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The Lambadas: A Community BesiegedA study on the reinquishment or Wr.bada girl babies ill South Tebnpna

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GitaRam~y

Bhangya Bhukya

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f'I'Iototrophs ; Bh>.n.t Bhuslwl

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Smt. S. SARASWATIn"'INI~II POk WOMIlN AND

CtflI..D WELl'AJUlo

M-ESSAG~

"fONl:'.9: ]01$4661 (01)4.!O1l1 (0) Enn. ~10

HYDI!.IlAHo\D

I am very happy to know that the Department of Women Development

and Chltd Welfare In collaboration with UNICEF has commissioned a study to

analyze the Issues of gender d'fSParity and the status of the girl child in the

Lambada community.

The recent trends in the state with regard to a decline In sex ratio,

violence agai~ girls and women, and the low rate of literacy among women and

girls are areas or concem. The Government of Andhra Pradesh Is committed to

fulfilling the rights of an children and is seeking to ensure that the more

vulnerable sections of society including girls are able to access their rights to the

fullest extent

I am sure that !tlIs study will provide valuable insights Into the issues

affecting Lambada women and children. Many important facts are presented in

this report and the information gleaned by the researchers is insightful,

provocative and useful in de'..eloping meaningful policy responses. In

cooperation with voluntary organizations, community groups and others I am

sure that positive action will emerge based on the recommendations of this

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etr~l\."h:(s.SARAsVlAnirf .

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Dr. S. CHEl lAPPA, IAS,.

SECRETARY TO GOVEROllAEOlTOOo/ERNMOlT Of A/O¥lA. PRAOESH

Foreword

nlled

Oepartment 01 Women DevelopmeChild Wellare & Olsabled Wella,A.P. Secretariat. Hyderabad· 500 022flJ; 3456852 (O}. 3450008 (Fax),

3545828 (RI

Dated; 14-12-2001.

I am happy to know that the Department of Women Developmentand Child Welfare in collaboration with UNICEF has commissioned astudy on the status of the Girl Child in North Telengana with' a focus ontheir relinquishment and sale. The study analyzes the multi-faceteddimension of the problem and delves into the issues of genderdiscrimination, vulnerability of lribal groups to the onslaught ofmainstream culture and the dismal conditions of basic services andlivelihoods leading to several negative factors that impact women and girlsincluding new born.

The Government is committed to fulfilling the Rights of the Childas enshrined in the V.N. Convention and reiterated in the Vision 2020document.

The Department will undertake a systematic follow up of therecommendations made available in the study.

This document is a timely and useful tool for infonnation on issuesaffecting the Larnbada community and will evoke· interests from theacademics, NGOs, other government departments and the Tribalsthemselves..

I thank the State Office of UNICEF, Hyderabad for the cooperationand support, the Djrector of Women Development and Child Welfare, Ms.Shalini Mishnl, for her relentless action and interest on this issue.

(Dr. S. CHELLAPPA)

nice' @nilM ~'ations Children's Fund

Preface

HYOEAABAO FIELD OFFICE865. Street No.19Himay.lMaOi"Hydefabad·500 029

Tel: 3225832/3225864Cable : UNICEF Hyderabad

I am happy 10 OOle Ihat the Department ofWomcn ami Child Development AndhraPradesh. has commissioned this study 10 undertake an in-depth analysis ofsocio­economIc "ariables, Cullurilllrcnds and practices that cOO1ributc "0 neglect, sale andrelinquisllmcm of girl children in some Lambada communities.

This sludy is an analysis and reflection orlhe various factors that Slifle lhe growth ofwomen and children in Ihe Lambada communities. These include a host ofcomplex andilller.related variables: deleterious impact of mainstream culture, commcfcializ.alion ofadoption, dOIHY, poverty. and paucity ofbasic saeial services. This study"slronglyrecommends the implemcntation of an integrated time-bound development programprei:eded by a community mobilization prngrnmrne lliat actively involves L.ambadas.

An array of sensitive issues are explored in this study. I fecI that the issues raised arcdone so in the spirit of cnsuring issues arc clearly articulated and that issues ofneglei:t,sale and relinquishment ~re addressed.

