldœj ˘R±jR E˚WVÙP¤dLÙ]
˘Y∞˚Vj R™rj ß˚WlTPl TWl©p TÙolT’
A¨ß¤m A¨’. AlT•˘VÙ⁄ ˘Y∞ ReL ¡uL∞p
ß\k’°Pd°\’.
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ÈojߢNnYßp YÙrÆu ÿ›˚U˚V EQo°\Ùu Lp
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GpXÙd œZk˚RL˚[Ÿm AYu ˙S£d°\Ùu. LPu
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YÙe°f ˘NpX AY]Ùp ÿ•°\’. ˘NpXmUÙ ◊jß
NÙ≠l ˘Ti. AYs ˙SV™dL LpÆdœ Heœ°\Ùs.
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41
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AVXÙ≤u B´Wm ˘NÙtLs E⁄YÙdLÙR Y”˚Y
˘S⁄dLUÙ]Y≤u £flÆN]m HtT”jßÆ”˙U!
KXeL˚[ÆP Æ—mT≠u æÆWmRÙ˙] U]j˚R
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CVXÙ˚U´u ˘Ym˚UŸm RÆl©u ˘Y’m
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LÙh-Pl-Th-”j R™-Z- u ˙TÙo UW◊
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¤m ARt-LÙL Y⁄k-’-Y-’m, ©WÙ-Vf-
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ÿd-°-Vj-’-Ym R⁄-Y-ßp-˚X.
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42
U˚]Æ˚Vd LpVÙ¶ A˚Zdœm˙TÙ’ AYs
UfllT’Pu œZk˚R˚VŸm RW Uflj’d LR˚Y
A›jRUÙL Í•Æ”°\Ùs. Í•V LRÆu
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A”dœj ˘RÙPo G]lT”m.
G.”: Æ” Æ”, TÙm◊ TÙm◊,
Y⁄L Y⁄L æ æ æ Cj ˘RÙPoL∞p
Y⁄m ˘NÙtLs Æ” TÙm◊ Y⁄L æ
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CWh˚Pd °[Æ
A”d° Y⁄m £X ˘NÙtLs, A”d°
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Gu. ˘NpXlTÙ
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˘NVpTÙ”Ls
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TÙ¤-U- Lk-ßWÙ‹Pu
£X˘SÙ•Ls
£≤-UÙ, Ru Ët-\Ùi-” ÆZÙ-˚Yd LÙi-PÙ-•-ÆhP ©\-œm, Cu-fl-Y˚W LÙ™-WÙ-
YÙp Tß‹ Nn-Vl-ThP SÙP-Le-Ls Gu-‡m A[-Æ- X˙V C⁄d-œm R™rj ß˚Wl-
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UÙ-]-’. 1970-˛-L-∞u Cfl-ß-´p R™r £≤-UÙ-Æp ®LrkR UÙt-\e-L-fid-œd LÙW-Q-
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TÙ¤-U-˙Lk-ßWÙ : T˚Pl-TÙt-\-≠u BWm-Tm G]d-œ J⁄ ÆTj-RÙ-Lj-RÙu Ht-Th-
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45
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Vm C⁄k-R-RÙ?
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SÙe-Ls Ut\ Y˚X-L-˚[l T°ok-’ LÙi-˙PÙm. R]-⁄-Æ-´p-RÙu LXÙ-N-T-ß,
£Yj-Rm© B°- VÙ-⁄- PV ™L ÿd-°-V-UÙ] CXd-°-Vd Lh-”- W-Ls Y∞-VÙ-°].
˘N. ˙VÙL-SÙ-Ru, ˘Ti-•dt TÙXu B°-˙VÙo AYo-L-[-’ ˘RÙPd-L-LÙX G›j-
’L˚[ Aßp-RÙu G›-ß-]Ùo-Ls.
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J⁄ Lj- RÙ-≠d-Ll Ts-∞d-·-Pm. Ae-œ TÙRo L©- -Vp Gu-T-Yo Jq- YÙ-⁄ Ys-
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Xvh-˙Wh-Ph ≈d-≠-´p ARt-œ CWi-” R˚X-Ve-Le-Ls G›-ß-´-⁄k-RÙo-Ls. AR-
˚]l T•dLf Nk-˙RÙ-`-UÙL C⁄k-R-’. R™-Øp UÙt-fl £≤-UÙ-‹d-LÙ] J⁄ R[m
Ht-T-”-°-\-’ Gu-fl ˙RÙu-±-V-’. B]Ùp, AR-˚]j ˘RÙPok-’ A’-˙TÙu\ ÿVt-
£-Ls SPd-L˙Y Cp-˚X. RÙLm, ßd-Lt\ TÙo-Yß ˙TÙu-\l TPe-Ls ™Ll ©u-]Ù•
Yk-R-].
46
? ◊˚Ll-T-Pe-Ls ¡RÙ] Bo-Y-ÿm C˙R LÙX-Lh-Pj-ßp C⁄k-R-RÙ?
TÙ¤-U-˙Lk-ßWÙ : Gu-‡-˚PV Tß-Íu-\Ù-Y-’ ©\kR ß]j-Rufl Ge-Ls AlTÙ
G]d-˘LÙ-⁄ ˘LÙPÙd ˙LÆ d˘W-‹-≤d LÙ™WÙ Au-T-∞l-TÙLd ˘LÙ”j-RÙo. Aßp
◊˚Ll-T-Pe-Ls G”d-Lj ˘RÙPe-°-˙]u. Su-\ÙL C⁄d-°-\-’ Gu-fl ˘NÙu-]Ùo-Ls.
Al-◊-\m CkRl TÙWÙh-”-L- [d LhL Yi-”m Gu-T-Rt-LÙ-L˙Y RÙPok-’ ◊˚Ll-
T-Pe-Ls G”j-˙Ru. LÙ™WÙ Au-T-∞l-TÙLd ˘LÙ”d-L-˙Yi-”m Gu-fl Al-TÙ-‹d-
œs Hu RÙu-±-V-’ Gu-T-’ Tt± Cu-˚\d-œ Y˚Wd-œm Gu-]Ùp ◊¨k-’-˘LÙs[
ÿ•k-R-ßp- X. AY-⁄d-œl ◊˚Ll-T-Pd L˚X- p Bo-Ym C⁄k-R-ßp- X. TX Y˚L-
L-∞-¤m AlTÙ Gu-˚]l TÙßj-ß-⁄d-°-\Ùo. AYo J⁄ Avh-˙WÙ-©-≥dv ˙TWÙ-£-
¨-Vo. NUv-°-⁄-Rj-ß-¤m R™-Ø-¤m AY-⁄dœ SpX TÙi-•j-ß-Vm C⁄k-R-’. Gu-‡-
˚PV R™r A±-‹, Bo-Ym Gp-XÙm AYo G]d-œf ˘NÙp-≠d-˘LÙ-”j-’ Yk-R-’-
RÙu.
?È]Ù ß˚Wl-T-Pd Lp-Ì- - u A±-ÿ-Lm Gl- TÙ-’ Ht-Th-P-’?
TÙ¤-U-˙Lk-ßWÙ : ˘LÙ›m-©p C⁄k-R-˙TÙ-’ G]d-œf £≤-UÙ-Æp ˙NW ˙Yi-”m
Gu\ Gi-Qm Ht-Th-P-’. ß˚Wl-T-Pd Lp-Ì-¨-´p ˙Nok-’ AR˚] ÿ˚\-VÙ-Ld
LtL Æ⁄m-©-˙]u. Al-˙TÙ-’, Ck-ß-VÙ-Æp J⁄ ß˚Wl-T-Pd Lp-̨ C⁄d-°-\-’
Gu-°\ RL-Yp G]d-œj ˘R¨-VÙ-’. SÙu aÙo-Yo-”, L≠-˙TÙo-≤-VÙ, TÙv-Pu Eh-
TP TX A˘U-¨d-Ll Tp-L-˚Xd-L-Z-Le-L-fid-œm Æi-Ql-©j-˙Ru. CWi-” Tp-L-
˚Xd-L-ZLe-L-∞p G]d-œ CPm °˚PjR-’. B]Ùp Ae˙L ˘Nu-fl T•l-T-Rt-œ
Bœm ˘NX-‹-Ls, SÙ˙]Ù Gu-‡-˚PV Al-TÙ˙YÙ Lt-T˚] ˘Nn-’·Pl TÙod-L-
ÿ-•-VÙ-R-RÙL C⁄k-R-]. G]˙Y Ah-™-`u Aß-LÙ¨ ™v. v˘Pp-XÙ-‹d-œ Gu-‡-
˚PV ©Wf-˚]-˚Vd œ±l-©h-”, vLÙ-Xo-µl HRÙ-Y-’ °˚Pd-œUÙ Gu-fl ˙Lh-”,
J⁄ L•-Rm G›-ß-˙]u. EP˙] AYo-Ls, G]d-œ J⁄ Tßp L•-Rm G›-ß-]Ùo-
Ls. Ee-Ls Bo-Ym G]d-œl ◊¨-°-\-’. øe-Ls Ce˙L Yk-’ No-Y-RÙL C⁄k-RÙp,
˙NokR ©\-œ-RÙu vLÙ-Xo-µl-◊d-œ ÿVt-£dL ÿ•-Ÿm. Efl-ß-VÙL A’ °˚Pd-œm
Gu-fl NÙp-¤-Y-Rt-°p- X. B]Ùp Ee-L-fid-œ ™Ll Td-Lj-ß- X˙V Ck-ß-VÙ-Æp
È]Ù Gu‡m CPj-ßp C⁄d-œm ß˚Wl-TP Lp-Ì-¨d-œ øe-Ls Hu Æi-Ql-©d-
Ld ·PÙ-’. A’ EX-°u R˚X-£-\kR ß˚Wl-T-Pd Lp-̨L∞p Ju-fl. ARu Es˙[
˘T¨V TPl-©-•l◊ R[m C⁄d-°-\-’. 35 ™p-≠-¡h-P-¨pRÙu T´t£ Nn-°-\Ùo-Ls.
CkR CWi-” YN-ß-L-fim GkR A˘U-¨dLl Tp-L-˚Xd-L-Z-Lj-ß-¤m Ee-Lfid-œd
°˚Pd-LÙ-’. Ce˙L 16 Gm.-Gm.-Cp RÙu Lt-flj R⁄-°-˙\Ùm Gu-fl G›-ß-´-⁄k-RÙo.
SÙu È]Ù ß˚Wl-T-Pd Lp-Ì- d-œ CVd-œ-So T´t-£d-œ Æi-Ql-©j- Ru. B]Ùp
G]d-œl ˙TÙh-˙PÙ-°-WÙ-©-RÙu °˚Pj-R-’. J⁄-Y-˚L-´p A’-‹m Sp-X-RÙL B°-
Æh-P-’. Ae˙L ˙TÙh-˙PÙ-°-WÙ-©, ˚PW-bu, G•h-•e Gu-fl GpXÙ Yœl-◊-L-∞-
¤m SÙu LXk-’-˘LÙi-˙Pu.
47
A’ J⁄ At-◊-R-UÙ] Íu-fl Y⁄-Pe-Ls. JjR Gi-Q-ÿm ˙SÙd-L-ÿm ˘LÙiP
®˚\V C˚[-Oo-Ls Ae˙L C⁄k-˙RÙm. _Ùu B©-W-LÙ-ÿm U¶-˘L¸-¤m Al-
˙TÙ-’ Ae˙L T•j-RÙo-Ls. £≤UÙ TÙol-T-’, £≤UÙ Tt±l ˙T—-Y-’, G›-’-Y-’,
£≤UÙ G”l-T-’, ™Ll T¨V £≤-UÙd-L˚[ E⁄-YÙd-œ-Y-’ Tt±d L]‹ LÙi-T-’
C˚Y-Ls-RÙu ß˚Wl-T-Pd Lp-̨ YÙrd-˚L.
?ß˚Wl-T-Pd Lp-̨ YÙrd˚L Ht- L-]˙Y Ee-L-fid-œs C⁄kR £≤UÙ Tt-±V
◊¨-R-≠p Gk-R-Æ-R-UÙ] UÙt-\e-L˚[ Ht-T-”j-ß-V-’?
TÙ¤-U-˙Lk-ßWÙ : ÿR-≠p C⁄k-R-’ J›e-œ-T-”j-Rl-T-PÙR, SÙ˙] ˙R•j ˙R•j
˘R¨k-’ ˘LÙi-P-˚Y-Ls. ß˚Wl-T-Pd Lp-Ì-¨-Ÿ-˚P-V-’ J›e-œ-T-”j-Rl-ThP TX
R˚X-ÿ-˚\-L-∞u TX Y⁄P A‡-T-Yj-ßu A•l-T-˚P-´p ßh-P-™-Pl-ThP Æg-
OÙ-]-Èo-Y-UÙ] T´t£; UÙt-fl £≤-UÙ-‹d-LÙ] J⁄ £k-R˚]. Bo-Ym ÿR-≠- X˙V
Ht-Th-”-Æh-P-’-RÙu Gu-\Ù-¤m Lp-Ì-¨-´p A’ Cu-‡m Efl-ßl-Th-P-’. ARt-
œj ˙R˚Y-VÙ] T´t£ Ae-œd °˚Pj-R-’. J⁄ TPm TÙoj-’-Æh-” CW‹ CWi-”
Íu-fl U¶ Y˚W Eh-LÙok-’ ˙T£d ˘LÙi-•-⁄d-°\ J⁄ „Zp Ae˙L C⁄k-R-’.
? Lp-Ì- - p Ee-L˚[ Y∫-L- jR B£- -Vo-Ls VÙo. VÙo?
TÙ¤-U-˙Lk-ßWÙ : ¨j-Æd Lh-Pd SÙu ˙No-Y-Rt-œ ÿu˙T Kn‹ ˘Tt-fl-Æh-PÙo.
©.-˙L. SÙV-⁄m Nj-æx TLÁ⁄m Ae˙L C⁄k-RÙo-Ls. Nj-æx TL-Áo ©≠m Al-¨-
£-˙V-Nu ’˚\j-R-˚X-Yo. •.-˙L. SÙVo, ˙R£V ß˚Wl-TP BY-Qd LÙl-T-Lj-ßu
°Î- Wh-Po. CWi-” T⁄˙U ™Lj ß\- U-VÙ] B£- -Vo-Ls. LÙTÙp Gu\ TÙXd-
LÙh”dLÙWo Ge-Ls ’˚\j R˚X-Y-WÙL C⁄k-RÙo. AY-⁄m-·P ™Lf £\kR B£-¨-
Vo. ˘_o¨ Uu-≥p, ™˙XÙv ˙TÙo-Uu B°-˙VÙo Lp-Ì-¨d-œ Yk-ß-⁄d-°u-\-]o.
™⁄-]Ùs Nu, Wœ-Xo Lvh Xd-N-WÙL CWi-” ÿ˚\ Yk-ß-⁄d-°-\Ùo. ™⁄-]Ùs
˘Nu UÙod-£V ˘LÙs-˚L-Ls E˚P-V-Yo. Gu-‡-˚PV TÙo-˚Y-´p AY-⁄-˚PV
TPe-L-∞p £±V A[-Æp J⁄ ©Wf-NÙWj Ru˚U C⁄k-R-’ Gu-fl L⁄-’-°-˙\u.
AYt-±p NÍL ÆUo-N-]e-Ls A›j-R-UÙL C⁄d-œm. ˙W´u Ad-L˚\ ÿ›dL
ÿ›dL U≤R YÙrd-˚L-˚Vl Tt-±-V-RÙ-Lj-RÙu C⁄k-R-’. ™Ll ©u-]Ù-• AY-⁄m
Ju-±-Wi-” AW-£-Vp TPe-Ls Ti-¶-]Ùo.
?AdLÙX-Lh-Pj-ßp Ee-L˚[ Y∫-L- jR CVd-œ-So-Ls VÙo. VÙo?
TÙ¤-U-˙Lk-ßWÙ : Gu-¡-’ Sp-X-Æ-R-UÙ] TÙßl◊ Ht-T-”j-ßV CVd-œ-So-Ls Gu-fl
Nj-V-¥j-˙W˚VŸm A°WÙ œ˙WÙ-N-YÙ-˚Y-Ÿm ˘NÙp-X-XÙm. œ˙WÙ-N-YÙ-Æu W˙`Ù-
UÙu, ˘Wh ©Voh Gu\ CWi-” TPe-L˚[ SÙu ˘LÙ›m-©-˙X˙V TÙoj-ß-⁄k-
˙Ru. B]Ù-¤m È]Ù YkR ©\-œ-RÙu AY-W-’ ÿ› Bfi- U-Ÿm G]d-œj R¨V-
48
Yk-R-’. AY-⁄-˚PV £≤UÙ ˘UÙØ, Bfi˚U Ah-P-LÙ-N-UÙ] Ju-fl. APoj-ß-
VÙ]’. Cu-flm AY-⁄- PV T˚Z-V TPe-L- [j ß⁄m-©l TÙod-œm- TÙ-’ G]dœl
©W-™l-◊-RÙu Ht-T-”-°-\-’. W‹- PV Bfi˚U CRt-œ UÙ\ÙL ™L-‹m ®RÙ-]-UÙ]’.
GkR Bol-TÙh-P-ÿm AXh-P-¤m BW-YÙ-W-ÿm ©W-Vj-R-]-ÿm Cp-XÙ-R-’; CVp-
TÙ]-’.
?Ee-L- [l TÙßjR J¸ılT-ß-YÙ-[o-Ls?
TÙ¤-U-˙Lk-ßWÙ : Ck-ßV A[-Æp G”j-’d-˘LÙi-PÙp Nj-V-¥j˙W LÙ™-WÙ-˙Uu
—l-W-˙RÙ-™jWÙ Gu˚] ™L-‹m Y∫-L-¨j-R-Yo. aÙ≠-‹h-•p ˙_mv ˘YÙe. ©t-
LÙXj-ßp ˘Sv-Po Ap-˘Uu-˙WÙv, ˚Ud-Lp NÙl-˘Uu.
?øe-Ls Æ⁄m-©l TÙojR R™rl TPe-Ls.
TÙ¤-U-˙Lk-ßWÙ : TÙN-U-Xo, ˙RY-RÙv, AkR SÙs, Ri-Ωo Ri-Ωo. N¡-Tj-ßp
Bh- PÙ-°-WÙl EQo‹ √ß-VÙL Gu- ]l TÙßj-R-]. Gu˚] Aß-Lm TÙßjR R™rl-
T-Pm ˙RY-RÙv RÙu. 49 ÿ˚\-Ls Ak-Rl TPj˚R SÙu TÙoj-ß-⁄d-°-˙\u. 49-
BY-’ ÿ˚\, £X Y⁄-Pe-L-fid-œ ÿu◊ LUXÙ ß˙Vh-P- p TÙoj- Ru. Cl- TÙ-’
SÙu J⁄ T˚Pl-TÙ∞ Gu-°\ ˙LÙQj-ßp C⁄k-’ TÙod-œm-˙TÙ-’m ©W-™l◊
Cu‡m Aß-L-¨d-Lj-RÙu ˘Nn-R-’. AR-‡-˚PV ˙Soj-ß-VÙ] J¸ılT-ß‹, N‹ih
¨d-LÙo-•e, J≠ ET-˙VÙ-°d-Ll-Th-•-⁄kR ÆRm Gu-˚]d LYok-R-]. SÙu ˙RY-
RÙ≥u LÙ™-WÙ- Uu ©.-Gv.-We-LÙ- Yd Li-”-©-•j-’ R•l- TÙn TÙoj- Ru. AYo
Gu-˚]d Lh-•l-©-•j-’ AZ BWm-©j-’-Æh-PÙo. AYo Gu-‡-˚PV W£-L-WÙL
C⁄kRÙo. TÙ¤ ø Yk-R-’, Ei- U- -˙X˙V Gu˚]f Nk- RÙ- l-T-”j-’-°-\-’ Gufl
˘NÙu-]Ùo.
? È]Ù ß˚Wl-T-Pd Lp-Ì- -Ÿ-Pu Jl-©-”m- TÙ-’, Ck-ßV £≤-UÙ- Yl TÙfljR
Y˚Wd-œm Nu˚] A˚P-VÙfl ß˚Wl-T-Pd Lp-Ì- - u Te-L-∞l◊ NÙp-≠d- LÙs-
Y-’ ˙TÙp Cp-˚X. CRt-œd LÙW-Qm Gu] Gu-fl Ee-L-[Ùp ◊¨k-’-˘LÙs[ ÿ•-
°-\-RÙ?
TÙ¤-U-˙Lk-ßWÙ : Ei-˚U-´-˙X˙V G]d-œj ˘R¨-V-Æp-˚X. Ak-Rd Lp-Ì-¨d-œ
J⁄-ÿ- \-RÙu SÙu Nu-±-⁄d-°- \u. ≈” Ae˙L ß˚W- -Pl-Th-P-’. ‘TÙ◊ SkRu’
˙LÙh-•u RÙLm TPm Ju-˚\j RÆW J⁄ UÙt-fl ÿVt-£-·P A˚P-VÙ-fl ß˚Wl-
TPd Lp-̨ UÙQ-Yo-L-∞-Pm C⁄k-’ YW-Æp-˚X. B]Ùp ˘RÙØp-÷h-Tj-˚Rl
˘TÙflj-R-Y- Wd-œm ™Lf £\kR Pd-≤-£Vuv Yk-ß-⁄d-°-\Ùo-Ls. J¸ılT-ß-YÙ-[o
A˙NÙd-œ-UÙo, ©.-£.-c-WÙm C⁄-Y-⁄m A˚P-VÙ-fl ß˚Wl-T-Pd Lp-̨ UÙQ-Yo-
LsRÙu.
49
? È]Ù-Æp T•l◊ ÿ•kR ©\-œ £≤UÙ YÙnl-◊-L-fid-LÙL ®˚\V ©W-Vj-R-]l-
TP ˙Yi-•-´-⁄k-R-RÙ?
TÙ¤-U- Lk-ßWÙ : È]Ù Lp-Ì- - -≠-⁄k-’ ˙S˙W cXe-LÙ-‹d-œl ˙TÙn-Æh-˙Pu.
Ae-œ ˘Xvh ˙_mv ©¨v Gu-fl J⁄ At-◊-R-UÙ] CVd-œ-So C⁄d-°-\Ùo. Nj-V-
¥j- W-Æu RÙd-Le-Ls AY- -Pm Ei-”. AY-⁄-˚PV J⁄ TPj-’d-œ J¸ılT-ß‹
˘Nn-Y-RtLÙ] BVjR ˙Y˚X-L-∞p SÙu C⁄k-R-˙TÙ-’, ˘Nm-¡u CVd-œ-So WÙÿ-
L-¨-VÙj, EP˙] ◊\l-Th-” Ce˙L YÙ Gu-fl G]d-œj Rkß A‡l-©-´-⁄k-RÙo.
˘Nm-¡u LÙ™-WÙ- Uu UÙod-Lv TÙh˙X Al- TÙ-’ ©≥-VÙ-L- -⁄k-RÙo. G]d-œ A’
˘R¨-VÙ-’. WÙÿ-L-¨-VÙj, UÙod-Lv TÙh-˙X-‹d-œ ER-Æ-VÙ-[-WÙL Gu˚] A˚Zd-°-
\Ùo Gu-fl Gi-¶d-˘LÙi-”-RÙu SÙu ◊\l-Th-” Yk-˙Ru. G]d-œ AY-W-’ TÙh-
˙PÙ-°-WÙ© ™L-‹m ©•d-œm.
SÙu Ck-ßVÙ Yk-R-’m WÙÿ-L-¨-VÙj ˙Lh-PÙo: Gu-‡-˚PV ˘Nm-¡u TÙoj-ß-⁄d-°-
\Ù-VÙ? SÙu, BUÙm, TÙoj-ß-⁄d-°-˙\u Gu-˙\u. A˙R ·h-P¶ ¡i-”m J⁄
TPj-ßp ˙Y˚X ˘Nn-Vl ˙TÙ°-˙\Ùm. ¨µ-˙Lx ÿLo¥ G•h-•e, Nƒp ˘N¸j¨
C˚N,-˙TÙh-˙PÙ-°-WÙ© ø Ti-‘-°-\Ùn Gu-\Ùo. SÙu ©W-™j-’l ˙TÙn-Æh- Pu.
SÙu CR˚] Gßo-TÙod-L-Æp- X. WÙÿ-L-¨-VÙj, È]Ù Lp-Ì-¨-´p SÙu NnR G ÆÎ
@©-Wm ß ˙TÙoh Gu\ G]-’ •l-[˙UÙ £≤-UÙ-˚Yl TÙoj-ß-⁄d-°-\Ùo. Ak-Rl
TPj˚R L¸RU U]u Gu-T-Yo CVd-°- -⁄k-RÙo. WÙÿ-L- -VÙj-ßu Sp-¤ Gu\
U˚X-VÙ-[l TPj˚R SÙu J¸ılT-ß‹ ˘Nn-˙Ru. A’-RÙu Gu-‡-˚PV ÿRp
TPm. R™-Øp SÙu J¸ılTß‹ NnR ÿRp TPm U˙Lk-ß-W-≤u ÿs-fim UX-⁄m.
Al-◊-\m, Ne-L-WÙ-T-W-Qm Ti-‘m-˙TÙ-’ ˙L. Æv-Y-SÙj ·l-©h-PÙo. ©\-œ U¶-
Wj-]j-ßu ÿRp TP-UÙ] Tp-XÆ A‡-Tp-X-Æ, TW-R-≤u ÿRp TP-UÙ] ©W-VÙ-
Qm B°-V-Yt-fld-œm J¸ılT-ß‹ Nn-˙Ru. CYo-Ls A˚]-Y-⁄˙U Ru-≤k-ß-
VÙ-Æu ÿd-°-V-UÙ] CVd-œ-So-Ls. U¶-Wj-]m ß˚Wd-L-˚R-˚Vf ˘NÙu-]-˙TÙ-’,
ß˚Wd-L˚R Uh-”-Up-XÙ-Up AY-W-’ Bo-Y-ÿm £≤UÙ ¡’ AY-⁄d-œ C⁄kR LÙR-
¤m G]d-œl ©•j-ß-⁄k-R-’. G]d-œm AY-⁄d-œm C˚P-˙V-VÙ] Aßo-‹-Ls Su-
\ÙL C⁄k-R-]. CkR C˚[-O-‡-Pu SÙu ˙Y˚X ˘NnV-˙Yi-”m Gu\ Gi-
Qj˚R ÿRp Nk-ßl-©-˙X˙V AYo E⁄-YÙd-°-]Ùo. U˙Lk-ß-W-‡-Pu Y˚X Nn-
R-’m C˙R LÙW-Qe-L-[Ùp-RÙu. Gp-˙XÙ-⁄˙U JjR Aßo-‹s[ C˚[-Oo-Ls.
B]Ùp, ARt-œl ©\-œ AYo-Ls UÙߨ Gu˚] VÙ⁄m Y∫-L-¨d-L-Æp-˚X. TX
YÙnl-◊-Ls Yk-R-]. SÙu Jl-◊d-˘LÙs-[-Æp-˚X. 1976-˛p SÙ˙] TPe-L˚[ C-Vd-
Lj ˘RÙPe-°-Æh- Pu. G]- Y, ©\-œ Ut\ CVd-œ-So-L-∞u TPe-L-∞p T¶-VÙt\
G]dœd LÙX AY-LÙ-Nm Cp-XÙ-Up ˙TÙn-Æh-P-’.
50
? EeL-[’ ÿRp TP-UÙ] LÙ°XÙ J⁄ Lu-]-Pl TPm. Lu-]-Pj-ßp CVd-œY-’
Gu-T-’ øe-L-[ÙL E⁄-YÙd-°d ˘LÙi-PRÙ Ap-X-’ A’-YÙL ®LrkRRÙ?
TÙ¤-U-˙Lk-ßWÙ : ˙LÙ°-XÙ-Æu ß˚Wd-L-˚R˚V ÿ•j-R-˙TÙ-’, Al-˙TÙ-’ ˘Y∞-
VÙ-°d ˘LÙi-•-⁄kR R™rl TPe-L-fi-Pu AR˚] Jl-©h-”l TÙoj-˙Ru. ˙LÙ°-
XÙ-‹d-œj R™r-SÙh-•p Gl-T-•-VÙ] YW-˙Yt◊ C⁄d-œm Gu-T-’ Tt± G]d-œf Nk-
˙R-Lm C⁄k-R-’. B]Ùp, Al-˙TÙ-’ Lo-SÙ-P-Lj-ßp UÙt-fl £≤-UÙ-‹d-œ J⁄ YW-
˙Yt◊ C⁄k-R-’. °¨x-Lo-]Ùh-•u LÙ” ˙TÙu\ TPe-Ls Ae˙L Y„p √ß-VÙ-L-
‹m Yt-±-V- Pk-R-]. G]˙Y Ae˙L LÙ°-XÙ- Yj RVÙ- d-L -ÿ-•-Ÿm Gu-fl L⁄ß
Lu-]-Pj-ßp ˘Nn-˙RÙm.
?AØ-VÙR LÙXe-Ls ß˚Wl-T-Pj-ßu ÿRp U]l-T-ß‹ Ee-L-fid-œs Ge-°-⁄k’
’Ye-°-V-’?
TÙ¤-U- Lk-ßWÙ : AØ-VÙR LÙXe-Ls H\d-œ- \V Gu-‡- PV TÙ≠V LÙX A‡-
T-Ye-L˚[ ˚Yj-’l Ti-Ql-ThP J⁄ TPm. ARt-œ SÙu ß˚Wd-L˚R G›-R-
Æp˚X. TPl-©-•l-◊d-œf ˘Np-¤m- TÙ-’ J⁄ RÙ∞p LÙh-£, LÙh-£-VÙLd œ±l-◊-Ls
Uh-”˙U Yj-ß-⁄k- Ru. Ee-L-[Ùp OÙT-Lj-ß-≠-⁄k-’ LÙg-Nm AR˚]l ◊Wh•l
TÙodL ÿ•k-RÙp, R™-Øp L˚R˙V Cp-XÙR J⁄ TPm Gu-fl A˚R EQ-W-XÙm.
˘Yfl-U˙] Nm-T-Ye-Ls-RÙu.
?Al-T-Pj-ßp £fl-Yu Bt-±p C\k-’ ˙TÙœm LÙh-£, ©u-]¶ C˚N Cp-XÙ-
U˙X˙V ™L-‹m A›j-R-UÙL Yk-ß-⁄k-R-’.
TÙ¤-U- Lk-ßWÙ : Gu-‡- PV TÙ≠V Si-Tu J⁄-Yu Bt-±p œ∞d-œm- TÙ-’ C\k’
˙TÙn Æh-PÙu. A’ Gu˚] ™L-‹m TÙßj-ß-⁄k-R-’. AkR EQo-‹-L-˚[j-RÙu
SÙu Aßp ©W-ß-T-≠j-ß-⁄k-˙Ru.
?R™r £≤UÙ LRÙ-SÙ-V-Lo-L-fid-œ Gu-fl J⁄ ©m-Tm C⁄d-°-\-’. øe-Ls Ak-Rj
˙RÙt-\j-ß-≠-⁄k-’ UÙfl-Th-•-⁄kR ©W-RÙl TÙj-R˚]d LRÙ-SÙ-V-L-]ÙL Í”-T-≤- p
S•dL ˚Yj-æo-Ls. Al-˙TÙ-ß-⁄kR LRÙ-SÙ-V-Lo-L-∞p C⁄k-’ ÿt-±-¤m UÙfl-ThP
ANh-”j-R -] -UÙ] ˙RÙt -\m ˘LÙiP J⁄-Yo. Al-T -•f ˘NnV
˙Yi-”m Gu-fl Ee-L-fid-œ Hu ˙RÙu-±-V-’?
TÙ¤-U- Lk-ßWÙ : Í”-T-≤- p AY-⁄-˚PV TÙj-ß-Wj˚R ANh-”j-R-]m Gu-fl NÙp-
Y- R-ÆP U˙]Ù-Æ-VÙß Gu-fl NÙp-Y-’ N -VÙL C⁄d-œm. AØ-VÙR LÙXe-L∞p
AYo J⁄ NÙUÙuV TÙj-ß-Wm-RÙu. Ak-Rd LÙX T•j-R, J⁄ NWÙ-N¨ C˚[-O-]ÙL
S•dL AY-⁄-˚PV ˙RÙt-\m G]d-œl ˘TÙ⁄j-R-UÙ-LlTh-P-’.
51
?A’-˙TÙp Aof-N]Ù ˙TÙu\ J⁄ Lfll-◊l ˘Ti-˚Qd LRÙ-SÙ -V-°
-VÙd-°-V-’.
TÙ¤-U-˙Lk-ßWÙ : G]d-œd LfljR ˘Ti-L-˚[l ©•d-œm. A’ J⁄ LÙW-Q-UÙL
C⁄d-L-XÙm.
?T—-˚U-VÙ] Ap-X-’ T≤Íh-P-UÙ] Fh-• ˙TÙu\ J⁄ Tœ-ß-RÙu ˘T⁄m-TÙ-
¤m Ee-Ls TPe-L-∞p Y⁄-°-\-’. C’ J⁄ œt-\f-NÙh-” Cp-˚X. Hu Al-T-•l-
ThP CPe-Ls Uh-”˙U Ee-L˚[ Y∫-L-¨d-Ld-·-•-V-RÙL C⁄d-°u\]?
TÙ¤-U-˙Lk-ßWÙ : Gu-‡-˚PV L˚R-L-fid-œ Ht\ J⁄ CPj-˚Rj-RÙu Ro‹ Nn-
°-˙\u. A’ ˘Yfl-U˙] G]d-œ J⁄ CPm Uh-”m Cp-˚X. A’ J⁄ TÙj-ß-Wm.
AkR CPj-˚Rj RÆW Yfl GkR CPj-ßp L˚R NÙp-Xl-Th-PÙ-¤m ARt-œ SÙu
Gßo-TÙod-°\ A›j-Rm °˚Pd-LÙ-’. ˘Y´p, Ul-◊m Uk-RÙ-W-ÿ-UÙ] T≤, U˚Z,
LQj-’d-œdLQm UÙfl-°\ ARu Ru˚U Gu-fl CVt-˚L-´-‡-˚PV NLX T¨-UÙ-
Qe-L-fim G]d-œl ©•d-œm. LÙh-£d-œj RœkR UÙߨ SÙu CVt-˚L-˚Vl TVu-
T-”j-’-°-˙\u. AZ-LÙL C⁄d-°-\-’ Gu-T-’d-LÙL J⁄ SÙfim SÙu CVt-˚L˚Vl
TVu-T-”j-’-Y-ßp- X. CVt- L- u UÙfl-ThP RÙt-\e-Ls, R⁄-Qe-Ls, LÙX-®- X-
Ls U≤R YÙrd-˚L-Ÿ-Pu ˙SW-•-VÙL Nm-Tk-Rl-Th-•-⁄d-°-\-’. U≤-R-≤u £k-R-˚]-
˚V-Ÿm A’ TÙßd-°-\-’.
?J⁄- Y˚[ øe-Ls ©\k-’ Y[okR Uh-Pd-L-[l◊ „Z˚X ARt-œ J⁄ LÙW-Qm
Gu-fl G”j-’d-˘LÙs-[-XÙ-UÙ?
TÙ¤-U-˙Lk-ßWÙ : C⁄d-L-XÙm. ®f-N-V-UÙL SÙm Y[okR „Zp, T•jR Ts-∞d-·--
Pm, C˚[V YV-’ Si-To-Ls, ˘Tt-˙\Ùo-Ls, A™o-R-LØ Gu\ Gu-‡-˚PV Fo
™L-‹m AZ-LÙ] J⁄ °WÙ-Um. cXe-LÙ-Æu °Zd-œ LPt-L-˚W-˙VÙ-Wm Uh-P-L-[l-
©p A˚Uk-ß-⁄d-°-\-’. Cu-˘]Ù-⁄ Td-Lm LÙ”m ®˚\V T—-UÙ-”-L-fim.
?TPl-©-•l-˚Tj ˘RÙPe-°V ©\-œ ARu ˙TÙd-°p L˚R-´p £X UÙt-\e-Ls
˘Nn-V-˙Yi-”m Gu-fl Ee-Ls Es-fi-Qo‹ ˘NÙu-]Ùp ARt-œf ˘NÆ NÙnl-¿o-
L[Ù Ap-X-’ A˘U-¨dL CVd-œ-So-Ls ˙TÙp G›-Rl-ThP ß˚Wd-L-˚R˚V UÙt-\-
UÙh-˙Pu Gu-fl APm ©•l-¿o-L-[Ù?
TÙ¤-U-˙Lk-ßWÙ : A’ Ak-Rd L˚R-˚V-Ÿm „Z-˚X-Ÿm ˘TÙflj-R-’. ≈” TPl-
©•l-˚Tj ˘RÙPe-°-V-˙TÙ-’ ß˚Wd-L-˚R-´p U˚Z Cp-˚X. TPl-©-•l◊ BWm-
©jR-’m ◊Vp £u-]m LÙW-Q-UÙL 13 SÙh-Ls ˘Nu-˚]-´p ˘RÙPok-’ U˚Z
52
˘TnR’. Al- TÙ-’ CkR U˚Z- Vd·P ET- VÙ-Ll-T-”j-ßd LÙs-[-XÙ˙U Gufl
G]d-œl Th-P-’. EP˙] TP-˘U-”j-˙RÙm. Al-◊-\m TPm ÿ•k’ ÿRp ©Wß
TÙoj-R-˙TÙ-’ U˚Z TPj-’d-œ Cu-˘]Ù-⁄ T¨-UÙ-Qj-˚Rd ˘LÙ”j-R˚R EQok-
˙RÙm. J⁄ H£ A˚\-´p Eh-LÙok-’ SÙu J⁄ ß˚Wd-L-˚R˚V E⁄-YÙd-œ-°-˙\u.
A’ ß˚Wl-T-P-UÙL E⁄-YÙ° Y⁄m- TÙ-’ Tp- Y-fl T -UÙ-Qe-L˚[ A˚P-Vd-·”m.
©W-NY NU-Vj-ßp ®L-›m AkR Y≠-L-fid-œ HtT Ap-X-’ ◊p-X-¨l-◊-L-fid-œ HtT
£X UÙt-\e-Ls RÙu-±-]Ùp ®f-N-Vm Nn- Yu. ≈” TPj-ßp A˚Uk-R-’ TÙu\
ß˚Wd-L-˚R-´p Cp-XÙR TPl-©-•l-©u-˙TÙ-’ °˚Pd-œm At-◊R-UÙ] Æ`Ve-
L˚[l TPj-ßp ˙Noj-’d ˘LÙs[ ÿ•-Ÿ-˘U-≤p, ˙Noj-’d-˘LÙs-[-XÙm. B]Ùp,
AR˚] ™Lj ß\-˚U-VÙLd ˚LVÙ-fim NU-˙VÙ-£-Rl ◊jß CVd-œ-S-¨-Pm C⁄d-L-
˙Yi-”m.
? Í”-T-≤-´p ©W-RÙl˚Tj ˙R”-°\ J⁄ LÙh-£-´p LÙ™-WÙ-‹m ˙Nok-’ ˙R•d-
˘LÙi˙P C⁄d-œm. Cl-˙TÙ-’ A’-˙TÙu-fl TP-UÙd-œ-Y-’ —X-Tm. S≈] ˘RÙØp-
÷hT LÙ™-WÙd-Ls Yk-’-Æh-P-]. B]Ùp Í”-T≤ Y∞-VÙ] LÙX-Lh-Pj-ßp CkR
YN-ß-Ls Cp-˚X. Gl-T-• AR˚] ˘Nn-æo-Ls?
TÙ¤-U-˙Lk-ßWÙ : v˘P-• ˙Lÿd-œl Tß-XÙL LÙ™-WÙ˚Y Gu ˚LL-∞p ©•j-R-T-•
AkR LÙh-£-˚Vl TP-UÙd-°-˙]u. A’ J⁄ ◊ßV Ej-ß. B]Ùp, Gu] Ej-ß-VÙL
C⁄k-RÙ-¤m A’ L˚R-´-‡-˚PV ˙R˚Y-˚V-˘VÙh-•-RÙu C⁄d-L-˙Yi-”m. J⁄
Ej-ß˚V ET- VÙ-Ll-T-”jR Yi-”m Gu-T-’d-LÙL J⁄ LÙh£ Ap-X-’ Nm-T-Yj˚R
Ap-X-’ J⁄ ÿ› ß˚Wd-L-˚R-˚V˙V E⁄-YÙd-œ-Y-’-Pu G]d-œ EPu-TÙ-•p-˚X.
A’ ˘N⁄l-◊d-LÙLd LÙp A[˚Y UÙt-±d-˘LÙs-Y-’ ˙TÙu-\-’. N¡-Tj-ßp TX
ß˚Wl-T-Pe-Ls Al-T-• Yk-ß-⁄d-°-\-’. L˚R-RÙu Ej-ß˚Vj æo-UÙ-≤d-œm Nd-ß-
VÙL C⁄d-L-˙Yi-”m. Al-˙TÙ-’-RÙu A’ CVp-TÙL A˚U-Ÿm. S≈-]m T˚Pl◊
√ß-VÙL ET- VÙ-Ll-T-”j-Rl-T-”m- TÙ-’ A’ ◊’- U-VÙ-L-‹m Su-\Ù-L-‹m C⁄d-°\’.
UÙ\ÙL S≈] RÙØp-÷hT YN-ß-Ls C⁄d-°-\-’ Gu-T-’d-LÙ-L˙Y AYt- \l TVu-
T-”j-’-Y-’ œWe-œ ˚L´p °˚PjR ÈUÙ˚X L˚R-VÙ-Lj-RÙu ÿ•-Ÿm. CXd-°-
Vj’dœm C’ ˘TÙ⁄k-’m.
?˘TÙ’-YÙL J⁄ R™rf £≤UÙ TÙo-˚Y-VÙ-[u Ee-L-˚[l Tt± ˙T—m-˙TÙ’
Íu-\Ùm ©˚\ CVd-œ-So Gu-fl-RÙu Ee-L˚[ C]m Li-”-˘LÙs-°-\Ùu. ≈”, Nk-
ß-VÙ-WÙ-Lm Tt± LÙg-Nm ÆY-W-UÙ-]-Yo-L-fid-œ Uh-”m-RÙu R¨k-ß-⁄d-°-\-’. N¡-
Tj-ßp Gl-˙TÙ-RÙ-Y-’ Íu-\Ùm ©˚\-˚Vl TÙodL Nk-Rol-Tm °˚Pj-R-RÙ?
TÙ¤-U-˙Lk-ßWÙ : J⁄ Y⁄-Pj-’d-œ ÿu◊ •Æ-• ©¨ih Gl-T-• Yk-ß-⁄d-°-\-’
Gu-fl TÙol-T-’d-LÙLl TÙoj-˙Ru.
53
?Al- TÙ-’ Gl-T-• EQok-æo-Ls?
TÙ¤-U- Lk-ßWÙ : Gl- TÙ-’˙U Gu-‡- PV TPe-L- [j ß⁄l-©l TÙod-°-\- TÙ’,
ÿR-≠p G]d-œl TVm-RÙu Ht-T-”-°-\-’. L˚R- S-Wj- Rl TÙod-°-\- TÙ-’m ÿR≠p
TVj-˚R-RÙu EQo-°-˙\u. C’-UÙ-ߨ Gp-XÙm ¡i-”m Sm-UÙp Ti-Q-ÿ-•-ŸUÙ
Gu-T-’-RÙu Ak-Rl TVm. GpXÙl T˚Pl-TÙ-∞-L-fid-œm Ak-Rl TVm C⁄d-œm
Gu-fl-RÙu ®˚]d-°-˙\u.
