Union In Peril, The Civil War (1861-1865)

The States Take Sides…

To Preserve The Union S.C. succeeds, no legal means to leave the union

Ft Sumter attacked, April 12th, 1861

Lincoln sees this an act of treason / rebellion

State Militias formed, Habeas Corpus (right to trial) suspended

The Union Gears Up

Clay’s (Hamilton’s) American System

vs.

Jefferson’s Pastoral System

North; Union Army South; Confederate Army

Game Plans

Naval Blockade to cut off South

Use of Industry to outlast South

Divide, Conquer, and Occupy rebellious states.

Keep Attacking until North losses the will to fight.

Seek aid from England Cotton trade seen as critical

Prevent Northern Advances South, Take D.C.

Ulysses S. Grant Robert E. Lee

Top Players…

Bit of a “wild card”, Indian fighter

Appointed head of army in 1864

Total War (destroy everything)

Skilled Tactician

Believed in fast, hard-hitting attacks

Focused on trying to knock-out D.C.

Major Battles… Battle at Gettysburg

Gettysburg Pennsylvania Furthest advance north of Lee’s army Over 46,000 killed, wounded or MIA in three days

First decisive victory in for the Union Gettysburg Address Lee’s army defeated, beginning of the end for CSA

Other battles: map

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/lifestyle/special/civil-war-interactive/civil-war-battles-and-casualties-interactive-map/

Gettysburg Address

1863

Lincoln used the victory to reassure the country that the “Union shall not parish from the earth”.

Dedication of a military cemetery

The speaker before Lincoln spoke for over 2 hours…. Lincoln, only a few minutes…

Emancipation Proclamation! 1863

Freed all slaves in rebellious states (not in the north where slavery was still legal however)

185,000 freed slaves fought for the union

While not a law, framed the war in a new moral context

Wars End (1865) Lee Surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse

Most of the southern resistance vanishes

Over 1,147,954 killed in action, thousands more killed by infection/ sickness.