UNICEF is pleased that the Department of Women's Development and Child Welfarecommissioned this report and hope that, in co-ordination with othcrconcemeddepartments. NCOs and the Lambada communities. that the issues raised will beaddressed in a long-term and sustainable manner. Community-based npproaches shouldcomplement state-led initiatives to ensure that children arc raised in a safe and securehome environment where children are not separated from their pnel1ts except whencompetent authorities deem such separation in the best interests of the child.

[ would like to extend my thanks Mr. S.P. Singh, the then Secretary of Women and ChildDevelopment. Ms Shalini Mislua. Director Womcm and Child Development, Ms.GitllRam8Swamy and her colleagues for their uonlEllnll: enthusiasm and commitment, andmy colleague Ms Sudha Murali for her co-ordination efforts. I would also like to extendmy sincere appreciation to Mr. S. R. Sankaran IAS for graciously agreeing to head theAdvisory Committee and for guiding the process.

I am cenain that this report will not only evoke response but Ilso facilitate constlUCtiveaction to addr~ the issues identified.

Wil1iam ThompsonState Representative

Elementary Education· The Right of Every Child

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Acknowledgements

It Is Imponible to adequately thank all the people who made this document a

reality. Tremendou~ and generous conuibutions We!"l! made by people who putaside time [0 help us with contacting peopl". to discuss grey arus, I!ld to review

chapters, We thank the Lambada Hakkula PO~C1 Samlth~ MV Founlbtion and

CARPED for unnintingly putting their activists to wart. on the survey. and lwiddng

them up with support. We thank all chI) people we intO!l'Viewed who gave us so

much of their time. We thank S.R.Sankar.1ll, R.srivats3ll, K.lllah, M,Kodandaram.

Veena Shavughna. JayantJ. Jhurnur L and WiIliam Thompson for critical comments,K.Anji Reddy who ,uide<! us through me mue of data entry and interpretation,

Narender of Pnpti Art Ptimers for the design and li.yout of the book, La.llma Iyer.

F.D.Vakll and M.Sashi Kumar for critical helpwlth data interpreation and comments.Anveshi for a bro.id interaction of ~wt, the Oepartmena of Tribal Welfare, and

Women and Child Welf.1re for senerously sharing information.~nd inslghu with us,

Dechu Banerji for continuously answering our myriad queries with patience, and

$udha Murali of UNICEF who was illw:ays aVilililble for discussion 0111 through the

three monthL

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Table or Contents

Hethodol0f)'

Introductlon/Outfine

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The twili&ht world 01 adoptian aaencinWhat went wrorlI

How I..amtwW IM! - in the modem Stone Age

How does dowry work arTlOlll the umbadu

The politics of gender in Everycb)' Lambacb Ufe

Chanling cultural patterns

Ctw1Je is possible:The sliver Ilnlnt: on the dovd

What needs to be done

Appendix

Quution~

Unoln.oou

Consolidated and district-wise rault of che sunoey

Map of d'le iIIJected MmdIb

GIouvy

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MethodologyAt the 'iUY OUt5e[, it seemed Imporoln[, m..t the P' obIem be 'Iiewed from the Lamt>a.da.C~I penpec:tiYe.Vfewi"l it from the outSide would lo.e u. che ',mall vok..... from within the community thu could by bare thecompll!lritie:s old... problem. This _. P3rtiCU!arly SO as the reporu from the newsp~P"rs Ilfltfy toncenll1ltedon the fact of I..2mbadu 'cMn&:' lip or '.emog' their cl" babla, &I1d adoption a,encieJ commerd~llilli thecn.ns.J.ction. and uealinc blbles as commodities. If lamt>a.du we", cM"lup their bablel, we f!;,d to underst=dwhy they were doing so IOOltutnpl' to uooenund thelr",tiorWe and coping Itn.{~•. We pllnn'd to dothe .wdy from twO angles:

I. A survey of all women in the IS.SS years age croup In the four hith-lndder.u: MVldals 01 Bllbnigar• (MehboobNpr). Chandampec (NIIIOf'Ida), Peddemul (Ranga~dy) and Sh~mpet (Medik). The survC)'

would noc only uy to touch upon the Inclde!>ce of relinquishment of tin blbl......net-ownershlp ,nclpoverty, KCess to gove. institutloo. and welfare prognmrnes. g<=nder prejudice.. the probl<!m of dowf'y.etc. Ac:con!in&ly. we approlched varlou. orpniution. ac:ti~ in the respective ar..... Co enlin theircOOjH!....oon.' A t:oaI Of 57 Inv"nlptors. almost all from the Lambada community were .elected, wdtraining held In Hyde...bad to discus. the questionnaire and -)'1 to admInlster it.