? TPl-©-•l-◊j R[e-L-∞p J⁄ J¸ılT-ß-YÙ-[-WÙL, CVd-œ-S-WÙL Ee-L-∞u TÙ¶
Gu-]-YÙL C⁄d-°-\-’?
TÙ¤-U- Lk-ßWÙ : J¸ılT-ß- Yl TÙflj-R-Y- Wd-œm TÙo- Y-VÙ-[-‡d-œ Cd-LÙh£
TX Æ[d-œ-Ls ET-˙VÙ-°j-’ G”d-Ll-Th-P-’ Gu-fl ˘R¨-Vd-·-PÙ-’ Gu\ L⁄j-
˚R-jRÙu, ˘RÙPd-L-LÙ-Xm ÿRp Cu-fl-Y-˚Wd-œm ˚Yj-ß-⁄d-°-˙\u. Nm-T-Ym
®LrkR CPj-ßp Gu] CVt˚L Y∞f-Nm C⁄k-R˙RÙ AR˚] Uh-”m ET-˙VÙ-
°j-’ J¸ılT-ß‹ ˘Nn-ß-⁄d-°-\Ùo Gu-fl TÙo-˚Y-VÙ-[-‡d-œ J⁄ Nk-˙R-Lm YW-
˙Yi”m. SÙu J⁄ ˙TÙh-˙PÙ-°-WÙ-T-WÙL C⁄l-T-RÙp LÙh-£l-T-”j-’-Y-’ G]d-œf
—X-T-UÙL C⁄d-°-\-’. ß˚Wd-L˚R G›-’m-˙TÙ˙R J⁄ LRÙ-TÙj-ß-Wj-ßu A˚N-‹-
L˚[ G]d-œs SÙu æo-UÙ-≤j-’d ˘LÙs-˙Yu. SÙu ˘R∞-YÙL C⁄l-T-RÙp S•-
Lo-L-∞-Pm Gu-‡-˚PV Gi-Qm Gu] Gu-T˚R Gu-]Ùp ˘NÙp-X-ÿ-•-°-\-’.
˙R˚Yl-Th-PÙp YN-]m ˙T£ S•j-’m Gu-]Ùp LÙi-©d-Lÿ-•-Ÿm.
?E\-‹-L-fim A’ Nm-Tk-Rl-ThP £d-Lp-L-fim RÙu Ee-L-fi- PV T⁄m-TÙ-XÙ]
TPe-Ls. NÍL Ad-L˚\ NÙok-’ øe-Ls ™L œ˚\-YÙ-Lj-RÙu ˘NVp-Th-•-⁄d-
°»oLs.
TÙ¤-U-˙Lk-ßWÙ : ARt-œ Gu-‡-˚PV R≤l-ThP To-N-]Ù-≠h-• J⁄ LÙW-Q-UÙL
C⁄k-ß-⁄d-L-XÙm. SÙu A±-‹-Èo-Y-UÙL Cp-XÙ-Up ÿ›dL ÿ›dL EQo‹ √ß-
VÙL YÙrk-’ Y⁄-T-Yu. ≈”, Nk-ß-VÙ-WÙ-Lm CWi-” TPe-L-˚[-Ÿm Uh-”m-RÙu
Gu-]Ùp øe-Ls œ±l-©-”m NÍ-Ll ©Wd-˚O-Ÿ-Pu G”d-L-ÿ-•k-R-’. C’ J⁄-Td-
Lm C⁄d-L, Gu-‡-˚PV Ut\ TPe-L-∞p NÍL ÆUo-N-]m Cp˚X Gu-T-˚R-Ÿm
Gu-]Ùp Ht-fld- LÙs[ ÿ•-VÙ-’. Ufl-T-•-Ÿm TPj-ßu ÿ•-Æp Bi Ti-¶Pm
Yk-’, SÙu ß⁄k-ß-Æh-˙Pu. YÙ, C≤ SÙm ˙Nok-’ YÙZ-XÙm Gu-°-\Ùu. AYs
ß⁄m© ˙Lh-°-\Ùs. C˙R Æ`-Vj˚R SÙu Ti-¶-Æh-”, Cu-˘]Ù-⁄j-R-˙]Ù-”
œ•j-R-]m SPj-ß-Æh-” Yk-RÙp øe-Ls Ht-fld-˘LÙs-≈o-L-[Ù. CkR ÿ•˚Y NÍ-
Lj-˙RÙ-” Nm-Tk-Rl-ThP Æ`-Vm Cp˚X Gu-fl øe-Ls Gl-T-• ˘NÙp-X-ÿ-•-Ÿm.
54
CkRd ˙LsÆ ˙LÙPÙ-]-˙LÙ-• ˘Ti-Ls RY-fl ˘Nn-°\ Bi-L-∞-Pj-ßp ˙LhL
®˚]j-’d Lh-LÙ-Up ÆhP Ls-Æ. AW-Æk-R-NÙ™ TÙu\ ™L-‹m AZ-LÙ] J⁄
C˚[-Ou AY-˚[d Lh-•d-°-˙\u Gu-fl ˘NÙp-°-\Ùu. AYs AY˚] ®WÙ-L-¨d-
°-\Ùs. ˙RÙt-fll- TÙ-œm J⁄ ˘Ti-‘d-œ Cu- ]Ù-⁄ Bi-RÙu T¨-LÙ-Wm Ap-X.
AYu Cp-XÙ-U-˙X˙V AY-[Ùp YÙZ-ÿ-•-Ÿm Gu-°\ Æ`-Vm Aßp C⁄d-°-\-’.
?øe-Ls, U˙Lk-ß-Wu, TÙW-ß-WÙ_Ù Íu-fl T⁄m Yk-R-˙TÙ-’ R™r £≤-UÙ-Æp J⁄
UÙt-\m ®Lrk-R-’. Al-◊-\m ¡i-”m T˚ZV CPj-’d˙L R™r £≤UÙ ß⁄m-©-
Æh-P-’. ARt-œd LÙW-Qm Gu] Gu-fl ®˚]d-°-»o-Ls?
TÙ¤-U-˙Lk-ßWÙ : A’ LÙXj-’-˚PV Lh-PÙ-V-UÙ-L-d·P C⁄d-L-XÙm. AkRd LÙX-
Lh-Pj-ßp v”-•˙VÙ E - U-VÙ-[o-Ls-RÙu RVÙ- l-TÙ-[o-L-[ÙL C⁄k-RÙo-Ls. AYo-
L-fid-œj RÙe-Ls RVÙ-¨d-œm TPm Re-L˚[l T⁄-˚Ul-T-”j-’-Y-RÙ-L-‹m C⁄d-L-
˙Yi-”m Gu\ Gi-Qm C⁄k-R-’. ÆVÙ-TÙ-Wm ARt-œ A”jR ®˚X-´p-RÙu
C⁄k-R-’. Al-◊-\m v”-•˙VÙ ÿR-XÙ-∞-Ls ˙TÙn Eߨj RVÙ-¨l-TÙ-[o-Ls YWj
˘RÙPe-°-]Ùo-Ls. ©u-]Ù-• Æ®-˙VÙ-Lv-Ro-Ls, ß˚W-V-WeL E¨-˚U-VÙ-[o-Ls
B°˙VÙ-W-’ Bßd-L-ÿm, ß˚Wl-T-Pj ’˚\d-œs Y¤d-Lj ˘RÙPe-°-V-’. Tj-’
ÏTÙn ˙TÙh”, Ëfl ÏTÙn G”l-T-’ Gu-T-’ ˙TÙn, 10 ÏTÙn ˙TÙh”, 1,00,000
ÏTÙn G”d-L-˙Yi-”m Gu\ LQd-œ Yk-R-’. Cl-˙TÙ-’ AkR ®˚X-Ÿm UÙ±-
ÆhP-’. LÙ•d-L-Qd-°p NX-Y-Øj-’ TX LÙ•-Ls Nm-TÙ-ßl-T-’-UÙ] Cl- TÙ˚RV
LQd-œ ÆVÙ-TÙW √ß-VÙ-Ll TÙod-œm-˙TÙ-’-·P CR˚] Gu-]Ùp ◊¨k-’-˘LÙs[
ÿ•-V-Æp-˚X. N¡-Tj-ßp HZ˚W ˙LÙ• ˘NX-Y-Øj-’ G”d-Ll-ThP J⁄ TPm T”-
˙RÙpÆ A˚Pk-R-’. ARt-œ H› TPe-Ls G”d-L-XÙm. SÙu-œ TPe-Ls HUÙt±]Ùp-
·P Íufl Ee-L- [d LÙl-TÙt-±-Æ-”m. Cu- \V £≤UÙ RVÙ- l˚T B˙WÙ-d°Vm
Cp-XÙR J⁄ „Z-XÙ-LjRÙu SÙu TÙod-°-˙\u. ˚Tj-ß-Vd-LÙ-Wj-R-]m.
?R™-Øp UÙt-fl £≤UÙ ÿVt-£-Ls œ±jR Ee-Ls A©l-©-WÙ-Vm?
TÙ¤-U-˙Lk-ßWÙ : A˙]-L-UÙL Ce-œ G”d-Ll-T-”m ÿVt-£-Ls Gp-XÙ-˙U, A˚W-
œ˚\ Ap-X-’ A˚W-˙Yd-LÙh-”j-R-]-UÙ-]-˚Y-Ls RÙu. UÙt-fl £≤UÙ Gu-‡m-
˙TÙ-’, A˚Y AYt-fld-LÙ] ÿ›-≈f-˙NÙ-” YW-˙Yi-”m. A’ Ce-œf NÙj-ß-V-
™p- X. C’ J⁄ Td-Lm C⁄d-L, L˚Xl-T-Pe-Ls Gu-°\ TRj-’-P-‡m G]d-œ EPu-
TÙ-” Cp- X. SpX £≤-UÙ, So- U-VÙ] £≤-UÙ, UÙN-UÙ] £≤UÙ Gu\ ©¨‹Ls-
RÙu C⁄d-L-ÿ-•-Ÿm.
55
?Rt-LÙX EXL £≤UÙ Tt-±V Ee-L-[-’ AY-RÙ-≤l◊ Gu-]-YÙL C⁄d-°-\-’?
TÙ¤-U-˙Lk-ßWÙ : EXL A[-Æp A˚]-Y-⁄˙U J⁄ ©W-™l-˙TÙ-” TÙoj-’d-˘LÙi-
•-⁄l-T-’ CWÙ-≤V £≤-UÙd-L-˚[j-RÙu. SÙu AYt-˚\j ˘RÙPok-’ TÙoj-’-Y-⁄-°-
˙\u. ™Ll ˘T¨V EV-Wj-’d-œ AYo-Ls £≤-UÙ-˚Yd ˘LÙi-” ˙TÙ´-⁄d-°-\Ùo-
Ls. £≤UÙ Gl-T-• C⁄d-L-˙Yi”m Gu-T-’d-LÙ] J⁄ ÿu-UÙ-ß-¨-˚V-Ÿm E⁄-
YÙd-°-Ÿs-[Ùo-Ls. URd-˘LÙs-˚L-L-˚[j æÆ-W-UÙLd L˚Pl-©-•d-œm Ko C]j-ß-
Pm C⁄k-’ Ap-X-’ SÙh-•-≠-⁄k-’ Ck-Rl TPe-Ls NÙj-ß-Vl-Th-•-⁄l-T-’ Bf-No-V-
UÙ] Ju-fl-RÙu. Ae-œs[ CVd-œ-So-L-∞-Pm SÙu ˙T£-´-⁄d-°-˙\u. YÙrd-˚L-Ÿ-
Pu ˙SW-•-VÙ-Lj ˘RÙPo◊ ˘LÙiP £fl-£-fl Æ`-Ve-L˚[ G”j-’ AYo-Ls TPm
Ti-‘-°-\Ùo-Ls. Cu-fl SÙm ©u-Tt-fl-Y-Rt-œ ™Lf N¨-VÙ] ÿu-UÙ-ß-¨-Ls AYo-
Ls-RÙu.
Nk-ßl◊ : A_-Vu-TÙ-XÙ, R[-YÙn —k-R-Wm
@ TÙ¤-U-˙Lk-ß-WÙ-Æu £≤-UÙj-’˚\ A‡-T-Yj˚R ÆYÙ-ßj-’ A‡-T-Yd œ±l-
TÙ-Lj R⁄-L.
@ J⁄ £≤UÙ S•-L-≤-Pm ˙So-LÙ-Qp LÙi-T-Rt-LÙ] Æ]Ù-®-Wp RVÙ-¨j-’ ˙So-
LÙQ-‹m.
56
AX-œ 3
˘RÙu˚U
˘UÙØ Gu-T-’ Ud-Ls Rm L⁄j-’-L-˚[l
T¨UÙ-±d˘LÙs-[l TVu-T-”j’m A¨-V˙RÙo- FP-L-UÙ-œm.
EX°p Tp-˙Y-fl ˘UÙØ-Ls ˙RÙu± Y[ok-’ Y⁄°u-\-]. ˘UÙØ
Gl- TÙ-’ Ge˙L RÙu±-V- Ru-fl Afl-ß- h-”d ·\-ÿ•-VÙ-’. EX-°u
ÍjR ˘UÙØ-L∞p Ju-\Ù] R™r ˘UÙØ-´u ˘RÙu-˚U, ˘Nq-Æ-Vp
Rœ-ß, R≤j-Ru-˚U-Ls, Tp-˙Y-fl ˘UÙØd·fl-Ls, R™r CXd°-Vl
T˚Pl-TÙ -[o -Ls R™r-˘UÙ -Ø-˚Vd ˚LVÙ-fim ÆRm
˙TÙu\Yt˚\ G”j-’-˚Wl-T˙R Cq-Y-X-°u
˙SÙd-Lm.
v ˘UÙØ´u Tp˙Yfl A˚Ul◊L˚[Ÿm·flL˚[Ÿm A±k’˘LÙsfiRp.
v AYt˚\f N¨VÙLl TVuT”jR‹m˙UmT”jR‹m A±Rp.
Lt\p A˚P‹Ls.
57
˘UÙØ
˘UÙØ, UÙØ-Vl-T-”-Y-’, TNl-T-”-Y-’, CVd-L-ÿ- P-V-’, CVe-œ-Y’.
L⁄j-’l ◊Xl-TÙh-”d L⁄-Æ-VÙL Æ[e-œ-Y-’, RL-Yp-L˚[ G”j-’f
˘NÙp-Y-’. AYt-˚\j Rd-L-˚Yj-’d ˘LÙs-Y-’. G›-Rl-T-”-Y-’m ·P.
KÆ-V-UÙ-L-‹m, œ±-L-[Ù-¤m Y˚W-Vl-ThP ARu Ti- PV ®˚X Y[ok’
ÿßok-’ S”e-L-Qd-LÙL UÙ± Y˚W-V- \-Ÿm Tt-\-’. UÙØ Ju\pX,
TX. G≤-‡m AYt-±-˚P˙V E\-‹m ˘RÙPo-◊m Ei-”. E⁄Y ˙Yfl
-TÙ-•-⁄l-©-‡m G›j-ßu J≠, J≠l-©p Jt-fl˚U Ei-”. UÙØd ·fl-
L-∞- P- V-Ÿm Jl-◊- U-Ls LÙQl-T-”-°u-\-]. NÙu-\ÙL ALW J≠ GpXÙ
˘UÙØ-L-∞-¤m Ei-”. R≤j-ß-Ve-œm E´-˘WÙ-≠-Ls GpXÙ ˘UÙØ-L-∞-
¤m Ei-”. ˘TV-⁄m Gi-¶d- L-Ÿm ˙Yfl-T-P-XÙm. Aq-Y-[- Y. Aq-
YÙ˙\ ˘TV-⁄m Æ˚]-Ÿm, ˙Yt-fl-˚U-Ÿm, A˚P-Ÿm, LÙXe-LÙh-”m
·fl-L-fim, Tu-˚U-Ÿm, Gi-œ-±-L-fim GpXÙ ˘UÙØ-L-∞-¤m Ei-”.
˘Yflm J≠-Ls ApX ˘UÙØ. ˘TÙ⁄s ˘TÙßkR J≠L∞u ·h-Pm
A’. A•l-T-˚Pl TÙ⁄-˘[Ù-≠-Ls £X-˙Y-VÙ-´-‡m AYt-˚\l Tp-Y-
˚L-VÙ-Ld LXk’m, Noj-’m, ®Wp-T-”j-ß-Ÿm LÙXj-ßu R˚Yd-˙LtT,
YÙr-Æ-V-≠u Y[of-£d-˙LtT, ◊ßV ◊ßV L⁄j-RÙd-Le-L-˚[l ◊Xl
-T-”jRl TVu- LÙs[ ÿ•-°\ J⁄ C˚Q-V-R-[m A’. U≤-Rf £kR˚]-
´u ÿRu-˚Ul T˚Pl-TÙ] ÿRt -T-˚Pl-TÙ] ˛ ÿ’-T˚Pl-TÙ]
˘UÙØ˙V Ti-TÙ-”, SÙL- -Lm B°-V-Yt-±u LÙs-L-X-UÙLj RÙPo°\’.
J≠l◊ ˘UÙØd-œ ÿRu-˚U-VÙ-]-’ SÙ; Ut-flm ©\ ˙Tf-—-fll-◊-Ls; Es-
˘[-›m LÙtfl; J≠l- Td Lh-œm LÙ’-Ls. AR- ]d Lh-L-ÿ-•-VÙR˛
LÙ’ L[Ù- RÙ-⁄d-LÙ] UÙØ Yfl-Y- L- -]-’. N˚L-Ls ®Wm-©-V’.
G›j-’ ˘UÙØ, KÆV/£j-ßW ˘UÙØ, œ±-L-[Ù-XÙ] ˘UÙØ Gu-T] TÙo-
˚Y-Ÿs-˙[Ù-⁄d-œl TVu-T-Pd ·•-V-’. TÙo- Y-Vt-\-Y-⁄d-œl ©˘W-´p
≠©, Íu-≠© TÙu-fl vT-¨-Nm YØ Et-fl-Qo‹ YÙ´XÙLl T\l-T-
T-”-UÙ-fl G›j-’ UÙØ UÙt-±-V- Ud-Ll-T-”-°-\-’. Cq-YÙ-\- U-Y]˘Yp-
XÙm ˘UÙØ-´u ˘Y∞l-TÙ-”-L˙[; ◊Xl-TÙ-”-L-˙[.
˘UÙØ T—-Rp, UÙØ-V-±-‹, UÙØj-ß-\u Gu-T] UÙØ-´u £X T¨-
UÙ-Qe-L-[Ù-œm. UÙØ T—-Rp Gu-T-ßp C⁄ ®˚X-Ls A˚U-°u-\].
58
˙TÙXf ˘Nn-’ ˙T—Rp Ju-fl. Ltfll ˙T—-Rp Ut- \Ùu-fl. ˘Tt- \Ù-⁄m
EPu ©\l-◊m E\-‹m CpXj-ßu œ”m-Tf „Z-≠p T—-Y- Rd Lh”d
˙Lh-”, œZk-˚R, Ái-Pl-Th-”l ˙TN ÿVp-Y-’ ˙TÙXf ˘Nn-R-XÙL
A˚U-Ÿm. UÙQ-Y-]ÙL, J⁄ ˘UÙØ, ◊’- UÙØ Lt-\p ©u-Y- L- -]-’.
˘UÙØf „Zp UÙ±-V-Æ-Pj-’, ◊ßV UÙØ- Vd Lh-”d- Lh-”l TNp
Gu-T-’ œZk-˚R-Vp-XÙR ©\ T⁄-Yj-ß-]-¨-P-ÿm A˚U-Ÿm YÙnl-◊m
œ•- Vt-\, ÆVÙ-TÙ-W, Y∞-Îol TV-Q, —t-fl-XÙf-„-Z-≠p Ht-T-Pd-·-”m.
˘R¨kRR˚] ˛ ˘R¨kR ˘UÙØ-´˚] A•l-T-˚P-VÙ-Ld ˘LÙi-” ˘R¨-
VÙ-R˚R ˛ ˘R¨V ÿVp-Y-˚Rl ◊¨-V, ˙TN ÿVp-Rp Gu-T-’ Ce-L-˚U-
Y-RÙp, C’ œZk-˚R-´u ˘UÙØl TZd-Lj-ß-≠⁄k’ ˙Yfl-Th-P-’.
£k-R- ]- u ˘Y∞l-TÙ-PÙ-°V ˘UÙØ˙V £k-R-˚]-˚V-Ÿm Ái-”-°-\-’.
CR-]Ùp, L⁄j-’-L-∞u Nh-P-L-UÙ-°V ·PÙ-°V UÙØ- Vl Tt-±V LpÆ
˙RÙu± ˙Um-T-”-°-\-’. A’ ˘UÙØ-V-±‹ B°-\-’. ˘UÙØj ˙RÙt-\d
˘LÙs-˚L-Ls, ˘UÙØd œ”m-Te-Ls, ˘UÙØ Y˚L-Ls, EXL ˘UÙØ-Ls,
˘UÙØl-T-W-Yp, ˘UÙØ Y[of£ Tt-±V ˙LÙh-TÙ-”-Ls, ˙R˚Yd-˙LtT
Y˚[k’m ƨk-’m
˘LÙ”d-œm UÙØ u
ß\m, ©\ UÙØ ŸPu
C˚Q-Ÿm˙TÙ’m LXd-
œm˙TÙ’m S⁄e-œm
˙TÙ’m øe-œm ˙TÙ’-
ÿs[ ARu ˙TÙd-œ,
R≤j-’ ®t-œm Bt-
\p, Ru˚] CZk-’ ˛
Ru˚U CZk-’ ˙Ytfl-
⁄d ˘LÙsfim TÙe-œ,
J≠l-©-¤m (Pronuncia-
tion), G›j’ Y⁄- L- -
¤m (Spelling) Es[ UÙt-\m, T˚ZV] LØ-R-¤d-œm ◊ß-V] ◊œ-R-¤d-
œm CPe-˘LÙ-”j-Rp, R≤j-Ru˚U CZd-LÙ˚U ˛ G] ˘UÙØ-´u, J⁄
˘UÙØ-´u, TX ˘UÙØ-L-∞u CVp˚T ˛ CVp-◊-L˚[ Bnk-’ LiP
ÿ•-‹-Ls UÙØ-V-±-Æp CPm- T-flm. CXd-LQ B£- -Vo UÙØ-V-±‹
™d-L-Yo. ˘UÙØ-´-Vp Bn-Y-±-O-⁄m Cj-R-˚L-V-Y-˙W. AØk-’-˙TÙ]
˘UÙØ-L-fim, CZk-’- TÙ] UÙØ-Lfim, Nq-Æ-Vp UÙØ-L-fim, Tf—
59
˘UÙØ-L-fim·P Bn-‹d-œ- -V-RÙ°
˘UÙØ-V-±‹ YZe-œ-°u-\-]. G›j-
’m CXd LQÿ-™pXÙ ˛ G›-Rl-T-
PÙl Tf-— UÙØ-Lh-œ A˚Y Y˚W-
Vl-˘T-fl -Y -’m ˘UÙØ-V -± -Æu
Æ˚[-YÙ-XÙ-œm. ˘UÙØ-V-±-Æ-≠-
⁄k’ °˚[j-’ UÙØ-VÙn-‹, LÙXj-
ßu R˚Yd- LtT Um-TÙ-”-L-fid-
œ-¨V L⁄-Æ-L˚[ ˘UÙØd-œ YZe-°Pf ˘Nn-°-\-’. Lp-Æd-œm TWl-◊-R-
¤d-œm SWÙL UÙØ˚V G∞˚Ul-T-”j-’-Rp, RWl-T-”j-’-Rp, J⁄- U(l-
TÙ-”) E⁄-YÙd-œ-Rp, œZl-Tm ˛ £dLp ød-°j ˘R∞‹ YZe-œ-Rp Gu-
T] CYt-fls £X-YÙ-œm.
Gk-R- YÙ-⁄ UÙØ-VÙ- -‡m AR- ]d L⁄j-’l ◊Xl-TÙh-•t-LÙ-Ld LVÙ-
fi-Y-ßp Rof£ Y∞l-T-”j-’-Y-’ UÙØj-ß-\-UÙ-œm. Gl-T-•l T—-Y’;
CPm, LÙXm, „Zp, Lh-˙TÙod-˙LtT Gq-YÙfl Tf˚N ÿu-˚Yl-T-’;
Gd-L-⁄j˚R Gq-YÙ-fl Gf- NÙt-L-[Ùp G”j-ß-Vm-◊-Y-’; Lh- TÙ˚W Dod-
œ-UÙ-fl, LY-]j-˚Rj Ru-TÙp, RÙu ·flm ˘TÙ⁄-∞u ˙SWÙnj ß⁄l©
®flj-’-UÙ-fl Gq-Yi-Qm ˘NÙp-XÙ-”-Y-’ Gu\ A±-ß-\u Cm-˘UÙ-Øj
ß\-UÙ-œm. TVu-TÙh-” Æ˚[‹ R⁄-Y-RÙL C’ A˚U-Ÿm. NÙp Y˚X
˙Yh”-Y-]ÙL CR-]Ùp A˚UV ÿ•-Ÿm. ˙Lh-TÙol-©-¶j-’, AYo
˙YQYÙ ˘LÙs-fi-UÙ-fl ˙Tf— A˚U-Rp Cm˘UÙØj ß\-]Ùm.
˘UÙØ G‡m J⁄˚U´-⁄l-©-‡m, ˘UÙØ-Ls TX-Y-˚L-´-]-RÙL A˚U-
Ÿm TÙe-°-]. Jq- YÙ-⁄ UÙØ- -¤m ·P Es-Y- L˚U Ei-”. UÙØ-
´u Bfi-˚L-Ÿm, TVu-TÙ-”m ˙T—-˙YÙ-¨u RWÙ-R-W-ÿm ˙R˚Y-Ÿm,
˚LVÙ-fim „Z-¤m Cq-Y-˚L-˚Ud-œd LÙW-Q-UÙm. ˙Tf-—-˘UÙ-Ø, RW-
˘UÙØ (Standard), CXd-°-V- UÙØ G] Íu-fl A•l-T˚P ®˚X-Ls LÙQ-
ÿ-•-Ÿm. ˙Tf-— ˘UÙØ-´-¤m, °WÙ-Uj-RÙ-≤u ˙Tf-—m, Lp-XÙ-R-Y-≤u
˙Tf—m, ÆVÙ-TÙ-¨-´u ˙Tf-—m, RW-L-≤u ˙Tf-—m ˘Yq-˙Y-fl S˚P
˘LÙs-fim. Lp-Æf „Z-¤m, AWe-Ll ˙Tf-—m, Yp-¤-So LXk-’-˚W-Ÿm
˙TÙu-\] RW-˘UÙ-Øl-TÙe-œ ◊Xl-T-”j-’m. ˘Nq-Æ-Xd-°-Ve-Ls, TX-
’˚\l TÙP-Ëp-Ls, A±-Æ-Vp ˚L˙V-”-Ls, ˘RÙØp-÷hT Bn-˙Y-”-
Ls, ˘TÙ⁄h-Lh-”-˚W-Ls Gu-T] TVu˘LÙs-fim ˘UÙØ˚V CXd°V-
˘UÙØ (Literary Language) G]l Tœd-L-XÙm. ˙Tf-—, CVp◊ ˘UÙØ-VÙ-L,
R™r Lp˘Yh”
60
CVt˚L ˘UÙØ-VÙL A˚U-°-\-˘Ru-\Ùp, CXd-°-V-˘UÙ-Ø, ˘Nq-Æ-VÙd-
Ll-Th-P-RÙ-L, ˘Nn-Vl-Th-P-RÙ-L, Bd-L-UÙ-L, ˘NVt-˚Lj Ru˚U ˘LÙi-P-
RÙL A˚U-Ÿm. ˘UÙØ ˙Um-TÙ-”, ˘UÙØ Y[m, ˘UÙØ Y[of£ G]
CR˚] A‘-L-XÙm.
NUV £j-RÙk-Re-Ls G›-Rl-T-”m ˘UÙØ S˚P-Ÿm, NhP ÷‘d-Le-Ls
Y˚W-Vl-T”m ÿ˚\-Ÿm Ju-\pX; UÙØ Ju-\Ù-´-‡m S˚P-Ÿm ÿ˚\-
Ÿm Yfl-Th-P-]-YÙm. Y¶L A±d- L-Ÿm, U⁄j-’-Yd œ±l-◊m, TÙ±-
-Vp Y˚W-‹m Cq-YÙ˙\ UÙØ- p S˚P- S± Yfl-TÙ-” LÙs-[˙Y
˘Nn-°u-\-]. J˙W Tg-— Tp-Y- L-VÙ] C˚Z-Ÿm B˚P-Ÿm Bd-œ-Y-’
˙TÙX J˙W ˘UÙØ ˛ J˙W G›j-’-Ls ˛ J˙W ˘NÙt-œ-˚Y-Ls Tp-˙Y-fl
◊Xl-TÙ-”-L˚[ YZeL Yp-X˚U ˘LÙs-Y-’ C’.
U≤-R-≤u S˚P ˙Yfl, œß- W- u S˚P ˙Yfl, VÙ˚]- u S˚P- Y-fl.
B]Ùp TVu/ Æ˚[‹ / ®Lr‹ Ju-fl-RÙu. ARÙ-Y-’ ÁWm LPj-Rp,
˘NX-‹. UÙØ-´u TVu-TÙ-”m C’-RÙu. L⁄j-˚Rd LPj-’-°-\-’. J⁄-Y-
-P-™-⁄k-’ Ut- \Ùu-±t-œ Ut- \Ù-⁄-Y-⁄d-œd LÙi-” Np-°-\-’. YÙnl-
◊d-˙LtT ˘Yq-˙Y-fl S˚P-´p! Ah˚P F⁄-°-\-’; ◊› ˘S∞-°-\-’;
œZk˚R RYr-°-\-’; T\˚Y T\d-°-\-’. Gp-XÙm ÁWm LPk-’ ˘Np-Y-
Rt˙L. U≤-Rf £k-R-˚]-˙VÙh-Pm ˘UÙØ˚V Cq-YÙ-˘\p-XÙm TVu-
˘LÙs-[f ˘Nn-°-\-’. ˘U’-YÙ-L, Æ˚W-YÙ-L, YÙŸ-˙Y-Lj-ßp, U˙]Ù-˙Y-
Lj-ßp, (SÙm) UÙØ˚V Gl-T-•d LVÙs-°- \Ùm? T\- Yf £\-LÙ-L-YÙ?
˘UÙØ-VÙp BLÙ-Vj-ßp Tk-Rp ˙TÙP ÿ•-Ÿm. A⁄-Y-UÙ-]-˚R-Ÿm
E⁄-Ym-˙TÙp Æ[d° Y⁄-¶dL ÿ•-Ÿm. Li-ÿu Cp-XÙ-R-Yt-˚\-Ÿm
˘NÙp-˙XÙ-Æ-V-UÙd° U]d-Li-¶p LÙhP ÿ•-Ÿm ˛ Es-[j-ß-˚W-´p
Y˚WV ÿ•-Ÿm ˛ Gi-Qj R[j-ßp TßdL ÿ•-Ÿm. LÙXj-RÙ-¤m CPj-
RÙ-¤m LPk-’ øe-°-V-]-Yt-˚\-Ÿm A⁄-LÙ-˚U-´p ˘LÙQok-’ Ai-™-
˚YdL CV-¤m; Ge-˘Le˙LÙ G”j-’f ˘Np-X-‹m Ch-”f ˘Np-X-‹m
·”m. Lt-T-Lj-ßu Èe-˘LÙm˙TÙ . . . Gufl ˘NÙu-]Ùp ˙RYÙW LÙXj-
ßt-œl ˙TÙL ÿ•-°-\-’. Lt-È-Wm SÙfl˙UÙ . . . Gu-\Ùp Bi-PÙ-[ÙL
UÙ\ CVp-°-\-’. ˙RWÙ Uu]Ù . . . Gu-\Ù˙XÙ TÙi-•-Vu AW-N-˚Yd-
œs ÷˚ZV ÿ•-°-\-’. C’ ˘UÙØ-´u Bt-\p; Yu˚U; Yp-X˚U;
T¨-UÙ-Qm. UÙe-LÙn Gu-\Ùp YÙÎ-fl-°-\-’. ˙Ro‹ Gu-\Ùp ˘Sg-— TP-
T-Pd-°-\-’. TQm Gu-\Ùp YÙn ©[d-°-\-’. LÙRp Gu-\Ùp Es-[m
61
E⁄-œ-°-\-’. ˘UÙØ˙V A‡-T-Y-UÙ-œ-Y-’ ˛ Bd-œ-Y’ C’. UÙh-•t-œ
A˚N- TÙ-Pl ◊p; U≤-R-‡d-œ UpX AYp-RÙu Yi-”- Uu-T-ßp˚X.
˘NÙp ˙TÙ’m. —˚Yj-’ A˚N-˙TÙP CPm R⁄-Y-’ ˘UÙØ; ARu Jq-
˘YÙ-⁄ ·flm.
˘UÙØ, £d-Lp Ht-T-”j-R-XÙm; £d-Lp AÆrd-L-‹m ˘Nn-V-XÙm. YÙnl-
˙Tf-—j RLWÙ-\Ùp £d-Lp Ht-T-”-m˙TÙ-’ ˘UÙØ BŸ-R-UÙ-œm. LXk-’-
˚W-VÙp £d-Lp øe-œm-˙TÙ’ A’ L⁄-Æ-VÙ-œm. R⁄d-L-ÿm UÙØ-VÙp
ÿ•-Ÿm. ß\-]Ùn-‹m ˘UÙØ-VÙp Bœm. Gf-N- d-L-‹m, ßh-P-‹m, G¨k-’-
Æ-Z-‹m ·P A’ F”-˘TÙ-⁄-[Ù-œm.
LÙt-fll TÙu-\-’ UÙØ. LÙ£p-XÙ-Up °˚Pl-T-’. B]Ùp Cu-±-V- U-
VÙ-R-’. E´o, Íf-—. YÙr‹ YZe-œ-°-\-’. A’ Cu-˙\p Bs Cp-˚X.
Bfi˚U Cp- X.
BdL Yp-X-’ ˘UÙØ. AØd-L-‹m Yp-X-’. A’ ˘S⁄l-◊l ˙TÙu-\-’.
A‘-Ndß TÙu-\-’. Gq-YÙ-\- Rd LVÙ-fi-°- \Ù˙UÙ ARt- LtT A’
Aj-R-œ Æ˚[-‹-L˚[, ©u Æ˚[-‹-L-˚[j R⁄m Yp-X-˚U-Ÿ-˚P-V-’.
˘S⁄l◊ SpX Y˚Xd-LÙ-Wu, UÙN-UÙ] G_-UÙu Gu-T-’ TZ-œ- UÙØ.
A‘j-ß-Ws J≠-Ÿm A‘-YÙt-\-¤m Hfld-œ-UÙ-\Ù-Ll ˙TÙ]Ùp SÙNm
®f-N-Vm. RÙ]Ø-Ÿ˙UÙ Cp-˚X˙VÙ NÙok-RÙ-˚W, Nok-RÙ˚W AØd-œm.
U≤-R-‡d-œ ˘Y±. ˘UÙØdœ Cp˚X ˘Y±.
RÙn-˘UÙ-Ø, Rk-˚R-˘UÙØ ˙TÙu\ ˙LÙh-TÙ-”-Ls, Tu-˘UÙ-Øf „Z-≠p
CPm- T-Vo-°u-\-]. UÙØ- T-Vo˙RVd œ•- Vt-\j-ß-]- u œZk- R-Ls,
Lp-Æ-˘UÙ-Ø-VÙ-Ll ©±-˘RÙu˚\ Ht\ UÙQ-Yo ˙TÙu-˙\Ùo, R˚X-ÿ-
˚\-Ls RÙi-•-V-©u, ˘TV-⁄d˙L Rm œZ-Æl-T-⁄Y ˘UÙØ- V, ÍRÙ- R-
Vo ˘UÙØ-˚Vj Rd-L-˚Yj-’d ˘LÙs-°u-\-]o. A˚R A±-Y-ßp-˚X.
Aßp ß\u ˘LÙs-Y-’™p-˚X. ˘UpX ˘UpX ˘UÙØ U˚\V ˛ U\d-
Ll-T-Pd ·”m ˛ AYo-L-˚[l ˘TÙflj-RÙ-Y-’.
Ti-TÙ-”m SÙL- -L-ÿ-ÿs[ Ud-Ls ®˚\k-R, A±-Æ-Vp Y[of£ ™œkR,
CXd-°V Y[u Ke-°V J⁄ EX- L, UÙØ- p-XÙ-R-RÙ-Ld Lt-T˚] ·Pf
˘NnV ÿ•-VÙ-’. EX˚L E - WÙ-” E´ol- TÙ-” Yj-ß-⁄d-°\ UÙØ
CVe-œ-°-\-’; CVd-œ-°\’.
62
˙T—m ß\-‡m J⁄-Y- WÙ- PÙ-⁄-Yo L⁄j-’l T -UÙt-\m Nn-’ LÙs[
˘UÙØ-˚Vl TVu-˘LÙs-Y-’m EX-°p GpXÙ U≤-R-¨-P-ÿm CVp-TÙL
A˚Uk-’s-[-’ Gu\ Gi-Qj-RÙp ˘T⁄m-TÙ-XÙ-]-Yo-Ls CYt-±p
L⁄j’f ˘N¤j-’-Y-ßp-˚X. NÙRÙW-Q-UÙL GpXÙ U≤-R-WÙ-¤m NÙl-©-P-
‹m, ÁeL-‹m, SPd-L-‹m ÿ•-Y’ ˙TÙXj-RÙu ˙T—-Y-’m G] ®˚]j-
’-Æ-”-Rp CVp-◊. C’ KW-[‹ N -RÙu. œZ-Æl T⁄-Yj-ßt-œl©u, CVp-
TÙ] EPp-®- X-Ÿm U]-®- X-Ÿ-ÿs[ Gp- XÙ-WÙ-¤m TN CV-¤m. CR-
]Ù-˙X˙V U≤-Ru "˙T—m ÆXe-œ' G]f —h-Pl-T-”-°u-\Ùu. B]Ùp
©\ E - -]e-L-fim J≠l-TÙp Rm-ÿs L⁄j-’l-T- -UÙt-\m Nn-°u-\].
G≤-‡m A˚Y "˘UÙØ' Gu-fl ˘TVo ˘Tfl-Y-ßp-˚X. ˙R…d-Ls, PÙp-
©u ¡u TÙu-\-]-Yt-±u Cj-R-œ "˙Tf-—' Y∞l-TÙ-”-Ls Tt± Bn‹
TX G›k-’s-[-]. G≤-‡m AYt-±u ®˚X, U≤R ˘UÙØ- u ˘N±
˚Y-˙VÙ, ˘S°r-˚Y-˙VÙ, ˙Uu-˚U-˚V˙VÙ Gk-®-˚X-´-¤m Gh-Pj-Rd-
L] Ap-X.
Ei-‘-Rp, E\e-œ-Rp, SPj-Rp TÙu-\- U-Ÿm CVp-TÙ] U≤-Rj ß\e-
Ls, U≤-R-‡d-œ AYu ˘Tt-˙\Ù-¨u UW-T-‘d-Ls YØ Y⁄-°u-\-].
˘UÙØ Cq-YÙ-fl ˘T\l-T-”-Y-ßp-˚X. ◊¨k-’ ˘LÙs-fi-Rp Ut-flm ˙Tf-
˘NÙ-≠-L˚[ E⁄-YÙd-œm ß\m Uh-”˙U Cq-YÙ-fl ˘T\l-Th-” Y⁄-°u-
\]. ARÙ-Y-’ J⁄-Yo ˙T—m œ±l-©hP ˘UÙØ Ap-X-’ ˘UÙØ-Ls, UW-
T-‘l-TÙ-Wm-T- -Vj-RÙ-Xp-X, Am-U-≤-Ro YÙ›m NÍ-Lf „Z-≠u Ti-TÙh”l
TÙWm-T- -Vj-RÙp Uh-”˙U AY-⁄d-œd °˚Pd-°u-\] Gu-T˙R Ei˚U.
CR-]Ùp ˘UÙØ RÙ˙] ˘T\l-T-”-Y-ßp˚X; Lt-Ll-T-”-°-\-’ G] ®fl-Y-
XÙm. CR-]Ùp UÙ‡-P-Æ-V-XÙ-[o (Anthropologists), ˘UÙØ-˚V-Ÿm, Ti-
TÙ-” LÙW-Q-UÙL Y⁄m SPj-˚R-˙VÙ-” C˚Qd-°u-\-]o.
U≤-Ru œZk- R-VÙ-Ll ©\d-œm TÙ˙R AY-≤-R-Vm ’•d-°-\-’; œ⁄ß
Kh-Pm A˚U-°-\-’; Íf-—d LÙt-fl CVe-œ-°-\-’. B]Ùp, œZk˚R Y[ok-’
Ts∞ ApX’ Lp-Ì-¨l T⁄-Yj-ßp EP-≠Vp Tt-±d Lt-T-ßu YÙ´-
XÙL Uh-”˙U œ⁄ß Kh-Pm Gu-\Ùp Gu-], CR-Vj-’-•l◊ Gl-T-• A˚U-
°-\-’, Íf-£u ˘NVp-TÙ-” Gq-YÙ-fl LÙQl-T-”-°-\-’ Gu-T] Tt-±j ˘R¨k-’-
˘LÙi-” A˚Y Tt-±V A±‹ Tfl-°-\Ùu. UÙØ-Ÿm, œZk˚R ©\kR
„Z-≠- X˙V AR- ]f —t± J≠j-’, œZ-Æl T⁄-Ym ÿR˙X AR-]Ùp
◊¨k-’ ˘LÙs-[l-Th-”l TVu-T-”j-Rl-˘Tt-flY¨-‡m, ˘UÙØ œ±jR
LpÆ Y⁄m ˙TÙ˙R ˘R∞-‹-Ls °˚Pd-°u-\-].
˛ ÿ˚]-Yo. Au-≤-RÙ-U-—
63
Au-≤-RÙ-U-—
R™r Be°Xm, NÍLÆVp, E[ÆVp B°V ’˚\L∞p ÿ’L˚Xl ThPm
˘Tt\Yo. EXLj R™ZÙWÙnf£ ®flY]jßu CVdœSWÙLl T¶VÙt±VYo.
Rt˙TÙ’ UjßV Nm˘UÙØ ®flY]jßp BnY±OWÙLl T¶VÙt± Y⁄°\Ùo.
@ ""˘UÙØVÙp BLÙVjßp TkRp˙TÙP ÿ•Ÿm. A⁄YUÙ]˚RŸm E⁄Ym˙TÙp
Æ[d° Yo¶dL ÿ•Ÿm. Liÿu CpXÙRYt˚\Ÿm ˘NÙp˙XÙÆVUÙd°
U]dLi¶p LÙhP ÿ•Ÿm.'' - CdL⁄jß˚]d LXk’˚WVÙ•j R™r˘UÙØ´u
£\l◊Ls Gu‡m R˚Xl©p Lh”˚W RVÙo˘NnL.
˘NVpTÙ”Ls
64
BWÙp A˚Uj-’ YQe-L-fl Ue-L-Qod-œl È˚N
N˚Uj-’ YQe-Lj Rœ˙UÙ ˛ E˚Ud-Lu-To
Aof-N-˚]-TÙh ˙PVÙ-˘Uu \ÙÏ-Wod LÙß-´˙X
˘NÙt-\-™r TÙ”-˘L-]f ˘NÙu-]-˚U-VÙt ˛ ˘NÙt-T-•˙V
˘Nn-RÙn-SÙp ˙YRk ß˚Lj-˘RÙ-’e-Ll ©j-R-˘]u-fl
˚Yn-RÙnø ˚YRÙ-¤m YÙrj-RÙ˙U ˛ ˘Un-RÙu
C⁄k-R-™˙Z Ÿu]Ù ≠⁄k˙R ≤˚U-˙VÙo
Æ⁄k-R-™rR ˘Uu-\Ù-¤m ˙Yi-˙Pu.