2. focus groups diKllsslons with larr'bada women, community. local GDYt. officlils' were held to ,et apkrnre of the problems. As _ pro<:eeded to visit the thandu, canied on the JUrvey and met variouspeople. It btQme Incre.ui<1&!Y cIaI- that it wu a demand-driven slwacion. The Lambadu were respondingto a demand from OU(JIde,. They were not simply gMng up or Jelling their ~rI babies. Acenu of adoptionagencies were roamlni thlnd.. ceiling them their clrl babieJ would have a bener turnre e1sewt1ere. It wuonly then that we decided we had to meet people from the adoption agencla as _11 as monltorin,agendes. We met adoption agencies concerned. Govt. and police official, and me CAM (Cen~1

Adoption R.aoUIU Ajency) Member-Secreeary. The CS(OO) Andh.... P...desh. which i. in charce ofthe investigadon, refused co discun. uylng thlt the matter wu under Investigation. but tu Kamaakacoumerpare was extremely cooperative. In .11 these discussiom (with adoption agencies). we Inuredmem that we would not quote th..... and that we would protect their Identitie.; otherwise it wouldhave been difficult to find how the babies who were surrendered by their mothers were Qken Intoadoption through a commercial tranuetion. Wrthout this coopen.tion, we could aka have not understoodhow exac:dy the fine edte 01 the law and ....riou. coure ",Iin", and CAM cuidelinl!$ tlad been violated.'La~rs' as well as a fanner Higtl Coure Iustic<!'. generously shared their perceptions with uL

1. We tlave also recorded Slven.llnterviews with Larnbadi women. Thts h.. been crvclal to the l,wenigadon.both to locate gender bsues at the core of the community. and to record wllat the wornen felt aboutvarious issues affectlnl the community.

Undoubtedly, In the lhore span of three months allowed. both to tnin investipton for tile JUrvey and toengage with the problems It the level of thand•• adoption "C""C)'. enforument procedures. kM been fartoo shore to address the prablems in lU toU.l complexity. We pl...d with DIM" r...d.... CO reali.e thi' andfDrJive UI OUr shoru:ominp and erron 01 judge:lTI<!nc.

n.. l.ombad> Hold<ull ......... s.._ oIIoRd '0 hoIp .. <ho IloIan>p- ond Ch>ncI>"""" ._.. MV -...,., oI!...<d :0 I'OIJIIo tMP-.. _l .... CARPED 10 SIlOIompo< ......

,.,11.0. MOO. PHC doctor. AN"'. poI;.. oIr",laIi

NCO. Io1<e~ lIamunal '"""" ..".",.., C"""'""'" in their- Iu_ "'"0'Wl( tM~..._- .........Subromanll 11_ ond G1'W>ohar

, /u.""" Cllabp"hi Il,..,

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Limitations of the survey:Selecti"" of four Mandals: The sele«ion 01 the four MUldals was bued entirely on our perceptionfrom reportS of fact.findl"i comm;tteel and Pr8s rq>arU. Then were high incidence Mandtls. andpidOng OUt one In IUch dlluict IlIowed to study I span of thandas from DevankontU to the K<lmatakaborder. We felt that crOls-diurkt ..riation,' could be captured more ecaslly in this fuhion.

We hod ~Med to COV<!r III women in the ~e"l"'n of rou&flly 15·55)'eMS In ,JI four Hand;lls. The.eweN! dlild.bnring women and would be able to relllte to the problem 01 :irl·blby relinquishment.Census population reportS 01 the tribal populations In the lour MI",,"ls however gave u.~ reportsthan the VQtUl' list In the M311dals. Census 1991 11'0 did not have I complete I!flumen.tion of thethandu. The fob of enumen.ting the thlndu wu therefore left to the investigators. Our 57 UlUrroer.Itonhave covered 210 thaoda.s.. whereu the 1991 cemus lilts only 75 thand.... in the four Handals. Thandasbelnl flrl1una. It wu particubrfy difficult lor the lnvestigotors to cover the thanda. when the womenwere at home, that is. ""rfy in the momI"" and later In tile evening.

• Responses to the questionnaires w_ not uniformly lcod. Investigotors Went to a Irut dIYI of troubleto Ulure the respondents that they were not police agents. 5pe>.king in the umblda lanluage helped­them to estotblish a relation 01 trUst.lnvestip~ In Sl!\'1!nl tfwKbs across districts also found it convenlenlto State their identily as thu of the Lamba.di Hokkula Por:na Samithi. As a Lambada communityorpniution, people would relate far more ......iIy dun lO 131. an NCO. or Govemmenl survey, Yet,the pen and questionnllre clearly Intimldaled many respenseI. for example. In Ornla Naik thlnd;\,Peddemul HandaL twenty people Ul with uS to say they had ,r.oo away their Jlrl blbie•. Yet only five01 these twenty respon<:led so In the questionnnaire,

People interviewedFrom the Lambada community: Mlroni. Tirumllglri thlnda.Blllnlllr Mlndal. Jamin; Bai.ChlnneWgodda ","nd&. 6IlU1Ipr Handll, Rambal. LHPS letivi.t,Ballnag:ar Mandal. Duram Nail<, President.LHPS.

Adoption agencies: Mill 5en (1'rKio'" Moments). Skter Teresa Maria (Tender Loving ea,.". St,Theresa's Hospital.) Sanjeev>l Rao (Action 10<" Social Development), Peter Subbiah (Good Slmvillnl •telephonic conversation), Dechu Barlerjee. (Spllrsh), Malrajunl$l.~. BrahmlnplHy (man~erofJo,an KmllnaReddy's 1~lrs)

Adoptive Parenu' Association ($heell Ramakrllh~nand 5udha Satisl\. Secy.)

Mr. Bhooma Reddy. OSP. C8(CI0), Kamlaka. Dev Val'l'lWl. Secy. CAM

NGOs: Jamunl, Gram)"'.

LeeaJ mechanisms: J",tite Chalapathi Rao, 5ubr;umnia Reddi. G.Manohar. advocate!

Doctors: Dr. Shashikab. Veena ShatrtJthna

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(Note' Throughoul lh dOCllmenlwhen we refer to Lambada we shallbe doing so In die p,articulJr contextof the Umbadu in south Telanpna.We are also usirc tile term LambadathroughCHll, dlollgh we unders....ndthat die community refers to iuelf uGorpt (hir race) and to its membenIS Gorbai, While we feel nomen­clJrure, especially self - nomenclature'slmportant. we use me term Lambadadlroughout. u die term Gorjn Ius not

yet gained rudy usage among theu~rs of dlis doc........ent).

• This report wu commissioned toundertake with the help or loalcommunity, an In depdl analysisof the cultural trends andpractices thn has Impacted themon gender issues..

• To Interview a minimum of 25women between (15·-45) In themost vulnenble mandais to pinan insicht on why girls arenegleeted and to ,examineinddence of nle andrelinquishment. facilitatediscussions on Integration of thelamba<las vis.i.vls the local

....~ommunity and examine factorsdIIt lntlibic integr.nlon.

• Examine the role of loal bodiesand institutions Including pan­cha~u in addressing Issues mnaffect lambadal.

• Interact with people, localgoverlWTM!nt functionaries NGOsand others on impact of deve.

Introductionlopment ochemes and incent",esin these areal. Analyse access ofbasic serviees, u alsoopportunities for convergenceand optimal resource utili....tion.

• Examine the legal andenforcement provisions availJbleto prevent ....11' of children.

• To nudy the livelihood andsubSistence patterns of thesethandas and Impact on familiesespecially children.

• Study and examine availabledocumentatIon, secondary .la ....peminlng to these dinrim in childtrafficking/sal...

Various newspaper reportS and 'aa.finding reporu or differenc agencieshad dotOO'lented a kind of tnfficking'!' babies In Andtlra Pradesh, whennhelambada communIty was beingencCHlrage<! to give up Its female babiesro;: a fee, and most of these ba6ieswere being sent abroad, evidently fora higher consideration, Thet;ovemment of Andhn Pridesh, inApril 2001. banned the acceptanceof relinquishment of children byadoption agencies. This accompanle<la scricter monitoring of the adoptionagencies.