Á’96 Y˚LVÙ] ©W-Tk-ReLfis Jufl Á’. U’˚Wf NÙdLSÙR LP‹∞Pm R™˚ZjÁ’ A‡l◊YRÙLl TÙ•V’ R™rÆ” Á’.
R™r Æ”Á’
65
"Gu-]-Ee-Ls R™rf-˘Np-Ym?'Gu- \- Lh-œm
Gß-¨-Lh˙L C˚Rl-T-ß-XÙnf
˘NÙp-ø-SiTÙ!
ÿu-˚]-´e˙L Tu-˘UÙ-Ø-Ls
Ui-¶u-¡-’
ÿ˚[j-RÙ-¤m Íj-R-˘UÙØ
R™Øp-Es[
Lu-]p- So CXd-°-Ve-Ls R≤j-
˙R-®u-fl
LÙh-”-°u\ J¸ıU¶-Ls Ju-±-
Wi-PÙ?
Uu-≤-V-Sm YÙr-Æ-V-≠u CXd-
L-Qj-’
Y˚W-T-Pm "˘RÙp-LÙl-©-V-Ëp'
Gu- \-·-fl!
A\-˘S-±d˙L "ß⁄d-œ-\s'-RÙu!
LÙRp-YÙr-Æu
Au-◊- S-±l ˘T⁄m-◊- R-Vp
"AL-SÙ-Ú-fl'!
U\d-L-Xe-Ls Lp-˘Yh˙P
"◊\-SÙ-Ú-fl'!
YW-XÙt-fll Tß- Y˙P "£Xm-
TÙm'!D˚L
˘S±d-œ U¶-˙U-L-˚X-RÙu!
UQ-Æu-Tj˚R
˙So£k-RÙ-U¶ ˘VÙu-˙\-Æ-Vl-
TÙnd LÙh-”m!
T˚\-V-˚\k-’ R™r-˙Yk-Ro
≈Wm-D-Wm
Td-œ-Y-UÙn ˘UÙØ-Y-’-RÙu
"Tßt-fll-Tj-’'!
Æ›-™-V-Ëp "SÙX-•-VÙo'
J›d-Lf Nh-Pm!
˘Yt-±d˙L "L≠e-Lj-’l-T-W¶'!
SÙh-•u
G’ R™rf ˘Np-Ym?
˘Nm- UÙ-Øj Rœ-ßl-TÙ-”-Ls
l ˘RÙu˚U
l ©\-˘UÙ-Øj RÙd-L-™u˚U
l RÙn˚U
l R≤j-Ru˚U
l CXd-°V Y[m, CXd-L-Qf £\l◊
l ˘TÙ’-˚Ul Ti◊
l S”-‹-®- X˚U
l Ti-TÙ-”, L˚X, Th-P-±‹ ˘Y∞l
-TÙ-”
l EVo-£k-R˚]
l L˚X CXd-° -Vj R≤j-Ru˚U
˘Y∞l-TÙ-”
l ˘UÙØd ˙LÙh-TÙ-”
G]l Tß-˘]Ù-⁄ Rœ-ßl-TÙ-”-L˚[
A±Æ-Vp R™-Z-±-Oo ÿ—j-R-TÙ-‹m
˘UÙØ Yp-¤-So-L-fim Y˚WV-flj-’s-
[Ùo-Ls.
66
AZ-œ-Qoj-’m "S[- YiTÙ'!
˘NÙp-XÙh-£d˙L
A⁄e"LmT CWÙ-UÙ-V-Q'k-RÙu
NÙh£!
TØ-LÙQÙ Ys-[p-L-∞u ˘LÙ˚P-Ÿs
[j-˚Rl
"TÙQÙt-fll T˚P'-Ëp-Ls TPm-©-•d-
œm!
T˚Z-V-◊-LÙo Ht-fl-U-ßl T⁄- U- Vp-XÙm
"Th-•-]l-TÙ˚X' LÙh-”m
A⁄˚U Gu˙]?
ÿj-’"-Sk-ßd LXm-T-L'˙UÙ
R™-›d-LÙL
Íf-£-ZkR UÙ]-Uu-]u
UÙi-˚Td ·flm!
Rj-’-Ye-Ls YÙr-L-P˙X "£j-Ro-
TÙ-Pp'!
"RXl-TÙ-Pp' Ui-U-Qj-ßu
NÙu-\Ùn-®t-œm!
Æj-R-Lo-Ls "TÙWß' "TÙ˙Yk-Ro'
TÙPp
ÆØ-ß-\dL ˚Yj-R-Ru˙\Ù
R™-Zo Rm-˚U?
Gj-R-˚]˙VÙ C‡m-˘NÙp-˙YÙm;
˙RÙZÙ! ˙Lh-”m
CLrk-’-˚Wl-˙TÙo "ÆØ-
˘Tt\œ⁄Po' Gu-˙TÙm!
-˛ YZ˙YkRu
˙YZ˙YkRuCYo 05.05.1936 Cp LÙW¶ Gu\ £tÒ¨p ©\kRYo. CYo LÆO⁄mYZdL±O⁄m BYÙo. ÿ.Y.Æu UÙQYo. AiQÙÆPm ™œkRD”TÙ”˚PVYo. R™˙Zfl Gu\ œfleLÙl©Vj˚Rl T˚Pj’s[Ùo.CYW’ LÆ˚RLs ˙YZ ˙YkRu LÆ˚RLs Gu\ ˘RÙœlTÙL˘Y∞´PlTh”s[’. SÙ˚[V EXLm, LÙƨ, T˚LdLPp, T˚Pl◊, G’CuTm ˙TÙu\ LÆ˚RL˚[l T˚Pj’s[Ùo. ˘Sg—m ®˚]l◊m, SÙ”m ˘UÙØŸm,LÙR¤m LiΩ⁄m, YÙr‹m YØŸm ˙TÙu\ LÆ˚RLfim CYW’ LÆ˚R˘RÙœl◊dœs APeœm.
˘NÙpG›j’Ls ApX’ J≠Ls
R≤j˙RÙ ˙Nok˙RÙ Yk’ J⁄ ˘TÙ⁄˚[jR⁄UÙ]Ùp A’ ˘NÙp G]lT”m. (G.”)
B, ˙LÙ, æ GuTYt±p Ko G›j’Uh”˙U Yk’ ˘TÙ⁄˚[j Rk’
˘NÙpXÙ°\’. CqYÙfl Y⁄m ˘NÙtL˚[K˘W›j’f ˘NÙp G]XÙm. CXdLQËXÙo CR˚] K˘W›j’ J⁄ ˘UÙØ
GuTo.˘NÙp˚Xd °[Æ, ˘UÙØ, YÙoj˚R
G]‹m œ±l©”Yo GuT˚R Ceœ®˚]Æp ˘LÙs[ ˙Yi”m. CWh˚Pd°[Æ, JmT˚Pd°[Æ, R”UÙfl °[ÆGu˘\pXÙm Y⁄m CPeL∞p °[Æ
GuT’ ˘NÙp˚Xd œ±d°u\’. T—, LÙ—,UXo RÙU˚W, T\˚Y, CXdLQm ˙TÙu\
˘NÙtL∞p Ju±tœ ˙UtThP G›j’LsYk’s[]. K˘W›j’ ˘NÙp¤dœ ˙U¤m
£X G”j’dLÙh”Ls R⁄L˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛, ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛, ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛,˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛, ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛, ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛CWi˘P›j’, Íu˘\›j’SÙu˘L›j’f ˘NÙtLfidœ
G”j’dLÙh”Ls R⁄L.˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ , ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ , ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ , ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛
AßLThNUÙL GjR˚] G›j’f˘NÙtL˚[d LiP±kRÙn? A’ GkRf ˘NÙp
˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛, ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛, ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛,˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛, ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛, ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛
67
Ge-Ls R™r
TÙW-ß-RÙ-Nu (1891 - 1964)CVt-˘T-Vo L]-L-—l-◊-Wj-ß-]m. ◊’f-˙N-¨-´p ©\k-RÙo. TÙi-•-Vu-T-¨-—,œ”mT Æ[d-œ, AZ-°u £¨l◊ B°-V˚Y CY-W-’ Ëp-L-[Ù-œm. CY-W-’©£-WÙk-˚R-VÙo Gu\ SÙP-L-Ëp NÙ°jV Ad-LÙ-P™ T¨— ˘Tt\ Ëp.
C≤-˚Uj R™r-˘UÙØ GU-’ ˛ GUd
°u-Tk R⁄m-T-• YÙnj-R-Sp Aÿ-’!
L≤-˚Vl ©Øk-ßhP NÙfl ˛ Ge-Ls
Lß-´p EVok-ß-P-VÙm-˘Tt\ ˙Tfl!
R≤-˚Uf —˚Y-Ÿs[ ˘NÙp˚X ˛ Ge-Ls
R™-Ø-‡m ˙Y˘\e-œm-VÙe-LiP ßp˚X!
S≤-Ÿi-” S≤-Ÿi-” LÙRp ˛ R™r
SÙh-•-]o VÙYod-œ˙U R™r ¡ßp
(C-≤-˚Uj)
R™r-Ge-Ls E´o-GuT RÙ˙X ˛ ˘Yp-¤k
RW-ÿi-” R™-Z-⁄d-°l-◊Æ ˙U˙X
R™r-Gu-≤p Gm-ÿ-´ol ˘TÙ⁄-[Ùm ˛ Cu-Tj
R™r-œu-fl-˙Up R™r SÙ˘Pe-œm
C⁄-[Ùm.
R™-›i-” R™r-UdL fii-” ˛ Cu-Tj
R™-›d-œ SÙfim-˘Nn-˙YÙm-SpX ˘RÙi-”
R™r-Gu-fl ˙RÙs-Rh• B”! ˛ SpX
R™r-˘YpL ˘YpL Gu˙\ ß]m-TÙ-”!
(C-≤-˚Uj)
˛ TÙW-ß-RÙ-Nu
C⁄Y˚Lf ˘NÙtLs
˘NÙtLs A•lT˚P´p ˘TVof˘NÙp Æ˚]f ˘NÙp G]C⁄Y˚LlT”m.
˘TVof˘NÙp
UdLs, Sm˚Uf —t±Ÿs[E´⁄s[ Utflm E´¨pXÙR˘TÙ⁄hLs, CPeLs, Ti◊Ls˙TÙu\Yt˚\d œ±dœm ˘NÙp˘TVof˘NÙp G]lT”m.LiQu,AÿRÙ˛ UdLs ˘TVoVÙ˚], TÙm◊, U´p ˛ ©\E´¨]l˘TVoU˚X, UWm, œ[m, „¨Vu˛CVt˚Ll ˘TÙ⁄sL∞u ˘TVo˘YlTm, œ∞o, AZœ, L⁄˚Q˛Ti◊l ˘TVoß⁄Y]kR◊Wm, TÙXdLÙ”,C”d°˛ CPl˘TVoG]l TX ®˚XL∞p˘TVof˘NÙtLs A˚UŸm.
68
@ R™r-˘UÙ-Ø-´u R≤j-Ru-˚U-L˚[ EQoj-’UÙfl LÆ˚R T˚PdL.
@ R™r-˘UÙ-Ø-´u ˘RÙu-˚U-Ÿm £\l-◊-L-fim Gu-‡m R˚Xl-©p L⁄j-R-We-Ld
Lh”˚W RVÙo˘Nn-L.
@ R™r-˘UÙ-Ø-˚Vj RY-±u±l ˙T—-Y-Rt-œm G›-’-Y-Rt-œ-UÙ] YØ-ÿ-˚\-L-˚[d
œ±j-’ J⁄ Th-•-Vp RVÙ-¨j-’ AR˚] A±d-˚L-VÙL ˘Y∞-´-”-L.
˘NVpTÙ”Ls
69
˘UÙØ´V≠p J≠´Vp
˘UÙØ´Vp
˘RÙpLÙl©Vo LÙXjß≠⁄k’ RÙufl˘RÙh”j RÙPok’ LÙXeLÙXUÙL
Y[ok’ YkR’ CXdLQj’˚\VÙœm. CXdLQm UW©u A•lT˚P´p ®uflm
˘UÙØ´u A˚Ul◊ ÆßL˚[ G”j’dLÙh”LfiPu Æ[d°]Ù¤m AYt±t LÙ]
LÙWQeL˚[d ·\Æp˚X. ˘UÙØ´Vp GuT’ ˘UÙØ´u CVp˚T Æ[d
œY’Pu ARu CVpTÙ] Ru˚U´˚] Æ[d° Y˚WV˚\ ˘Nn°\’. ˙U¤m
A±ÆVp TÙo˚YŸPu TÙodL ÿVp°\’. A±ÆVp A•l-T- P- p Ju±˚]d
·ok’ ˙SÙdœ°\’. A±Rp Ru˚U ˘LÙi”m ARu ©u◊ Jl©h”m, Bn‹
˘Nn’m Cflß´p ˘UÙØ´VXÙ[o-Ls J⁄ ÿ•‹dœ Y⁄°u\]o. CkR Bn‹
ÿ˚\´p ÿRu ÿR≠p Bn‹ NnV Gi¶VYoLs U˚XSÙh•]˙WVÙYo.
AYo YØ´pRÙu R™r ˘UÙØ´¤m ˘UÙØ´Vp Bn‹ S˚P-˘Tt-\’
˘UÙØ´Vp A±YÙp, J⁄ ˘UÙØ´˚]d Lt\±YRtœd LÙXm GuT’ ™Ld
œ˚\YÙL˙Y B°\’.
˘UÙØ´Vp Ti◊Ls
˘UÙØ´u CVp©˚] BWÙŸm J⁄ A¨V L˚Xdœ ˘UÙØ´Vp Gufl ˘TVo.
˘UÙØ´Vp ’˚\ 19˛Bm Ët\Ùi”dœl©u R≤j’˚\VÙL Y[ok’ Y⁄°\’.
˘UÙØ´Vp GuT’ ˘UÙØ´u Tp˙Yfl Ti◊L˚[ Æ[dœY’. CXdLQÿm
˘UÙØ´V¤m ˘S⁄e°V ˘RÙPo◊˚PV]. CXdLQ A±Æu Y[of£˙V
˘UÙØ´V˚Xj RÙtflÆj’s[’. C⁄kRÙ¤m, Cufl UÙØ´V≠u TWk’ThP
Y[of£VÙp, CXdLQm, UÙØ´V≠u J⁄ TœßVÙL APe°ÆhP’. UÙØ´V
XÙ]’ CXdLQj˚RŸm J⁄ TœßVÙLd LÙi” Y[ok’ÆhP’. J⁄ TÙo˚Y
´p CXdLQm RÙn Gu°u\ ˘TÙ›’ ˘UÙØ´Vp ˙Nn Gufl GiQlT”
°\’. B]Ùp Gu] RYm ˘NnRÙ˙]Ù Gufl EXL˘UXÙm ˙TÙtflmT• ˙Nn
Cufl EX°p ÿkß ®t°\Ùs. Cufl ˘UÙØ´Vp ˘T¨V BXUWUÙLd LÙh£
R⁄°\’.
˘UÙØ´Vp ©¨‹Ls
˘UÙØ´Vp ˘UÙØ´u CVp˚T Y˚WV˚\lT”j’Y’Pu AR˚]
A±ÆVp Li-˘LÙi-” Æ[dœ°\’. ˘UÙØ´˚]d ·ok’ ˙SÙd° A±Rp,
Jl©h” Bn‹ Ut˘LÙs[p, Cflß´p J⁄ ÿ•Æ˚] Ht\p G] UÙØ´Vp
YÙßLs L⁄j’˚Wd°u\]o. TX LÙXUÙL Y[ok’ YkR CXdLQj’˚\VÙ]’
70
LÙXjßt˙LtTl ◊’◊’f £kR˚]LfiPu L˚Xf˘NÙtL˚[d ˘LÙi”
˘UÙØ´VXÙL Y[okß⁄d°\’.
J≠˚Vl (Sound) Tt±V Bn‹ J≠´Vp (Phonetics) Bœm. J⁄
˘UÙØdœj ˙R˚YVÙ] J≠L˚[d LiP±k’, AkR J≠Lfidœ "Y¨Y•Ym'
(Letter form) ˘LÙ”j’, Bn‹ ˙Ut˘LÙsY˚R J≠V≤Vp (Phonemics) GuTo.
˘TÙ⁄˙[Ù” ˘RÙPo◊˚PV]YÙL C⁄lT’ E⁄Tu (Morphemes)L[Ùœm.
E⁄TuL∞u A˚NL˚[ Bn‹ ˘NnRp GuT˚R E⁄T≤Vp (Morphology)
GuTo.
˘TÙ⁄˚[j R⁄YRtœ A˚NLs ˙Nok’ ˘NÙtL[ÙL Y⁄°u\]. Af
˘NÙtLs ˘RÙPok’ ®ufl YÙd°VeL[ÙLl ©\d°u\]. CqYÙfl ˘TÙ⁄˚[
EQoj’m ˘RÙPoTt±V ˘UÙØ´V˚Xj ˘RÙP¨Vp (syntax) Gu\]o.
˙U˙X ·\lThP CmÍufl ˘T⁄m ·flL˙[ ˘UÙØ´V≠u ©¨‹Ls
G]‹m, ˘UÙØ´V≠u A•lT˚Pd ·flLs G]‹m œ±l©”°u\]o. CkR
Íufl A˚Ul◊d ·flL˚[ Bn‹ ˘NnY˚R˙V ˘UÙØ´Vp Gu°˙\Ùm.
˘UÙØdœm, ˘UÙØ ˘Y∞lT”j’m ˘TÙ⁄fidœm C˚P˙V Es[ ˘RÙPo˚Tl
˘TÙ⁄i˚U´Vp (Semantics) Gu°˙\Ùm.
J≠´Vp (Phonetics)
˘UÙØ GuT’ TÙ⁄˚[j R⁄°u\ Tf˘NÙ≠L[Ùp E⁄YÙ]’ G]XÙm.
CqYÙfl ˘TÙ⁄˚[j R⁄°u\ TX Y˚LVÙ] ˙Tf˘NÙ≠L˙[ (Speech sounds)
TXY˚LVÙ] G›j’L[ÙL E⁄YÙœ°u\]. G]˙Y GpXÙ G›j’Lfim
Ei˚U´p YÙ˘VÙ≠Ls (Oral sounds or Vocal sounds) G]lT”°u\]. B˚LVÙp
G›j’L∞u ©\l◊, Ru˚U, Y˚L, ˘RÙ˚L ˙TÙu\] GpXÙm YÙ´p ©\dœm
J≠L[Ùœm.
˘NÆVÙp EQ⁄m Cq˘Y›j’Lfid˘L] A˚UkR Y¨Y•YeL˙[
Li‘dœd LÙh£ R⁄m Y¨Y•Y G›j’Ls (Script or Alphabet) Bœm. J≠
®˚X´p A˚UkR G›j’L∞pXÙUp Y¨Y•Y G›j’Ls A˚UVÙ’. Y¨Y•Y
G›j’L[Ù]’ J≠´˚]l Ttfls[ Y¨Y•Y G›j’Lfid˙LtT "Y¨Y•Ym'
UÙt±V˚UdLlT”m G]XÙm. Y¨Y•Ym˘LÙiP G›j’L[Ù]’ J⁄ ˘UÙØd
˘L] A˚UV‹m ˘NnVXÙm A˚UVÙU¤m C⁄dLXÙm. CRt˘L] Li•l◊
Cp˚X. Cu˚\V A±ÆVp SÙL¨Ll TiTÙh•u TZdL YZdLeLfid˙LtT
UdLs ReL∞u ˘UÙØLfid˘L] Y¨Y•Y G›j’L˚[ A˚Uj’d˘LÙs°u
\]o. B]Ù¤m, Cl˘TÙ›’m TX ˘UÙØLs "Y¨Y•Ym' CpXÙUp Es[].
J≠ Y•Y G›j’Ls ˙Yfl, Y¨Y•Y G›j’Ls ˙Yfl G]l ©¨j’ Æ[d
LÙRRÙp CXdLQ ËpL∞¤m, ˘UÙØ´Vp ËpL∞¤m TX CPoTÙ”Ls
71
HtTh”s[]. J≠Y•Y G›j’L˙[ ÿRXÙ]RÙL‹m, ÿRu˚UVÙ]RÙL‹m
EQoY˘RuT’ ÿd°VUÙ]RÙœm. G›j’ GuT’ ˘NÆ´]Ùp EQWlT”m
J≠Y•Yj˚R˙V œ±dœm.
R™r˘UÙØ G›j’Ls ©\dœm ÿ˚\L˚[Ÿm Am˘UÙØ´u A•l
T˚P´X˚UkR NÙtTÙœTÙh•˚]Ÿm LÙiTRtœÿu CVpTÙLl Tf˘NÙ≠Ls
©\dœm ÿ˚\L˚[Ÿm Aq˘YÙ≠L∞u Tœl◊ ÿ˚\L˚[Ÿm A±k’˘LÙs
Y’ ÿd°VUÙ]RÙœm. C˚R˙V J≠´V≠u ˘TÙ⁄s G]lT”°\’. ˘RÙpLÙl
©Vo ˙TÙu\ CXdLQ B£¨VoLs R™r˘UÙØ´u J≠ Y•Yjß˚]Ÿm
©\l©˚]Ÿm Æ[d° G›j’L˚[Ÿm Y˚L RÙ˚LlT”jߟs[]o. CXdLQl
B£¨VoL∞u J≠´Vp L⁄j’L˚[ Ceœ Jl©h”l TÙodL Gi¶]Ùp
R™r˘UÙØ G›j˘RÙ≠L∞u YWXÙt˚\j ˘R¨k’˘LÙsfiYRtœl ˘T¨’m
’˚Q◊¨Ÿm. C⁄l©‡m Cufl ˘UÙØ´Vp’˚\´p J≠´V˚Xj ˘R¨k’
˘LÙs[ ER‹m ÷iL⁄ÆLs AßLUÙL Y[ok’s[]. G]˙Y, ˘RÙpLÙl©Vo
ÿRXÙ] CXdLQl B£¨VoL∞u LÙXjßp Cu˚\V LÙX ˘UÙØ´Vp
L⁄ÆLs Cp˚XVÙRXÙp AYoL∞u L⁄j’Ls TpY˚L´¤m œ˚\TPd
·\lTh”s[RÙL˙Y ·\XÙm.
˘RÙpLÙl©V⁄m SÙdœ, CRr, AiQm, Tp ÿR≠VYt±u ’˚Q
´˚]d˘LÙi˙P J≠´˚] Æ[d°f ˘Np°u\Ùo. ˘UÙØ´V˚X BWÙn
˙YÙ⁄dœ J≠˚V Æ[dLl TVuT”m L⁄ÆLs GpXÙm J≠Ÿfll◊L˙[ Bœm.
J≠´u ˙RÙt\jß˚] Æ[d°d LÙh”m˘TÙ›’ Jq˘YÙ⁄ U≤R‡m
J≠Ÿfll◊L˚[j ˘RÙØtT”jß Jq˘YÙ⁄ J≠´˚]Ÿm G›lT ÿ•Ÿm
Gu°u\]o.
ÿu≤Wi” ÿ˚\Lfim ˘UÙØ´V≠p J≠´V≠u Bn‹dœl
TVuTPÆp˚X. Íu\ÙYRÙ] EfN¨l◊ J≠´Vp (Articulatory phonetics)
BWÙnf£RÙu ©uTt\lThP’. LÙWQm G∞˚UVÙ] Bn‹ÿ˚\ GuTRÙp
˘UÙØ´VXÙ[o-Ls CR˚] G”j’d˘LÙiP]o. Cmÿ˚\VÙ]’ £\l◊\ Y[ok-
’s-[-’.
øiP LÙXUÙL J⁄Yu R]dœj ˘R¨VÙR ˘UÙØ ˙T—°u\ CPjßp
Re°]Ùp EfN¨l◊ J≠jRu˚U UÙ\ÙUp ˙TNÿ•Ÿm. AkR ˘UÙØ´u J≠
Y˚LL˚[d LtL˙Yi•V ˙R˚Y´p˚X. B]Ùp ClT´t£´˚] GjR˚]
˙TWÙp T\ ÿ•Ÿm? U¤m, CRtœd LÙXÿm, TQÿm R˚Y´pXÙUp NXYÙ
LXÙm. G]˙Y, UÙØ R¨kR J⁄Y˙]Ù” Am˘UÙØ˚Vd LtL ÿV¤m˘TÙ›’,
˘UÙØ´˚]d Ltfld˘LÙsTYu J≠lT´t£´˚] Suœ A±k’˘LÙsfi°\Ùu.
˙U¤m J≠Ÿfll◊L∞u Y˚LL˚[Ÿm AYt±]Ùp G›m ˘RÙØpL˚[Ÿm
A±kß⁄d°u\ LÙWQjRÙp ©\ ˘UÙØ´¤s[ J≠L˚[ G∞ßp ˘R¨k’
72
˘LÙsfi°\Ùu. A”jRRÙL AkR ˘UÙØ´u J≠L∞p LÙQlT”m ˘RÙPo◊Ls
ÍXm, A•lT˚P Efll◊L∞u NVpL˚[ BWÙnk’ Suœ A±k’˘LÙs°\Ùu.
CkR A•lT˚P´p Al◊ßV UÙØ´˚] AY]Ùp T•j’d˘LÙs[ ÿ•°\’.
˙Tf˘NÙ≠´u ˙RÙt\m ˛ J⁄ Æ[dLm
J≠´u ˙RÙt\j˚Rl Tt± Bn‹ ˘NnŸm˘TÙ›’ AYt±u Íufl
ÿ˚\L˚[l Tt± Æ[dL ÿtT”°u\]o.
1. LÙt±u CVdLm (Air Mechanism)
2. œWp ˙RÙt\m (Pharyngeal Mechanism)
3. EfN¨l◊ ®˚X (Articulatory Mechanism)
EP¤fll◊dLs £XYt±u ˘NVpTÙ”L[Ùp ˙Tf˘NÙ≠Ls ˙RÙufl
°u\]. Cf˘NVpL˚[ "J≠jRp' ApX’ "J≠l◊' G]d ·\XÙm. Cl˙Tf˘NÙ≠
Lfidœl TVuT”m Efll◊L˚[˙V ˙Tf—fll◊Ls Gu°˙\Ùm. EP≠p
Cl˙Tf—fll◊Ls Es[ Tœß´˚] "˙Tf£u ©\lTLm' G]‹m ·\XÙm. J≠
˙RÙuflYRtœ APe°V Tf—fll◊dL[ÙL CRr, Tp, AiQm, SÙdœ, RÙi˚P,
œWpY˚[, ÷˚W¬WpLs, Íf—dœZp, J≠jR˚NLs TÙu\˚YL˚[d ·\XÙm.
÷˚W¬WpLs, Íf—dœZp, RÙi˚P, YÙVLm, ÍfNLm B°V Ikß˚]Ÿm "Y∞
˘NpYØLs' G]d œ±dLXÙm.
LÙt\Ù]’ YÙnYØVÙL‹m, Ídœ YØVÙL‹m Es∞›dLlTh”, ©u◊
˘Y∞˙VtflRp T¶Ÿm Ceœ ®Lr°\’. CR˚] Íf— YÙeœRp ApX’
—YÙ£jRp Gu°˙\Ùm. Es∞›dLlTh”d LÙtfl UÙo©¤s[ ÷˚W¬WpL∞p
˙TÙnf N⁄°\’. CkR ÷˚W¬WpL[Ù]’ Y´t±u UtTœß´p Re°Ÿs[].
C’ R˚NVÙp ˙YVlTh”s[’. CjR˚NL˙[ A›jRm ˘Nn’, ÷˚W¬W¤d
œs∞⁄dœm LÙt˚\ ˘Y∞˙V Rsfi°\’. ˘Y∞˙Vflm LÙt\]’ Íf—dœZp
YØVÙLf Nufl, œWp Y˚[˚Vd LPk’ RÙi˚P˚V A˚Pk’ YÙn YØVÙL
‹m Ídœ YØVÙL‹m ˘Y∞˙Vfl°\’. CqYÙ\ÙL ˘Y∞Y⁄m LÙt˚\d œWp
Y˚[j R˚NLs, SÙdœ, CRrLs, AiQm, TtLs ˙TÙu\]Yt±p R”j’m,
A˚Pj’m, AßW‹m ˘NnVlT”°\’. Aq˙Y˚[´pRÙu ˙Tf˘NÙ≠Ls
˙RÙufl°u\]. Jq˙YÙo J≠Ÿm ©\l©u NVXÙp Tp˙Yfl Y˚LlThPRÙLl
©\d°u\].
˘_oUu SÙh” UÙØ´Vp A±Oo Gm. Gf. TÙoTWÙ vhWÙe J≠´˚]l
Tt± BWÙŸm˙TÙ’ EPm©¤s[ ˚L, LÙpL˚[j RÆW, ©\ Efll◊Ls
A˚]j’m J≠´u ©\l◊dœj ’˚Q ®t°u\] Gu°\Ùo. Sm CXdLQ
73
B£¨VoL˙[Ù ˘Sg—, ™Pfl, R˚X, CRr, SÙdœ, Tp, AiQm, Ídœ Gu‡m
Efll◊L˚[˙V ÿd°VUÙ]RÙLd œ±l©”Yo.
J≠Ÿfll◊Lfim ARu ˘RÙØpLfim
÷˚W¬Wp ÿRp ER”Y˚W Es[ Efll◊L∞u ˘RÙØp ˙Tf˘NÙ≠L˚[l
©\l©dLf NnYRÙœm. J≠Ÿfll◊L∞u RÙØpL˚[ J≠lT´t£ Tt\Y]Ùp
EQok’ ˘LÙs[ ÿ•Ÿm. Cj˘RÙØpL˚[ Gdv ˛ LßodL⁄Æ Utflm
XÙ¨eLÙv˙LÙl ÍXm VÙY⁄m LiQÙp TÙodLXÙm. ÷˚W¬W≠≠⁄k’ CRrLs
Y˚WŸs[ Efll◊L˚[Ÿm CVdœm J≠jR˚NL˚[Ÿm C’ œ±d°\’.
J≠Ÿfll◊L˚[d œ±dœm TPm ∏˙Z RWlTh”s[’.
J≠Ÿfll◊Ls
1. CRr / ER” (Lips)
2. Tp (Teeth)
3. ÷≤ViQm (Alveolar ridge . alveolum)
4. C˚PViQm (Dome)
5. ÿRXiQm / L˚PViQm (Velum)
6. EsSÙdœ (Uvula)
7. SÙÆ∞m◊ (Blade of the tongue)
8. ÷≤ SÙ (Tip of the tongue)
9. C˚P SÙ (Centre / front of the tongue)
10. L˚P SÙ (Dorsum)
11. A• SÙ (Root of the tongue)
12. ÍdL˚\ (Nasal cavity)
13. ÍdL˚\ YÙ´p (Velic)
14. ÿu˘RÙi˚P (Pharynx)
15. LÙtfldœZp Í• (Epiglottis)
16. J≠jR˚NLs (Vocal chords)
17. LÙtfldœZp (Trachea)
18. œWpY˚[ (Larynx / Adam's Apple)
74
CRr / ER” (Lips)
CRrL∞u ˘NVpL∞]Ùp ©\dœm J≠-L˚[ CRr J≠Ls (Labials)
Gu\]o. ∏ØR›m, ˙U≠R›m ˙Nok’ LÙt±˚]j R”j’ ®flj’°\’.
CqÆRrLs ˙N⁄ ™Pjßp, £±V C˚P˘Y∞˚Vd ˘LÙ”j’, AR≤˚P˙V
LÙt˚\f ˘N¤jß AßWf ˘NnVXÙm.
Aeœ ""CRØ˚Vk’ ©\lT] "TLÙW', "ULÙWm' Bœm. ∏ØR›m, Tp¤m
˘TÙ⁄k’m ®˚X´p "YLWm' G‡m Tp≠Rr J≠ (Labio Dental) ©\dœm. Tp≠Rr
C˚QV "YLÙWm' ©\dœm G]j ˘RÙpLÙl©Vo ·fl°\Ùo.
Tp (Teeth)
˙T—YRtœ ˙UtTpY¨˚NŸm ∏rTpY¨˚NŸm TVuT”°u\]. ClTp
Y¨˚NL˚[ SÙdLÙ¤m CRrL[Ù¤m ˘RÙh”m, AYt±t°˚P˙V C˚P˘Y∞
˚Vd ˘LÙ”j’m J≠L˚[ G›lTf ˘NnVXÙm. AqYÙfl G›m J≠L˚[l
Tp˘XÙ≠Ls GuTo. RÙpLÙl©Vo, Tp ÿRp U⁄e°p SÙ ÷≤TWk’, Jt\j
RÙ™≤’ ©\dœm RLÙW SLÙWm ©\dœm Gu°\Ùo.
AiQm (Upper Palate)
YÙ´u ˙UtTœßVÙ] L•]lTœß AiQUÙœm. EsSÙd°˚] A”j
ß⁄dœm Tœß ˘Uu˚UVÙL C⁄dœm. ¡Rÿs[ Tœß L•]UÙ]˚YVÙœm.
AiQj˚R Íu\ÙLl TœlTo. ˙UtTpY¨˚N˚V A”jß⁄dœm Tœß ÷≤
AiQm (Alveolar ridge. Alveolum. Alveolar region), ARtL”jR Tœß C˚PViQm
(Dome), ARtL”jR Tœß L˚PViQm (Velum) Bœm. RÙpLÙl©V⁄m ÿRpSÙ
AiQm, C˚PSÙ AiQm, L˚PSÙ AiQm G] Íu\ÙLl ©¨d°\Ùo. ˙Ut
RÙ˚P A˚NVÙ’. ∏rjRÙ˚P A˚NŸm.
J≠Ÿfll©p C’ ™L ÿd°V EfllTÙœm. ˙YLUÙL CVeœm Efll◊
GuTRÙp "Active Articulator' GuTo. Ut\ Efll◊Ls "Passive Articulator' Bœm.
SÙd°˚] ÷≤SÙ, SÙ Æ∞m◊, C˚PSÙ, L˚PSÙ, A•SÙ G] IkRÙLl ©¨lTo.
÷≤SÙÆ]Ùp G›m J≠L˚[ ÷≤SÙ J≠Ls (Apicals) G]‹m, ÷≤SÙ‹m Tp¤m
C˚QYRÙp G›m J≠L˚[ ÷≤SÙlTp˘XÙ≠Ls (Apicodental) G]‹m, ÷≤
SÙ‹m, ÷≤ViQÿm C˚QYRÙp G›m J≠L˚[ ÷≤SÙ ÷≤ViQ J≠Ls
(Apico Alveolar) G]‹m, ÷≤SÙ‹m C˚PViQÿm C˚QYRÙp G›m J≠L˚[
÷≤SÙ C˚PViQ J≠Ls (Apico Domal) G]‹m, ÷≤SÙ C⁄TtLfid°˚P˙V
75
C˚QYRÙp G›m J≠L˚[ ÷≤SÙl Tp≠˚P J≠Ls G]‹m ·±]o. ÷≤
SÙlTp≠˚P J≠L˚[l Tp˘XÙ≠ (Dental), ÷≤ViQ J≠ (Alveolar) SÙY˚[
J≠ (Retroflex), Tp≠˚P J≠ (Inter Dental) G]‹m ·flYo. C˚P SÙ‹m
C˚PViQÿm C˚QYRÙp ©\dœm J≠L˚[ C˚PSÙ C˚PViQ J≠Ls
(Lamino Palatals) Guflm, CR˚] C˚PViQ J≠Ls Guflm ·flYo. L˚PSÙ‹m
L˚PViQÿm C˚QYRÙp L˚PSÙ L˚PViQ J≠Ls (Velar) GuTo.
EsSÙdœ (Uvula)
C’ YÙ´u A•lTÙLjßp ˘RÙeœm R˚NlTœßVÙœm. ÿu˘RÙi˚P
´≠⁄k’ ÍdL˚\dœf Np¤m YÙ´˚Xj ß\dL˙YÙ A˚PdL˙YÙ EsSÙdœl
TVuT”°\’.
ÿu ˘RÙi˚P (Pharynx)
CeœjRÙu ÍdL˚\ YÙ´p (Velic), LÙtfldœZp (Trachea), EQ‹dœZp
(Gullet), YÙnlTÙ˚R B°V SÙuœm Nkßd°u\].
ÍdL˚\ (Nasal Cavity)
LÙtfl ÍdL˚\ YÙ´≠≠⁄k’ Up˙SÙd°f Nufl ∏˙Z C\e° Íd°p
ÿ•°\’. Ceœ G›m J≠L˚[ Íd˘LÙ≠Ls (Nasals) GuTo. Al˙TÙ’ YÙ˚V
GRÙY’ K¨Pjßp A˚Pj’d˘LÙs˙YÙm. AqYÙfl ˘NnVÙUp ÍdL˚\ YÙ´
XÙL‹m LÙt˚\ ˘Y∞´”m˘TÙ›’ Íd°u NÙVp˘Tt\ J≠Ls (Nasalished
Sounds) ©\dœm.
LÙtfldœZp (Trachea)
LÙtfldœZp YØVÙLd LÙtfl ÷˚W¬W¤dœf ˘Nufl Y⁄m. CRu ˙Ut
Tœß, ˘RÙi˚P ApX’ œWp Y˚[ (Larynx) G]lT”m. ∏rlTœß CWiPÙLl
©\k’ ÷˚W¬W¤dœf ˘Np°\’.
LÙtfldœZp Í• (Epiglottis)
LÙtfldœZ≠u RÙPdLjßp C’ Es[’. —YÙ£dœm˘TÙ›’ ß\kß⁄d
œm. EQ‹i‘m˘TÙ›’ Í•d˘LÙsfim. EQ‹ Es˙[ ˘NpX ÿVu\Ùp
EQ˚Yj Ád° C’ G±k’Æ”m. C˚RjRÙu ◊˚W˙VflRp Gu°˙\Ùm. —YÙ
£dœm˘TÙ›’ ß\kß⁄kRÙp ReœR˚P´u±d LÙtfl Es˙[ ˘Nufl Y⁄m.
76
œWpY˚[ (Larynx)
CeœjRÙu LÙtfldœZ≠u J≠jR˚NLs (Vocal Cords) C⁄dœm. CR˚]j
˘RÙi˚P G]‹m ·flYo.
J≠jR˚NLs (Vocal Cords)
CRtœd "œWp SÙi' G‡m Ut˘\Ù⁄ TV⁄m Ei”. C’ Up≠V Eflß
VÙ] CWi” R˚NlTœßL[Ùœm. CYt±tœ C˚PlThP C˚P˘Y∞ J≠jR˚N
YÙ´p (Glottis) G]lT”m. J≠jR˚NLs ALu±⁄dœm˘TÙ›’ LÙtfl Reœ
R˚P´u±f NVpT”m. Al˙TÙ’ J≠jR˚N AßoYßp˚X. Al˙TÙ’ ©\dœm
J≠˚V J≠l©XÙ J≠ (Voiceless Sound) GuTo. YÙ´p œfl° J≠jR˚N Aß⁄m
˙TÙ’ J≠l◊˚P J≠ (Voiced Sound) ©\dœm.
÷˚W¬WpLs (Lungs)
C’ ERWÆRÙ]m (Diaphram), ÆXÙ˘Y¤m©¤s[ R˚N SÙoLs
B°VYt±u ˘NVXÙp ƨV‹m —⁄eL‹m ˘Nn°u\’. ƨŸm˙TÙ’ Es˙[
˘Np¤m LÙtfl, —⁄eœm˙TÙ’ Y∞˙Vflm. CR˚]˙V J⁄ —YÙNm Gu°˙\Ùm.
C’ ReœR˚P´u± S˚P˘Tflm. CR˚] SÙ•j’•l©]Ù¤m EQWXÙm.
Ekß ÿRXÙLd LÙtfl ®˚\k’ ®tœm ÷˚W¬W≠u ˘NVXÙp LÙtfl
™Pt±p Y⁄m˙TÙ’ J≠dLÙtfld œWXÙœm. œWXÙ]’ Aßo‹˚PV’. C˚Nj
Ru˚UŸm E˚PV’. CdœWXÙ]’ YÙŸfll◊L∞uÍXm A˚PTh”f £X
œ±l©hP A˚Xø[ÿm, Aßo‹m HtTh” ˘Y∞˙Vflm˙TÙ’ 'G›j˘RÙ≠'
©\dœm.
WÙ. —l˚TVÙ
WÙ. —l˚TVÙ
CYo R≤ UÙYhPjßp ∫˚XVmTh•´p 20. 02. 1960Cp ©\kRÙo.
˘Nu˚] VÙRYÙd Lp̨´p R™r C˚Ql ˙TWÙ£¨VWÙLl
T¶◊¨k’ Y⁄°\Ùo. T¨V YÙjßVÙo, J⁄ œ”mT Æ[dœ, R™r
SÙh”l◊\l TÙPpLs, ˙R≤ YhPÙW SÙh”l◊\l TÙPpLs Gufl
25dœ ˙UtThP ËpL˚[l T˚Pj’s[Ùo.
77
@ R™r GiL˚[l T•j’ C’-˙TÙufl Im-T’ ÿRp Ëfl Y˚W- G›-’--L.
@ L⁄j’l T¨UÙt\jßtLÙ] J⁄ L⁄Æ Uh”˙U UÙØ LXk’˚WVÙ•d œ±l◊
RVÙo˘NnL.
@ R™r ˘UÙØ-´p ©\-˘UÙØj RÙd-Lm Gu-‡m R˚Xl-©p Lh-”˚W RVÙ-¨d-L. L⁄j-
R-We-Lj-ßp Y∞- -”-L. L⁄j-R-WeLf NVp-TÙ-”-L-∞p Tp- Y-fl UÙØ Y∞-¬h-”
Y•-Ye-L-˚[l TVu-T-”j-’-L. (®-Lrf-£-®-Wp, Æ[m-T-Wm, ÿj-ß-˚W-YÙd-°-Vm,
—Y˘WÙh-•, A˚Zl-©-Rr)
˘NVpTÙ”Ls
C ˙Tf—YZdœf NÙtLs G›j’ UÙØ´≠⁄k’ YflT”m ÆRjß˚]
ÆYÙßj’d Lh”˚W G›’L.
C G›j’L∞u Gi¶d˚L˚V G›ß ®Wl◊L. AYt±u UÙjß˚W˚VŸmœ±l©”L.
œ±p ˘S•p E´o ˘Un E´o˘Un BnRm
78
AX-œ 4
Ui-¶u UQm
TWm-T-˚W-VÙLf ˘NÆ-Y-Ø-VÙ-Ld ˙Lh-”m
˘NÙp-Xl-Th-”m TÙPl-Th-”m YkR L˚R-L-fim TÙPp-L-fim
SÙh-PÙo CXd-°-Ve-L-[ÙLj ßLr-°u-\-]. Cq-Æ-Xd-°-Ve-Ls R≤-
U≤R-≤u T˚Pl-◊-Ls Ap-X. CYt˚\ J⁄ NÍ-Lj-ßu ˘TÙ’f
˘NÙj’Ls G]-XÙm. CXd-LQ Y˚W-V-˚\-L-fid-œd Lh-”l-T-PÙ-Up
£\kR K˚N SVj-’-P‡m NÙRÙ-WQ Ud-L-∞u ˙Tf-— YZd-œf
˘NÙtLfiP‡m A˚UT-˚Y. SÙh-PÙo CXd-°-Ve-Ls, L˚R-Ls, L˚Rl-
TÙ-Pp-Ls, YÙn- UÙ-Øl TÙPp-Ls, TZ- UÙ-Ø-Ls, Æ”L˚RLs
G]l Tp-˙Yfl Y˚L-L-[Ù-Ll Tœd-Ll-Th-”s-[-].
v SÙh”l◊\ CXd°VeLs YÙ´XÙL AYt±u ·flL˚[˘Y∞lT”j’Rp.
v SÙh”l◊\ UdL∞u TiTÙ” Y[of£ ®˚XL˚[Ußl©”Rp.
Lt\p A˚P‹Ls
79
Æ˚[-VÙh-”
Ru-]-]Ù˙]
Si˙P Si˙P £fl
˘Ne-LÙp Si-˙P,
E£-¨-⁄dL K•-⁄dL
Eu-˚]l ©[k-’,
J⁄ œj-’l ◊∞-VeLÙ
˘RÙ˚Y-Vp Yf-£,
Lu-]Ùe LXj-˚R-Ÿm
L›Æ Yf-£,
Y⁄-YÙu Y⁄-YÙu-‡
YØ TÙoj-˙Ru
YWÙ-’ ˙TÙL-‹m,
YØf-—d-°h- Pu.
Yk-RÙi-•-VmUÙ U˚X Y´j-Ru,
œj-Rd œjR Yk-RÙi-•
œWe-œ-Íg-£,
HX-°¨ ˘Vp-XÙm °”-°-”dL
G”j-RÙi-• £¤d-œj R•˚V
A•dL A•dL Yk-RÙi-•
B˚]-Y-´j-Ru
A•f-£h-”l ˙TÙLf ˘NÙp-¤.
˛
80
LÙRp
U≤R C] YW-XÙt-±p ˘UÙØ-´u ˙RÙt-\mTt± Afl-ß-´h-”d ·\ ÿ•-VÙ-R-’ ˙TÙu-fl,Ud-L-∞u CXd-°-V-UÙ] SÙh-”l-◊\ CXd-°-Vj-ßu ˙RÙt-\m Tt± Afl-ß-´h-”d ·\-ÿ-•-VÙR ®˚X-´p Es-˙[Ùm. ˘UÙØ-´u˙RÙt-\m E⁄-YÙ] ˙TÙ˙R U≤R C]-ÿm Ru£k-R-˚]j ß\˚] Y[odL ÿt-Th-P-˙TÙ˙RYÙn-˘UÙØ CXd-°VUÙ] SÙh”l◊\ CXd°VY˚L L⁄d-˘LÙiP-’ G]-XÙm. EX-°p ˘UÙØ-Ÿm A”j-’ YÙn-˘UÙØ CXd-°-Ve-L-fim AR-˚]j ˘RÙPok-’ G›-Rl-ThP CXd-°-Ve-L-fimÿ°rj-R] G]d ·\-XÙm. G]-˙Y, U≤RC]m ˙RÙu-±V Au˙\ SÙh-”l-◊\ CXd-°-Ve-L-fim ˙RÙu-±-Æh-P] G]d L⁄-R-XÙm. Ui-¶u ˚Uk-Ro-Rm U]d-L-⁄-Y-˚\-´p L⁄d-˘LÙi-” E⁄l-˘Tt-fl E´o-˘Tt-fl EXÙ Y⁄mEs-[j-ßu Ei-˚U-VÙ] ˘Y∞l-TÙ-”-L˙[ SÙh-”l-◊\ CXd-°-Ve-Ls.
SÙh-”l-◊\ Ud-L-∞u TZd-L-Y-Zd-Le-L-˚[-ŸmTi-TÙ-”-L-˚[-Ÿm Sm-©d-˚L-L-˚[-Ÿm CXd-°-Ve-L-˚[-Ÿm BWÙ-Ÿm CV˙X SÙh-”l-◊-\-Æ-V-XÙ-œm.
Bi TÙ”-Y-’:
Yi-PÙ[m UWj-’d LÙ”
Yi-Q-ÿj-’ E›-œm LÙ”
Re-Lm Æ˚[-Ÿm LÙ”
R¨-NÙnd °Pd-°-\-’.
Ug-Ns È£-Vp˙XÙ
U’- Wl TÙ˚R ˙TÙ\ ◊s˙[
Jm Ug-Ns YÙ˚P Rh-•
YWl◊ ˘Yh-Pd ·P-≠- VÙ?
Tf-£˚X L›j-ßp Yf£
TÙ˚R YØ ˙TÙ\ ◊s˙[ ˛ Jm
Tf-£˚X YÙ˚P Rh-•
YWl◊ ˘Yh-Pd ·P-≠- VÙ?
A¨£ œjß U•-´p ˚Yj-’
BYÙ-Wm Èl ˘TÙh-”m Yf-—
˘NÙ⁄-œ LÙi˚P
˘Ys- [-VmUÙ ˛ ø
˙NÙfl ˘LÙi-” YÙW-˘Rl-˙TÙ?
˘Ti-Ls TÙ”-Y-’:
LÙW ≈h-”j ßi-˚Q-´X
L¨d-œ Ug-Ns A˚WdL-´X
Gk-Rl-TV Áj-’-]Ù˙]Ù ˛ G]d-œ
C›j-R-˚Wd-Ld ·P-≠˙V
˙Ll-˚Td L⁄-’ ˙TÙX
°∞ ˙TÙX ˘Ti-¶-⁄dL
G]d-œu‡ C⁄d-LÙ˙]
Gi-Qe ˘LhP TÙÆ ULu
◊p-¤ Afld-˚L-´˙X
◊∞-Vm È‹m ˘LÙi-” ˙TÙ˙]u
◊∞-Vm È YÙP Rh-• ˛ SÙu
◊p-X-fllT U\k-’ Æh-˙Pu
YÙndLÙ YWl◊ NÙ™!
YVd-LÙh-” ˘TÙu-‡ NÙ™!
L˚[ G”d-œm ˘TÙm-T-˚[d-œ
LÙY-¤d-œ Yk-R-Y˙]!
YÙn˘UÙØ CXd°Vm
81
Ue-LX YÙrj-’
YÙrj-’e-Ls YÙrj-’e-Ls
YÙs ÆNV ˚Uk-R-⁄d-œ
˙Lfie-Ls ˙Lfie-Ls
Gp-˙XÙ-⁄m ˙Lfie-Ls
˙LÙX Yo-Ql Tk-R-≠˙X
·fl-°-˙\u ˙Lfie-Ls
˘NÙoQ U¶l Tk-R-≠˙X
˘NÙp-¤-°-˙\u ˙Lfie-Ls
Ck-Rf N˚T Ru-≤˙X
Gp-˙XÙ-⁄m ˙Lfie-Ls
Ge-Ls œ• R˚ZdL
C[-Y-W-— ˙Y‘-˘Uu-fl
AW-—-ÿRp ˙Yi-”-˘Uu-fl
Au˚] RYg ˘Nn-’
©s˚[ ÿRp ˙Yi-”-˘Uu-fl
˘T¨V RYg ˘Nn-’
TÙXu ÿRp ˙Yi-”-˘Uu-fl
TÙWj-R-Ym ˘Nn-’
˘RÙi-Ê-fl SÙ[Ù-Lj
’[-£d-œ øo-YÙoj-’
ÿu-Ú-fl SÙ[ÙL
ÿp-˚Xd-œ øo YÙoj-’
A⁄k-R-Ye-Ls RÙu ˘Nn-’
ÿk-ßj RY-™-⁄k-’
ÿu-Ú-fl SÙs —Uk-’
Ue-L-[-UÙL
˚Uk-R-˚Wl-˘Tt-˘\-”j-RÙs.
J⁄- SÙh-•u YÙr-˚Y-Ÿm YW-XÙt-˚\-Ÿm œ˚\-˚V-Ÿm ®˚\-˚V-Ÿm ˘R∞-YÙ-Ld LÙh-”-Y]
SÙh”l-◊\ CXd-°-Ve-Ls. Ud-L-∞u Ti-TÙ-”,TZdL YZd-Le-Ls, TZ-˚U-VÙ] Gi-Qe-Ls
B°-V-Yt˚\ ˘Y∞l-T-˚P-VÙ-Ld LÙh-”m Li-QÙ-•-VÙ-œm. SÙh-”l-◊\ Ud-L-[-’ EQo-‹-L-˚[-Ÿm LÆ˚R ◊˚]-Ÿm Bt-\-˚X-Ÿm Lt-T˚]
Y[j-˚R-Ÿm SÙh-”l-◊-\l-TÙ-Pp-L-∞˙X LÙQ-XÙm.C˚Y-Ls Hh-•p H\Ù-Æ-•-‡m G›j-ß˙X YÙWÙ-
Æ-•-‡m TÙh-•˙X CPm-˘T-\Ù-Æ-•-‡m Sm ˘Sg-£-≠-⁄k-’ Uh-”m øe-LÙ-’ ®t-œm.
SÙh-”l-◊\ YZd-œ-Ls Tt± A±-Æ-Vp A•l-T-˚P-´p BWÙ-Ÿm CVp SÙh-”l-◊-\-Æ-V-XÙ-œm.SÙh-”l-◊\ CV˚X SÙh-”l-◊\ Ud-L-∞u UW-◊l-
ThP T˚Pl-◊-Ls Gu-To. ˘TÙ’-Ud-L-˚[f NÙokRUW◊ ÿ˚\-Ls Gu\ ˘TV-¨-¤m Ud-Ls CXd-°-
Vm Gu\ ˘TV-¨-¤m ˘TÙ’l ◊WÙ-Q-Æ-Vp Gu\˘TV-¨-¤m Gg-£-V-’ Gu\ ˘TV-¨-¤m YZe-° -YkR-’. ©u-]o SÙh-”l-◊-\-Æ-V-˚Xd œ±d-œm
"Folklore' Gu\ ˘NÙp 1846Cp Æp-≠-Vm _ÙuRÙUv AYo-L-[Ùp E⁄-YÙd-Ll-˘Tt-\-’.
82
RÙXÙh-”
UÙo-LØ UÙNj-ß-˙X-RÙu ˛ Li˙Q ø
UÙWÙ-NÙ-˚Yl TÙod-˚L-´˙X
˚Rl ˘TÙe-Lp LÙXj-ß˙X ˛
Li˙Q ø
R´-⁄m ˙NÙflm ße-˚L-´˙X
UÙ£ UÙNd L˚P-£-´˙X ˛ Li˙Q ø
UÙUu ≈” ˙TÙ˚L-´˙X
Te-œ≤ UÙNj-ß˙X ˛ Li˙Q ø
Te-œf ˘NÙj˚R YÙe-˚L-´˙X
£j-ß˚W UÙNj ’Yd-Lj-ß˙X ˛ Li˙Q ø
∫o Y¨˚N YÙe-˚L-´˙X,
˚YLÙ£ UÙNj-ß˙X ˛ Li˙Q ø
YV-˚Xf —t-±l TÙod-˚L-´˙X
B≤ UÙNd L˚P-£-´˙X ˛ Li˙Q ø
A•-˘V-”j-’ ˚Yd-L-´˙X
ALv-UÙjRÙ BY-¶-´p ˛ Li˙Q ø
AWi-U-˚]d-œl ˙TÙ˚L-´˙X
Il-T£ UÙN-˘Up-XÙm Li˙Q ˛ ø
Al-Tu ≈” Re-˚L-´˙X
LÙoj-ß˚L UÙNj-ß-¤m ˛ Li˙Q
LP-‹-fid-œd ˚L˘V-P-•.
Cp-X-\m
A¨£ ÿ[l ˙TÙh-”
AW-U-˚]-Ÿm —jß YkRÙ
A¨£ UQ UQd-œm
AW-U-˚]-Ÿm È UQd-œm
T⁄l◊ ÿ[l ˙TÙh-”
Th-P-Q-ÿm —jß YkRÙ
T⁄l◊ UQ UQd-œm
Th-P-Q-ÿm È UQd-œm
Y¨˚N UQÙ-[-˙]Ù-”
YÙn £¨j-’l ˙T£ Yk-RÙp
YÙrd˚L ˘Sn UQd-œm
YÙN-S-flm È UQd-œm.
CRt-œl ©u-]˙W Cj-’-˚\-´p ÿ˚\-VÙ]
Bn‹ ˘RÙPe-°t-fl. U≤-R-≤u NPe-œ ÿ˚\-Ls,
L˚Rl-TÙ-Pp-Ls, TZ-˘UÙ-Ø, SÙh-”l-◊-\l TÙPp
ÿR-≠-V-Yt-˚\d œ±l-T-RÙ-Ld ·±-Ÿs-[Ùo. TZe-
LÙ-Xl Ti-TÙh-•u Gf-Nm SÙh-”l ◊\-Æ-Vp Gu-
T-’ AYo L⁄j-RÙ-œm.
Folklore Gu-T-’ Folk, Lore Gu\ C⁄ ˘NÙt-Ls
C˚Qk-R-RÙ-œm. -19 Bm Ët-\Ùi-•p I˙WÙl-©V
SÙ”-L-∞p "Folk' Gu\ ˘NÙp ÆY-NÙV Ud-L-˚[d
œ±j-’, ©u-]ol T•l-T-±-Æp-XÙR SÙh-”l-◊\ Ud-
L-˚[d œ±j-R-’. ˘TÙ’-YÙ] ˘RÙØp, ˘UÙØ, NU-
Vm ÿR-≠-V-Yt-˚\l ©uTt-flm œ›˚Y Folk
Gu-To. ˘TÙ’-YÙLd °WÙ-Ul-◊-\, T•l-T-±-Æp-XÙ-R,
Ud-L-˚[d œ±d-œm. Lore Gu-T-Rt-œ "UW-◊f ˘Nn-
ßj ˘RÙœß' Gu-flm "YZd-LÙ-fl' Gu-flm ˘TÙ⁄s
˘LÙs-[-XÙm. Folklore Gu-T-’ SÙh-”l-◊-\-Ud-L-∞u
A±‹ G]l ˘TÙ⁄s-T-”m. SÙh-”l-◊\ YZd-
LÙt˚\ Folklore Gu-flm SÙh-”l-◊\ YZd-LÙt˚\
BWÙ-Ÿm Bn˚Y "Folkloristics' Gu-flm ·\-XÙm.
83
EZ-‹d LÙ˚[
™u-˙]-⁄ G⁄-’d-˘Lp-XÙm
Gu] Gu] A˚P-VÙ-[m
˘Sj-ßd-œ £h-•-L-[Ùm
˘SXm TÙod-œm Li-QÙ-•
YV-¤d-œf Np-X-P-UÙm
YÙœd-˚L ˘TÙu-]Ù˙X
˘LÙm-◊d-œd œl-©-L-[Ùm
˘LÙQ-YÙ-¤ Np-X-P-UÙm
Ád° ˚Yd-œm LÙp-L-fid-œ
’j-ßl È Np-X-P-UÙm
Ui-•-´-”m LÙp-L-fid-œ
UÙR-[m È Np-X-P-UÙm.
Tg-N-ÿm U˚Z-Ÿm
B” Æj-’, UÙ” Æj-’
I˙VÙ Y⁄Q ˙RYÙ!
Aj-R-˚]-Ÿm ·P Æj-’
I˙VÙ Y⁄Q ˙RYÙ!
LÙ’ L”d-œ-Æj-’
I˙VÙ Y⁄Q ˙RYÙ!
˚L Y˚[-Vp ·P-Æj-’
I˙VÙ Y⁄Q ˙RYÙ!
Cf £d-LÙn ßu] Tg-Nm
I˙VÙ Y⁄Q ˙RYÙ!
Cu-‡m ˘R∞-V-˚X˙V
I˙VÙ Y⁄Q ˙RYÙ!
LÙ˚Wd-LÙnj ßu] Ud-Ls
I˙VÙ Y⁄Q ˙RYÙ!
LÙR-˚Pf-— ˘NjR Ud-Ls
I˙VÙ Y⁄Q ˙RYÙ!
UdL ˘YRfN Lm◊
Uf-— Yk-’ ˙NW-‘˙U!
K• ˘YRfN Lm◊
F”-Yk-’ ˙NW-‘˙U
LXl˚T ©•d-œk Rm©
SÙh-”l-◊-\-Æ-V˚X SÙh-”l-◊\ CXd-°-Vm,
L˚X Gu\ ©¨-Æ-‡s APd-œ-°u-\-]o.
B]Ùp, SÙh-”l-◊-\-Æ-Vp CYt-fl-Pu ®u-fl-
Æ-PÙ-Up SÙh-”l-◊\ Sm-©d-˚L, BPp,
KÆVm, ˘TÙ⁄s-NÙo Ti-TÙ-”
B°VYt˚\Ÿm BWÙn-°-\-’.
SÙh-”l-◊\ YZd-LÙ-fl-Ls R˚X-ÿ˚\ R˚X-
ÿ˚\-VÙL, YÙ˚Z-V-• YÙ˚Z-VÙL ®XÆ
Y⁄°u\-]. SÙh-”l-◊-\l TÙPp, L˚R-Ls,
TZ˘UÙØLs, Æ”-L˚RLs ˙TÙu-\-˚Y-
Tp-XÙi” LÙX-UÙL YÙn-˘UÙ-Ø-VÙ-Ll
TWl-Tl-Th-” Y⁄-°u-\-].
84
˚L ˙NÙk-’ ®d-°-\ÙeL!
A’d˙L U]-™-We-œ
I˙VÙ Y⁄Q ˙RYÙ!
Ho ©•d-œk Rm© ˘Vp-XÙm
Gi-Ql-Th-” ®d-°-\ÙeL
A’d˙L C\eL ˙Y‘m
I˙VÙ Y⁄Q ˙RYÙ!
˙TŸ-˚RVÙ ˙TŸ-’
˙Tn U˚Z-Ÿm ˙TŸ-’
F£ ˙TÙX LÙ≠-\e°
EX-L-˘Ue-œm ˙TŸ-’
EXL ˘Ue-œm ˙TgN U˚Z
F¨-˘Xe-œm ˙TV˙X
TÙ£ ˙TÙX LÙ≠-\e°
Th-P-Q˙U ˙TŸ-’
Th-P-Q˙U ˙TgN U˚Z,
Th-•-´˙X ˙TV˙X
’h-” ˙TÙX ™u≤
∫˚U-˘Ve-œm ˙TŸ-’
∫˚U ˘Ve-œm ˙TgN U˚Z
˘NpX U˚Z ˙TŸ-’.
L˚[ G”j-Rp
L˚[ ˘V”d-œm- ˘T-¨V œ[m
LQd ˘L›-’m BX-U-Wm
˘LÙj-R-•d-œm ˘LÙh-PÙ-Wm
·fl ˚Yd-œm L[j-’ ˙U”
Li-QÙ-• Y˚[-Vp ˙TÙh-”
L˚[ G”dL YkR ◊s˙[
Li-QÙ-• ™u-]-≠˙X
L˚[ GPl-◊l ©k-’-R-•
˘Ys-∞l ◊• Y˚[-Vp ˛ SpX
ÆP-˚Xl ©s˚[ ˚L Y˚[-Vp
˘NÙp≠ A•f-N-Y˚[ ˛ SpXÙ
LZh-” ßpX ˘Sp-L-˚[-˚V.
85
Ht-\l TÙh-”
Th-”l TVÙm Ys-∞d
œf-NÙm
ßp-XÙ-Xe-°-• ˙XXm
Tß-]Ù-fl ˘Yj-ß-˚X-VÙm
ßp-XÙ-Xe-°-• ˙XXm
£u-]l ˚TVu œ”jR ˚T
ßp-XÙXe-°-• ˙XXm
£¨d-œ ˙RÙ• C”l◊ ˙U˙X
ßp-XÙ-Xe-°-• ˙XXm
Afl-Y- Pl TÙPp-Ls
(˘Ti)
˙LÙ˚P L⁄-R-fll ˙T
˘LÙ•d-LÙ˙X „rk-ß-⁄l˙T
SÙ[d L⁄-R-fll˙T
SÙ‡m Yk-RÙ-XÙ-LÙ˙RÙ!
(Bi)
Lg-£d LX-Vm ˘LÙi-”
L⁄-R-fldL ˙TÙ\ ◊s[Ù
LÙd-LÙn AXm-◊-R-•
L⁄j-Rl ◊s[Ù Ee-L-X-Vm
(˘Ti)
˘Sp-¤d Lß-WÙ-˙]u
˙Sj-R-fljR RÙ[Ù-˙]u
˙Sj-’ YkR ˙RÙZ-‡d-œ
˙SWm ˘R¨-VÙ˙RÙ!
(Bi)
L⁄-R-fll-©X Le-LÙ-Qj-ß˙X
LU-L-Ue-œ-’ œÿ-œ-ÿe-œ-’
Lu-]j-’ Ug-Ns Gu-˚]l-T-Lh-”-’
ÿu˙] ˙TÙ\ ˘TÙi˙Q!
Eu-˚]j RÙi-• ˘TÙi˙Q
(˘Ti)
F˙WÙ-Wm Lß-W-flj-’
EW-¤l ˙TÙX Lh-”d-Lh-•
Ád° Æ”m ˘LÙj-R-]Ù˙W
ÁWL-[m ˙TÙnf- NW
86
L⁄-R-flj-’d °fl-°-flj-’Li-‘ ˘Wi-”m Tg-N-˚Pf£Ád° Æ”m ˘LÙj-R-]Ù˙W˙RÙl-◊d L[m ˙TÙnf ˙NW
(Bi)˘Sp-¤d L⁄-R-flj-’®™ok-’ ®t-œm ˘NYj-R-◊s[ ˛ Gu˘NÙpX U\k-ß-WÙR ˛ ø˘NÙu-]-T-• SÙ≤-⁄l-˙Tu
(˘Ti)’mT UXo ˙Yh-• Lh-•Ád-œl ˙TÙ¶ ˚L´-˙XkßYÙWÙL GeL UÙUuYh-Pm ER-fl-Rt˙L
(˙Y-fl)SÙ¤ Í˚X YV-¤d-œs˙[SÙt-fl S”m œs-[j-RÙWÙœ¤e-œ-˙RÙ-• œi-Pg-NmTÙEu-]-¨-YÙs Gu-]-¨-YÙsE⁄d-œ YfN L⁄d-L-¨-YÙsNÙVl-©-• A -YÙsNm-◊-R-• ˘Sp-Xm T´o˘Ys-∞l-©-• A¨-YÙs≈—-R-• ˘Sp-Xl T´oAfll Tflj-’ ߨj-ß-¨f-—Au-]m ˙TÙX S˚P SPk-’£u-]d LhPÙ Lh-Pf ˘NÙp≠£‘e-°-]Ù-[Ùm ˘TÙu-≤-VmUÙ≈ß-´˙X Lp EW-XÙm≈£ ≈£d œj-’-WÙ-[Ùm˚L˚Vl ◊•d-LÙ-æeL˚LY-˚[-Vp ˘SÙfle-°-Æ-”mLi-QÙ-• Y˚X-Æ-˘RÙh-”L⁄-R-fldLj-Rl ˙TÙ\ ©s[Li-QÙ-• ™u-]-¤XL⁄-R-fll◊ ©k-’-R-•˘Ys-∞l-©-• V⁄YÙÆP- Xl-©s˚[ ˚LV-⁄YÙ˘NÙp-≠-V-•f N⁄YÙ
LZh-”-˚RVÙ ˘Sp-L-⁄˚R
Æ˚]f˘NÙp
J⁄ ˘NVp ApX’ ˘RÙØ˚Xd œ±dœm˘NÙp Æ˚]f˘NÙp G]lT”m.
T•,G›,YQeœ,˘Nn ˙TÙ, TÙ”............
Æ˚]f˘NÙtLs ˘TVof˘NÙtL[ÙL‹mA˚UY’i”.
G.” G”jRp, T•jRp YQeœRp, ˘LÙ”jRpB”Rp
CqYÙfl Y⁄Y˚Rj ˘RÙØt˘TVo GuTo.
˘TVof˘NÙp˛Æ˚]f˘NÙp A•lT˚P˙YflTÙ”Ls.
˘TVof˘NÙp¤Pu ˙Ytfl˚U E⁄◊Ls (I J”,œ, Cu) C˚Qk’ Y⁄m.B]Ùp Af˘NÙtLsLÙXj˚Rd œ±l©PÙ’.
LiQ˚]d Li˙PuLiQ˘]Ù” ˘Nu˙\uLiQ‡dœd ˘LÙ”j˙RuLiQ˚] ÆPf £\kRYu CWÙUuLiQ]’ ≈”LiQ≤Pjßp ◊jRLm Es[’
Ceœd LiQu Gu\ ˘TV⁄Pu I, J, œ,ÿRXÙ] ˙Ytfl˚U E⁄◊Ls ˙Nok’ Y⁄m.B]Ùp Af˘NÙtLs LÙXj˚Rd œ±l©PÙ’.
AÿRÙ T•jRÙs
AÿRÙ T•d°\Ùs
AÿRÙ T•lTÙs
Ceœl T• Gu\ Æ˚]f˘NÙp¤Pu LÙXmLÙh”m C˚P®˚XLs (jR, d°t, l )˙Nok’Yk’ Íufl LÙXj˚RŸm EQojß].
87
Jl-TÙ¨
·h-PÙod-œf Nm-U-R-˙UÙ?
∫˚U AØ-Ÿ-’i-‘ SÙu
£k- R- -¤m Gi-Q-≠˙V;
∫˚U AØ-V-≠˙V ˛ Gu
£\l-T-ØgN UÙV-˘Uu-]?
U⁄R AØ-Ÿ-’i-‘ SÙu
U]-£-˙X-Ÿm Gi-Q-≠˙V!
U⁄R AØ-V-≠˙V ˛ Gu
Ußl-T-ØgN UÙV-˘Uu-]?
L”-œ £fl-RÙ≠
Lp TßfN Ah-•-V-XÙm
Lp-T-ßfN Ah-•-V˚X ˛ SÙu
LZh-• ˚YdL SÙ[Ùf˙N
™[-œ £fl-RÙ≠
ÿLl◊ ˚YfN Ah-•-V-¤
ÿLl◊ ˚YfN Ah-•-V˚X ˛ SÙu
ÿ•g— YdL SÙ[Ùf˙N
Th-” LZh-• Yf-˙Nu
TÙRm Y˚W ˘Ys-˚[-´h-˙Pu
£Ll◊ LZh-• Yf-˙Nu ˛ Gu
˙RL- Up-XÙm Ys- [- h- Pu
Bj-’X ◊p-X-flj-’
Afl-Lm-◊p-¤ Tk-R-≠h-”
A⁄U UL RÙ≠ YÙeL ˛ JeL
IY-⁄d-œm Nm-U-R˙UÙ
œ[j-’X ◊p-X-flj-’
˙LÙWmTÙ Tk-R-≠h-”
œZk˚R UL RÙ≠ YÙeL ˛ JeL
·h-PÙod-œm Nm-U-R˙UÙ?
TßlTÙ£¨Vo: SÙ. YÙ]UÙU˚X
@ SÙh-”l-◊-\-Æ-Vp Gu\ ˘NÙp-≠u ˙RÙt-\m œ±j-’d LXk-’-˚W-VÙ-”-L.
@ SÙh-”l-◊-\-Æ-V-≠p CPm-˘T-flm Tp-˙Y-fl ˘UÙØ ˘Y∞-¬h-” Y•-Ye-L-s
œ±j-’d LXk-’-˚W-VÙ-•d œ±l◊j RVÙ-¨d-L.
˘NVpTÙ”Ls
YÙd°Vm˘NÙtLs ˘RÙPok’ Yk’ ˘TÙ⁄sÿ•‹ ˘Ttfl A˚UY’ YÙd°Vm.
G.”. LiQu YkRÙu. AÿRÙ SP]m B•]Ùs
B£¨Vo Su\ÙLl TÙPmSPjß]Ùo.
YÙd°V A˚Ul◊LsYÙd°VeL˚[l ˘TÙ⁄s ApX’L⁄j’ A•lT˚P´¤m A˚Ul◊
A•lT˚P´¤m Y˚LlT”jRXÙm.L⁄j’ A•lT˚P
YÙd°VeL˚[d L⁄j’ A•lT˚P´p˘Nnß YÙd°Vm, EQof£ YÙd°Vm, Æ]Ù
YÙd°Vm LhP˚[ YÙd°Vm G]SÙuLÙLl TœdLXÙm.
˘Nnß YÙd°Vm·\YkR L⁄j˚R ApX’
˘Nnß˚Vj ˘R∞YÙLd ·flY’. G.”. LiQi SpX UÙQYu
CkßVÙ LÙpTk’ ˙TÙh•´p˘Yt±˘Tt\’.
88
˘TÙu-≤-\j-RÙs L˚R
YQd-LmÆ⁄j-Rm
T˚Pd-œ —⁄-TUÙ °⁄-˚Td-œs˙[ ´WQ Uk-’
SPj-ß˙V ÿuÚ t˙\-› SÙfim SXm T\ YÙr-‹m Rk-’
A˚Pj ˘Ru˚] œPj-ß-‡s˙[ B˘Q˚] E⁄-Y-
RÙd°
œPj-ß-≤p A˚Pj-æ-˘Wu˚] œP˙UÙ SÙLÙ Yi-Qm
’\k-˘Ru˚] Y∞-´-XÙd° Yj-æo £Y-£-Y-ß] U\d-L-
UÙh- Pu
L˚Rf—⁄d-L-ÿm LÙl-◊m
AQgN ˘T⁄-UÙs R˚X-Yu A⁄-˚U-VÙL
B´-˚Z-VÙs ˘TÙu-UÙ¨ R˚]-Ÿm
L≠-VÙ-Qm ˘Nn-’-P˙] C⁄-˙T-⁄m-RÙu
LÙ£-´p YÙrk-ß-⁄k-RÙo £X LÙX-UÙn
UÙU-˚\-˙VÙo ß⁄-Y-⁄-[Ùp UR˚X Ru˚]
Yœj-RÙo H› Bi-Ud-Ls Jq-˘YÙu-\ÙL
H› Ud-Ls Bi Ud-Ls C⁄d-œm ˙TÙ’
Hk-ß-˚Z-VÙs ˘TÙu-UÙ¨ U]-’ ˘SÙk-’
B´-Wj-˘RÙ-⁄ Tß-´p RY-Zf ˘Nn-’
B´-˚Z-VÙs Du-˘\-”j-RÙs J⁄ ˘Ti UR˚X
Du-˘\-”jR UR˚X Li-” C]j-RÙo RÙÿm
CRW EX-˙LÙo U]-U-°rk-’ Nk-˙RÙ-`-UÙL
È‹-X-°p ∏ojß ˘Tt\ ˘TÙu-≤-\j-RÙs
◊Lr LÙÆ-Vm TÙP ◊j-ß-W-‡m ◊Æ-´-¤s-˙[Ù-⁄m
©˚Z ˘TÙflj-’ Cd-L-˚R-˚Vl ◊j-ß-Ÿs[
U˚]-Æ-Vo-Ls BWÙnk-’ A±k-’ ˙LhL
L¨-ÿ-LYÙ LP-L-¨-YÙs ÿLj-’ H˚Zd
LQ-Tß Ru-≤-⁄ NW-Qe LÙl-T-RÙ˙U
Æ]Ù YÙd°Vm
J⁄Y¨Pm Ju˚\ Æ]‹Rp (˙LhPp)ø Gl˙TÙ’ YkRÙn?£XlTßLÙWj˚R G›ßVYo VÙo?
LhP˚[ YÙd°Vm
ÿu]Ùp ®tTY˚W ˙SÙd° K⁄ ˘NV˚Xf˘NnVf ˘NÙp¤Rp ApX’ LhP˚[C”Rp.
LiQÙ! SpX ËtL˚[l T•.ø ˙TÙn A˚R G”j’d˘LÙi” YÙ.
EQof£ YÙd°Vm
EQof£, BfN¨Vm ApX’ AfNj˚R˘Y∞lT”j’°\ YÙd°VeLs.
I˙VÙ! Y≠d°\˙R!
BLÙ! KÆVm GqY[‹ AZLÙLC⁄d°\’!
I˙VÙ ! SÙn K• Y⁄°\˙R !
89
˘TÙu-UÙ- - u ß⁄-U-Qm
SÙPÙ] SÙP-ß˙X SpX LP-Vj-’ FW-ß˙X
LP-Vj-’ FW-ß˙X LÙ¨-˚L-VÙs ˘TÙu-UÙ¨
˘TÙu-UÙ¨ RÙVÙ-⁄m ˙TÙod ˘LÙ•-VÙs C≤-ß-⁄k-RÙs
Y”-Yo œX ˘TÙu-UÙ-¨-Ÿm YÙrk-ß-⁄d-œm SÙ˚[-´˙X
˘TÙu-UÙ-¨-Ÿm ˙RÙØ-V-⁄m ◊LrkR ˘Ru-LÙ-£-´˙X
YÙrk-ß-⁄d-œm SÙ˚[-´˙X Y”-Lo œX ˘TÙu-UÙ-¨˚V
AQgN ˘T⁄-UÙs R˚X-Yu B´˚Z˚V UÙ˚X-´h-PÙu
UÙ˚X-´hP ˘TÙu-UÙ-¨-Ÿm YÙrk-ß-⁄k-RÙo C⁄-˙T-⁄m
YÙrk-ß-⁄d-œm SÙ˚[-´˙X Ue˚L Sp-XÙs ˘TÙu-UÙ¨
Tu-≤-Wi-” ß⁄-Y-V-ßp TÙ˚Y Sp-XÙs ß⁄l-Èt-\Ùs
E\‹ ÿ˚\-VÙu RÙu ·• Et\ NPe˙L ÿ°j-RÙo
NPe-L-’-RÙu ÿ°j-R-˙TÙ-’ RÙo œZ-XÙs ˘TÙu-UÙ-¨-Ÿm
Uu-]-Y-⁄m Ue-˚L-V-⁄m YÙrk-ß-⁄k-RÙo £X-LÙ-Xm
Tß-]Ù-fl ß⁄-Y-V-£p TÙX-L˚W Du-˘\-”j-RÙs
˘TiœZk- Rd-œj RY-™-⁄j-Rp
J⁄ ˘Ti UR˚X ˙Y‘-˘Uu-fl ˘TÙu-UÙ¨ RY-™-⁄k-RÙs
ÁWj-’d ˙LÙÆ-˘Xp-XÙm Áj’ ˘R∞j-ß-⁄k-RÙs
TZe-˙LÙ-Æ-XÙ-]-˘Rp-XÙm TLp Æ[d-œ Ht± ˚Yj-RÙs
œ∞okR UWf ˙NÙ˚X Gp-XÙm ˙LÙÆ-˘Xu˙\ œm-©-”-YÙs
Rÿj-R-UÙ-Lf ˙NÙ˚X Gp-XÙ-⁄m Nk-Rß Gu˙\ ˘RÙ›-RÙo
Nk-Rß Gu˙\ ˘RÙ›-’ NÙj-RÙ˚Y ˚L˘V-”j-RÙs
S˚]kR ÿkß ’Y-WÙ-Up S˚P-´p Yk-’ ˚L˘RÙ-›-RÙs
E”jR ÿkß œ˚X-VÙ-Up KÆ-V-ÿm RY-™-⁄k-RÙs
NÙWeL SÙR-⁄d-œ ß⁄-‹-⁄-Ym ˙S⁄-YÙ-[Ùm
œU-¨-Vm-UÙs TL-Y-ßd-œ œZ-XÙ-• ˙S⁄-YÙ-[Ùm
œ⁄j-˙RÙ˚X SÙR-⁄d-œ œß˚W ˘TÙu-]Ùp ÆP-‹m ˙Sok-RÙs
£Y-]-QgN ˘T⁄-UÙ-fid-œ ˘Ne-˙LÙ-¤m ˙S⁄-YÙ-[Ùm
ß⁄-Y-]k-R-◊W ˘T⁄-UÙ-fid-œ C˚X-Ÿm Æp-¤m ˙S⁄-YÙ-[Ùm
TßlTÙ£¨Vo: SÙ. YÙ]UÙU˚X
@ ˘TÙu-≤-\j-RÙs L˚RlTÙP-˚Xl T•j-’d LXk-’-˚W-VÙ-•f £fl-L˚R Y•-Æp
R⁄-L.
˘NVpTÙ”Ls
90
WÙN ˘T⁄UÙs ß⁄ UL˚]
L˚W˙Vj’m ÈeœZXÙs
Su…WÙh•l ˘TÙh”™h”
˘TÙh•h” S˚LŸ™h”
◊Rp Y]Z˘LpXÙm TÙojß⁄kRÙo.
ÿ˚XlTÙp ÿRX∞j’
ÿLk’ ÿjßd ˘LÙg£ ˘UÙnd œZXÙs
L˚XlTÙ´u ˙Up °Pjß
LiQÙ[o ˘RÙh•p N˚UŸ˘Uu\Ùo
LiQÙ[o LÙYXYo
LÙYX‡dœj RÙu Ts∞ ˘LÙs[
ÆiQÙfi URVÙ˚]
˘LÙm˚T ˘Yh• CQd°˙V NhP™h”
NhPjß˚P E⁄dœj
ReLUßp ReLU¶´]Ùp A›jß
Lh•d LiQÙ• ©˚\ „[d
L˚Pk’⁄Æ ®fljß
Th”f NLXÙj’l
TY[ Y˚[Ls RÙu Ád°
˘RÙh•p N˚Uj ˘R”j’
—kRW UÙ\u ÿu ˚YjR]WÙm
˚YjR U¨VÙ˚R˚V
Uu]u A∞jRd LmUÙ[⁄dœ
˘UjR ETN¨j’ U°rkß⁄kRÙo.
˙YkRoLs ˘TÙu≤u ˘RÙh•≠˙X
®jßX ˘Uj˚R´h”
®˚W ®˚W ˘TÙu≤u Lm©d L´flm
˘LÙjRÙLd œgNm ˙UXj Ád°
œZk˚R˚Vj ˘RÙh•≠p °Pj’YÙWÙm.
(˙Yfl)
IYo WÙNÙdLs L˚R
A˚Ul◊ A•lT˚P
A˚Ul◊ A•lT˚P´pYÙd°VeL˚[j R≤YÙd°Vm,˘RÙPoYÙd°Vm, LX˚Y YÙd°Vm G]
Íu\ÙLl TÙœT”jRXÙm.
R≤ YÙd°VmKo G›YÙ˙VÙ, TX G›YÙnL˙[ÙYk’ J⁄ TV≤˚X˚Vd ˘LÙi”ÿ•Y’.LiQu T•jRÙu.˛ Ko G›YÙnLiQ‡m AÿRÙ‹m T•jR]o.C⁄ G›YÙnLs˙NW,˙NÙZ TÙi•VoLs ˘Yt±˘Tt\]o. ˛Íufl G›YÙnLs
˘RÙPo YÙd°VmKo G›YÙn Ju±tœ ˙UtThPTV≤˚XL˚[d ˘LÙi” ÿ•Y’.AÿRÙ ˙TÙh•´p Teœ ˘Tt\Ùs;˘Yt± A˚PkRÙs; T¨—YÙe°]Ùs.AÿRÙ Gu\ G›YÙn J˙WYÙd°Vjßp ˘Tt\Ùs, A˚PkRÙsYÙe°]Ùs, G] ÍuflTV≤˚XL˚[d ˘LÙi”ÿ•k’s[’.
91
°PjßV TgN˚Q¡’ Ts∞ ˘LÙs[˙Y
°g—L YÙn ß\k’ Yg£l ˘TiLs RÙXÙhP
L”R˚]ŸiP ˘NÙdLo AeLVtLi¶ V⁄[Ù˙X
LÙ¶VÙ[ YkR ˘RÙ⁄ LÙYX˙]Ù ˘VuTÙo.
LiP SÙ” ˘LÙi” ˘TÙu≤L˚W SÙ” ˙Noj’
Lp¤ ˘Yh• SÙhP YkR LÙYX˙]Ù ˘VuTÙo.
˘Nufl Aeœ EV⁄m ˘Nm˘TÙu ULÙ ˙U⁄Æ≤p
TßdL
˘RnY TÙi•Vu œXj’ßjR ßXL˙]Ù GuTÙ⁄m
˘RÙi” ˘NnŸm A•VÙ⁄m Ag˘N›j’m YÙZ˙Y
˘NÙdLSÙRo A⁄[Ùp YkR —P˘WÙ∞˙VÙ GuTÙ⁄m.
¡i” ˙T—m U⁄YX˚W ˘Yh•´˚W ˙VjR˙Y
˘Yp¤m T¨˙V\ YkR ˙YkR˙]Ù GuTÙ⁄m
AiPo SÙVLu ß⁄d˙LÙÆp È˚Ndœm
BLURjßT• SPj’m UÙWÙN˙]Ù ˘VuTÙ⁄m.
ßeLs ÿmUÙ¨ ˘TÙØk’ TXThP˚\Ÿm YÙZ˙Y
˘RnY NkßWu œXj’ßjR ßXL˙]Ù˘VuTÙ⁄m
GeLs LXj’dœ Ko B∞VÙ] æW˙]Ù
Gufl RÙXÙhP TgN˚Q ¡’ Ts∞ ˘LÙiPÙo.
(˙Yfl)
Ts∞ ˘LÙsfiUkRl TÙXL‡d ˘LhPÙ UÙRm
TÙ¤m TZÿm NdL˚W ∫≤RÙ‡UÙn
˘Ys∞j R∞˚L´≠h ˘PÙu\ÙLd œZl©˙V
˙YkRu U•´p ˚Yj’ AÿÁh• ˙UÆ]Ùo
SÙfim SÙfi RoUk R˚ZdL˙Y, ∫o Æ[eL
SÙ¤ ˙YRÿm SÙR™P YÙXf NkßWu ˙TÙX˙Y
BfidLZLu Aß OÙ] YpXTUÙ\u
Bi” ®ufl Ru◊Æ ¡’ YÙZ˙Y
øiP œg£ ÿ•dœ AgN]m UgN˚[ È£
˘SjßdLZLÙnl ˘TÙh”™h” —h•Lh•
ÁiPÙU¶ ˘Wjß]ÿm ÿj’ UÙ˚XLfim
OÙX Í]œZ¤˙U RÙoYPÿ U¶kRÙo.
˙Yi” ÆWXÙØ Y˚[d LfNÿm Lh•
≈⁄ Ri˚Pf NRe˚Ld °i°¶ŸU¶kRÙo.
TßlTÙ£¨Vo: SÙ. YÙ]UÙU˚X
LX˚Y YÙd°Vm
ÿtflj ˘RÙPWÙL A˚UkRJ⁄ ÿRu˚U YÙd°Vÿm, GfNj
˘RÙPWÙL A˚UkR TX ’˚QYÙd°VeLfim LXk’ Y⁄Y’.
TV‡s[ ËpL˚[lT•j’m SpXYoLfiPu TZ°Ÿm
YÙrd˚L´p ÿu˙]\A˚]Y⁄m ÿVX˙Yi”m.
Ceœ YÙrd˚L´pÿu˙]\ A˚]Y⁄m
ÿVX˙Yi”m GuT’ L⁄j’ÿ•‹ ˘Tt\ ÿRu˚U
YÙd°Vm.TV‡s[ ËpL˚[lT•j’, SpXYoLfiPu TZ°
B°V] GfNj ˘RÙPWÙL A˚UkR’˚QYÙd°VeLs.
92
@ C⁄ L˚RlTÙPpL˚[Ÿm Jl¿” ˘NnL.
@ L˚Rl-TÙ-Pp-L-∞p ˘Y∞l-T-”m ˘Ti-L-∞u ®˚X œ±j-’ ÆYÙ-ßd-L.