Different agents In the "wallonructed in various ways, Mediaspotlight on the Lambadas highlightedtheir gMng up, and 'Ale' of their girlbabies.. This in turn lead to a kind ofumbada.buhing, where a deeper.

much-needed elUminnlon of theirplight and the failure of welfareprogn.mmes in the thandu' did I\Otaccomp,any me reporu. Despite mediaCHltnge at, and concerted Govern­ment actions Igainn the adoptionagencies that had encouraged theLambadas and Of"laniltd lhe manexodus of babie. abf"oad, society nlarge lud 1\0< bqun lO take note eitherof me serious siWltion eKls,ing in themandu. or. the compl.~I<les of theproblem.

The case for a halt torelinquishment·adoption procedures:I. It is a fundamental right of every

child to have breast·milk. to beingr....red by natunl p,arenu in his Of"

her nllural environment. Wemust rememt>er thn relinquishedbabies are sometimes barely a dayold. ch~nge sever~J hands andtaken mrourh Ionr disunces, tobe deposi<ed with the ado~t1on

agency. Lack of !>rent·mllk retardsthe nawral building lip of antibodiesin dle inbnts' delicate system. mll"YInfanu die, ~nd <he child Istnn.ferre<! to a third environmentwhich mayor may I\Ot lult her.Adoption can only t>e a IUl resortfor the child. parenu cannot beencounged to give up their babiel.A hl,h adoption rate does notslrnify I healthy society.

l Responsibility of <he nuuralsociety' Th, parenu. the com·

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w...... ako ....'" 01."."'- _ ",. _rsu",,",I' c"",.,_, '-'"__ .... 01 ..." ,o:.=aro -I "''''t ~.~. ""'1<11 OIl<

cl VI is. $;,..00.-.. on<! po th -, <>ut 01 • <om""""'l'" _ J'O"""" a<l bo "",uk..,lyln"..",..,oo • 'ebDv>u to"'" ThIo '" """"_i.olly"'- it is >lNt"J""I:Itd <__1)"....." I<od <COt~""'" An undo".-. ....""'l '" ",• ..w.IO>1 '" > e"............, '"I"'PP'o ""'" it> poobl<o... 1o~ ,,""', pO>I,""" 01-. ....' ........". bo '''I'PO'ti'<dy <ri<cII w. ""...""""P<t" '0 .."'d .... 1o««~,~

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munity, the al2U11 and the country- an ha"" rtipOl'laibilitia lQW;IonbInfanu.. Abdiatlnl this respon,albllily for th usi.,. rOute ofexportinl them to the WeSlerncounules absolns stltes, cgm..munities. individuals 01 uecvtlnlthelr fundamenl2l responslblitles.

l. Baby tnffickina: For these pastunra' years, the checks andbabnc:es 01 both CAU and theStlte Government hUll fllled,Adoption aa;encies, eyen thosebqW...C....." &OOd Iranciclno havefound~a aucbd no aninexorable spiral where theyrequire more Md maN! babies to""'--

Counter-arguments andresponsesThe c-..r-vzumena ok... c....from~ indiwiduab - Ix.ftM>.crats, policemen, professionall ­many 01 ........... Snd 'MAhw'C -ore inthe larle yolume of Int...-countryadoption. TheH Il'pT'OWIU routhly&0 - and we hunI it many tma: """"'"<bYe ...... survey -

I. POOf' parenu cannot look aherINir dlIdo I!l~ A nt&!KUdFl cYd.... .- be eduated.. She wiI ha...

le) do bradr.-brukln& WO"" all herlife. She is be=<" off bel... sent tothe Uniled Satu, where she willhave a &ood life before ....... Giwnthe CIIfTeIlt st:lte of tIWw&. lif<l Isnot &O'nc to chanp drudaIIy forthe lambalb cin In k>dia.

This argument merits uriousconsidention, f!Y1!tl if it is true thltproponenu of this Y\ew would notdrum of ciYl"l away their childrento parentS who could admittedly,&Ne them a better Hfe. It is certainlytnJe that there Is a strong lenderblu Itll<InB the UmbIdu, muc~ 11

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i. mere In odIer communities. It15 also tnMI tNt the l.ambIda &i"h wone off than dM I..arrbacb boyby all parameten..lt.1s~, yet;absurdly tnJe that pm in the Westsuffer more deprivation andliscrirniNtion than boys. and lA

more ~kely to face child suualabuse. npe and wife batterin&­apart from discrimination andSf!lCIAf hanssment. wcrl: bter on.McIsl5l6fTc. _ cfiscrWTWl:ion,

we shoo,jd ,.,"",., is relative..