@ L˚Rl-TÙ-Pp-Ls ÆZÙd-LÙ-Xe-L-∞p ·j-RÙL S•d-Ll-T-”-°u-\-]. øe-Ls LiP
H˙R‡m J⁄ L˚X Y•-Ym œ±j-’ A‡-T-Yd œ±l◊ RVÙo ˘Nn-L.
@ C˚Q-Vj-ß -≠-⁄k-’ H˙R-‡m ·j-’dL˚X-˚Vl Tß-Æ-\d -Lm ˘Nn-’
LXk’˚WVÙ”L.
@ YhPÙWYZdœf˘NÙtL˚[j ˘RÙœj’ ALWÿR≠ RVÙ¨dL.
@ ""J⁄ ˘LÙPm Ri¶ Fjß
J⁄ È Èj-R-’
˘Wi-” ˘LÙPm Ri¶ Fjß
˘Wi-” È Èj-R-’'' ˛ C’- TÙu\ Æ˚[-VÙh-”l TÙPp-L- [j ˘RÙœd-L.
@ SÙh-”l-◊\l TÙPp-L-˚[f ˙NL-¨j-’ C˚N-Ÿ-Pu TÙ”-L.
@ Tp-˙Y-fl Y˚L-VÙ] SÙh-”l-◊-\l-TÙ-Pp-L-˚[j ßWh-• SPj’L.
@ SÙh-”l-◊-\l-TÙ-Pp-L-∞p Æg£ ®t-T-’ C˚N-VÙ? Ti-TÙh-”d ·fl-L-[Ù? Gu\
R˚Xl-©p Th-•-Uu-\m SPj-’-L.
@ ""SÙPÙ] SÙP-ß˙X SpX Xi-Pu Th-P-Qj-ß˙X
˙RN-UÙ] ˙RNj-ß˙X £\k-R- Xi-Pu Th-P-Qj-ß˙X
TÙW-Pd° AW-NÙi-PÙo T\e-°j ’˚W Ru L˚R˚V
TÙ”-°u-˙\Ùm CdL-˚R˚V LU-X-TÙ-Rm RÙu ˙TÙt±'' ˛ C’-˙TÙu\ L˚Rl-TÙ-Pp-
L∞u R≤j-Ru-˚U- œ±j-’d LXk-’-˚W-VÙ-”-L.
@ SÙh-”l-◊-\l-TÙ-Pp-L-fid-œm L˚Rl-TÙ-Pp-L-fid-œ-™-˚P˙V LÙQ-XÙ-œm Yfl-TÙ-”
œ±j-’ ÆYÙ-ßd-L.
@ SU’ Tœß´p YZeœm TZ˘UÙØL˚[Ÿm Æ”L˚RL˚RL˚[Ÿm ˘RÙœdL.
SÙ. YÙ]UÙU˚X
˘NVpTÙ”Ls
CYo 15 Bi”L[ÙL SÙh”l◊\ÆVp ˘RÙœlTÙ[WÙL‹m
BnYÙ[WÙL‹m T¶◊¨kRYo. B´WdLQdLÙ] SÙh”l◊\l
TÙPpL˚[Ÿm L˚RlTÙPpL˚[Ÿm ˘RÙœj’s[Ùo. CYo
˘RÙœjR Bfl L˚RlTÙPpL˚[ U’˚Wl TpL˚XdLZLm
˘Y∞´h”s[’. "BWÙnf£' Gu‡m BnÆR˚Zj ˘RÙPok’
˘Y∞´hPÙo.
93
TZ- UÙ-Ø-Ÿm S˚Lf-—- Y-Ÿm
ÿu-‡˚W
£¨d-Lj ˘R¨kR ÆXeœ U≤-Ru. Cm-™-⁄L C]j-ß-¤m, R™r C]j-˚Rl ˙TÙXl
Td-œ-Ym A±k-’ £¨d-Lj ˘R¨kR Ko C]m EX-Lj-ßp ˙Yfl Ge-œm LÙQ ÿ•-
VÙ’ Gu-TÙo-Ls. S˚L-ÿ-Lm LÙh-”-Y-’, ◊u-ÿ-fl-Yp Èl-T-’, YÙnÆh-”f £¨l-T’,
C≤V £¨l-TÙp, ©\o ˙TNÙR ˙Tf-NÙp ©\o Es-[j-˚Rd ˘LÙs˚[ ˘LÙs-Y-’
Gp-XÙm R™-Zod-œd ˚LYkR J⁄ L˚X-VÙ-œm. £¨d-Lj ˘R¨-VÙ-R-Yu ©˚Zd-Lj
˘R¨-VÙ-R-Yu GuT’ Sm-SÙh-” ÿ’- UÙØLfis Ju-fl.
TZ- UÙ-Ø-Ÿm LÆ- R-Ÿm
TZ- UÙ-Ø- Vj RÙp-LÙl-©-Vo Nn-Ÿ-∞-V-≠p ·fl-Y-RÙp, CR- ]-Ÿm VÙl◊ Y˚L-
´-‡s Noj-’d LQd-°-”-°u-\]o. TZ-˘UÙ-Ø-˚Vd LÆ˚R Gu-TÙo-Ls. TZ-˘UÙ-Ø-
˚V, A˘U-¨dL SÙh-”l ˙TW-±-Oo CWÙ-Toh ¿Po ˙LÙ©u Gu-T-Yo S˚Lf-—˚Y
TVd-œm Sp-X- RÙ-⁄ LÆ˚R Gu˙\ TÙt-fl-°u-\Ùo. YÙohv- YÙoj TÙu- \Ùo
LÆ-˚Rd-œd ·flm CXd-L-Qm A˚]j-’m TZ-˘UÙ-Ød-œl TÙ⁄k-’-Y-]˙Y Gu-
TÙo-Ls. Tp- Y-fl —˚Yd-œ CP-]ÙL A˚Uk-’s[ TZ- UÙØ, S˚Lf-—- Yd-œm CPm
Rk-’, S˚Lf-—˚Y ˙U˙XÙe° ®t-L-‹m A˚Uk-’ Æ”-°u-\-’. LÆ-˚R-´p S˚Lf-
—˚Y ˙TÙXl TZ-˘UÙ-Ø-´-¤m Cf-—-˚Y-Ÿi-”.
Ju-TÙu —˚Y
˘RÙp-LÙl-©-Vo —˚Y-´˚] Gh-” G]d- ˘LÙi-PÙo. AR-˚],
S˚L˙V A›˚L C∞-Y-Wp U⁄h˚LAf-Nm ˘T⁄-™-Rm ˘Yœ∞ EY˚L Gu-flAl-TÙp Gh˙P ˘Unl-TÙ-” GuT
Gu-fl ˘Unl-TÙh-•-Vp ËtTÙ 33 Cp ·fl-Yo. Ce-M-]m ·\l-T-”m Gh-”-Y˚Lf
—˚Y-L- [Ù-”, NU-®˚X Gu\ —˚Y- - ]-Ÿm Noj-’f £Xo —˚Y Ju-T-’ GuTo.
Æ⁄l◊ Yfll-Tt\ NU-®- X-VÙ-Ld LÙs-Y-RÙp £Xo AR- ]f —˚Y G]d LÙs-
Y-ßp-˚X.
U≤-Rl-©-\Æ J⁄ Æk-˚R-VÙ]’ -RÙu. CkRl ©\Æ G”jR ©\-˙L, U≤-R-]Ùp,
—˚Yd-L- ÿ-•-°u-\-’; GR-˚]-Ÿm Su-\ÙL A‡-T-ÆdL ÿ•-°u-\-’. ˙Yfl-TÙ-”
EQok’, Es-[j-’ EQof-£- Vf £¨l-TÙ-¤m LÙhP ÿ•-°u-\-’. H˚]V ÆXeœ-
L-˚[l ˙TÙX U≤-Ru ˘Yflm CVp-Èd-Lj-RÙp (Instinct) Uh-”m CVe-L-Æp-˚X.
94
Í˚[-Ÿ-Pu SWm◊ Ui-P-X-ÿm ˘LÙi-” CVe-œ-°u-\Ùu. U] EQo‹ ˘Tt-fl
Es-[Ùu. B\Ù-Y-’ A±‹ AY-‡-˚PV R≤j-Ru-˚Ud-œm —˚Y EQo-‹d-œm
LÙW-Q-UÙL A˚U-°u-\-’. U]j-RÙp Gi-—˚Y LÙi-°u-\Ùu. SÙd-LÙp Afl-—˚Y
LÙi-°u-\Ùu. Lt-T- ]-VÙp TX —˚Y-L˚[Ÿm LÙi-°u-\Ùu. Ck-Rf —˚Y EQo‹
U≤-R-‡d˙L E¨-V-’. Cq-Y-˚Lf —˚Y-L-fis R˚X-£-\k-’ Æ[e-œ-Y-’ S˚Lf-
—˚Y˙V Bœm. AR-]Ùp RÙu ˘RÙp-LÙl-©-V-]Ù-⁄m S˚Lf-—-˚Y˚V ÿR-≠p
˚Yj-’ ËtTÙ CVt-±-]Ùo.
YÙrd- L- p S˚Lf-—˚Y
H˚Z- u £¨l-©p C˚\-Y- ]d LÙi-°- \u Gu-fl TW-±-Oo AiQÙ ·±-]Ùo.
NU-V-YÙ-ß-L-fim ·Pd œZk-˚R-´u £¨l-©p C˚\-Yu LÙh-£-V-∞l-T-RÙ-Ld ·fl-
YÙo-Ls. ˘Tt-˘\-”jR RÙ´u U]m Ru œZk-˚R-´u UZ-˚X-˘UÙØ ˙Lh-L-‹m
£¨l-˘TÙ≠ ˙Lh-L-‹˙U He-°d-°-Pd-°u-\-’. RÙn Ru S˚L-ÿ-Lm LÙh-•d LÙh-•d
œZk-˚R´Pjßp £¨l˚T Eß-Wf ˘Nn-°u-\-Ùs. œZk-˚R-´u £¨l˙T, RÙnd-œ
Ei- U-VÙ] ød-L-ÿ-•-VÙR U°rf£VÙL A˚Uk-’ Æ”-°u-\-’.
A”j-’d LÙR-Xo EX-Lj-ßt-œ Y⁄-°u-˙\Ùm. LÙR-˙X, Li-˘QÙ-” Li-¶˚Q
˙SÙd°j ˙RÙu-±-”m ◊u-£-¨l-©p RÙ˙] ©\d-°u-\-’. £¨l◊ Cp-˚X-˘Vu-\Ùp
LÙRp Gu-T˙R EX-Lj-ßp Cp-XÙ-Ut ˙TÙ´-⁄d-L-XÙm. Ne-Ll TÙPp-L-∞p ALl
TÙPp-Ls A˚]j-’m CR-˚]j-RÙ˙] TÙ”-°u-\-].
CRt-œl ©u-]o, LÙR-˚Xd ˚Ll-©-•j-’d œ”m-Tm SPj-’m ®˚X YkR Æ⁄k-ß-
]˚W YW- Yt-L- Yi-”m. ß⁄-Ys-fi-Y-⁄m Cp-X-\j- Rl TN YkR CPj-ßp, Au-
◊- P- Ud-œ A”j-’ Æ⁄k-’ TÙt-flm Y[Ùi- U- Vl T—-°u-\Ùo. CkR Ys-
Æd-œ A•l-T-˚P-VÙL ˙Yi-”-Y-’ S˚L-ÿ-Lm Gu-T-R-˚]j RUd˙L E¨V ÿ˚\-
´p Æ[d-œ-Y- Rd LÙQ-XÙm. C’ œ±j-’l TZ- UÙ-Ø-Ls Ei-”. YkR ÿLj˚Rd
LÙh-”; YkR Æ⁄k-ß-]˚W Kh-”.
Æ⁄k-ß-]˚W YW-˙Yt-T-ßp SÙh-”d-œ SÙ” Æj-ß-VÙ-Nm. SU-’ SÙh-•p Aß-L-UÙ-Ll
˙TNÙ-’ TÙ]Ù-¤m S˚L-ÿ-Le-LÙhP Yi-”m. ◊u-ÿ-fl-Yp Eßoj-’ Æ⁄k-ß-]˚W
YW-˙YtL ˙Yi-”m. Cp-˚X-˙Vp Æ⁄k-ß-]-¨u ÿLm YÙ•-Æ-”m.
A”j-’, YÙrd-˚L-´p £¨l◊ ˘Tflm CPj-˚Rl Tt-±f ˘NÙp-Xj ˙R˚Y-´p˚X.
‘£¨j-’ T˚L-Y˚] Yp-Xj R -VÙ-R-Yu J⁄ T˚R’ Gu-fl J⁄ TZ- UÙØ Ei”.
‘£¨j-’ YkR ˘RÙp-˚X˚V Kh-”’ Gu-TÙo-Ls. Sm-SÙh-•p Uh-”-Up-XÙ-Up EX-Lm
Ge-œm Es[ NÙu-˙\Ùo-Ls A˚]-Y-⁄˙U £¨d-Lj ˘R¨k-’ ˘LÙs[ ˙Yi-”m.
ß⁄-Ys-fi-Yo ‘C”d-Li Y⁄e-LÙp SœL’ Gu-\Ùo. YkR ’u-Tj-ßu Gß- p £¨j’,
SÙu GRt-œm Ag-N-UÙh-˙Pu Gu\ Eu-‡-˚PV U]-®-˚X-´-˚]d LÙh-”; EWm
˘TflL; J¸ı ˘TflL Gu-fl ·\Ù-Up ·±-Ÿs-[Ùo.
95
Gs-[p
Ko AW-£-Vp-YÙ-ß, XgN JØl◊ UÙSÙ-” Ju-±t-œj R˚X˚U RÙe-°l ˙T£-]Ùo.
˚LÎh-” YÙe-œ-˙YÙ-˚Wd L”-˚U-VÙ-Lj RÙd-°l-˙T-£-]Ùo. Gp-˙XÙ-⁄m ˙Lh-”
ANk’ ˙TÙ]Ùo-Ls. AYo ˙Tf-˚Nd ˙Lh-”d ·h-Pm ÿ•k-R-©u-]o, J⁄-Yu
AY-¨-Pm ˘Nu-fl, Rm UL-‡d-œ VÙ¨-P-UÙ-Y-’ £TÙ-¨-— ˘Nn-’, Sp-X-˘RÙ-⁄ ˙Y˚X
YÙe-°d ˘LÙ”e-Ls Gu-\Ùu. EP-˙], AYo G]d-œ Gq-Y-[‹ TQm R⁄-YÙn
Gu-\Ùo, AYo ˙Tf-— F⁄d-œ ET-˙R-Nm.
LQ-Y-‡m U˚]-Æ-Ÿm Si-To J⁄-Yo ≈h-”d-œ J⁄-SÙs Æ⁄k-’ NÙl-©-Pl
˙TÙ]Ùo-Ls. CP- S-⁄d-L-•, Tk-ßd-œ ÿk-ßd- LÙ, T˚Pd-œl ©k-ßd- LÙ Gu-T-R˚]
U\k-R-]o. ˘U’-YÙ-Ll ˙TÙ]-RÙp Tk-ß-´p L˚P-£-´p RÙu CP-ÿm °˚Pj-R-’.
·h-Pm Aß-L-UÙL C⁄k-R-RÙp, CYu U˚]-Æd-œl T±-UÙ-flm Y˚X LÙ”j-RÙo-
Ls. T±-UÙ-flm Bs Sm B[ÙL C⁄k-R-RÙp, Tk-ß-´p ÿu˙] C⁄k-RÙp Gu-]?
L˚P-£-´p C⁄k-RÙp Gu-]? Gu-fl ®˚]j-’d ˘LÙi-PÙu LQ-Yu. U˚]Æ
˘Sn˚V Ft-±d-˘LÙi˙P Yk-RÙs. Ru ≈h-•p ˘Nn-Y-’ ˙TÙX˙Y ˘NÙh-”f
˘NÙhPÙL ˘Sn-˚Vl ˙TÙ”-YÙ˙[Ù Gu-fl ®˚]jR AY-‡d-œ Ko HUÙt-\m! YÙ¨
YÙ¨ Ft-±-]Ùs. AV-XÙo ≈h-” ˘Sn˙V Gu ˘Ti-PÙh-•d ˚L˙V Gu-fl U]j-
ßt-œs ®˚]j-’ EY˚L Èj-RÙu. Tk-ß-´u L˚P-£-´p Eh-LÙok-R-RÙp Ju-flm
CZl-©p-˚X˙V!
J⁄ ©f-˚Nd-LÙ-Wu TX ≈” ˘Nu-\Ùu. ©f˚N ˙Lh-PÙu. VÙ⁄m ˙TÙP-Æp-˚X.
Gu] ˘Nn-Y-’ Gu-fl ÆØj-’d ˘LÙi-•-⁄k-RÙu. Ko AmUÙ Yk-RÙo-. AY]’-
Th-•≤ ®˚X˚V EQok-’ Y⁄k-ß-]Ùo. C⁄d-œm TZe-Lg-£- V-Ÿm Ft-±-ÆhPÙp
Gu] Nn-Y-’ Gu-fl Gi-¶d LÙi-•-⁄d-œm TÙ’ TZg- NÙ-fl C⁄k-RÙp˙TÙ”
T£d-LÙ-U-≠dL YWm R⁄-°-˙\u Gu-\Ù-]Ùm.
SU-’ SÙh-•p Jl-TÙ-¨-˚Yj-’ A›-Y-’ J⁄ L˚X-VÙL Y[ok-’-Æh-P-’. ˘Nj-R-Y-
‡d-œf ∫¨h-” A› Gu-T-’ R™-Zod˙L E¨V Ti-TÙ-”. ˘NjR EP˙] Ád-°d
˘LÙi-”- TÙnj RL-]m Nn-’-Æh-” U\k-’-ÆP UÙh- PÙm. TZ- UÙØ ·flm TiTÙ-”
C’. CkR ®˚X-´p, Ko Bf-£-VÙo Yk-RÙo. TÙP BWm-©j-RÙo. Jl-TÙ¨ ÿ•d-L-
Æp-˚X. TdLj-ßp ®u-fld ˘LÙi-•-⁄kR RÙn-UÙo-Ls £Xo Nt-fld °i-P-XÙ-Ld
‘L≠-VÙQ ≈h-”d-œl-˙TÙ-]Ù˙X Lh-• A›-°-\-Ys
GZ‹ ≈” °˚Pj-’-Æh-PÙp Gu] ˘NnV UÙh-PÙs’ Gu-\-]o.
TZ-˘UÙ-Ø-Ls
R A˚Wl-T-• Au-]-RÙ-]m Æ•V Æ•-Vf ˘Nn-RÙ-]Ùm.
R HiPÙ Æ›k-RÙn Gu-\Ùp LW-Qm ˙TÙh-”l TÙoj-˙Ru Gu-\Ù-]Ùm.
96
R LW-•d-Lt-\-Y˚] HiPÙ CP-±Æ-›k-RÙn Gu-\Ùp, A’-‹m J⁄ Æj˚RGu-\Ù-]Ùm.
R LPp Yt-±d L⁄-YÙ-” ßu-]-XÙm G]d LÙjß⁄k’ EPp Yt-±f ˘Nj-R-RÙm˘LÙdœ.
R Gs- Æ-›k-RÙp G”dL ULÙ-˙N-˚], Bs Æ›k-RÙp G”dL Bs Cp˚X.
R ˚L˚Vl ©•j-’j Ád-°-Æ-”, ©Qd-LÙ-PÙd° Æ”-°-˙\u.
R Cg£ Gu-\Ùp ˘R¨-VÙRÙ G¤-™f-˚Nl-T-Zm ˙TÙp C≤l-TÙL C⁄d-œm.
R SÙR-—Wm ˘R¨-VÙ-RÙ? Uj-R-[m ˙TÙXd LX-LX Gu-fl C⁄d-œm.
R Tg-N-TÙi-P-Yo Gu-\Ùp ˘R¨-VÙ-RÙ? Lh-•p LÙ˚Xl-˙TÙX Íu-fl Gu-fl˘NÙp≠, CWi-” ÆW- Xd-LÙh-•, Ju-fl G›-ß, A˚R-Ÿm A›jß ÆhPÙ]Ùm.
R ≈”-Tt± G¨-°u-\-’; SpX ˙SWm TÙoj-’d °Q-fl-˙RÙi-•j Ri-Ωo˘LÙi”YÙ, G¨-°u\ ˘S⁄l˚T AÆl- TÙm Gu-\Ù-]Ùm.
R ˙VÙd-°-VÙ, ˙VÙd-°VÙ ≈” TÙoj-’d-˘LÙs Gu-\Ùp, G]d-œ C⁄l-T-’ß⁄h”d-˚L, ≈h-˚Pl-Èh-•˚Y Gu-\Ù-]Ùm.
R LÙh-”d-œs C⁄k-’ ˚LLÙh-”m Ls-∞, LÙdLÙ T\d-Ld Li-” ß”d-°h-”l˙TÙ˙]u Gu-\Ù-[Ùm.
R LÙd-˚Ld-œf ˙NÙfl ˚Yd-Ld LÙR-YØ ˙TÙ]Ù-]Ùm J⁄-Yu.
R VÙ˚] LÙQÙ-Up ˙TÙn-Æh-P-’ Gu-fl œi-” Nh-•-´p ˚LÆh-”j ’ZÙ-Æj ’ZÙ-Æl TÙoj-RÙ-]Ùm.
R AYs ˘TVo ·k-Rp AZ°; R˚X ˘UÙh˚P.
R J¸ıd-œm ˙NYL-‡d-œ ¡˚N ÿfld-°P Ju-T-’ B[Ùm.
R Ae-LÙ-•dLÙ¨-˚Vf Ne-∏-Rm TÙPf-˘NÙu-]Ùp, ˘Ye-LÙ-Vm, ˘Yi-˚Pd-LÙnGu-fl TÙ•-]Ù-[Ùm..
R U’-˚W-´p A•-ThP „W-‡d-œ UÙ]Ù-U-’-˚W-´p ¡˚N ’•j-R-RÙm.
R Uj-R-[m ˘TÙj-Rp Gu-fl £t-˘\-flm-◊j ˙RÙXÙp Í•-]Ù-]Ùm.
R Bi-•-Ÿm Bi-•-Ÿm Lh-•l-◊-Wi-PÙp, NÙm-T-¤m NÙm-T-¤m-RÙu Jh-•d-˘LÙs-fim.
ÿ•-‹˚W
R™-Zo-Ls, C˚\-Y-]Ù-¨u ß⁄-ÿ-Lj-ßp ˘LÙq-˚Yf ˘Nq-YÙ-´p œ™i £¨l-◊d-LÙQ ˙Yi-”m Gu-T˙R ˘T⁄-˙SÙd-L-UÙ-Ld ˘LÙi-” YÙrk-’ Yk-R-]o. C˚\-YuÿLj-ßp LÙQl-T-”m ◊u-£-¨l-©˚]j Rm YÙrd-˚L-´-¤m Li-”, Ak-Rf £¨l-©-˚]˙V H˚Z- u ◊u-£- l-©-¤m Li-”, C˚\-Y- ]d LÙQj-’-•jR R™r-SÙh-•p,S˚Lf-—˚Y R⁄m TZ-˘UÙ-Ø-L-fid-œ A[˙Y Cp-˚X. A˚Y-˘LÙi-” £¨j-’l©\˚W-Ÿm £¨dL ˚Yj-’, EX-Lm YÙZ, SÙÿm YÙrk-˙RÙe-œ-˙YÙ-UÙ-L.
˛ T. ÿ⁄Lu
97
@ ÷m TÙPl-T-œß- u YØ-®u-fl L⁄j-’d-L- [j ßWh-• YÙrd- L- u ÆUo-N-]˙U
TZ- UÙ-Ø-Ls Gu‡m R˚Xl©p NÙt- TÙ-Ø-‹d-LÙ] L⁄j-’d-L- [j RVÙo NnL.
@ EU-’ Tœ-ß-´p YZe-œm TZ-˘UÙ-Ø-L-˚[j ßWh-• Es-[-PdL A•l-T-˚P-´p
Y˚Ll-T-”j-’-L.
@ "TZ-˘UÙ-Ø-Ÿm A±-Æ-V-¤m' Gu\ A•l-T-˚P-´p J⁄ Lh-”˚W RVÙo ˘NnL.
@ ""FWÙu ©s-˚[˚V Fh-• Y[oj-RÙp Ru-©s˚[ RÙ˙] Y[-⁄m'' Gu\ TZ-
˘UÙØ ˙So-˘TÙ-⁄s Uh-”-™u± ˙Yfl U˚\˘TÙ⁄-˚[-Ÿm R⁄-°-\-’. C’-˙TÙu\
˙Yfl TZ-˘UÙ-Ø-L-˚[j ßWh-”-L.
@ SÙh-”l-◊\ CXd-°-Ve-L-∞p T´u-fl Yk-’s[ Tf-— YZd-œf NÙt-L- [j ßWh•,
Y¨-˚Nl-T-”j-ß, C˚Q-VÙ] ÁV R™rf ˘NÙt-L˚[ G›ß J⁄ AL-WÙß RVÙo
˘Nn-L.
@ Cq-Y-X-°u ’˚Q˘LÙi-” J⁄ "SÙh-”l-◊\ CRr' RVÙo Nn-L. ∏rd-LÙ‘m œ±l-
◊-L-˚[l TVu-T-”j-R-‹m.
R˚X-Ve-Lm
YÙn- UÙ-Øl-TÙ-Pp-Ls
L˚Rl-TÙ-Pp-Ls
TZ-˘UÙ-Ø-Ls, Æ”-L-˚R-Ls
SÙh-”l-◊-\-dL˚X Y•-Ye-Ls
@ ∏r-Y-⁄m Be-°-Xl TZ-˘UÙ-Ø-L˚[ ˘UÙØ-VÙd-Lm ˘Nn-L.
A crying child obtains milk.
Empty Vessels make most sound.
Money makes many things.
Unity is strength.
Barking dogs seldom bite.
Even the elephants slips.
˘NVpTÙ”Ls
98
TW-U-£-Y-WÙq! Ck-Rd L˚X˚V SPj-’-Y-Rt-œ Bh-Ls Cp-XÙ-R-R-]Ùp C’ AØg—˙TÙœm-‡ ®˚]d-°-»e-L-[Ù?
A’-‹m ÿd°-V-UÙ] LÙW-Qm-RÙu. A˙RÙP Cu-˚\V C˚[V R˚X-ÿ-˚\d
L˚X-Oo-L-fid-œj ˙RÙp-TÙ-˚Yd ·j-’d L˚R-Ls Gp-XÙm ˘R¨-V-‹m Cp-˚X.
CYeL ˘T⁄m-TÙ-¤m WÙUÙ-V-Qd L˚R˚V SPj-’-YÙe-L. U´p-WÙ-Y-Qu L˚R,
Uf-N-Yp-X-Tu TÙo TÙu\ ·j-’-L-fid-œ Cl˙TÙ TPe-L˙[ Cp- X- V. AkRd
L˚R-Ls R -V-‹m R -VÙ-’. A˙RÙ-” Cu- ]Ù-⁄ ÿd-°-V-UÙ] Æ -VjR øeL
LY-≤d-L-‘m. Ck-Rd L˚X˚V SPj-’m NÙßd-LÙ-We-L-∞u Lh-”l-TÙ-”, CYeL
J›d-Lm, ˘TÙ⁄-[Ù-RÙ-W ®˚X, Gp-˙XÙ-WÙ-¤m ◊\d-L-¶d-Ll-ThP ˙TÙd-œ,
AkRv’ Cp-XÙR ®˚X Cl-T-• Gp-XÙ-Yt- \-Ÿm LQd- L-”jR ©\-œ-RÙu CkRÿ•-‹d-œ YÙ˙\u.
·j-’ SPj-’-\-˚R˙V CYeL ˙LY-XUÙ ®˚]dL BWm-©f-£h-PÙe-L. ¨d-LÙo-”˙Puv B”-\-ß˙X °˚Pd-°\ Y⁄m-T-•-´p LÙp-Te-œ-RÙu ·j-’X °Pd-œ-’.Cu-‡m VÙ£f-—f NÙu]Ù CkR d-LÙo-” PuNÙ- X˙V Ck-Rd L˚X AØg-—˙TÙœm-‡ ˘NÙp-X-XÙm.
CRd ˘LÙg-Nm Æ[d-LUÙ ˘NÙp-¤e-L-˙[u.
Ys-∞-Îo Td-Lm Gu UL-‡m, U⁄-U-L-fim ¨d-LÙo-” ˙Puv B•d-°h-•-⁄d-LÙe-L. J⁄ SÙ˚[d-œ 3 4 TdLÙA¨-£-Ÿm, 50 ÿRp 100 ÏTÙ-Ÿm°˚Pd-œm. C’X W¥≤ TÙh-”, LUpTÙh-”, NWj-œ-UÙo TÙh-”u-‡ UÙ±UÙ± B”]Ù FoX Es[ C[m ©s-˚[-L-˘[p-XÙm ˙TÙh-• ˙TÙh-”°h” ˘LÙ”d-°\ TQm C⁄d˙LA’ 10 SÙs ·j-’ SPj-ß-]Ù-¤m°˚Pd-LÙ-’.
˙RÙp-TÙ- Yd L˚X-O⁄PuJ⁄SÙs
99
ClT GeL NÙßd-LÙ-We-Ls[ £X C˚[-Oo-Ls L¶-VÙu ·j-’X Ti Y`m˙TÙh-” BPl ˙TÙ\Ùe-L. C’X SpX Y⁄-UÙ-]m. L¶-VÙu NÙßV AW-NÙe-LmTZe-œ-• Ud-L[Ù A±-Æf-N-R-]ÙX AYe-Ls[ TX- T-⁄ AW-— YXd-œl TÙ´h-PÙeL. AR-]ÙX AeL Ti Y`m TÙP Uœ-Pm Lh-• BP Bh-Ls CpX.GeL Bfi-L-RÙu ˙TÙ\Ù-L.
R™-Z-Lj-’X ˙RÙp-TÙ-˚Yd ·j-’ L˚X˚V SPj-’-\-YeL Ge-˘Lp-XÙm C⁄d-°-\Ùe-L?
SÙLo-˙LÙ-Æp, ß⁄-˘Sp-˙Y-≠, Áj-’d-œ-•, ˙LÙÆp-Th-•, ˘Ru-LÙ-£, WÙU-SÙ-R-◊-Wm B°V SL-We-L˚[ A”jR °WÙ-Ue-Ls[ ◊\m-˙TÙd-œ ®Xe-Ls[ CYeLœ•- -⁄d-LÙe-L. SÙLo- LÙ-Æ˚X A”jR Rm-Uj-’d- LÙ-Qj-ßp J⁄ œ”m-T-ÿm,ß⁄-U-XÙ-◊-Wj-ßp 11 œ”m-Te-L-fim, YPd-œ ÷s-∞-Æ-˚[, ULÙ-RÙ-]-◊-Wm B°VCPe-L-∞p 4 œ”m-Te-L-fim BL 16 œ”m-Te-Ls Lu-≤-VÙ-œ-U¨ UÙYh-Pj-ßpYÙr-°u-\-]. ß⁄-˘Sp-˙Y-≠˚V A”jR Tœ-ß-´p 3 œ”m-Te-L-fim, ˙LÙÆp-Th-• Uk-ß-˙RÙl-©p 40 œ”m-Te-L-fim U’-˚W-´-¤m A”j-R-”jR Tœ-ß-L-∞-p14 œ”m-Te-L-fim Ru-LÙ-£-´p J⁄ œ”m-T-ÿm BL 84 œ”m-Te-Ls R™-Z-Lj-ßp YÙr-°u-\-].
˙RÙp-TÙ-˚Yd-·j-’ SPj-’-\-YeL —UÙ-WÙ Gq-Y-[‹ ˙To C⁄l-TÙe-L?
˘WÙm-Td œ˚\-YÙ] BfieL RÙu Cl˙TÙ Ck-Rd L˚XV SPj-’-\Ùe-L. SÙLo-˙LÙ-ÆpX Bfl œ”m-Te-L-fim, ˙LÙÆp-Th-• U’˚W Tœ-ß-´p 5 œ”m-Te-L-fim WÙU-SÙ-R-◊-Wj-’X J⁄ œ”m-T-ÿm BL 12 œ”m-Te-Ls-RÙu Ck-Rd L˚X˚VSPj-ßd-°h-” C⁄d-LÙe-Lu-‡ Ej-˙R-N-UÙf ˘NÙp-X-XÙm.
Ut-\-Ye-L?
¨d-LÙo-” Puv, TÌu, Tu£ TÙ⁄s Æt-T˚] Cl-T-•j-RÙu. IkRÙfl œ”m-
TeLs ·≠-˙Y˚X ˘Nn-Ÿ-\Ùe-L. Ui-•-Lo NÙßd-LÙ-WeL EP-¤-˚Zl-©p Æ⁄l-
Tm Cp-XÙ-R-Ye-L ˘Nn-V-‹m ÿ•-VÙ-R-Ye-L. Y≠-˚U-Ÿm Cp-X. CYe-L-fid-œ
TÌu, Tu£ Æ˚[-VÙh-”l TÙ⁄-hLs ÆVÙ-TÙ-Wj-ßp °˚Pd-°\ XÙTm Aß-
Lm-RÙu. Ck-Rj RÙØpX CYeL KW-[‹ Sp-X-T-•VÙ YÙ›-\Ùe-L. RÙp-TÙ- Yd-
·jR SPj-’-\-YeL Uh-”m-RÙu ÀY-]j-’d-œd Lx-Pl-T-”-\Ùe-L. CR-]ÙX CkRd
L˚X ·•V ∫d-°-Wm AØg-— ˙TÙœm.
L˚R SPjR BWm-©d-œm˙TÙ’ HRÙ-Y-’ NPe-œ Ei-PÙ?
AlTÙ LÙXj-’X 30 ˛ 40 Y⁄- e-L-fid-œ ÿu-]ÙX NPe-œ SPk-ß-⁄d-œ. ·j-’
BWm-©d-œm ÿu-]ÙX ·j-’ AWe-°t-œs Es-[ÙX C˚X- TÙh-”l TZm, Yt-
±˚X, TÙd-œ, AYp, ˘TÙ±, LP˚X, NÙ¶l-©s-˚[-VÙo ˚Yj-’f „Pm LÙh-•
·j-’ SPj-’-T-Yo È˚N Ti-‘-YÙo. ©\-œ-RÙu ·j˚R BWm-©l-TÙo. Jq˘YÙ⁄
SÙfim C’ SPd-œm.
100
LR SPd-°-\l˙TÙ C’ UÙߨ ˙Y\ HRÙ-Y-’ NPe-œ SPd-œ-UÙ?
°˚P-VÙ-’. B]Ù CWÙ-Uo Th-PÙ-©-˙`L L˚R SPd-°-\l˙TÙ ·j-’ SPd-œm NU-
Vj-’X Fod-LÙ-WeL CWÙ-Uo TPj-’d-œ ˙Yh-• ∫˚Rd-œ ˙N˚X ˘LÙ”l-TÙe-L.
CWÙ-Uo LÙh-”d-œl TÙ\l˙TÙ CWÙ-Uo Th-PÙ-©- -Lm SPd-°-\l˙TÙ Fod-LÙ-
WeL U¨-VÙ-˚RVÙ C⁄l-TÙe-L. C˘Rp-XÙm ˘WmT Y⁄-`j-’d-œ ÿu-]Ù˙X.
AlT TÙ˚Yd-·j-’dLÙWe-Lfid-œ CWÙ-UÙ-V-Qm T⁄X Ußl◊ C⁄kR NU-Vm.
TÙdœ\ Bfid-œm Ußl◊ C⁄k-R-’.
˙RÙp-TÙ-˚Y-L˚[ Y˚W-Ÿm-˙TÙ-’ HRÙ-Y-’ NPe-œ-Ls Ei-PÙ?
°˚P-VÙ-’. GeL RÙjRÙ LÙXj-ß-≠-⁄k˙R C⁄k-RRÙ ®˚]-Æp-˚X.
˘TÙ’YÙ ·j-’ SPjR Gj-R˚] ˙To ˙Yi-”m?
C’d-œ LQd-œ Cp- X. Ak-Rd œ”m-Tj-’X Es[ Gi-¶d- L- Vl TÙfljR-’
A’. ·j-’ SPj-’-\-Y-⁄ ™⁄-Re-Lm Ap-X-’ LÙh-” A•d-°\Y⁄ —ß TÙ”-
\-Y-⁄, RÙ[d-Lh- P, Lg-£-\Ù, ©u-TÙh-” Cl-T-• BL 8 9 To. Bfi LÙ\gN
œ”m-T-ÿu]Ù ·j-’ SPj-’-\-Y-⁄ ˛ ™⁄-Re-Lm —ß RÙ[d-Lh˚P BL 4 ˛ 5
˙To-L[ Yf-— SPd-œm. Ge-L-fid-œl ˘T¨V œ”m-TUÙ ®˚\-Vl ©s-˚[-Ls
C⁄kRÙ Sp-X-’u-‡ ®˚]fN LÙXm A’. Ge-Ls SÙ¶-RÙXÙ È˚N-´u-˙TÙ-’m
®˚\-Vd œZk-˚R-Ls ˘T\-‡mu-‡ Am-U] ˙Yi-•-d-œ-˙YÙm.
TÙ‹WÙ Gl-T-• C⁄d-œm?
TÙ‹-WÙ‹ YÙVÙp C˚Nd-œm L⁄-Æ. TÙYÙo Gu-flm C˚Rf ˘NÙpYÙo-Ls. C’
UWÙh-•-Vo NÙp. K˚X Íe-°-≠u S”˙Y ©[Ùv•d Tl-T˚W Yj-’ C˚Rf
˘Nn-°-˙\Ùm. WÙh-N-Ro-Ls Ni˚P ˙TÙ”-°\ LÙh-£-´-¤m TÙQm BLÙ-Vj-ßp
T\d-°\ TÙ’m TÙ’-YÙ] Ni-˚Pd LÙh-£-´-¤m C˚Rl TVu-T-”j-’-˙YÙm.
LÙ¤X Lh-PV Lh-•-´-⁄l-©e-L-[Ù? Gl-T-• A•l-¿e-L?
WÙh-N-Ro-Ls Ni-˚P-´-Pl-ThP NU-Vj-’-˙X-Ÿm Yfl LÙW-UÙ] LÙh-£-´-˙X-Ÿm
Lh-PV A•f-—d LÙh-”- YÙm. Ud Cp-XÙR LÙXe-Ls[ Lh˚P Rh-”m YZdLm
·”-RXÙ C⁄k-R-’. Cl˙TÙ C’ ˚Ud-œd-œ CPg-NXÙ ˘S]d-°-\Ùo-Ls. BL
·j-’ SPj-’-\-Y-⁄ TÙ‹-WÙ-N-Xe˚L, U¶, ·j-’d LÙ¤-Lh˚P BL Í‘ C˚Nd
L⁄-Æ-L-˚[-Ÿm C˚Nl-TÙ-⁄. C˚Y ˙TÙL YN-]m ˙T—-\-’m TÙ˚Y-L˚[ Bh-
”-\-’m CYo ˙Y˚X-RÙu.
L˚R SPj-’-\l˙TÙ øeL TÙ”\ TÙh-”L˘[p-XÙm UW◊ YØVÙ TÙP-\-’-RÙ-]Ù?
BUÙ. Al-TÙ, RÙjRÙ TÙ”\ TÙh-Pd-˙Lh-” U]l-TÙ-Pm Ti¶ TÙ”-\-’-RÙu.
SÙeL T•l-T-±‹ Cp-XÙ-R-Ye-L-RÙ-˙]. ◊j-R-Lj-Rl T•f-— Gl-T-•l TÙP ÿ•-Ÿm.
SÙeL TÙ”\ TÙh-”-L-[d ˙Lh-” T•f-N-YeL C’ Lm-T-WÙ-UÙ-V-Ql TÙh-”u-‡
˘NÙp-≠d ˙Lh-” C⁄d-˙Lu.
101
UWÙh-•-Vl TÙPp C˚P-´X TÙ”-±e-L-˙[?
AkRd LÙXj-’X £X UWÙh-•-Vl TÙPp-L[Ù C˚P- - P˙V TÙ•- ]Ùm. Cl˙TÙ
Ji˙QÙ ˘Wi˙PÙ TÙP-Xl TÙ”-˙\Ùm.
L˚R BWm-Tj-’X GkR UÙß-¨l TÙP-˚Xl TÙ”-±e-L?
ÆSÙ-V-Lo NWv-Yß ’ß, ÆL-P-WÙ-_u TÙh-”.
“ÆL-P-W-]Ùo TÙh-Pd ˙LfieL
S˚Wj-ß-”m ¡˚N RÙ•
SW-£e-Lm Tp-˚Xd-LÙh-•
LWj-ß˙X R•˚V Fu±
≈QÙn ˙Tf-—l ˙T£
ÆL-P-WÙ-_u N˚T-R-≤˙X Y⁄-¶d°-\Ù˙]”
·j’ SPj-’-\-’d-œu-‡ Gq-Y-[‹ ˙SWm G”j-’d-°-»e-L?
50 60 Y⁄-`e-L-fid-œ ÿu-]ÙX L˚R˚V Æ•V Æ•V SPj-’-˙YÙm. WÙj-ߨ
Tj-’ U¶dœ BWm-©fNÙ Æ•V Æ•V SPjß 4 5 U¶d-œd L˚R˚V ÿ•l-
˙TÙm. Al˙TÙ Ud °˚P-VÙ-’. 12 Lh-P- X WÙm-Tf Nj-RUÙ TÙP-‘m. TN‘m.
C˚P-´X ˘LÙg-Nm Kn‹ G”j-’d-°-”-˙YÙm. Al˙TÙ Gp-XÙm 2 ˛ 3 SÙs
Æh” Æh-”-jRÙu ·j-’ SPd-œm. Fod-LÙ-WeL Gi-˘Qn, ˙LÙØ, A¨-£u-‡
R⁄-YÙe-L. Gi-˘Qn ˙Rnj-’d-œ∞ Lh-PÙ-Vm Ei-”. ˙LÙØ, Bh-•-˚\f-£f
NÙl-TÙ-” Ei-”. J⁄ F⁄X 30 ˛ 40 SÙh-Ls Re-œ-˙YÙm. Ak-Rd LÙXj-’X
Gu·P (—l-˚TVÙ WÙq) L˚R SPj-’-\-Ye-Ls[ U’˚W LÙ[-˙U-L-WÙq, ß⁄f-
˘Nk-Áo ˘Np-˚XVÙ WÙq, ß⁄-˘Sp-˙Y≠ L˙Q-N-WÙq CYe-L[ ˘NÙp-X-XÙm.
TPm œ˚\YÙ C⁄kRÙ L˚R-Vf —⁄d-œ-≈e-L-[Ù?
Cp-˚X. TÙod-°\ ·h-Pm Y„-Xl ˘TÙflj-’d L˚RV øh-”-\-’m —⁄d-°-\-’m.
GeL AlTÙ ˙LÙTÙ-X-WÙq 5 ˙T⁄ C⁄k-RÙ-¤m L˚RV ÿ›-’m SPj-’
-YÙ-⁄. ˘TÙ’YÙ 1 ˛ 2 U¶d-·WÙ L˚RV SPj-’\ TZd-Lm ClT C⁄d-œ. AlT
UÙß-¨-´pX, Cl˙TÙ WN-˚]-Ÿm J⁄ Æ`-VjR øeL LY-≤d-L-‘m Ck-Rd
·j’X TPj-˚R-ÆP YN-]m TÙh-” RUÙ-—-RÙu ÿd-°-Vm. GeL AlTÙ Ak-Rd
LÙXj-’X Æ•V Æ•-Vd L˚R SPj-’-\l˙TÙ Es[ TPe-L-˚[j-RÙu Cu-‡m
Yf-£-⁄d-˙LÙm. Ck-Rl TPe-L˚[ Bh-”\ ÿ˚\ ˘NÙp\ L˚R TÙ”\ TÙh-”
Gp-XÙm TZ-—-RÙu. £X RUÙ-— £X Ah-˚Pl-T-Pe-L, £≤-UÙl TÙh-” Gp-XÙm
◊’-—-RÙu. C’X YÙnf NÙUoj-ß-Vm, œWX UÙj-\-’ LÙXe-LÙ-XUÙ Yo\ L˚R˚V
EQof-£-˙VÙP ˙T—-\-’ C’d-œ Gp-XÙm ˙Noj-’-RÙ˙] Ußl◊. C’X œWX
UÙjßl ˙T—-\-’ ÿd-°-Vm.
102
Al-˙TÙ-’ ·j-’ AWe-Lm ClT UÙß-¨-RÙu C⁄k-R-RÙ?
Cp-X. ClT UÙߨ Cp-X. Al˙TÙ Gp-XÙ˙U K˚X-´-X-RÙu Lh-”-˙YÙm. J⁄FoX Yk-’ SPjß ÿ•f-N-’m A”jR Fo G’e-°-\RÙ ÿu]d-LÙh-•˙V æo-UÙ-≤f-—d-°-˙\Ùm. Ji˙QÙ ˘Wi˙PÙ ˙To AkR F⁄d-œl-˙TÙn L˚R SPj-’\CPj- Rl TÙoj-’ Fod-LÙ-We-°h-Pl T£ ÿ•‹ Ti-¶-°h-” Yk-’ Æ”-YÙeL.Fod-LÙ-We-L˙[ K˚X-L-˚[d LÙ”l-TÙe-L. £X NU-Vm Yk-’ SPj-’-\-Ye-L˙[Æ˚Xd-œ YÙe° Æ”-YÙe-L. LR SPj-’\ CPj-Rf —jß K˚X Lh-”-YÙe-L. ·j’AWeL Sp-XÙ˙Y LhP‘m. Hu]Ù TÙ˚Yd ·j-’dLÙWe-L-fid-œ Gp-XÙ˙UAkR CPm-RÙ-˙]. TPe-L-˚[l TÙ’-LÙd-œ\ CPm ˛ œZk-˚R-L-˚[j ÁeL˚Yd°\ CPm ˛ Aj-ß-VÙ-Y-£-Vl ˘TÙ⁄h-L˚[l TÙ’-LÙlTÙ ˚Yd-°\ CPmGp-XÙ˙U A’ RÙ˙]. Yk-’ SPj-’-\-Ye-L-∞u ≈”u-‡ AR Yf-— Æ”-YÙe-L.AR-]ÙX AR Sp-XÙ˙Y Lh-•-⁄-YÙe-L.
J⁄ F¨˙X ·j-’ ÿ•g-N-’m K˚X-L-˚[-Ÿm Lm-◊-L-˚[-Ÿm AkR F¨-˙X˙V˘LÙ”j-ß-”-YÙe-L. Hu]Ù A˙R Yi-•-´X Ád-°-°h-”l ˙TÙL-ÿ-•-VÙ-’.Yi-• TÙW˙U N¨VÙ C⁄d-œm Jj-˚Rd-LÙ˚[ RÙ˙] Lh-•-´-⁄l-TÙe-L.
˚Ud ˘NhP TÙ˚Yd-·j-’X Ej-˙R-N -UÙL Gk-Rd LÙXj-’-Xl TVu-T-”j-’-…e-L?
U’-˚W-´p 1960 YÙd-°X Yk-ß-⁄d-L-‘m. Hu]Ù WÙ‹d-œ Jj-Rd œZ-Æu-‡ThPl-˘T-Vo Yf-˙NÙm. AY-⁄-RÙu ÿRpX œZÙn YÙe° ˚Uœ Yf-— A˚RSPj-ß-]Ù-⁄. SÙLo-˙LÙ-ÆpX 1968 YÙd-œX SÙu (T-W-U-£-Y-WÙq) Ai-Qu-UÙo-Ls WÙU-Nk-ß-W-WÙq, L˙Q-N-WÙq BL Í‘-˙T-⁄m 300 ÏTÙn ˘LÙ”j-’ J⁄v¿d-Lo ˘NhLÙWe-°hP C⁄k-’ ˚Ud, v¿d-Lo Gp-XÙm YÙe-°-˙]Ùm.
˚Ud Y⁄m ÿu-]ÙX GkR UÙß-¨-VÙ] Æ[d˚L Yf-—-⁄k-æe-L?
Ak-Rd LÙXj-’X ◊u-]d-LÙ´ Gi- Qn Æ[d-œ-X-RÙu ·j-’ SPd-œm. Æ[dLUi-QÙX Nn-ß-⁄l-˙TÙm. Cl˙TÙ TÙ˚]-L˚[ Í•-˚Yd-°\ E˚X Í•f Nh-•- -⁄d˙L A’ UÙߨ £u-]RÙ C⁄d-œm. A˚R Yd-°-\-’dœ ≈ßVÙ YhPUÙJ⁄ C⁄m-◊j Rh-” Ei-”. Ak-Rj Rh-”d-œ ˙UX NÙ¶V Yf-— A’d-œ ˙UXUi Nh-•V Yl- TÙm. NÙ¶- Up Ui Nh-•V YfNÙ Gi- Q- Vd œ•d-LÙ’TÙ⁄e-L. C⁄m-◊j Rh-”X ø[-UÙLd Lm© TÙ⁄j-ß-´-⁄d-œm. AkRd Lm-©-´uY˚[gN TÙLj-˚Rd ·˚W ˙U˙X ˘LÙfijß Yf-£-⁄l-TÙ. CkR Æ[d-œ ·j-’®Lrj-’\ AWe-œX ß˚Wf-∫- X˚V Jh-• SWÙ-Lj RÙe-LÆh-” C⁄d-œm. ·j-’®Lrj-’-\-Y-¨u R˚Xd-œ ˙UXÙ J⁄ A•d-œ ˙UX C’ ˘RÙe-œm. Ui Nh-•-´˙X A˚Wl-T-• Gi-˘Qn Æ”-YÙe-L. —i-”-Æ-Wp A[‹ Es[ ’¶j-ß-¨-Ls C⁄d-œm. ß -Ls Gp-XÙ-X˙U ß˚Wf-∫- X- Vl TÙoj-’ C⁄d-œm. Gi- Qnæok-R-’u]Ù ·j-’ SPj-’-\-Y˙W Æh-” Æ”-YÙ-⁄. AY-⁄ LÙ¤d-œd ∏r Í˚X-
´p J⁄ TÙ˚]- p ◊u- ]d-LÙn Gi- Q-Ÿm, Cu- ]Ù-⁄ TÙ˚]- p Lsfim
C⁄d-œm. Gi-˘Qn æWj æW Fo-LÙ-WeL ®Wl© Æ”-YÙe-L.
103
CkR Æ[d-œX ®˚\V ATÙ-Vm C⁄d-œ. CWÙU CWÙ-YQ Ÿj-Rm „o-T-]˚L
Ÿj-Rm, A‡-UÙu Ÿj-Rm Gp-XÙm SPd-°-\l˙TÙ TÙQm Æ”-\l˙TÙ TÙQm
Æ[d-œX Th-” „PÙ] Gi-˘Qn ·j-’ SPj-’-\-Y-⁄ ˙UX Th-•-⁄d-œ. ߨ
LWi-” (J¸ı œ˚\k-’) Yo\ NU-Vj-’X NÙU-Qm Yf-— ߨ-Vj Ái-• Æ”-YÙ-⁄.
Gi-˘Q-Ÿm ®Wl-©-Æ-”-YÙo. AlT J⁄ TdLÙ Gi-˘Qn 1 AQÙ RÙ˙]. J⁄
SÙs ·j-’d-œ 2 AQÙ Gi- Qn Y˚W Bœm. Gi- Qn Fod-LÙ-We-L-RÙ˙]
AlT Rk-RÙe-L. CkR Gi-˘Qn ˘Y∞f-Nj-’˙X ß˚W-´X ˙RÙp-TÙ-˚Y-Ls
GpXÙm Sp-XÙj R¨-Ÿm. ClT Gu] RÙu 100 500 YÙh-” Tp◊ TÙh-PÙ-¤m-
AkRl ◊u-˘]e-LÙn Gi-˘Qn Y∞f-Nj-’dœ YWÙ-’. TÙod-°-\-Ye-L-fid-œm
Li‘ œfi-˚UVÙ C⁄d-œm. ·j-’ SPj-’\ CPj-’X ·P ·j-’ SPj-’-\-Y-
⁄d-œ, ˘YdL ˘R¨-VÙ-’. ClT CkR Tp◊ ˘Y∞f-Nj-’X C⁄dL ÿ•-Vp-X. A’-
]Ù-X-RÙu ·j-’ SPj-’\ CPj-’X ˘Yflm ˙Yh-•V Uh-”m RÙfl-TÙnf-£-°h-”
Jd-LÙk-ß-⁄d- LÙm. Gi- Qn Æ[d-œ C⁄d-Lf-£- X˙V £X- T-⁄ Th- WÙ-UÙdv
Æ[d-Ll TVu-T-”jß]Ùe-L. A’-‹m LWi-” Æ[d-œ UÙß-¨-RÙu. Yd-˚L-Ÿm
˘Y∞f-N-ÿm T¨V Æj-ß-VÙ-Nm Ji-‘m Cp-X. ClT £X- T-⁄ Th- WÙ-UÙdv
Æ[d-œ Yf-—d-°-\Ùe-L.
·j-’ SPj-’\ CPj-’X Es[ Æ[d-œ RÆW ˙Yfl Æ[d-œ Ei-PÙ?
Ei-” J⁄ A¨d-Lu Æ[d-œ •d-Lh œ”d-°\ CPj-’X Yf-£-⁄l-˙TÙm. ·j-’
SPd-œ\ CPj-’-˙X-Ÿm Æ[d-œ C⁄d-œm. ·j-’ SPj-’\ AWe-œd-œ Y∞˙V
LP˚X ÆVÙ-TÙ-Wm Ti-‘-\-YeL Æ[d-œ Yf-£-⁄l-TÙe-L. WÙj-ߨ ·j-’ ÿ•g-
N-’m A¨d-Lu Æ[dL Æ•Ÿ Uh-”m G¨V Yf-£-⁄l-˙TÙm.
Ak-Rd-LÙ-Xj-’X J⁄ CPj-’X ·j-’l TÙ”-\-’d-œ Gl-T-• Æ[m-T-Wl-T-”j-ß-…e-L?
FoX ·j-’ SPj-’-°\ CPjR ˙Lh-°-\l˙TÙ K˚X Lh-”-\l˙TÙ Fod-LÙ-We-L-
fid-œj ˘R¨g-— ˙TÙœm. TÙ˚Yd-·j’ SPd-œ-\-’u-‡ ·j-’ BWm-©d-°\
ÿRp SÙfiX NÙVe-LÙ-Xm J⁄ ˚TVu CWÙ-Uo TPj-˚R˙VÙ ˙Yfl HRÙ-Y-’
TPj-˚R˙VÙ ©•f-—d-°h-”j ˘R⁄-Y-Ø˙V ˙TÙYÙu. AYu ©u-]ÙX Ri-•WÙ
A•f-—d-°h-” J⁄-Yu Cu-≤d-œ CWÙ-Uu ©\l-◊u˙]Ù YÙ≠ Y˚Ru˙]Ù
L˚R-Vf ˘NÙp-≠-°h-” ˙TÙYÙu. GpXÙ ˘R⁄d-L-∞-˙X-Ÿm ˘Nu\ ©\-œ ·j-’
SPj-’\ CPj-’d-œ Y⁄-YÙe-L. Ae˙L Yk-’ Ri-•-˙WÙ-˚Y ·j-’ BWm-©d-°-
\-’-Y˚W Rh-•-°h-” C⁄l-TÙe-L. AkR Rh-•l-T-Pj-˚Rd ·j-’ SPj-’\ CPj-
’dœ ÿu-]ÙX ˘RÙe-L-Æh-•-⁄-YÙe-L. £X-˙T-⁄ Ri-”-WÙ-‹-Pu RL-Wd œZÙV
Yf— SPd-°\ LR-Vf ˘NÙp-≠d-°h-”l ˙TÙYÙe-L.
ClT Gl-T-• Æ[m-T-Wl-T-”j-’-»e-L?
Cl˙TÙ Al-T-• Æ[m-T-Wl-T-”j-’-\-ßpX. NÙVe-LÙ-Xm 6 U¶d-œ ·j-’l T”-
RÙ‹X 60 YÙph Tp◊ Ji-Ql-˙TÙ”-˙YÙm. v¿-dLo TÙh-”-”-˙YÙm. GpXÙm
104
£≤-UÙl-TÙh-”-RÙu. LÙNh Yf-£-⁄d- LÙm. ˙Pl- d-LÙo-Po C⁄d-œ. ˚Ud-œX ·j-’
SPj-’-\R ˘NÙp-≠-°h˙P C⁄l-˙TÙm.
˙RÙp-TÙ-˚Yd ·j-’ TPe-L˚[ Ak-Rd LÙXj-’X Gl-T-•j RVÙ-¨f-∫eL?
Bh-”j-˙RÙ-¤-X-RÙu TPj-Rj RVÙ-¨d-°-˙\Ùm. Bh-”j-˙RÙX NÙRÙ-WQ Ri-Ω-
⁄X F\-˚Yl-˙TÙm. 2, 3 SÙs F±-]-’m ˙RÙ¤X Es[ ÿ•-L˚[ ÿ›-’m
G”j-ß-⁄- YÙm. RÙ¤ ’¶ UÙߨ B -”m. AkRj RÙX SpX٠ƨf-— Pm-
TWÙ R˚W-´X Yf-— B¶ A•f-£-⁄-˙YÙm. Al˙TÙ ˙RÙ¤ LNe-LÙ-’.
2 ˛ 3 SÙfiX LÙg-—-˙TÙ-œm. ˘Pm-TWÙ ®d-œm. A’d-œ-˙UX L¨j ’i-PÙX
Y˚W-T-Pm Y˚Wg-—d-œ-˙YÙm. A’d-œl ˘TÙ\-œ ®\m ˘LÙ”l-˙TÙm. Lfll◊
®\jR A¨d-Lu ˙Xml Æ[d-œd-œ ˙UX Es[ L¨l-˘TÙ-•-´X ˙Yl-Tm T˚N-
˚V-Ÿm Ri-Ω-˚W-Ÿm Æh-” Sp-Xl ©˚Nk-’ RVÙ-¨f-—°”-˙YÙm. Ut\ ®\e-
L˚[d L˚P- X YÙe-°d-°-”- YÙm. GpXÙ ®\e-L- [-Ÿm R≤j-R-≤VÙ £Wh˚P-
´X Yf-Nd LXd-œ- YÙm. Al-TÙd-LÙ-Xj-’˙X C⁄k-’ K˚Xf NÙVj˚R YÙe°l
TVu-T-”j-’-]RÙ OÙT-Lm. Lfll◊ ®\e-L-[d ·P ClT ˘Y∞-´X YÙe-°d-°-”-
˙YÙm. ˙RÙp-T-Pe-Ls[ Ri-Ωo TPÙU C⁄kRÙ 100 Y⁄-`e-L-fid-œ ˙U˙X
˙TÙœm. U˚Zf-N-U-Vj-’X TPe-Ls ß˚Wf-∫-˚X-´X Th” ®\m ˙TÙ\-’d-œ
YÙnl◊ Ei-”. Ak-Rd-LÙ-Xj-’X TPe-L[ ˚Yd-°-\-’d-œu-‡ K˚Xl-˘Th-•
Ei-”. ø[-UÙ] ˘Th• GpXÙl TPe-L-fim Ak-Rl ˘Th•-´-X-RÙu C⁄d-œm.
Cl˙TÙ UWl ˘Th•-´X TPe-L˚[ ˚Yd-°-˙\Ùm.
ClT ◊’NÙ ˙RÙ¤X TPm Y˚W-´-»e-L-[Ù? Gl-T-•?
ClT VÙ⁄ ˙RÙ¤X TPm Y˚W-Ÿ-\Ù. T˚ZV TPe-L-˚[j-RÙu Gp-˙XÙ-⁄m Yf-
—d-°-\Ùe-L. ◊’NÙ ˙Y‘m-™u]Ù Ah-˚P-´X RVÙ-¨d-°-\Ùe-L. Ak-Rd LÙXj-
’X LÙÆpX B” Yh-”]Ù RÙ¤ °˚Pd-œm. Fod-LÙ-WeL B”- Yh-”]Ù
˙RÙX C]Ù-UÙj R⁄-YÙe-L. GeL L≠-VÙ-QeL∞-˙X-Ÿm B” ˘Yh”-˙YÙm.
˙RÙ¤ °˚Pd-œm. ClT GeL L≠-VÙ-Qe-Ls[ ˘Yh-Pl-ThP Bh-˚P˙V
Æ˚Xd-œl TÙh-”- \Ùm. A˙RÙP Bh-”j- RÙ˚X YÙe-œ-\-’d-œu-‡ H_uh
C⁄d-LÙe-L. AYe-L-fid-œj-RÙu LNÙl-◊d-L-˚P-´X ˙RÙXd ˘LÙ”d-°-\Ùe-L.
10˛ 13 Y⁄-`e-L-fid-œ ÿu-]ÙX ˙RÙ¤-L˚[ H_uh YÙe° ˘Y∞-SÙh-”dœ
A‡lT BWm-©fN TÙ\-œ RÙ¤- YX H±l- TÙf-—. RÙ¤ ÆVÙ-TÙ-Wm R≤VÙ
˘T⁄L BWm-©fN TÙ\-œ SÙeL Ah- P- X Y˚WV BWm-©f-£h- PÙm. B]Ù
Ah- Pl TPm Gj-ß≤ SÙ˚[d-œl TÙœm. SÙ¤ Ag-— SÙs L˚R SPj-RXÙm.
Aq-Y-[-‹-RÙu. Ck-Rj RÙ¤-L-fis[ ·P ¡h RÙ˚X˙VÙ (El◊ YfN RÙp)
E˚WfN RÙd-L- W˙VÙ (B-LÙR RÙp) SÙeL G”d-°-\-ßp-X. A’X TPm Y˚WgNÙ
N¨-VÙ-°d-°-PÙ-’.
105
J⁄ œ›-Æ-Pm Ej-˙R-N-UÙL Gj-R˚] TPe-Ls C⁄d-œm?
Al-T-•d LQd-œ Cp-˚X. AYeL Gj-R˚] L˚R SPj-’-\Ùe-L˙[Ù A˚Rl
˘TÙflj-’l TPe-Ls C⁄d-œm. CWÙ-UÙ-V-Qd L˚R˚V Gp- XÙ-⁄m SPj-’-\-RÙX
CWÙ-UÙ-V-Ql TPe-Ls Gp-XÙ˙U C⁄d-œm. Cu-‡m A¨f-Nk-ß-Wu L˚R, U´p-
WÙ-Y-Qu L˚R, Uf-N-Yp-X-Tu ˙TÙod L˚R-L-fim Sp-X-ReLÙ L˚R-˚VŸm
˘TÙ’YÙ Gp-˙XÙ-⁄m SPj-’-\Ùe-L. ARt-œs[ TPe-L-˘[p-XÙm C⁄d-œm.
U’˚W Td-Lm £X ˙T⁄ ˙LÙÆ-Xu N¨j-ß-Wm SPj-’-\Ù-e-L. Ck-Rl Td-Lm (œ-U¨
UÙYh-Pm) TW-U-£-Ym OÙ]-˘N¸k-ߨ L˚R˚V SPj-’-\Ùu. £X-˙T⁄ An-Vl-T-
NÙ™ L˚RV SPj-’-\ÙeL. Cl-T-• VÙ⁄ VÙ⁄ Gu] UÙߨ L˚R SPj-’-\Ùe-
L˙[Ù AkR UÙß-¨-VÙ] TPe-Ls C⁄d-œm. Ck-Rl TPe-Ls[ ÿd-LÙp Te-œ
˙RÙ¤ TPe-L, ¡ß RÙfiX CWÙ-UÙ-V-Qd L˚Rl-T-Pm ˘T⁄m-TÙ-¤m ˙RÙ¤-X-
RÙu C⁄d-œm. UjR L˚R-Ls[ Ah-˚Pl-T-Pm ·”-RXÙ C⁄d-œm. A˘Rp-XÙm
◊’NÙ Yk-R-’ TÙ⁄e-L. RUÙ-— LÙh-£l-T-Pe-L-[j ˙RÙ¤X Y˚Wg-—-°-˙\Ùm. A’
Ls-[Ùm A•d-L-• A•-T-”m. Ah-Pl TPm]Ù N¨l-Th-”d-°-PÙ-’ TÙ⁄e-L.
˙RÙp-TÙ-˚Yl TPe-L˚[ øeL Gl-T-• Ußd-°-»e-L?
˘WmT U¨-VÙ-˚RVÙ Yf-—d-°-˙\Ùm. Ak-Rd LÙXjR UÙߨ Cp-˚X˙V ClT
GpXÙm. ·j-’ SPj-’-\R Æh-”h-PÙe-Lu]Ù TPe-L˚[ A”jR œ”m-Tj-’dœ
Æ˚Xd-œd LÙ”l-TÙe-L. Ap-X-’ Bj-’X G±g-£-P-‘m. G¨dL Uh”m ·PÙ-’.
˘T⁄m-TÙ-¤m CX-Y-N-UÙj-RÙu LÙ”l-TÙe-L. £X œ”m-TeL TPj˚R Æ˚Xdœd
˘LÙ”j-ß-⁄d-œ. J˙W œ”m-Tj-’d-œs-[ÙX ˘LÙ”d-°-\-’ Sp-X-’. A”jR œ”m-
Tj-’X ˘LÙ”jRÙ A’ ˙UÙNUÙ´-⁄m. SmU TPe-L[ ®fljß Yf— AYeL
TPe-L-[ÙX A•d-°\ UÙߨ LÙh-• Sm-U-[d ˙LY-Xl T”j-’-YÙ-‡-L. J⁄j-R-⁄
˘TÙmUVf ˘Nn-’ AY-⁄ ˙TWf ˘NÙp≠ A•d-°\ UÙß-¨-RÙu A’. AR-]ÙX
TPe-L-[d ·•-V-’m Bj-’-X-RÙu Æ”-\Ùe-L.
J˙W TPj˚R GpXÙ L˚R-L-fid-œm TVu-T-”j-’-»e-L-[Ù?
GpXÙl TPe-L-˚[-Ÿm Al-T-•l TVu-T-”j-’-\-ßp-˚X. CWÙ-Uu, Xh-—-U-Qu,
∫˚R TPe-L˚[ Al-T-• ˙Y\ L˚R-L-fid-œl TVu-T-”j-’-\-ßp-X. RN-W-Ru
TPj˚R Sp-X-Re-LÙ-∞u Ai-Qu LÙ£-WÙ-_-‡d-œm, AXe-LÙ¨ TPj˚R ∫˚R-
´u CXe-˚Lj ˙RÙØ-L-fid-œm Nk-ß-W-Uß TPj˚R SpXRe-LÙ-fid-œm TVu
-T-”j-’-˙\Ùm. CWÙ-Uu TPj˚R ˙Yfl L˚R-L-fid-œl TVu-T-”j-ß]Ù °Øg-—
˙TÙœm-‡ Sm-©d˚L C⁄dœ.
˙RÙp-TÙ-˚Yd ·j-’X ˘TÙ’YÙ GkR UÙß-¨ L˚R-L˚[ SPj-’-»e-L?
GeL AlTÙ RÙjRÙ LÙXj-’X C⁄k-’ CWÙ-UÙ-V-Qm Nm-Tk-R-UÙ] L˚R-L-[j-
RÙu SPj-ß-°h-” YÙ˙\Ùm. ClT J⁄ LR-Vf NÙp-≠˙VÙ G›-ßj Rk˙RÙ SPjRf
˘NÙu-]Ù-¤m SPj-’-˙\Ùm.
106
CWÙ-UÙ-V-Qd L˚R˚V Gj-R˚] SÙs SPj-’-»e-L?
C’d-œu-‡ SÙs LQd-°p-X. TÙ’YÙ CWÙ-UÙ-V-Qd L˚RV 10 Tœ-ß-L-[Ùl ©¨f-
£h-” SPj-’-˙\Ùm.
ÿRp Tœ-ß- p CWÙ-Uu ©\l- T-Ÿm, RÙP˚L Y˚R- V-Ÿm SPj-’- YÙm. CWi-
PÙm Tœ-ß-´p CWÙ-Uu Æp-˘XÙ•l-◊m ∫RÙ L≠-VÙ-Q-ÿm SPd-œm. Íu-\Ùm
Tœ-ß-´p CWÙ-Uo Y]m Np\ ®Lrf-£-L-˚[d LÙh-”-˙YÙm. SÙXÙm Tœß „ol-
T-]˚L Ÿj-Rm. C’X LÙg-Nm S˚Lf-—˚Y LÙh-£˚V Aß-LUÙ Noj-’d LÙh”
-˙YÙm. Ik-RÙm Tœß ∫˚R-˚Vf £˚\ G”j-Rp. B\Ùm Tœß YÙ≠ —d-√-Yu
Ÿj-Rm C’X RUÙx LÙh-£-Ls Aß-Lm Y⁄m. HZÙm Tœ-ß-´p A˙NÙ-L-Y]
Ÿj-R-ÿm, CXe˚L RL-]-ÿm Y⁄m. C’ —k-RW LÙi-Pd LÙh-£-RÙu. £X NU-Vm
CR ˘Wi-” SÙ[Ùj ˘RÙPok-’ ·Pl ˙TÙ”-˙YÙm. Gh-PÙm Tœß ß⁄-Y˚Q
Lh-Pp, C˚R CWÙ-Y-Qu ÿRpSÙs ˙TÙou-‡ Æ[m-T-Wl-T-”j-’-˙YÙm. Ju-
TRÙm Tœß œm-T-Lo-Qu Ÿj-Rm. C’ SPkR A”jR SÙs U´p WÙY-Qu
L˚RŸm ARt-L-”jR SÙs Uf-N-Yp-X-Yu TÙo L˚R-Ÿm SPd-œm. C’ CWi-”
Í‘ SÙ[ÙL SPd-œm. L˚P£ SÙfiX Th-PÙ-©- -Lm. C’X CWÙ-Y-Qu ŸjRm
˘RÙPe° ÿ•V Th-PÙ-©- -Lm SPd-œm. C’d-œl ©\-œ £X F⁄-Ls[ A—-Y-
˙U-R-VÙ-Lm L˚R-Ÿm SPd-œm.
CWÙ-UÙ-V-Qm Tj-’ SÙs L˚R-Ÿm Ut\ Í‘ L˚R-L-˚[-Ÿm BL 13 L˚R-L-˚[-
Ÿm RÙjRÙ LÙXj-’X C⁄k-’ SPj-’-˙\Ùm. GeL AlTÙ LÙTÙ-X-WÙq LÙXj-’-X-
RÙu A¨f-Nk-ß-Wu L˚R-Ÿm Sp-XRe-LÙs L˚R-Ÿm SPjR BWm-©f-NÙe-L. CkR
CWi-” L˚R-L-˚[-Ÿm SPjR BWm-©f-— ·•l-˙TÙ]Ù 70 ˛ 80 Y⁄-`m C⁄d-
L-XÙm.
A¨f-Nk-ß-Wu L˚R-Ÿm, Sp-X-Re-LÙs L˚R-Ÿm Ak-Rd LÙXj-’X SÙP-Le-L[Ù S•f-
£h-” C⁄k-RÙe-L-˙[.
BUÙ. GeL AlTÙ LÙTÙ-X-WÙ-‹d-œ SÙP-LdLÙWe-L-˙[ÙP RÙPo◊ Ei-”. Áj-
’d-œ-•-´X L˚R SPj-’-\l˙TÙ AlT SÙP-Ld-LÙ-We-L-˙[ÙP ˙T£-°h-” C⁄l-
T˚Rl TÙoj-ß-⁄d- Lu. Sp-X-Re-LÙs L˚R˚V GeL Al-TÙ˙YÙ T -Vl-TÙ˙YÙ
£j-Rl-TÙ˙YÙ VÙ˙WÙ J⁄ Bfi SÙP-Lj-Rl TÙj-’ SPjß´⁄d-L-‘m-‡ ®˚]d-
°-˙\u.
Sp-X-Re-LÙs ·j-’X Yo\ TÙh-”, SÙP-Lj-’X Es-[-RÙ?
Cp-˚X. GeL Al-TÙ˙YÙ T¨-Vl-TÙ˙YÙ VÙ˙WÙ J⁄ Bfi Lh-•-´-⁄d-L-‘m.
Gl-T-• A˘Rp-XÙm Yk-R-’u-‡ ClT ˘NÙpX ÿ•-Vp-X.
˘TÙ’YÙ L˚R SPj-’-\l˙TÙ CWÙ-UÙ-V-Qm ÿ›-˚R-Ÿm J˙W-V-•VÙ SPj-’-»e-
L[Ù? Æh-” Æh-” SPj-’-»e-L-[Ù?
107
J⁄ SÙs Æh-” J⁄ SÙs SPj-’- YÙm. SpX Re-LÙs L˚RV CWi-” RP˚Y·PSPj-’- \Ùm. A’d-œ SpX ·h-Pm N⁄m. Y„-¤m SpXÙ C⁄d-œm. 2 U¶˙SWm
˘RÙPok-’ Gl-T-•f Nj-Rm˙TÙP ÿ•-Ÿm? AR-]ÙX Æh-”-Æh-” SPj-’- \Ùm.
L˚R-L˚[ UW◊ YØVÙ Lh-”- Lh-” SPj-’-»e-L-[Ù? CpX C’d-œu-‡ VÙWÙ-Y-’
G›ß Yf-£-⁄d-LÙe-L-[Ù?
VÙ⁄ G›ß Yf-—d-°-\Ùe-L? SÙeL GeL T•l-˙TÙm? GeL NÙß-´X ÿRpX
T•f-NYu TW-U-£-Ym Rm-©-RÙu ©. -H. T•f-NÙu. TW-U-£-Ym Gv.- Gv. -Gp .£.Y˚W
T•f-NÙu.
RÙjRÙ AlTÙ LÙXj-’X ˙T—-\R TÙ”-\-Rd ˙Lh-”d ˙Lh-” Yo-\-’-RÙu 70 Y⁄-
`m ÿu◊ AlTÙ ·P TÙP BWm-©f-˙Nu. G]d-œ (—l-˚TVÙ WÙq) Al˙TÙ
12 YV-’ C⁄d-œm. Al-T˙Y ®˚\V U]l-TÙ-Pm An-VÙ˙Y ˘NÙp-≠-´-⁄d-LÙ.
RÙjRÙ °⁄x-Q-WÙq L˚R SPj-’-\R Lh-” Yk-R-’-RÙu-‡ Al-TÙ-‹d-œj ß\˚U
C⁄k-R-RÙX AY˙W ◊’-—-◊-’NÙ ˙Noj-’f ˘NÙu-]Ù-⁄.
˘TÙ’YÙ RUÙx LÙh-£-L˚[ Gl-T-• SPj-’-»e-L. RUÙx LÙh-£-L-fid-œu-‡ ·j-’
SPj-’-\-’ Ei-PÙ?
RUÙx LÙh-£-L-fid-œu-‡ ·j-’ SPj-’-\-’ Cp-X. L˚R SPj-’-\l˙TÙ C˚P-
´X RUÙx LÙh-£-L-˚[l ˙TÙ”-˙YÙm. A’ L˚R-˙VÙP ˙Nok-’m Y⁄m.
„ol-T-]˚L Ÿj-Rm, YÙ≠-Y-˚R, A˙NÙLY]d LÙh-£-Ls[ ˘LÙg-Nm ·”-RXÙ
RUÙx LÙh-”-˙YÙm. CWÙ-Uo UÙ]j R•l TÙ\l-˙TÙ, „ol-T-]˚L Íd-œ Afl-
T-”-\l- TÙ, Sp-X-Re-LÙs LÙ£ SÙh-”d-œ TÙ\l- TÙ, ß⁄-Po-L- [f Nk-ßd-°-\l˙TÙ,
Sp-X-Rm© WÙ_u Yh- Pd-œl TÙ\l˙TÙ Cl-T-•-VÙ] LÙh-£-Ls[ RUÙ-— LÙhP
YN-ß-VÙ- -⁄d-œm.
CkR RUÙ-— LÙh-£-L˚[ F⁄d-œ F⁄ Æj-ß-VÙ-N-UÙ-Ld LÙh-”-˙YÙm. ˙LÙÆp-
Th-• U¶-VÙf£ Td-Le-Ls[ Es[ Up-≠l-Th-•, œ±g-NÙu Th-•, Ad-L-SÙn-
Lu-Th-•, U˚X-Vl-Th-• ˙TÙu\ °WÙ-Ue-Ls[ Bh-”f-Ni˚P RUÙ-— SPj-’-
˙YÙm. C’d-œd LÙW-Qm C⁄d-œ. ˘Wi” B”L Ni˚P ˙TÙ”m.
RUÙx LÙh-£-L˚[ Gl-T-• _Ù•d-°-»e-L? A’ RÙjRÙ AlTÙ LÙXj-’X C⁄k-’Yo-\-RÙ? ◊’NÙ ˙_Ù•d-°-»e-L-[Ù?
˘TÙ’YÙ RUÙx LÙh-£-L-fiX Yo-\-Ye-L[Ù Efi-Yj-R-˚X-Yu, Ef-£d-œ-”m-Tu,
L⁄l-TÙ-´, YLÙ-£, A™o-Rm Gp-XÙ-˚W-Ÿm NÙp-X-XÙm. CkR A™o-Rm Ef-£d-
œ-”m-T-≤u U˚]-Æ. Efi-Yj R˚X-Y-‡m, Ef-£d œ”m-T-‡m Ai-Qu Rm©
UÙß-¨, Si-To-Ls UÙß-¨. CYeL L˚R-˙VÙP L˚R-VÙ-‹m Y⁄-YÙe-L. R≤-VÙ-L-
‹m Y⁄-YÙe-L. Efi-Yj-R-˚X-Yu Sp-X-Rm© WÙ_-≤u ˙Y˚Xd LÙW-]Ùh-”m
Y⁄-YÙu.
108
CWÙ-YQ Ro-TÙo ˙Y˚XdLÙW-]Ù-Lh-”m Y⁄-Yu. R≤d LÙh-£-Ls-˙[-Ÿm Y⁄-
YÙu. CYeL R≤-VÙ-Yk-’ L˚R ˘NÙp-¤-YÙe-L. Æ”-L˚R ˘NÙp-¤-YÙe-L, TÙ”-
YÙe-L, LW-LÙh-Pm SPj-’-YÙe-L. CWÙ-Uo Lp-VÙ-Qj-’d-œd LW-LÙh-Pm SPd-œm.
£X Fo-Ls[ £X T⁄ ·j-’l-T-”-RÙY ød-°d-°h-” Ls-[j-R-]UÙ ·j-’ TÙodL
Y⁄-YÙe-L. £X ˙T⁄ ˘Np-XÙR SÙQ-Vj-˚Rd ˘LÙ”j-ßh-” Yk-’ TÙodL Y⁄-
YÙe-L.
Es-o-LÙ-We-L-[Ù] CYe-L[ SÙ˙PÙ•L[Ù] SÙeL Gu] ˘NnV ÿ•-Ÿm?
Efi-Yu YÙVÙX Ef-£j-R-˚X-Y-Vu YÙVÙX H—\ UÙߨ H—-˙YÙm.
ARj RUÙ-NÙd LÙh-”-˙YÙm. RUÙ-—X T—\ œWp, TÙm-˚U, Bh-”\ ÆRm Gp-
XÙm ˘WmT ÿd-°-Vm. Efi-Yj-R-˚X-Vu ˛ Ef-£d-œ-”m-Tu Nm-TÙ-`-˚]-´X
Ef£d œ”m-T-‡d-œ ˘WmT ÿd-°-Vm AY-‡d-œ SÙdœ ß⁄k-RÙR œWp. AR-
]ÙX Ak-Rd LÙh£ SpXÙ G”-T-”m.
˙RÙp-TÙ-˚Yd ·j-’ £fl-Yo-L-fid-LÙ] L˚Xu-‡ ˘NÙp-\Ùe-L˙[ N¨RÙ]Ù?
Cp-˚X. Cl-T-RÙu £fl-Yo-L-fid-LÙ] L˚XVÙ UÙ±-´-⁄d-œ. £≤UÙ Yo-\-’dœ
ÿu-]ÙX G]d-œ 20 ˛ 25 YV-— C⁄d-œm. Al˙TÙ ˘T¨-V-Ye-L-RÙu Aß-LUÙ
TÙ˚Yd-·j-’ TÙodL Y⁄-YÙe-L. Fod-LÙ-We-L˙[ CWÙ-UÙ-V-Qd-L-˚RV ÿ›-’m
SPj-R-‘mu-‡ ˙Lh-TÙe-L. AlT CkR UÙߨ ®˚\-Vj RUÙx °˚P-VÙ-’.
EfiYj R˚X-Y-‡m Ef-£d-œ-”m-T-‡m Ei”. AYeL RUÙ-—m L˚RV Jh-•-
RÙu ˙TÙœm.
Cl˙TÙ L˚R TÙß RUÙx TÙß B´h”˙R. A˙NÙ-L-Y-]d LÙh-£-´X A‡-Uu
°hP Efi-Yu RUÙx Ti\ LÙh£ øi-”-°h˙P ˙TÙœ-˙R. Al˙TÙ JNkR
NÙßd-LÙ-We-L-fim ·j-’ TÙodL Y⁄-YÙe-L.
ClT UÙߨ LÙf˚N RUÙ˙NÙ LÙf˚N YÙoj-˚R˙VÙ T—-\-ßp-X. FWd-Li-”
A’ Al˙TÙ L˚R Sp-XÙ˙Y SPd-œm L˚Rd-œ ÿd-°-Vm. C˚P-´X L˚R-Vd
œ˚\f-NÙ˙X Fod-LÙ-WeL ÆP-UÙh-PÙeL. Ak-Rd LÙX-˘Up-XÙm ˙TÙ´ L˚R
˙TÙ´ R≤ RUÙ-NÙ´ £u-]l-©s-˚[-L-˚[j ß⁄l-ß-T-”j-’\ UÙߨ B´h-P-’
Gp-XÙm LÙX-˙RÙ-`m.
N¨. Ck-Rd L˚X-´u Gßo-LÙ-Xm Gl-T-• C⁄d-œm.
ÿRp-X˙V CRj-RÙu SÙu ˘NÙu-˙]u. AØg-— ˙TÙœm-‡. Ut\ L˚X-L-˘[p-
XÙm AØg-— ˙TÙ\-’d-œs[ LÙW-Qm-RÙu C’d-œm.
(L- X-UÙ-U¶ TW-U-£-Y-WÙq, CWÙ-Uf-Nk-ßW WÙq, ß⁄-U-XÙ-◊-Wm ÿj-’-Nk-ß-Wu B°-
˙VÙ-⁄-Pu SPj-ßV ˙Th-•-´u œfl-°V Y•-Ym).
˙Th•:TW-U-£YWÙ‹Pu
˛˙TWÙ. A. LÙ. ˘T⁄-UÙs
109
@ Cl-TÙ-Pl-T-œ-ß- u ER-Æ-Ÿ-Pu RÙt-TÙ- Yd ·j’ œ±j-’f NÙt- TÙ-Ø‹
RVÙo ˘Nn-L.
@ J -XÙh-Pm
l Bi-Ls Uh-”m BPd-·-•-V-’
l Bi-L-∞u Lm-¿-Wj˚R EQoj-’-Y-’
l 10 ÿRp 12 ˙To Y˚W Gß-˘W-ß˙WÙ ˙So ß˚N-´˙XÙ ®u-fl B”-Y-’
l CWÙ-UÙ-V-Qd L˚R, ÿ⁄-Lu L˚R-Ls BPl-T-”-°u\].
l Cd-L˚X Cu-fl S≠-Y-˚Pk-’ Y⁄-°-\-’
˛ Cd-œ-±l-◊-L-˚[l TVu-T-”jß Cu-fl AØk-’ Y⁄m SÙh-PÙo L˚X-L˚[
˙UmT”j-’-Y-Rt-LÙ] YØ-ÿ-˚\-L˚[ G”j-’-˚Wj-’d L˚X-˙Um-TÙh-”j
’˚\dœ J⁄ L•-Rm Y˚W-L.
@ SÙh-”l-◊\ Ud-L-∞u LXÙf-NÙ-Wj-˚Rl ©WßT≠d-œm ©\ L˚X Y•-Ye-Ls
œ±j’d LXk-’-˚W-VÙ-”-L.
˘NVpTÙ”Ls
110
J⁄-SÙs TÙm◊ ©•d-°-\-Yu Ge-Ls F⁄d-œ Yk-RÙu.
˘T¨-V-Yo-Ls Gp-˙XÙ-⁄m AY-˚]f —t-±d-˘LÙi-” ®tL
SÙe-Ls AYo-L-fid-œ ÿu-]Ùp ˙TÙn ®u-˙\Ùm. AYu
˙RÙ∞p J⁄ NÙd-˚Ll ˙TÙh-•-⁄k-RÙu. Aßp ÆR-Æ-R-
UÙL SÙu˚Lk’ TÙm-◊-Ls °PdL AYu A˚R G”j-’
Gp-˙XÙ-⁄d-œm LÙi-©j-RÙu. A˙RÙ-” C˘Rp-XÙm ÆN-
ÿs[ TÙm◊; AR Al-T-•l ◊•f- Nu, Cl-T-•l ◊•f- Nu
Gu-fl ≈Wj-˙RÙ-” ˘NÙp≠ ˘LÙi-•-⁄dL AkRl TÙm˚T
TÙoj-’ Gp-˙XÙ-⁄m TVk-’ K•-]Ùo-Ls.
Ge-Ls £j-RlTÙ AY-≤-Pm, ø TÙm◊ ◊•f-N-’X
˘WÙmT Lh-•d-LÙ-Wk- Ru, SÙeL Jj-’d-°-”- RÙm; ÿRpX
TÙmT NÙd-œd-œs[ ˙TÙ”; Gp-˙XÙ-⁄m TVl-T-”-RÙ-LpX
Gu-\Ùo. AY-‡m TÙm˚T NÙd-œd-œs ˙TÙh-”d ˘LÙi-
PÙu. ©\-œ VÙo VÙo ≈h-•p, TPl-©p TÙm◊ C⁄d-°-\-’
Gu-flm AYu Ak-Rl TÙm˚Tl ©•j-’-Æh-PÙp Gq-Y-
[‹ RÙ≤-Vm ˘LÙ”l-T-’ Gu-flm ˙T£d-˘LÙi-PÙo-Ls.
G]d-œm Rm-©d-œm AYu Gl-T-•l TÙm◊ ©•d-
°-\Ùu Gu-T-˚Rl TÙodL B˚N-VÙn C⁄k-R’. Gu Am-
UÙ-‹m TÙm◊ ©•dLd ·≠ Gq-Y-[‹ Gu-fl ˙Lh-”d
˘LÙi-•-⁄k-RÙs. EP˙] SÙu C˚[V Rm© Ro-U-≤-Pm,
SÙ‡m WÙ_Ù-‹m ≈h-”d-œs˙[ C⁄d- LÙm. AmUÙ TÙm◊
©•d°\Y] ·h-•h-” YkRÙ ø ÿu-]d ·• K•-VÙk-’ GeL
°hP NÙp-¤. SÙeL œ¤dL LP-‹d-œs[ J∞g£d-°h”
AYu Gl-T-• TÙm◊ ©•d-°-\Ùu-‡ TÙd-˙LÙm Gu-˙\u.
R⁄-U-‡m N¨ Gu-\Ùu. EP˙] SÙ‡m WÙ_Ù-‹m
≈h-•p ˙TÙn SpX ©s-˚[-L-[ÙL C⁄k-˙RÙm. ≈h-”d-œ
ÿu-]Ùp LÙX-•f Nj-Rm Ld-°-\- TÙ- Rp-XÙm Am-UÙ-RÙu
TÙm◊ ©•d-°-\-Y- ]Ù-” Yk-’ Æh-PÙ˙[Ù Gu-fl œ¤d˚L
LP-‹d-œs J∞Y’m ©\-œ HUÙt-\j- RÙ-” Y∞˙V Y⁄-
Y-’-UÙn C⁄k-˙RÙm. ˘WÙmT ˙SWm LØj-’ R⁄-Uu K•-
Yk-RÙu.
Gu-]PÙ Gu-fl ˙Lh-˙Pu. SmU ≈h-”X TÙm◊
©•d-L-˚X-VÙm; £u-]mUÙ ≈h-”-X-˙Ru TÙm◊ ©•d-Ll-
˙TÙ-\Ù-L-[Ùm; TÙm-TÙh-•V ·h-•d-°h-” Gp-XÙ-⁄m £u-
]mUÙ ≈h-”d-œl ˙TÙ\ÙL Gu-\Ùu. C˚Rd ˙Lh-P-’m
SÙ‡m Rm-©-Ÿm œfld-œ YØ-VÙLf £u-]mUÙ ≈h-•t-œ
TÙm◊ TÙm◊!!Æ˚]Y˚L YÙd°VeLs
YÙd°VeL∞p Æ˚]LsÿtfldL[ÙL˙YÙ GfNeL[ÙL˙YÙCPm˘Tflm.LiQu YkRÙu.˛ÿtflLiQu Yk’.˛GfNm
CqYÙfl Y⁄m ÿtfldL∞uGfNeL∞u A•lT˚P´pYÙd°VeL˚[ Íufl Y˚LVÙLl©¨dLXÙm. A˚YVÙY]1) EPuTÙh”/GßoU˚\ Æ]ÙYÙd°VeLs.2) ˘NnÆ˚]/˘NVlTÙh”Æ˚]YÙd°VeLs.3) RuÆ˚]/©\Æ˚] YÙd°VeLs.
EPuTÙh” Æ˚]/GßoU˚\ Æ˚]EPuTÙh” ®˚X´p Es[˚YEPuTÙh” Æ˚]YÙd°VeLs.Gßo U˚\´p Y⁄T˚Y GßoU˚\Æ˚] YÙd°VeLs.
LiQ˚] Gp˙XÙ⁄dœm ˘R¨Ÿm.˛ EPuTÙ”LiQ˚]j ˘R¨VÙRYoLsCp˚X.˛GßoU˚\Ceœ J⁄ L⁄j’ C⁄®˚XL∞p·\lTh”s[’.
˘NnÆ˚]/˘NVlTÙh” Æ˚]LiQu Su˘LÙ˚P A∞jRÙu ˛˘NnÆ˚].LiQ]Ùp Su˘LÙ˚PA∞dLlThP’.Su˘LÙ˚P LiQ]ÙpA∞dLlThP’.˘NVlTÙh”Æ˚]˘NnÆ˚] YÙd°VeLs G›YÙn˘NVlT” ˘TÙ⁄s TV≤˚X Gu\Y¨˚N´p A˚U-Ÿm˛˘NVlTÙh”Æ˚] YÙd°VeL∞p˘NVlT”˘TÙ⁄s G›YÙVÙL
A˚UŸm.
111
K•-˙]Ùm. £u-]mUÙ ≈h-•p RÙ≤-Vm ˙TÙ”-Y-Rt-LÙL
CWi-” U -Np-Ls C⁄k-R-]. A’ SÙ¤ Ik-’ Í˚P RÙ≤-
Vm ©•d-œm. LÙp-˚Xl-◊-\-UÙLf £u-]mUÙ ≈h-•t-œs
˙TÙn U -N-≠p H± Eh-LÙok-’ LÙi- PÙm. ≈” XNÙ]
C⁄h-PÙn C⁄k-R-’. Gl-˙TÙ-’m Al-T-•j-RÙu, ≈” Gu-
T-’ RÙ≤-Vm TÙ”-Y-Rt-œm Yl◊ NÙl-◊-L˚[l Tj-ß-Wl-
T-”j-’-Y-Rt-œm RÙ˙] RÆW U≤-Ro-L-fid-LÙL Cp-˚X.
TÙm-TÙh-•-Ÿm G]-’ £u-]m-UÙ-‹m YW AYo-L-
˚[f —t± J⁄ ·h-P˙U Yk-R-’. Ge-L˚[ VÙ⁄˙U TÙod-
L-Æp- X. TÙm-TÙh-• S” ≈h-•tœs Yk-’ ®u-fl- LÙi”
—t-±-¤m TÙoj-R-YÙ-fl YÙNm ©•j-RÙu. ©\œ £u-]m-UÙ-
Æ-Pm SÙfi-ThP Lh-”-Æ-⁄-Nu ≈h-”d-œs[ C⁄d-œ. SÙ‡
Fj-Rm LÙ”j-’l ◊•d-œm TÙ’ A’ ∫±d-°h-” Y⁄m.
Ee-L-[ÙX RÙd-œl-◊-•dL ÿ•-VÙ-’. AR-]ÙX Gp-XÙ-⁄m
˘Y∞V C⁄eL Gu-fl ˘NÙp-≠-Æh-PÙu.
Gu £u-]mUÙ TVkR œW-≠p TR-±-]Ùs. Bj-RÙ-
•˙VÙ! Cm-◊h-” SÙfim Lh-”-Æ-⁄-N-‡d-œs-[-˙Ru œ•
C⁄k-ß-⁄d- LÙm TÙ¤d- LÙ. T˚L-VÙ-∞d-œs-[-]Ùf-£-¤m
œ• C⁄k-’-W-XÙm. TÙm-◊dœs[ œ•- -⁄d-L-XÙUÙ? Gn-VÙ,
ø UY-WÙ-N]Ù C⁄l- T, ÿR AkR TÙmT ◊•, T\‹ ≈h-”d-
œs[ C⁄dL Èf£ TÙh-” Am-◊h-P-Ÿm Ji-‘ CpXÙU
As∞ Eu NÙd-œX TÙh-”h-” TÙ, SÙ‡ Li‘m L´j-R-
X-Ÿm Le-LPÙ TÙX-L-‡UÙ ≈” ®˚\V ◊s-˚[-L[ Yf-£-
⁄d- Lu. H’m Ji-‘ LPdL Ji-‘ B -⁄f-£u-]Ù...
Am-◊h-”j-˙Ru. SÙ‡ È™-´X C⁄k˙R ◊i-¶-V-™p-X...
N¨ N¨, ø⁄ ÆNÙ-Wl-T-PÙU Y∞˙V TÙ⁄m, SÙ‡
Am-◊h-” E—l-©-WÙ-¶-V-‹m ◊•f£ LÙi-” YÙ˙Wu Gu-fl
AYu ˘NÙp-X-‹m £u-]mUÙ ˘Y∞- V-±-]Ùs. TÙm-TÙh-•
LR˚Y A˚Pj-RÙu. Cl-˙TÙ-’ AY-‡d-œj ˘R¨-VÙ-Up
SÙe-L-fim Ge-Ls TÙo-˚Y-´p AY-‡-UÙL C⁄k-˙RÙm.
¡i-”m J⁄-ÿ˚\ —t-±-¤m TÙoj-’-Æh-” ¿•-˚Vl Tt-\-
˚Yj-RÙu. æd-œf£ Y∞f-Nm ≈h-•t-œs C⁄kR TÙ⁄s-
L˚[ A˚P-VÙ-[m LÙh-•-V-’. ©\-œ AYu Ru NÙd-œl
˚Td-œs C⁄kR CWi-” TÙm-◊-L˚[ G”j-’ ˘Y∞´p
Æh-PÙu. A˚Y Fok-’-˘LÙi-” Í˚X ˙R•l ˙TÙL
AYu B... F... Gu-fl Lj-ß-V-YÙfl AYt-˚\l ©•d-L,
SÙe-Ls AY-‡d-œ ™f-N-UÙn Lj-ß-˙]Ùm.
£u-]mUÙ TÙm-TÙh-• NÙd-œd-œs[ C⁄kR TÙmT
◊•f£ ≈h-”d-œs[ Æh-”h-PÙu...
RuÆ˚]/ ©\Æ˚]
J⁄ ˘NV˚Xj RÙ]ÙLf˘NnY’ RuÆ˚].
J⁄ ˘NV˚Xj RÙ]ÙLf˘NnVÙUp ©\˚Wd ˘LÙi”
˘NnV˚YlT’ ©\ Æ˚].
LiQu EiPÙu.AÿRÙ B•]Ùs.
˛RuÆ˚]
LiQu Ei©jRÙu.AÿRÙ BPf ˘NnRÙs.
˛©\Æ˚]
YÙd°V Efll◊LsNÙRÙWQUÙL J⁄ YÙd°VjßpG›YÙn˛TV≤˚X˛˘NVlT”˘TÙ⁄s G] Íufl Efll◊Ls
A˚UŸm.
G.”. LiQu ≈h˚Pjß\kRÙu Gu\ YÙd°Vjßp
LiQu˛ G›YÙnß\kRÙu˛ TV≤˚X
h˚P˛˘NVlT”˘TÙ⁄s
112
EP˙] LR-˚Yj ß\k-’ Gp-˙XÙ-⁄m
Es˙[ K• Yk-RÙo-Ls. SÙe-L-fim U¨N-≠-
≠⁄k’ C\e° ˘Y∞˙V Yk-˙RÙm.
TÙm-◊-Ls ≈h-”d-œs Fok-’ ˘LÙi-”
A˚XV CkRf Nj-Rj-ßp ®˚\V ·h-Pm ·•-
Æh-P-’. SÙe-Ls Gp- XÙ- -P-ÿm TÙm-TÙh-•- u
ß⁄h-”j-R-]j˚Rf NÙpX Bs Bfid-œ AY-
˚]l ©•j-’d ˘LÙi-PÙo-Ls. AY-]Ùp G’-
‹˙U NnV ÿ•-V-Æp- X. TWdLl TWdL ÆØj-
R-YÙ-fl ˙YodL Æfl-Æ-fldL ®u-fl ˘LÙi-•-⁄k-
RÙu.
G]-’ Am-UÙ-Æ-Pm £u-]mUÙ ˘NÙu-
]Ùs. Gd-LÙ, Em ◊s-[-L[ Li-‘X LÙeL
ÆPÙU A•f-—-˙V, A’L Gm-◊h-” ˘Lh-•d-LÙW
◊s-˚[-Lu-‡ ClT TÙj-ßVÙ? A’L Uh-”m
ClT Cm-◊h-”d L⁄jRÙ ≈h-”d-œs[ J∞g£d-
°h-” CYu L[Ù-¶j-R-]jR TÙd-LÙU C⁄kRÙ
F˘Wp-XÙ-™pX CYu TÙm◊ ◊•d-˙Lu-‡
HUÙjß J⁄ ÍP RÙ≤VjR As-∞h-”l TÙ -
⁄l-TÙu Gu-fl NÙu-]Ùs. Gp-XÙ-⁄m Gu Am-
UÙ-Æ-Pm BUÙ BUÙ Eu ©s-˚[L ˘Lh-•d-
LÙ-Wl-◊s-˚[-L, A’-L[ ø˙Ru ˙TÙh” A•f-
£d ˘LÙp-¤˙R Gu-fl ·h”f-˙Nok-’ ˘NÙpX
G]d-œm Rm-©d-œm Nk-˙RÙ-N-˘Uu-\Ùp NÙp≠
ÿ•-VÙ’.
˛TÙWR˙RÆ®XÙdLs ÁWÁWUÙn ˛ SÙYp
TÙWR˙RÆCYo Ru A‡TYj˚R SÙYXÙL Y•j’s[Ùo. R™Øp Es[ Ru YWXÙtfl SÙYpLfis
ÿd°VUÙ]’ CYo SÙYp. CYo °. WÙ_SÙWÙVQ≤u Ái”RXÙp G›j’Xœdœ
A±ÿLUÙ]Ùo. CYW’ ÿRp T˚Pl◊ C’.
Æ]Ù Y˚L
r A±Æ]Ù
RÙm A±kR Jufl ©\⁄dœj˘R¨°\RÙ G] Jl©h”lTÙolT’ A±Æ]Ù.
r A±VÙ Æ]Ù
RÙu A±VÙR J⁄˘TÙ⁄˚[A±k’˘LÙsYRtLÙLl©\¨Pm Æ]‹Y’ A±VÙÆ]Ù.
r IVÆ]Ù
IVj˚Rl ˙TÙd°d ˘LÙs[Æ]Ù‹Rp IVÆ]Ù Bœm.
r ˘LÙ[p Æ]Ù
RÙu J⁄ ˘TÙ⁄˚[ YÙe°d˘LÙsfim˘TÙ⁄h”dL˚PdLÙW¨Pm Æ]‹m Æ]Ù˘LÙ[pÆ]Ù.
r ˘LÙ˚P Æ]Ù
CpXÙRY⁄dœ J⁄ ˘TÙ⁄˚[d˘LÙ”jRt˘TÙ⁄h” Æ]Ù‹Y’˘LÙ˚PÆ]Ù.
r HYp Æ]Ù
J⁄ ˘NV˚Xf ˘NnŸUÙfl H‹Rp˘TÙ⁄h” Æ]YlT”Y’ HYpÆ]ÙYÙœm
113
C TÙPlTœß´p Y⁄m Æ]Ù Y˚LL˚[ Y˚LlT”j’L.
C ∏rY⁄m Æ]ÙdLs GkR Y˚L Æ]Ù GuT˚R G”j’ G›’L.ß⁄dœ\˚[ G›ßVYo VÙo? (B£¨Vo UÙQY¨Pm Æ]ÆVÆ]Ù)Eu≤Pm ˙Yfl Nh˚P Cp˚XVÙ?Ae˙L ˘R¨Y’ U≤R]Ù? LmTUÙ?TjRÙm Yœl◊j R™rl ◊jRLm E[RÙ?˘Nu˚]dœf ˘Np¤m TÙ˚R G’?CkRl TÙPj˚Rl T•j’ YÙ.
UW◊j˘RÙPoALWÙßl ˘TÙ⁄˚[j RWÙUp YØYØVÙL (UW◊ ÿ˚\VÙL) ˙Yfl˘TÙ⁄˚[j R⁄m ˘NÙp ˘RÙœß UW◊j˘RÙPo G]lT”m)
C CkRj ˘RÙPoL∞u ˘TÙ⁄˚[ YÙd°Vjßp A˚UdL.Y´t±X•jRpLÙp L›‹Rp˘NÆU”jRp˘NÆNÙnjRpRÙ≠ ˘T⁄°tflSÙ” øe°]ÙoR˚X´X•jRp˙Lh” ˙LsÆ´pXÙUp ÷˚ZkRÙu
@ C’ ˙TÙufl S˚Lf—˚Yd L˚RL˚[j ßWh• Yœl©p YÙ£dL‹m.
@ S˚Lf—˚Yj ’‘dœL˚[ G›’L
@ L⁄j’l TPeL˚[j ßWh• AYt±tLÙ] A•dœ±l˚TŸm G›’L.
˘NVpTÙ”Ls
114
AX-œ 5
TZ- U-Ÿm C≤- U-Ÿm
CXd-°-Vm Ei- U, Su- U, AZ-œ Gu\
Íu-fl ˘TÙ⁄s-L-˚[-Ÿm J⁄ ˙NW EQoj-’-°u-\-’.
Rj’-Y-ÿm Æg-OÙ-]-ÿm Ei-˚U˚V Uh-”˙U EQoj-’-
°u\]. øß Ëp-Ls Su-˚U˚V Uh-”m EQoj-’-°u-\-]. B]Ùp
CXd-°-Vm Ju-fl-RÙu Su-˚U-˙VÙ-” ·•V Ei-˚U˚V AZ-œ-TP
EQoj’Y-’-Pu A\m, A±-‹, AZ-œ-Qo‹ B°-V-Yt-˚\j Rk-’
Es[j-’d-œm A±-‹d-œm Æ⁄k-’ ˘Nn-’ YÙrd-˚Ld-œ YØ-LÙh-•-
VÙL A˚U-°u-\-’. Cj-R- LV Ru- U-L˚[ J⁄e˙L Tt\ TZk-R™r
CXd-°-Ve-L-∞u Y˚L-L-˚[-Ÿm R≤j-Ru-˚U-L-˚[-Ÿm UÙQ-Yo-
L-fid-œ G”j-’-˚Wl-T˙R Cq-Y-X-°u ˙SÙd-L-UÙ-œm.
v CXd°Vj˚Rf —˚Ydœm ·flL˚[ A˚PVÙ[m LÙQp.
v Tp˙Yfl LÙXLhP CXd°V Y[of£˚V AhPY˚QlT”jRp.
v CXd°V Y˚LL˚[l TœlTÙn‹ ˘Nn’ Æ[dLd Lh”˚WLsRVÙo˘NnRp.
v CXd°Vjßtœm NÍLjßtœ™˚P˙VŸs[ ˘RÙPo◊L˚[Jl©”Rp.
Lt\p A˚P‹Ls
115
Au-◊˚P ˘Sg-Nm
˘Yflm ˘Y∞j-˙RÙt-\e-L˚[ Y⁄-¶d-œm LÆ-O˚]ÆP U]-Æ-Vp˚T
ÆY¨dœm LÆ-O˙] £\k-R-Y-]Ù-Ll TÙt-\l-T-”-YÙu. Sg-£u CVp-˚T-Ÿm,
Aßp ˙RÙu-flm TX-ÆR EQo-‹-L-˚[-Ÿm, AR-]Ùp ˘Y∞l-T-”m Gi-Qe-
L˚[Ÿm TÙe-LÙ-Ld LÙh-”-Y˙R NeLÆXd-°-Vl TÙPp-L-∞u A•l-T˚P˘V]-
XÙm. J⁄-Yu J⁄j-ß-V-¨-˚Pj ˙RÙu-flm LÙR-˚X-Ÿm, Ad-LÙ-Rp Y[-⁄m
Au◊˚P ˘Sg-Ne-L-˚[-Ÿm, Ad-LÙ-R-XÙp U°-›m U°rf-£-˚V-Ÿm ©¨-YÙp
˙S⁄m ’u-Tj-˚R-Ÿm LÙh-”-Y-ßp, Cl TÙPp-Ls R˚X£-\k’ Æ[e-œ-°u-\-].
Es-[j-˘R-›m AL-‹-Qo-‹-L-˚[l TÙ”-Y-RÙp, ClTÙPp-L-fidœ ALl-TÙ-Pp-
Ls G]l ˘TVo YZe-œ-Yo. AL-SÙ-Ú-fl, St-±-˚Q, œflk-˘RÙ-˚L, Ie-œ-fl-Ë-fl,
L≠j-˘RÙ˚L ÿR-≠-V] Cq-Y-˚L-˚Vf NÙ⁄m, Au-◊˚P ˘Sg-Nj˚R Æ[d-
œm LÙh-£-Ls TX-Yt˚\ ClTÙPp-L-[Ùp SÙm A±-°-˙\Ùm.
R˚X-Yu J⁄-Y-‡m R˚X-Æ-˘VÙ-⁄j-ß-Ÿm Nk-ßj’ Es-[m Ju-fl-Th” EY˚L
˘LÙs-fi-°u-\-]o. Aq-‹-Y-˚L-´p AYo-Ls TÙ• U°r-Y’ AkR Es-[m Ju-fl
-ThP ®˚X-˚Vj-RÙu Gu-T-˚Rd œflk-˘RÙ˚Ll TÙh” Jufl Æ[d-œ-°-\-’.
Eu‡˚PV RÙVÙo GY-˙WÙ, Gu-‡-˚PV RÙVÙo GY-˙WÙ, AYo-L-fid-œs CRt-œ-
ÿu GkR E\-‹m Ht-Th-P-ßp˚X; A˚Rl-˙TÙ-X˙Y Eu-‡-˚PV Rk-˚Rd-œm
Gu-‡-˚PV Rk-˚Rd-œm CRtœ ÿu GkR E\-‹m C⁄k-R-ßp-˚X. øŸm SÙ‡m
ÿu E\‹ LÙi-P-Yo-Ls Ap-Xo. G≤-‡m Sm-ÿ-˚PV Es-[m Au-TÙp Ju-fl-
Th-”l ©˚Qd-Ll-Th-”s-[-]. YÙ]j-ß-≠-⁄k’ ˚YV-Lj-ßp Æ›m U˚Zj-’-
∞-Ls ˘Nm-Ui-¶p LXk’ ˘Ne-œ-Zm-TÙ-°-Æh-PÙp, AYt- \j R≤j-’l ©¨j-’d
LÙQ-ÿ-•-VÙRYÙfl ˙TÙX C≤ Ju-fl-ThP Sm Es-[j-˚Rl ©¨d-L-ÿ-•-VÙ’;
Au-◊˚P ˘Sg-Nm RÙUÙ-Ld LXk-’-Æh-P]'' Gufl ·fl-°-u-\Ùu.
VÙŸm OÙŸm VÙWÙ °V˙WÙ
Gk-˚R-Ÿm ÷k-˚R-ŸmGm-ÿ-˚\d ˙L∞o
VÙ‡m ø-Ÿm Gq-YØ V±-’m
˘Nm-◊-Xl ˘TVp-øo ˙TÙX
Au-◊˚P ˘Sg-Nm RÙe LXk-R-]˙Y (œ-flk-˘RÙ˚L, 40)
Gufl Rm Au-◊˚P ˘Sg-Nm Ju-fl-ThP ˘Nn-ß-˚Vl Ti◊ œu-\Ù-Up
TÙ”-°-\Ùu.
Ut- \Ù⁄ œflk- RÙ- Ll TÙPp, R˚X-Yu R˚X-Æ-Vo YÙr-Æp LÙ‘m Au-◊˚P
˘Sg-Nj-˚Rd LÙh-”-Y-˙RÙ-”, AR˚] Æ[dL ÆXe-œ-L-∞u YÙr-Æp LÙ‘m
Au-◊˚P Sg-Nj-˚R-Ÿm EPu —h-”-°-\-’. J⁄ RÙØ R˚X-Yu Y⁄m YØ-V-
Gh-”m Tj-’m
116
⁄- U˚V AY-‡d-œd ·± Ad˘LÙ•V YØ- p AYu Y⁄-Y-RÙp R˚XÆ Sg-Nm
’•l-TÙs Gu\ ˘Nn-ß˚V AY-‡d-œj ˘R¨-Æd-°-\Ùs. A˚R Æ[d-L, AYu
SÙh-•p Es[ Ti œ-We-°u Au◊ Es-[j˚RŸm ARu NV- X-Ÿm Noj-’d
·fl-°-\Ùu.
Bi œWeœ C-\k-’-Æh-P’ Gu\ ˘Nn-ß-˚Vl ˘Ti-œ-Weœ A±-°-\-’. C≤j
R≤j’ YÙrk’ ˚Lm˚U ˙SÙu◊ ˙SÙtL Æ⁄m-TÙR Ukß Ru œh-•-L-˚[j Ru
—t-\j-ß-Pm Jl-T-˚Pj’ Æh-”l ˘T¨V U˚X-´u Ef-£-´p H±d ∏˙Z Æ›k’
E´o-Æ-”-°-\-’. Cf ˘Nn-ß- Vd ·± Aj-R- LV Ti-◊-™œ Au-◊˚P ˘Sg-Nj- R-
Ÿ-˚PV Ukß YÙ›m SÙP˙]! Gufl AY˚] Æ∞j-’d ·fl-°-\Ùs. AR-]Ùp
R˚X-Æ-Ÿm AYu S” CW-Æp Y⁄-Y˚R Ag-—-°-\Ùs Gufl AYs S”e-œm
˘Sg-Nj- Rd LÙh-”-°-\Ùs. Ud-L-∞u Au-◊˚P Sg-Nj- Rd LÙhP ÆXe-œ-L-∞u
Au-TÙ] YÙr- Yl ◊X-Yo-Ls LÙh-”--Y-Rtœ Cl-TÙ-Pp Ko G”j-’dLÙh-PÙL Æ[e-œ-
°-\-’.
L⁄e-Li RÙd-L˚X ˘T⁄m-©± ’t-˘\-]d
˚Lm˚U Ÿn-VÙd LÙUo Ukß
LpXÙ Yu-◊Lr °˚[-ÿ-Rt ˙Nojß
Ke-œ-Y˚W V”d-Lj-’l TÙnk-’-´o ˘Nœd-œm
NÙWp SÙP S”-SÙs
YÙWp YÙØ˙VÙ Y⁄k-’-’m VÙ˙U (œ-flk-˘RÙ-˚L. 69)
Uk-ß-´u Au-◊˚P Sg-£u CVp-˚Td LÙh-•j R˚X-Æ-´u Sg— A˚R-ÆP
˘S°r-‹m ©¨-YÙt-\Ù-˚U-Ÿm E˚P-V’ Gufl EQoj-’-°-\Ùs.
Au-TÙp ©˚Qd-Ll-ThP Sg-Ne-Ls SPj-’m Cp-X\ YÙrd˚L Cu-T-ÿm ®˚\-
‹m ˘LÙiP YÙr-YÙ-œm Gu-T˚R CqY˚Ll-TÙ-Pp-Ls EQoj-’-°u-\-].
ß⁄-U-Q-UÙ] ©\œ J⁄ R˚X-Y-‡m R˚X-Æ-Ÿm YÙrd˚L ˘RÙPe-œ-°u-\-]o.
AYs EQ‹ CP AR˚] Ei” U°Z AYu Æ˚Z°-\Ùu. AYfid-œm
AY-‡d-œj Ru ˚LVÙp ÿRu-ÿ-R-≠p EQ‹ T¨-UÙ\ ˙Yi-”m Gu\ BYp
G›-°-\-’. Æ˚W-Æp EQ‹ Ah” AY-‡dœ CP-˙Yi-”m Gu\ Bo-Ym
AY˚[ Ek-’-°-\-’. ◊∞d-œ-Zm◊ Nn-Ÿm˘TÙ-⁄h” AdœZm-©-˚]d ·h• Yd-Lj
Ru ˚LVÙp ’ZÙÆ AR˚] A˚Ud-œm Bo-Yj-RÙp, Al-T-•˙V RÙu A¶k-’-
˘LÙi-•-⁄kR ◊˚P- Y- p L˚Vd L›-YÙ-Up ’˚Pj-’d- LÙi-”, Ad-œ-Zm- Tj
RÙ∞-Rm ˘Nn-’, Adœnl-◊˚L AYs Li-L-∞p T•-Vj RÙ˙] ’ZÙÆ AhP
◊∞dœZm-◊f ˙NÙt-±˚] AY-‡dœ Ch-”, Bo-Y-ÿm Au-◊m ˘T⁄L AYu
ÿu-]Ùp ®ufl AYu TÙWÙh-”-R˚X GßoTÙod-°-\Ùs. AYs œ±d- LÙ- [p-XÙm
Aq‹Q˚Y Ei-‘m AYu YÙ -≠-⁄k’ "C≤’' Gu\ ˘NÙp- Xd ˙Lh-T-RÙL
C⁄d-°-\-’. AYs ’Zk’ AhP EQ‹ C≤-RÙL C⁄d-°-\’ Gufl AYu ·flm
˘NÙt-Ls AYs Es-[j’ U°rf-£˚V ™œ-ßl-T-”j-’-°u-\-]. ◊’-UQ YÙr-YÙp
117
˘TÙ≠-‹-˘Tt\ AYs AZ-°V ÿLm ÷h-T-UÙL Af £fl-U-°rf-£˚V ˘Y∞l-T-”j-
’-°u-\-’. Aq-Yu-◊˚P ˘Sg-Ne-Ls SPj-’m AL-YÙr‹ Cf£fl-®-Lrf-£-L-[Ùp
˘TÙ≠‹ ˘Tfl-°u-\-’.
ÿ∞-R-´o ©˚NkR LÙk-Rs ˘Up-Æ-Wp
L›-‹fl L≠eLe LZÙA ’º-Cd
œY˚[ Ei-Li œnl-◊˚L LU-Zj
RÙu-’-Zk RhP æm-◊-∞l TÙLo
÷i-¶-ßu U°rk-Rufl Js-÷-Rp (œflk-˘RÙ-˚L, 167)
Ut˘\Ù⁄ R˚X-Yu R]d-œm AY-fid-œm ˙SokR FPp æo-Y-Rtœ Æ⁄k-ß-]o
Y⁄- L˚V Gßo-TÙod-°-\Ùu. Æ⁄k-RÙp AYs EYk’ ÿfl-Yp˘LÙs-fim ÿLj- Rd
LÙ‘m LÙh-£˚V Gßo-˙SÙd-œm BY-≠p AYo-Ls Au-◊˚P ˘Sg-Nm
£j-ß-¨d-Ll-T-”-°u-\-]. Æ⁄k’ Yk-RÙp, AYs AY-˙]Ù-” AYo-L˚[ YW-˙YtL
ÿfl-Yp ˘LÙi-PÙs. AR-]Ùp AYs U°-›m ÿLj-˚Rl TÙod-L-ÿ-•-Ÿ˙U Gufl
AYÙ-‹-°-\’ AYu ˘Sg-—.
LQ-Y- ]Ù” ©Qd-œd LÙiP LÙW-Qj-RÙp, LR- Yj RÙØh-”d- LÙi” R≤˙V
N˚U-V-X-˚\-´p Ru LP-˚U-´p Li-‘e L⁄j-’m ˘N¤j-ß-V-Y-[Ùn AY-≤-Pm
˙TN U]-™p-XÙ-R-Y-[Ùn ÆflÆfll-TÙ-Lj Ru LP-˚U-L-˚[f ˘Nn’- ˘LÙi•⁄d-°-
\Ùs J⁄ R˚X-Æ. AYs YÙ˚[-¡-˚]d L›Æ Aflj’ Y˚Ll-T-”j-ßf N˚U-Vp
˘Nn-Vj ˘RÙPe-œ-°u-\Ùs. Li-L-∞p ◊˚L-T-•V, ˘St-±-´p ÆVo˚Y ’∞odL,
AYt-˚\j Ru ◊˚P-˚Y-´p ’˚Pj-’d LÙi-”, AY-≤-Pm TNÙ-Up N˚U-V-X-˚\-
´p Ru LP-˚U-L∞p D”-Th-”d-˘LÙi•⁄d-°-\Ùs. AYs ÿLj-ßp ◊u-]˚L
RY-›UÙ Gufl Gßo-TÙoj’ ®t-°-\Ùu. ◊u-]˚L RY-Z-Æp˚X ˘Vu\Ù¤m ◊u
-ÿ-fl-Y-XÙ-Y-’ RÙu-\d ·PÙRÙ Gufl He-œ-°-\’ AYu Sg-Nm. ""ÿu-˘]p-XÙm
Y⁄m Æ⁄k-ß-]o Cl- TÙ-›’ YWd ·PÙRÙ? AYo-Ls TÙ⁄h-PÙ-Y’ AYs ÿLm
UX-⁄˙U! Am-U-XokR ÿLj˚R Al- TÙ-›-RÙ-Y-’ TÙodL ÿ•-Ÿ˙U! Ge-Ls FP-¤m
˘Up-Xj R¶-Ÿ˙U'' Gufl AYu Au-◊˚P ˘Sg-Nm Gßo-TÙod-œm LÙh-£˚V
St±-˚Ql TÙPp Jufl LÙh-”-°-\’!
RP-U-⁄l◊ G⁄˚U UP-S-˚Pd œZÆ
Ái ˘RÙflm VÙjR LÙi-Rœ Sp-≠p
˘LÙ”e-œ˚Z ˘TnR ˘N›g- ˘Nn ˙T˚R
£fl-RÙr ˘N±jR ˘Up-Æ-Wp ˙NlT
YÙ˚[ Dok-R• Yp-≠-ßu Y˚LCl
◊˚L-Ÿi” AUojR Li-Qs R˚L-˘T-\l
©˚\-÷-Rp ˘TÙ±jR £fl-÷i Tp-Æ-Vo
Ak-’-°p R˚X-´u ’˚P-´-]s Sl-◊-Xk’
Ah• ˙XÙ˙[ AmUÙ A¨˚Y
GUd˙L Y⁄-L-ßp Æ⁄k˙R £Yl-TÙufl
118
£±-V-ÿs G´fl ˙RÙu\
ÿfl-Yp ˘LÙiP ÿLm-LÙi Lm˙U (St-±-˚Q. 120)
ÿs TÙu\ £fl G´fl RÙu\ AYs ÿLj-ßp ◊u-ÿ-fl-Yp RÙu\ Yi”m
Gufl AjR˚X-Yu Gßo-TÙod-°-\Ùu. ’°p R˚Xl-TÙp ˘St-±-´p ˙RÙu-flm
£fl ÆVo-˚Y-L-˚[j ’˚Pj-’d-˘LÙi”, AkR Ah-•p CPj˚RÆh” AL-
XÙ-Up AY˙]Ù” ◊Xk’ ˘Yflj’ C⁄d-°-\Ùs. Aj-R-˚LV ®˚X-´p AYs
U]m £±’ Yfl Y˚L-VÙ-Lj ß⁄m-©-]Ùp SX-UÙL C⁄d-œ˙U Vufl L⁄-’-°-
\Ùu. AkR ≈” G⁄-˚U-Ÿm ARu Lu-flm Ái-˙RÙ-flm Lh-Pl-Th” AZ-LÙL
Æ[e-œ-°-\-’. AkR SpX Cp-≠p YÙ˚[ ¡˚] Y˚Ll-T-”jß Ah-•p RÙØ-
≠p D”-T-”m R˚X-Æ-´u ®˚X Cq-YÙfl Y⁄-¶d-Ll-Th-•-⁄-°-\-’. AYs
Au◊˚P ˘Sg-Nj-ßp Ht-Th-•-⁄d-œm £fl ˘Yfll˚T AYu Es-[m UÙt\
AYÙ-‹m ®˚X-˚U˚V Cl-TÙ-Pp LÙh-”-°-\-’.
J⁄-Y˚W J⁄-Yo ©¨-Y-RÙp Ht-T-”m Bt-\Ù-˚U-VÙp Ap-X¤-flm ˘Sg-£u
’V˚Wf Ne-Lj-’f NÙu-˙\Ùo LÙh-”-Y-ßp Yp-X-Y-WÙL Æ[e-°-]o Gu-T-˚Rl
TÙ˚Xj ß˚Q-´p Y⁄m TÙPp-Ls A±-‹-flj-’m. R˚X-Yu ˘TÙ⁄s LÙW-Q-
UÙ-L˙YÙ ˙TÙo-Æ˚] LÙW-Q-UÙ-L˙YÙ ©¨-Ÿm ©¨-‹d-œl TÙ˚X Gu-flm. Aq-
˘YÙ-›-L-XÙt-˚\l TÙ˚Xj ß˚Q Gu-flm ·fl-Yo. ClTÙ˚Xj-ß-˚Ql TÙPp-
Ls Au-◊˚P ˘Sg-Ne-Ls ©¨YÙp Eflm Ap-X˚X AZ-œ-T-Pd ·fl-°u-\-].
˘Nn-Æ˚] ÿ•d-Lf ˙Ni ÁWg ˘Nu-fl-ÆhP R˚X-Yu LÙRp ˘Sg— J⁄
◊\m, LP˚U EQo‹ J⁄ ◊\m G] Cq-Æ⁄ ®˚X-L-[Ùp A˚Xd-Ll-Th-”d
L˚W LÙQ ÿ•-VÙ-Up ß˚Ld-°u-\Ùu. Sg— AY∞Pj-ßp˘LÙiP Æ˚ZYÙp,
Æ˚W-Æp ≈” ß⁄mT ˙Yi-”m Gu\ ˙Yh-˚L˚V ™œ-ßl-T-”j-’-°u-\’.
AY‡- PV A±‹ LP˚U T -’ Gu-flm, AR-]Ùp Nn-Æ˚] ÿ•j-’-Æh”
≈” ß⁄m◊-R˙X £\l◊ Gu-flm A±-‹-flj-’-°-\-’. A±-‹d-œm EQo-‹d-œm
C˚P˙V SPd-œm U]l- TÙ-WÙh-Pj-ßu S”-Æp EPm◊ ALl-Th-” ˘U≠k-’-Æ-”-
°u-\-’. Ck®˚X Y≠V U⁄l-◊-˚Pd L∞-fl- C-Wi-” C⁄-◊-\m R≤j-R-≤˙V
®u-fl RnkR TZe-L-´-fl Ju-\u C⁄-◊-\j-˚R-Ÿm Tt± C›d-L, A’ U≠k-’
Aflk-’ ˙TÙœm ®˚Xd-œ EY-™d-Ll-Th-”s-[-’. L∞-fl-L-[Ùp Dod-Ll-T-”m
˙Rn◊¨l TZe-L-´t-±u ®˚X-˚Vl ˙TÙp C⁄-˙Y-fl EQo-‹-L-[Ùp A˚Xd-
Ll-˘Ttfl ˘U≠kR R˚X-Yu EPp S≠k-’ Æ”-°-\-˘Ru-fl- ·-\l-T-”-°-\-’.
R˚XYu ˘Sg-£p G›m A˚X-L-∞u A˚Xl-TÙp ˘U≠-Ÿm AYu EP-˚X,
Aflk-’ Æ›m ˙RnkR TZe-L-´t-fld-œ EY-˚UlT”j-’-°u-\Ùo.
◊\k-RÙr‹ C⁄iP ·k-Rt ˙TÙßu
®\m-˘T-flm D¨-Rr ˘TÙ≠kR Ei-Li
Es-[m ©¶d-˘LÙi ˙PÙs-Y-´u ˘Sg-Nm
˘Np-Xp æod-Lm ˘Np-YÙm Gu-‡m
˘Nn-Æ˚] ÿ•-VÙ-’ Gq-Ym ˘Nn-Rp
119
GnVÙ ˚Y˘VÙ-” C∞-U-R-˚Xj R⁄-˘U]
Eflß ÁdLj ÁMÛ° A±˙Y
£±-’-S≤ Æ˚W-Vp Gu-‡m B´˚P
J¸ı˙\k’ Ufll-©t L∞-fl-UÙ-fl Tt-±V
˙Rn-◊-¨l TZe-L-´-fl ˙TÙX
≈Y-’ ˘LÙp-Gu Y⁄k-ßV EPm˙T (St-±- Q, 284)
Gu-fl U]l-˙TÙ-WÙh-Pe-L-˚[j RdL EY˚U ˘LÙi-” Æ[dœm ®˚X-˚Vl
TÙod-°u-˙\Ùm. Au-◊˚P ˘Sg-Nm RÙe-œm Ap-X˚X Cq-‹-Y˚U AZ-œ-TP
EQoj-’-°-\-’.
R˚X-Æ- Vl ©¨kR R˚X-Y-≤u R≤˚U ˘Sg-Nm ˙U˙X ÆY- d-Ll-Th-P-YÙ-fl
˙TÙX˙Y Ut-˘\Ù-⁄ ◊X-Yo R˚X-Y-˚]l ©¨k-’ R≤-˚U-VÙp YÙ”m R˚X-Æ-
´u Sg-Nj-ßu Ru- U- Vl ◊Xl-T-”j-’-°u-\Ùo. R˚X-Yu EP-≤-⁄k-R- TÙ’
EY-˚L-˘LÙi-” Y[-UÙ] YÙr-˚Yl Tt\ R˚X-Æ, AYu AY-˚[l ©¨k-’-
ÆhP LÙW-Qj-RÙp R≤- U-Ÿfl-°-\Ùs; AYs Sg-— AYu-UÙh-”f Nu-fl-ÆhP
LÙW-Qj-RÙp EQo‹ œu± EPm˚T Uh-”m ≈‘d-LÙ-Ll ˙T‘-Y’ ˙TÙu\
EQo-YÙp, YÙr-Æp Yfll-◊m N≠l-◊m LÙs-°-\Ùs. AYs A˚PkR R≤˚U
®˚X-˚Ud-œ ˙Y˙\Ùo R≤˚U ®˚X˚U EY-˚U-VÙ-Ld ·\l-T-”-°u-\-’.
˘Yg-£] ˙Yk-R-≤u ˘Ym-T-˚L-VÙp A˚Xl-◊i-Qp Ag-£,- Ud-Ls RÙm
YÙ›m TÏ˚W Æh-” ALu-fl-Æ-P, AR- ]d LÙd-œm R≤-U-Lu J⁄-Yu R≤- Uj
’V-WÙ-¤m Æ⁄l-Tt\ EQo-YÙ-¤m YÙrd- L˚V Yflj-’, Aq-‹-P-¤d-œ EQ‹
A∞l-T-˚R-Ÿm Uflj-’, YÙr-˚Yf —˚U-VÙ-Ld L⁄ß SÙh-L-˚[d LPj-’m ®˚X-
˚Vl ˙TÙu-fl CYs YÙr‹ A˚Uk-ß-⁄l-T-RÙ-Ld ·fl-°-\Ùs. TÙr LÙj-ß-⁄d-
œm R≤-U-Lu EP˚X Æ⁄l-©u-±l ˙T‘-UÙ-fl ˙TÙX Cq-‹-Pm-˚Td LÙdL
˙Yi-•-´-⁄l-T-RÙ-Lj R˚XÆ L⁄-’-°-\Ùs:
˘Sg-Nm AYo-Y-´u ˘Nu-\] Di- ˘PÙ-Øk-’
Ei-Pp A∞j-’-Gu EPm˙T Æ\t-˙TÙo
˘Yg-£] ˙Yk-Ru T˚L-V-˚Xd LXe°
YÙr-˙YÙo ˙TÙ°V ˙TÏol
TÙr-LÙj ß⁄kR R≤-U-Lu ˙TÙu˙\ (St-±-˚Q, 153)
YÙr-˙YÙo ˙TÙn-ÆhP LÙW-Qj-RÙp ˘Yfl-˚U-Ÿt\ ˙TÏ-WÙ-°V TÙØ-Pj-˚Rd
LÙd-œm R≤-U-L-˚]l ˙TÙu-fl, ˘Sg-— øe-°-ÆhP LÙW-Qj-RÙp R≤-˚U-Ÿ-flm
EPm◊ EQo-Yt-fld °Pd-°-\-’ Gu-fl EQoj-’-°-\Ùs. Cq-YÙ-fl © -YÙp Au-◊˚P
˘Sg-Ne-Ls T”m Ap-X-˚Xl TÙ˚Xj-ß-˚Ql TÙPp-Ls EQoj-Rd LÙi-
°u˙\Ùm.
ÿp-˚Xj ß˚Ql TÙPp Ju-fl, Cp≠⁄k-’ Bt-±j R˚X-Yu Y⁄-˚L˚V
Gßo-TÙod-œm R˚X-Æ-´u BY-¤s-[j˚R A¶-TP G”j-’d LÙh-”-°u-\’.
LÙo-LÙ-Xm Y⁄-Y-Rt-œs ˘Nn-Æ˚] ÿ•j-’ ≈”-ß-⁄m© Y⁄-Y-RÙ-Lf ˘NÙu]
R˚X-Yu œ±jR LÙXj-ßp ≈” ß⁄m-T-Æp-˚X. LÙ˙WÙ Yk-R-’; AYu ˙Ro-
120
Uh”m YW-Æp- X. AkR ®˚X- p LÙo-LÙ-Xj-’ ÿp˚X UXo-Ls Èd-Lj RÙPe-°-
Æh-P-]. ÿp˚X ÿ˚L-L- [l Tt-L-[Ù-Ld LÙi-” LÙo-LÙ-Xm AYs R≤- U- Vl
TÙoj-’f £¨l-T-’ TÙX C⁄d-°-\-’ Gu-fl R˚XÆ ·fl-Y-RÙL B£- Vo A˚Ud-
°-\Ùo. Æ˚]-ÿ-•j-’ YW-˙Yi-•V R˚X-Yu YWÙ-R-RÙp EX-L˙U AY-˚[l
TÙoj-’f £¨l-T-’-˙TÙX C⁄d-°-\-’. C[˚U TÙWÙ-Up Y[m Æ⁄m-©l ©¨k-’
˘Nu\ R˚X-Yo GY-Q˙WÙ G] He-œm R˚X-Æ-´u ˘Sg-—, ÿp˚X UX-˚Wl
TÙoj-’ U°-ZÙ-Up, A˚Y LÙo-LÙ-Xm Yk-’-ÆhP ˘Nn-ß˚V A±-Æl-T-]-YÙL
EQo-°-\-’. ÿp˚X UXok-’m AYu Jp- X- p YW-Æp- X˙V Gufl AYs
He-œ-°-\Ùs:
C[˚U TÙWÙo Y[-S-˚N-Cf ˘Nu-˙\Ùo
CY-‘m YÙWÙo GY-Q˙WÙ ˘Y]l
˘TVo-◊-\k RkR Èe-˘LÙ-• ÿp-˚Xj
˘RÙœ-ÿ˚L ´Xe-˘L´ \ÙL
Sœ˙U ˙RÙØ Sflk-Ri LÙW˙W (œflk-˘RÙ-˚L, 126)
Gu-fl AYs Au-◊-˚PV Sg-Nm AYu YWÙ-˚U-VÙp A˚PkR LY-˚X-˚Vd
LÙh-”-°-\-’. Ak-Rd LY-˚X˚V CVt˚L ®Lrf-£-VÙ] UX-¨u UXof-£-˙VÙ-”
˘RÙPo-◊-T-”j-ßf NÙp-Y-’ A¶-S-Vm-TP A˚Uk-’s-[-’. ""ÿp-˚X-´u ÿ˚L
Gu-˚]l TÙoj-’ S˚Ld-°u-\˙R'' Gu-fl R˚XÆ ˘NÙp-¤m Cd ·t-±p
AY-‡d-LÙL He-œm AY-fi-˚PV Au-◊˚P ˘Sg-Nm ˘Y∞l-T-”-°u-\-’.
Cp-≠-⁄k-’ Sp-X-\m Km-◊m Cp-XÙ-∞u C≤V ÿLj-˚Rd LÙQ BY-¤-flm
R˚X-Y-≤u Au-◊-˚PV ˘Sg˚N St-±-˚Ql TÙPp Ju-fl LÙh-”-°-\-’. AYo-
Ls Au◊ AYo-Ls-TÙp Uh-”m TW-YÙ-Up Tt\ UL-≤-Pj-’m Et\ Æ⁄k-ß-]-
-Pj-’m TW-‹-°-\-’. Cf ˘Nn-ß˚V Cl-TÙ-Pp Suœ LÙh-”-°-\-’. LÙo-LÙ-Xm Yk-’-
Æh-P˚R EQok-’ R˚X-Yu œ±jR LÙXj-ßp ≈”-ß-⁄mT Æ˚Z-°-\Ùu. AR-]Ùp
˙R˚W Æ˚W-Æp ˘N¤j-’-UÙ-fl TÙL˚] H‹-°-\Ùu. ≈h-•p Æ•-VtLÙ- X- pRu U˚]Æ œZk-˚R˚V G›l© Cu-‡-˚W-VÙ-”m C≤V NÙt-L-˚[d LhLAYu AYÙ-‹-°-\Ùu. R˚XÆ Æ⁄k-’ Æ⁄m-◊-Ys BR-≠u, AYu Æ˚W-Æt˘Nu-fl, Æ⁄k-ß-]˚W Ht-fl Cp-X-\m £\l-◊\ S˚P- T-\f ˘NnV ˙Yi-”m Gu-flÆ⁄m-◊-°-\Ùu. AR-]Ùp AYu U]m R˚X-Æ˚V Uh”m SÙPÙ-Up UL-≤-Pj-’m C⁄-Y-⁄m C⁄k-’ YW-˙Yt-œm Æ⁄k-ß-]-¨-Pj-’m TW-‹-°-\-’ Gu-fl A±Vÿ•-°-\-’.
˘NpL TÙL! ®u ˘Nn-Æ˚] ˘S”k- Ro;Æ⁄k-’ Æ⁄l-◊-Ò-Em ˘T⁄k-˙RÙs œfl-U-Ls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Èe-Li ◊Rp-Yu Áeœ-Y-´u Jp°Yk-æL Gk˚R Gu-‡mAk-æm °[Æ ˙LhL SÙ˙U (St-±-˚Q, 221)
œZk- R- V-Ÿm RÙ˚V-Ÿm J⁄- N-Wd LÙQ Yi-”m Gu-fl AYu Au◊ Sg-Nm AYÙ-‹-°u-\-’. Cp-X-\j-ßu UÙh-£˚V Su-œ-QokR R˚X-Yu Æ⁄k-ß-]˚W
121
YW-˙Yt-T-ßp R˚XÆ ˘LÙi”s[ Æ⁄l-˚Td œ±l-©-”-°u-\Ùu. RÙu Cp-XÙ-Up AYs R≤-VÙL Æ⁄k-ß-]-˚Wl ˙TÙt\ ÿ•-VÙ˙R Gu-T-RÙp, Æ˚W-Æp˘NpX ˙Yi-”m Gufl AYu Æ⁄m-◊-°-\Ùu. Ti-ThP AYu Es-[m RuAu˚T Gßo-TÙod-œm U˚]-Æ-´-Pj-’m, C⁄-Y-⁄m Y[od-œm Au-◊f Np-Y-UÙ-°V œZk-˚R-´-Pj-’m AYo-Ls C⁄k-’ ˙TÙt-flm Æ⁄k-ß-]-¨-Pj-’m —t±Y[ok-’s-[-˚U˚V Cl-TÙh-” LÙh-”-°u-\-’.
TX-SÙs ©¨k-’ C⁄kR R˚X-Æd-œj R˚X-Y-≤u Y⁄- L- p J⁄ ◊’˚U LÙiT-’CVp-◊. AR-]Ùp Æ⁄k-’ Æ⁄l-◊-flm R˚XÆ Gu-T-Rt-œj R˚X-Y-≤u ◊ßVY⁄-˚L˚V Gßo-TÙod-œm R˚XÆ Gu-fl ˘LÙs-∞-‡m A˚U-Ÿm. "R˚X-Æ-´uBYp ®˚\kR ˘Sg-— U°-Z, ø Æ˚W-Æp ˙R˚Wf ˘N¤j-’' Gufl R˚X-Yu·fl-Y-RÙ-L-‹m LÙs-[-XÙm. R˚X-Æ- u BYp Sg- N-Ÿm UL- ]Ù-” U°rk’˙T—m Au-◊d LÙh-£- Vd LÙQ AYÙ-‹m R˚X-Y-≤u Sg- N-Ÿm Cl TÙPp˘Y∞l-T-”j-’-°-\-’ Gu-flm ·\-XÙm.
Au-◊-˚PV ˘Sg-Nm Gu-T-’ R˚X-Yu R˚X-Æ-V-¨˚P Uh-”m ®X-‹-Y-˘RÙu-\ufl Gu-T-˚R-Ÿm, H˚]-V-Y-¨-Pj-’m Aq-Yu◊ ˘Sg-Nm, EP-≤⁄l-T-RÙpU°rf-£-˚V-Ÿm ©¨-RXÙp ’V-Wj-˚R-Ÿm RW-Yp-X-’ Gu-T-˚R-Ÿm Ne-Ll-TÙ-Pp-L˙[ A±-‹-flj-’m, UL-˚[l ˘Tt-fl Y[ojR RÙn, Ru ULs Ru B⁄-´ojR˚X-Y-˙]Ù-” A⁄g-—W YØ-´p EPu-˙TÙ-L, AR-]Ùp AY˚[ SÙ•j ˙R•A˚Uk-’ U]g-˙NÙok-’ ·flm ·t-±p, ˘Tt\ U]j-ßu Au-◊s-[m ˘Y∞l-T”-°-\-’.
R˚XÆ J⁄jß RÙu Æ⁄m-◊m R˚X-Y-˙]Ù-” ˙Yt-Òo ˘Nufl Æ”-°-\Ùs.≈h-•p AY˚[ Y[ojR RÙn AYs ˘Nu\ CP-˘Up-XÙm ˙R•, Y⁄-YÙ-˚W-˘Vp-XÙm AYo-Ls ˘Nu-\-Æ-Pm ˘R¨-ŸUÙ Gu-fl Æ]-‹-°u-\Ùs. AYo-Ls,˘Ti-Ls Rm R˚X-Y-˙WÙ-” EPu-˙TÙ-Y-’ Cp-X-\j-ßu Sp-X-\m-RÙu Gu-flm,VÙØ˙X ©\d-œm C˚N VÙ›d-œ-¨VRÙLÙ-Up ˙Lh-T-Yod˙L E¨-V-’ ˙TÙX-‹m,LP-≠˙X ©\d-œm ÿj-’ A¶-T-Yod˙L E¨-V-’ ˙TÙX-‹m, U˚X-´˙X ©\d-œm Nk-R-]m ’nl-T-Yod-œl TVu-T-”-Y-’ ˙TÙX-‹m ©\kR ALj-˚R-Æh-”jR˚X-Yu ALm ˘Np-Y-’-RÙu ˘Ti-L-∞u CVp◊ Gu-flm, Cu] ©\ ·±AY-Xj˚R Bt-±- -⁄d-œ-UÙ-fl Yt-◊-flj-’-°u-\-]o. AkR AY-Xj˚R Bt-fl-RpJp-XÙ-’ Gu-fl AYs Y∞l-T-”j-’m L⁄j-ßp Au◊ Sg-Nj-ßu BZj- RdLÙQ ÿ•-°-\-’.
""G]d-œ C⁄l-T-’ J˙W ULs. AY-fim ˙St-fl ≈W-™dL R˚X-Y-˙]Ù-” ˘T⁄-U- X- p A¨V YØ LPk-’ Nu-fl Æh-PÙs. C≤ øe-Ls "AY-Xj- Rj RÙe-œ'G] G∞-ßp ·±-Æ-”-°u-»o-Ls. A@-’ Gq-YÙ-fl Jp-¤m? A±-YÙp BWÙnk-’G∞-’ Gu-fl ·fl-Y˚R˘Vp-XÙm EQo-YÙp G∞-ßp Ht-fld-˘LÙs[ CVp-Y-ßp-˚X. Gu œfl-U-Ls Æ˚[-VÙ-•d LÙi-•-⁄kR SÙf£ UWj-˚R-Ÿm AR-]-⁄-°-p Es[ ≈h-”j ßi- Q- V-Ÿm Li-PÙp, AYs Cp-XÙR LÙW-Qj-RÙp Yfl-˚U-VÙ] LÙh£ Dk-’ AY-Xj-˚Rj R⁄-°-\-’; Gu Es-[m ˙Y°-\-’. AY-∞u-
122
±j R≤j-ß-⁄d-œm AkR CPe-L-˚[d Li-” Aj R≤-˚Ud LÙh-£-˚Vj RÙeLGu Es-[j-ßt-œ Bt-\-≠p- X. AYs T´u\ CP- Up-XÙm Cl- TÙ-›’ ˘Yfl-˚U-Ÿt-±-⁄d-°u-\-’'' Gu-fl ·fl-°-\Ùs.
J⁄-U-Ls E˚P-˙Vu Uu˙] AY-fim˘N⁄-™-œ ˘UÙnm-©t ·o-˙Yt LÙ˚[-˘VÙ-”˘T⁄-U˚X A⁄g-—-Wm ˘S⁄-St ˘Nu-\-]sC≤-˙V, RÙe-œ-®u AY-Xm Gu-±o A’-Ut-flVÙe-M-]m Jp-¤˙UÙ A±-‹˚P ¬˙WEs-∞u Es-[m ˙Y˙U Ei-LiU¶-YÙr TÙ˚Y S˚P-Lt \u]-GuA¶-´-Vp œfl-ULs B•VU¶-˙Vo ˘SÙf-£-Ÿk ˘Rt-±-Ÿm Li˙P (St-±-˚Q, 184)
""Li-¶-¤s[ U¶l-TÙ˚Y Y∞˙V Yk-’ S˚P Lt-T-’ TÙX AZ-LÙL SPk’Æ˚[-VÙ-•V Af £fl-U-Ls Cl-˘TÙ-›’ ALu-fl-Æh-P-RÙp Li-L-∞p J¸ı´Zk’ ®t-°-˙\u'' Gu\ L⁄j˚R, "U¶-YÙr TÙ˚Y S˚P Lt-\u] Gu A¶-´-Vp œfl-U-Ls B•V' Gu\ ˘RÙP-¨p A˚Uj-’s-[-˚U˚V A±-°u-˙\Ùm.""Ad œfl-U-Ls Cl- TÙ-›-’ T⁄-U-L-[Ù° Æh-P-’RÙu Gu-]Ùp R¨k-’- LÙs[ÿ•-V-Æp-˚X. Aj-R-˚LV A±‹ Ge-M-]m Yk-R˙RÙ'' Gu-˘\p-XÙm Gi¶AXUk-’ Y⁄k-’m Au-˚]-´u Au-◊-˚PV ˘Sg-Nm AY-˚[d œfl-U-LsGu\ ˘RÙP-WÙp œ±d-°u-\-’.
Cq-YÙ-fl Au-◊˚P ˘Sg-Nj-ßu Ti-◊-™dL Gi-Qe-L-˚[-Ÿm AYt-\Ùp˙RÙuflm ˘NVp-L-˚[-Ÿm Ne-Ll TÙPp-Ls A±-‹-flj-’m AZ˚L SÙm Al-TÙ-Pp-Ls ˘LÙi-” A±-V-ÿ-•-°-\-’. A˚Y EQo-Æu KÆ-Ve-L-[ÙL A˚Uk-’,˘Sg-£p G›m A˚X-˙VÙ-˚N-L-[ÙL Sm ˘NÆ-´p T”-°u-\-].
˛œflk˘RÙ˚Lf ˘NÙt˘TÙØ‹
123
@ NeL LÙX Ud-Ls CVt-˚L-˙VÙ-” C˚Vk-’ YÙrk-RÙo-L[Ù? Gu-T˚R ""Au-◊˚P
˘Sg-Nm'' Gu-fl Lh-”-˚W-´u ’˚Q ˘LÙi-” ÆYÙ-ßd-L.
@ ""˙UÙl-Td œ˚Z-Ÿm A≤f-Nm ÿLm-ß-¨k-’
˙SÙd-Ld œ˚Z-Ÿm Æ⁄k-’''
ClTÙP˚Xl T•j’ Au- \V Ud-L-∞u Æ⁄k- RÙm-Tp Ti-◊-Pu Cd-LÙX Æ⁄k-
˙RÙm-Tp Ti- T-Ÿm Jl-©h-”f ˘NÙt- TÙ-Ø‹ RVÙ- d-L.
˘NVpTÙ”Ls
124
C˚NŸm Y˚NŸm
TÙflTPl T˚\kR TpUÙfl U⁄e°u
˙YflT” œWX ˘YqYÙnd ·˚L˘VÙ”
©Qm ßu œflS¨ ®QmßLr TpX,
˙TGn UL∞o ©Qm RÔEl Tt±,
Æ[oFu ßu\ ˘Ym◊XÙp ˘UnVo
L[¨ U⁄e°u LÙp-˘T-Voj’ B•
DU Æ[d-°u ˘Y⁄YWl ˙T⁄m
LÙ” ÿu≤]˙W, SÙ” ˘LÙi ˙PÙ⁄m;
®]dœm Y⁄Rp ˚YLp At˙\
Y˚NŸm ®tœm; C˚NŸm ®tœm;
AR]Ùp, Y˚Nød° C˚N ˙Yi•Ÿm,
S˚N˙YiPÙ’ Sufl ˘UÙØk’m,
®X‹d ˙LÙh”l TXL∞t˘\Ù”,
˘TÙXmT˚PV UÙUVe°P,
C˚Z°[o ˘S”k˙Ro CWYXodœ
A⁄LÙ’,
"˘LÙs' G] Æ”˚Y B´u, ˘Ys˘[],
Bi-”ø ˘TVokR ©u-‡m
Di” ø” Æ[eœmø GnßV ◊L˙Z.
(◊\SÙÚfl, 359)
◊\SÙÚfl
NeL CXd°VUÙ] Gh”j˘RÙ˚L ËtLfis Jufl ◊\SÙÚfl. NeL CXd°VlTÙPpLs ALjß˚Ql TÙPpLs, ◊\jß˚Ql TÙPpLs G] CWiPÙLlTœdLlTh”s[]. ALlTÙPpLs CpX\YÙr‹ œ±jR’, LÙRp YÙr˚Yl TÙ”Y’.◊\jß˚Ql TÙPpLs Cp≠u ◊\j˙R ®L›m ◊\ J›dLm œ±jR’. ≈Wm,˘LÙ˚Pf£\l◊, ˘Yt±f£\l◊ œ±j’l TÙ”Y’. ◊\m Tt±V SÙÚfl TÙPpL∞u˘RÙœß˙V ◊\SÙÚfl. Sm TÙPlTœßVÙ] ◊\lTÙP≠u ß˚Q ˛ LÙg£, ’˚\ ˛˘T⁄eLÙg£. Ak’Yu ∏W˚]d LÙYhP]Ùo TÙ•V’.
G›YÙn
J⁄ YÙd°Vjßp A˚UŸm Æ˚]˚V /˘RÙØ˚X VÙo ˘NnRÙo ApX’ G’˘NnR’ GuTRtLÙ] Æ˚P˙VG›YÙn.C’ ˘T⁄mTÙ¤m YÙd°VjßuÿR≠p Y⁄m. G›YÙn ˘TVof˘NÙpXÙL˙Y C⁄dœm.G.”. LiQu LP‹˚[ YØThPÙu.
Ceœ YØT”Rp Gu\ Æ˚]˚V ApX’˘RÙØ˚X VÙo ˘NnRÙo Gufl Æ]Æ]ÙpLiQu Gu\ Tßp °˚Pdœm. G]˙YLiQu G›YÙn.
""VÙ˚] ◊≠˚Vd ˘LÙu\’'' -˛ GuTßp˘LÙu\’ G’ Gufl ˙LhPÙp VÙ˚]Gufl Tßp °˚Pdœm. Ceœ VÙ˚]G›YÙn.
125
Uu-]u ˘T⁄˚UUu-]u ˘T⁄˚UUu-]u ˘T⁄˚UUu-]u ˘T⁄˚UUu-]u ˘T⁄˚U
Y˚W U⁄fim EVo ˙RÙu\X
Æ˚] SÆu\ ˙To VÙ˚]
£]m £\k’ L[u EZdL‹m
UÙ G”jR U≠œÏEj ’Ls
ALp YÙ]j’ ˘Y´p LWlT‹m
YÙm T¨V L”k ßi˙Ro
LÙtfl Gu]d L•’ ˘RÙhT‹m
Y[m ™œ U\ ˚UkRo
˙RÙs ÿ˚\VÙu ≈fl ÿt\‹m
C⁄˘T⁄ ˙YkR˘WÙ” ˙Y∞o NÙVl
˘TÙ⁄’ AY˚Wf ˘N⁄˘Yuflm
CXeœ A⁄ÆV Y˚W økß
—Wm ˙TÙrkR CLp Bt\p
EVok’ Ke°V Æ›f £\l©u
®Xm RkR ˙To ERÆ
˘TÙXkRÙo UÙo©u ˘S•˙VÙu!
(46 ˛ 61 )
˙TÙ¨p AØkR T˚LYo SÙ”
Efl ˘NflSo ◊Xm ◊dœ AYo
L• LÙÆu ®˚X ˘RÙ˚Xf£
CØ◊ A±VÙl ˘T⁄kRi T˚Q
œÏEd ˘LÙ•V G¨ ˙UV
SÙ” G‡m ˙To LÙ” BL
B ˙NkR YØ UÙ ˙NlT
Fo C⁄kR YØ TÙr BL
CXeœ Y˚[ UP Ue˚LVo
®˚XVÙ˚U
TV≤˚X
G›YÙn Gu] ˘NnRÙoApX’ Gu] ˘NnR’ Gu\
˙LsÆdœ Æ˚PVÙL Y⁄Y’TV≤˚X.
LiQu Gu] ˘NnRÙu?YØThPÙu
VÙ˚] Gu] ˘NnR’.˛˘LÙu\’.
G]˙Y YØThPÙu, ˘LÙu\’GuT˚Y TV≤˚X B´t].
TV≤˚X ˘T⁄mTÙ¤mYÙd°Vjßu Cflß´p Y⁄m. A’Æ˚]f ˘NÙpXÙL˙Y(ÿtfl Æ˚]/
Æ˚]ÿtfl) C⁄dœm.
˘NVlT”˘TÙ⁄s
TV≤˚Xf ˘NÙp¤Pu VÙ˚WApX’ G˚R Gufl Æ]Æ]Ùp
°˚Pdœm Tß˙X ˘NVlT”˘TÙ⁄s.LiQu LP‹˚[ YØThPÙu
GuTßp VÙ˚W YØThPÙu Gufl˙LhPÙp LP‹˚[ Gufl Tßp
°˚Pdœm. VÙ˚] ◊≠˚Vd ˘LÙu\’
126
’Qe˚L Am∫oj RÔE U\lT
A˚Y C⁄kR ˘T⁄m ˘TÙß´p
L˚Y A•d L” ˙SÙdLj’l
˙Tn UL∞o ˘TVo◊ BP
AQeœ YZeœm ALp BeLi
®˚Xj’ Btflm œÔEl ◊RÆu
AWk˚Rl ˘Ti•o C˚]kR]o ALY
˘LÙ›m TßV œ• ˙Rm-©f
˘N›e ˙L∞o ®Zp ˙NW
˘S”SLo ≈rkR L¨ œßol Ts∞d
œ”™d ·˚L œWÙ˘XÙ” ÿWX
L›øo ˘TÙ≠kR Li ALu ˘TÙn˚L
L∞flUÙn N⁄kߢVÙ” Li◊ AUufl FoRW
SpHo SPkR S˚N NÙp Æ˚[ YVp
TpU´ol ©Q˘YÙ” ˙LZp EL[
YÙZÙ˚U´u YØRYd ˘Lh”
TÙr B´] ®u T˚LYo ˙RGm.
(152 ˛ 175)
®˚X-VÙ- U˚V EQoj-Rp
EVo-®˚X EX-Lm A™r-˘RÙ” ˘T±-‡m
˘TÙn ˙Ni øe-°V YÙn Sh-©-˚]˙V
ÿZe-œm LPp H¶ UXo-R˚X EX-L-˘UÙ”
EVokR ˙RGjR Æ›-™-˙VÙo Y¨-‡m
T˚L-Yodœ Ag-£l T¶k’ J›-L-˚X˙V
˘Ru◊X U⁄e-°u Æi” ®˚\V
YÙQu ˚YjR Æ›®ß ˘T±-‡m
TØ-S-Udœ G›L Gu-]Ùn Æ›®ß
DRp Es-[-˙UÙ” C˚N ˙Yh-œ- ˚Y˙V
Au-]Ùn ®u-˘]Ù” ÿu-≤˚X GY˙]Ù
˘LÙu Jufl °[d-œ-Yp A”-˙TÙo Ai-Qp
˙Lh-•£u YÙØ ˘L”L ®u AY-Xm
˘LPÙ’ ®˚X-C-Vo ®u˙Ni Æ[eœ Sp-C˚N
(197 ˛ 209)
GuTßp G˚Rd ˘LÙu\’ Gufl˙LhPÙp ◊≠˚V G]l Tßp°˚Pdœm.G]˙Y Ceœd LP‹s,◊≠ B°V˚Y ˘NVlT”˘TÙ⁄sB´t].˘NVlT”˘TÙ⁄s˘T⁄mTÙ¤m G›YÙndœmTV≤˚Xdœm C˚P˙V A˚UŸm.C’‹m ˘TVof˘NÙpXÙL˙YC⁄dœm. CR‡Pu ˙Ytfl˚U E⁄◊C˚Qk˙RÙ C˚QVÙU˙XÙ YWXÙm.
LiQu LP‹˚[ YØThPÙuGuTßp LP‹s Gu\ ˘TV⁄Pu "I'Gu‡m ˙Ytfl˚U E⁄◊ C˚Qk’LP‹˚[ G] YkR’.
LiQu ≈” Lh•]Ùu GuTßp≈h˚P G] YW˙Yi•V’˙Ytfl˚U E⁄◊ ˘T\ÙUp ≈” G]YkR’.
GpXÙ YÙd°VeL∞¤m ˘NVlT”˘TÙ⁄s C⁄dL ˙Yi”m Gu\LhPÙVm Cp˚X. ˘NVlT”˘TÙ⁄sCpXÙU¤m YÙd°VeLsA˚UVXÙm.
LiQu TÙPm T•jRÙu˛˘NVlT”˘TÙ⁄s (TÙPm) Ei”.
LiQu T•jRÙu.˛˘NVlT”˘TÙ⁄s Cp˚X.
˙RÙu\Ù G›YÙn
G›YÙn CpXÙU¤m YÙd°VeLsA˚UVXÙm.
G.”. ≈h˚Pd Lh•]Ùu GuT’ J⁄YÙd°Vm. B]Ùp Cßp G›YÙnCp˚X CqYÙfl Y⁄Y˚Rj ˙RÙu\ÙG›YÙn GuTo.
127
T⁄k’ T\d-Lp-XÙl TÙo-Yp TÙN-˚\l
T”-Li ÿW-Nm LÙ˚X CVmT
˘Y•-T-Pd LPk’ ˙Yi” ◊Xj’ CfljR
T˚]-˘L› ˘T⁄k-ß-\p Tp-˙Yp Uu-]o
L˚W ˘TÙ⁄’ CWe-œm L˚[ C⁄ ÿk-øoj
ß˚W C” UQ-≠-‡m TX˙W E˚W ˘NX
UXo-R˚X EX-Lm Bi” LØk- ˙RÙ˙W!
(231 ˛ 237)
˛U’˚WdLÙg£
˛ UÙe-œ-• U⁄-R-]Ùo
@ ˙TÙ¨-]Ùp Ht-T-”m æ˚U-L-˚[d œ±j-’d LXk-’-˚W-VÙ-•d œ±l◊ RVÙo˘NnL.
@ ˙TÙ¨-]Ùp Ht-T”m æ˚U-Ls œ±j-’ Ud-Ls Uj-ß-´p ÆØl-◊-Qo‹ Ht-T-”j-’-
YRt-LÙL J⁄ -T-PdLi-LÙh£ SPj-’-L.
@ ÆØl◊Qo‹ ÿLÙ™u NÙoTÙL SPjRlT”m L⁄jRWeLjßp TÙ⁄m NUÙRÙ]ÿm
Gu‡m R˚Xl©p L⁄jReLd Lh”˚W RVÙo ˘NnL.
@ C˚Q-Vj-ßu ER-Æ-Ÿ-Pu Gh-”j- RÙ- L, Tj-’l-TÙh-” Ëp-L- [l Tt-±V Nn-ß-
L˚[f NL- j-’ ALm, ◊\m G] Y˚Ll-T-”j-ß-Ÿs-[-Ru LÙW-Qe-L- [d œ±j’d
LXk-’-˚W-VÙ-”-L.
U’˚WdLÙg£
R˚XVÙXeLÙ]j’f ˘N⁄˘Yu\ TÙi•Vu ˘S”g˘NØV‡dœd LÙg£VÙ°V
®˚XVÙ˚U J›dLj˚Rd ·±V TÙPp, Tj’lTÙh”s Jufl, CR˚]l TÙ•VYo
NeLl◊XYo R˚XYWÙ] UÙeœ• U⁄R]Ùo. Tj’lTÙh•p 782 A•L˚[ E˚PV øiP
TÙPp C’RÙu. G]˙Y RÙu C’ ˘T⁄œ Y[U’˚WdLÙg£ G]f £\l©dLl˘Tt\’.
ClTÙPp CWiPÙ´Wm Bi”Lfidœ ÿtThP U’˚W˚Vf £jߨd°\’. A˙RÙ”
TÙi•Vu T˚P˘V”l◊, ˙TÙo ®Lrf£Ls, T˚L SÙ”L˚[l TÙZÙdœRp, ˙YkRo
G›Y˚W Yt± LÙs[p, Uu]≤u Bh£f £\l◊ TÙu\Yt˚\Ÿm Æ[dœ°u\’.
˘NVpTÙ”Ls
128
—P-˘WÙ∞
Y Y Y Y Y ß⁄dœ\s
J›dLjßu Gn’Yo ˙Uu˚U C›dLjßu
Gn’m GnRÙl TØ
˘RÙhP˚]j Áflm UQt˙L¶ UÙkRodœd
Lt\˚]j Áflm A±‹
AØÆp A˚Y ød° Bfl Enj RØÆu Li
ApXp EZlTRÙm Sh◊
A\
CXd°VeLs
YYYYYß⁄dœ\s
zzzzz£fl-TgNÍXm
uuuuuSÙX-•-VÙo
SSSSSTZ- UÙØ
mmmmmC≤-V˚Y SÙt-T’
BBBBBHXÙß
qqqqqߨ-L-”-Lm
vvvvvSÙu-U-¶dL•˚L
ß⁄dœ\s
Tߢ]i ∏rdLQdœ ËtLfisJufl. EXLl˘TÙ’U˚\ Gufl˙TÙt\T”m A\Ëp. TÙY˚LVÙp˘TVo ˘Tt\’. TX˘UÙØL∞¤m˘UÙØ˘TVodLlTh”s[’.
A˚NG›j’L[Ùp BdLlTh”f ∫⁄dœ EfllTÙLY⁄Y’ A˚N G]lT”m. C’ CWi”Y˚LlT”m. 1. ˙SW˚N 2. ®˚WV˚N
∫oJ⁄ A˚N R≤VÙL‹m CWi”m CWi”dœ˙UXÙLj ˘RÙPok’m Y⁄Y’ ∫o. SÙuœA˚NLs Y˚W´¤m J⁄ ∫WÙL A˚UY’i”.
R˚[®u\∫¨u Cflß A˚NŸPu Y⁄m ∫¨uÿRX˚N Jufl˙TÙX ApX’ UÙflTh”Y⁄Y’ R˚[ G]lT”m.
A•˙Ut·±V R˚[Ls Juflm TX‹m ˙Nok’Y⁄Y’ A•.
˘RÙ˚PTX A•L∞¤m TX ∫oL∞¤m G›j’LsJufl ˙TÙp Y⁄Y’ ˘RÙ˚P Bœm. C’G’˚Lj ˘RÙ˚P ˙UÙ˚]j ˘RÙ˚P G]C⁄Y˚LlT”m.
129
SÙX•VÙoSÙuœ A•L˚[Ÿ˚PV
TÙPpL∞u ˘RÙœl◊ RÙu CkËp.NUQÿ≤YoLs G›ßV 400TÙPpL∞u ˘RÙœl◊. C˚Rl
©tLÙXjßp T’U]Ùo Gu\ ◊XYoß⁄dœ\˚[l ˙TÙp A\m (13) ˘TÙ⁄s (24)
CuTm (3) G] ÿlTÙpL[ÙL SÙtT’AßLÙWeL∞p Yœj’l TÙœTÙ”
˘NnRÙo. ®˚XVÙ˚U Tt±V TÙPpLs™œß. ˘NpYm ®˚XVÙ˚U, C[˚U
®˚XVÙ˚U, VÙd˚L ®˚XVÙ˚UCYt˚\d ·±V ©u◊
C˚Y LÙWQUÙL Æ˚WÆp A\m˘NnL G]d ·fl°\’.
£fl-Tg-N-Í-Xm
Ck-Ëp 104 TÙPp-L˚[ E˚P-V-’.B£-¨-Vo LÙ¨-VÙ-NÙu. °.-©. 5 Bm Ët-
\Ùi-•p YÙrk-R-Yo.
z z z z z £fl-TgN ÍXm
œ[m ˘RÙh” LÙ‹ Tßj’ YØ ∫j’
E[m ˘RÙh” E›-Y-Vp Bd°, Y[m ˘RÙh-”l
TÙœ-T-”m °Qt-˙\Ù” Gufl C˚Y TÙt-T-”j-RÙu
Hœm ˘NÙod-Lm C≤-’.
u u u u u SÙX-•-VÙo
˘TÙt-L-Xj-’l ˘TnR ◊≠ E°o YÙi ◊›d-Lp
Ad-LÙ-Wm TÙ˙XÙ” AU-WÙo ˚Lj’ Ei-P-≠u
El◊ C≠l ◊t-˚L, E´o-˙TÙp °˚[-Oo-UÙh”
Gd LXj-RÙ-‡m C≤-’.
v v v v v SÙu-U-¶d L•˚L
Cu-]Ù˚U ˙Yi-•u CW‹ G›L! Ck ®Xj’
Uu-‡-Rp ˙Yi-•u C˚N S”L! Ru--˘]Ù”
˘Np-Y’ ˙Yi-•u A\m ˘NnL! ˘Yp-Y’
˙Yi-•u ˘Yœ∞ ÆPp
ߨ-L-”-Lm
LP-‹s YÙrj-’ Eh-TP 101 TÙPp-Ls ˘LÙi-P-’. CRu B£-¨-Vo
Sp-XÙ-R-]Ùo. BRu Gu-‡m ˘TVo NeLLÙXj-’ CVt-˘T-Vo-L-∞p Ju-fl. CYo
ß⁄-˘Sp-˙Y≠ UÙYh-Pj-’j ß⁄j-’ Gu-‡m F¨-]o. °.-©. 5˛-Bm Ët-\Ùi-˚Pf
NÙok-R-Yo.
q q q q q ß -L-”-Lm
Li-‘dœ A¶-L-Xm Li-˙QÙh-Pm; LÙÿt\
˘Ti-‘dœ A¶-L-Xm SÙi E˚P˚U; Si-‘m
Ufl-˚Udœ A¶-L-Xm LpÆ ˛ Cm Íu-flm
œ±-Ÿ-˚P-VÙo Li˙Q E[.
SÙuU¶dL•˚LSÙuœ SYU¶L[Ùp BV
L›jßp A¶Ÿm BTWQm GuT’˘TÙ⁄s. U]jßp ˘LÙsfim A¶VÙL
SÙuU¶dL•˚L Es[’. SÙuœU¶VÙ] L⁄j’dL˚[ Jq˘YÙ⁄
TÙP≠¤m ˘LÙi”s[’. CkË≠uB£¨Vo Æ[m©SÙL]Ùo. CYo LÙXm
°.©. SÙuLÙm Ët\Ùi”. CkË≠p™˚Ll TÙPpLs ÍuflhTP 104
˘YiTÙdLs Es[]. ß⁄dœ\sL⁄j’dLfim CPm˘Ttfls[].
130
S S S S S TZ- UÙØ
RÙVÙ-‡m Rk-˚R-VÙ-XÙ-‡m ™L‹ Cu±
YÙ-´u ¡d·-fl-U-Yo-L˚[ Hj-’-Rp
˙SÙn Cufl G≤‡m A”l-©u L˚P ÿPe-œm
SÙ˚Vl ◊≠-VÙm G]p
TZ˘UÙØJq˘YÙ⁄ TÙP≠¤m J⁄ TZ˘UÙØ˚VŸmA˚Uj’l TÙPl˘Tt\ Ëp. C’ SÙÚfl˘YiTÙdL˚[Ÿ˚PV’. ß⁄dœ\s,SÙX•VÙo ˙TÙufl UßdLl˘Tflm Ëp.CkË˚X CVt±VYo ÿufl˚\A˚WV]Ùo.
HXÙßLP-‹s YÙrj-’-Pu 81 TÙPp-L˚[ E˚PV øß-Ëp. B£-¨-Vo L¶R ˙URÙ-Æ-VÙo. CYo RmË≠p ˘LÙp-XÙ-˚U, ◊XÙ-¤i-QÙ˚U ÿR-≠VA\e-L˚[ Y≠-Ÿ-flj-’-Y-’ ˙TÙp, G∞-˙VÙod-œEQ-‹m E˚P-Ÿm YZe-œ-Y-Ru £\l˚T G”j-’- Wd-°-\Ùo. ˙U¤m Cp-X-\m, ’\-Y-\m, ≈”- T-flB°V Íu-˚\-Ÿm £\l-©j-’l TÙ•-Ÿs-[Ùo.
B B B B B HXÙßLPm Th-PÙo LÙl◊ Cp-XÙo ˚Lj’ Cp-XÙo Rm-LÙp
ÿPm Th-PÙo Íj-RÙo Íl◊ Cp-XÙodœ EPm-Th”
E˚P-V-WÙn Cp-¤s Fi Dj’ Ei-TÙo ˛ Ui-˙Up
T˚P-V-WÙn YÙr-YÙo T´u-fl.
m m m m m C≤-V˚Y SÙt-T’
œZÆ R[o S˚P LÙi-Pp C≤˙R
AYo UZ˚X ˙Lh-Pp A™r-ßu C≤˙R
Æ˚]Ÿ-˚P-VÙu Yk’ A˚Pk’ ˘Yn’ Eflm ˙TÙr’
U]u Ag-NÙu BLp C≤-’.
C≤V˚Y SÙtT’
C≤V L⁄j’dL˚[d ·flm SÙtT’˘YiTÙdL˚[ E˚PV’ CkËp. CRuB£¨Vo U’˚Wj R™ZÙ£¨Vo UL]ÙoÈRg˙NkR]Ùo. Tߢ]i∏rdLQdœËtL[Ù] A\ CXd°VeLfis Jufl.
@ Lp-Æ, J›d-Lm, Sh◊ B°V A\d-L-⁄j-’d-L˚[ Y≠-Ÿ-flj-’m TÙPp-L˚[l Tß-
˘]i-∏rd-L-Qd-œ Ët-L-∞-≠-⁄k-’ ßWh-•d LXk-’-˚W-VÙ-”-L.
@ œZk-˚R-Ls ß]j-˚R-˘VÙh-• Yœl-©p ˘Y∞-´-”m UX-⁄d-LÙL "YÙr-‹m C≤-
˚U-Ÿm' Gu\ R˚Xl-©p A\-Ëp-L-∞u ’˚Q- LÙi-” £fl-Lh-”˚W RVÙo ˘Nn-L.
131
@ YÙr˚Y ˙Um-T-”jR ER-‹-Y-’ A\ CXd-°-V-UÙ? Tdß CXd-°-V-UÙ?
ÆYÙßd-L.
@ ClTÙP≠u ’˚Q ˘LÙi” Tߢ]i∏rdLQdœ ËpL˚[ Y¨˚Nl
T”j’L.
""SÙX• SÙuU¶ SÙ]ÙtT’ Ikß˚QÿlTÙpL”Lm ˙LÙ˚Y TZ˘UÙØ ˛ UÙÍXmCu≤˚XV LÙg£ŸPu HXÙß GuT˙Y˚Lk®˚XV YÙe∏rd LQdœ.''
C ""A⁄˘[u‡m Au¿u œZÆ ˘TÙ⁄˘[u‡m˘NpYf ˘NÆ≠VÙp Ei”''
A⁄ ˛ ®˚W˘[u ˛ ˙So‡m ˛ ˙SoAu ˛ ˙So¿u ˛ ˙SoœZ ˛ ®˚W≠ ˛ ˙So˘TÙ⁄ ˛ ®˚W˘[u ˛ ˙So‡m ˛ ˙So˘Np ˛ ˙SoYf ˛ ˙So˘NÆ ˛ ®˚W≠VÙp ˛ ®˚WEi” ˛ LÙ—
C’ ˙TÙufl J⁄ œ\hTÙ˚Y A˚N, ∫o©¨j’ G›ß YW‹m
C ""L⁄eLh RÙdL˚X ˘T⁄m©±’ Et˘\]˚Lm˚U EnVÙd LÙUo UkßLpXÙ YuT\r °˚[ÿRp ˙NojßKeœY˚W A”dLj’l TÙnk’ E´o ˘NœdœmNÙWp SÙP! S”SÙsYÙWp; YÙØ˙VÙ! Y⁄k’m VÙ˙U!''
(œfl. 69)ClTÙP≠p Y⁄m T•Uj˚Rd LiP±k’ G›’L.
C T•Um, œ±¬” ˘Y∞lT”m TÙPpL˚[j ˘RÙœdL.
132
AdLÙWm ˛ NodL˚W
Ag£ ˛ TVk’
Ah•p ˛ EQ‹
AQeœ ˛ Af—flj’m ˘Ti
AWk˚R ˛ ’uTm
A¨˚Y ˛ ˘Ti
AYXm ˛ ’uTm
ApXp ˛ ’uTm
Bfl ˛ YØ
C˚N ˛ ◊Lr, Jj’d˘LÙs
C˚Z ˛ BTWQm, Ëp
CXeœRp ˛ J∞Æ”Rp
D˚L ˛ ˘LÙ˚P
E°o ˛ SLm
Fu ˛ UÙ™Nm
G´fl ˛ Tp
GqYm ˛ ’uTm
Jp° ˛ ˙NÙo‹tfl
Jp˚X ˛ Æ˚W‹
Jp¤Rp ˛ EPuT”Rp
J›e∏]m ˛ J›e°u˚U
Lu]p ˛ L⁄m◊
Lß ˛ YØ, ◊L≠Pm
L¨ ˛ VÙ˚]
L[¨ ˛ EYo®Xm
L∞fl ˛ VÙ˚]
LÙ ˛ ˙NÙ˚X
°˚[Oo ˛ E\Æ]o
œZÆ ˛ œZk˚R
˚LÎh” ˛ CXgNm
˘LÙQW ˛ ˘LÙi”YW
^LXm ˛ ÿ›Y’m
N≠l◊ ˛ ˙NÙo‹
ALWÿR≠
˘NflSo ˛ T˚LYo
˙Nn ˛ œZk˚R
’°p ˛ B˚P
’Qe˚L ˛ J⁄ Y˚L ·j’
˙Rm- - ˙RNm
S≤ ˛ ™œß
®Qm ˛ ˘LÙ›l◊, UÙ™Nm
®TkR˚] ˛ Lh”lTÙ”
˘S• ˛ £pYi”
TRo ˛ TV≤u˚U
◊XÙp ˛ C˚\f£
◊›dLp ˛ ˙NÙfl
T\r ˛ œh•
◊t˚L ˛ Lg£, ˙NÙfl
◊u]˚L ˛ ◊u£¨l◊
˘TÙ⁄’ ˛ ˙TÙ¨h”
UR˚X ˛ œZk˚R
Ukß ˛ ˘TiœWeœ
U⁄fiRp ˛ TVlT”Rp
U\˚UkRo ˛ ≈Wo
UÙkRo ˛ UdLs
ÿ°p ˛ ˙ULm
˙U‹Rp ˛ A˚PRp
˘UÙn G›’Rp ˛ Su˘LÙ˚P A∞jRp
Y˚N ˛ TØ
Y±VÙo ˛ CpXÙRYo
Æ›™˙VÙo ˛ £\kRYo
Æ[o ˛ ˘YhLm
˘Yœ∞ ˛ ˙LÙTm
˙Yh˚L ˛ B˚N, Æ⁄lTm
˙Y∞o ˛ œfl®X Uu]o
˚YLp ˛ ReœRp, Æ•VtLÙXm