OM of thoI ways to a6Inu thisproblem Is to reCOlnl.e diuse<drca few~ La,Ibdi p1babies; abroad wiI .- lessen thebo.rden on the ochen left t-.. and~ress Issues of equity in any-_.The WJU"II"'D thK poor parena..per ...... .- &OOd parents. iI a

more i,," !h M" one. Upper.cJas........., io ID judp poor

peopH! as drvnbrds. woo1t-.hy,

ha'<'ln& loose KlWIIl -..... I!lC- ­hence lhey _ make bad parena..

WhIle do .- wM to p:.dypo•• ty, point cut thK thepoor IIaYf!. as ,et. the best copinc5CJ"ItICIeI for me;r worid.

2. W. ~lVe tOO many childr~n

alO)'ho.. , lhe Wf$( has lOO few of

them. What is -ore -...dl demand­5U~ W~ -..Ad like to Wc wtJythis same standard cannot beapplied in other~ - debt.for inst:lllCel Their t;OUII(ries haveno debt, .... ha.,. a" c .. ioC burdenof debt. We are poor, theypo..esotichea. Why can't this be evenlycfIstrlbutetl! We have a .u'l'!u' oflabour. they Ire Isbour-sl2.....ed.Why don't they IIIow free lcee..of labour to their countries!

l. One must look at the charitable~of~~renalnthe

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Wilt who ue pnuineIy lTIO'<'ed bythe destitute cotIditioilS 01 babiaand children In the uncle.elopedcountries.

ThIs Ul""'e<Jl is particularly .trOtltamorc d10se who havelnW;lcttd wkhouch people and are mt>¥ed by tMIrcompusion.. llo..e_ we would Ilk.to place this charity I" the bl'JilrcontllCt 01 wily dadtWon Is l2I<Int:place in _ CCln'W'OUlitia and cutIS

in countries Iblntllln dM Snt pIKe.

We need support. In atfdItiM'C: thispooblall primariIy,.- in taIcirc QnI

of the resUa 01 thoI~ Weneed luppon in Id~reulng the_

~~.. . r ...po 01 "" _", we ... It_.,. R_

the lambacb community, _ need

sll P ne in addreuirc lhe po tin of'- t . I and ""'"' _1001«

p "-e further cle¥utated thepoor arnonc OUr people. Adoptlnababies and~ thwro -.y fram their...turIi ....0l.".1It does .-addres•the is5I.oe ~t'" I' l, C ID Iind a wayfor sultenance within their

.." io o..""elll: Is anpo"" io C'

InumaDonaI documents do .- l2binto acCotlnt du.t infant Ind childrighu cannOt b~ upanted fro""c-..nItJ' .....o. Take a lo0Io; at lheconltitutlonal mandate In the[)HeeD"", l'liolCiplu Art 19f· 'rltol

~ ore cMn Cf'P«WnitieI crid

{ot:iiin 10"""" in eldhr """.oe>'cnd in aditiuOII 0(fieekou ond diptycnd Ihcr childhood crid yuum 0'",ltrulected cfolnu u,ltloitorion ond"f"inSl mercI end mOleriol"bondonmeni.' T~e ConYllfltlon ondie Rights cf the Child (CRe)adopted by t~e UN GeneralA.osembIy In 1989. and accaded to byIndia In 1991 has more to Ay on this:

An l (I):

!n or! cellonl cOllcern!nf chUdren.whether ~rt<>ken by p«bk er ptWgte

sodal wtf(a'e insr;fll!ions, co<Jrtt o( law,o'*""'fslnltM allthorities or IetislcnMbod'leS, dle best Hllerrns o(~ child shaHbe a pMtory coosIde'ufion.

J (ii)'

Sfates Fartie:s JhoI ~,,*,e tD =~ child tudl pro[Mion ond COrl! as isn«fiS<lry (or />it /)f ller~

3 (Ill)'

Sloles Porties tlu1M e/lsu,e IMf lheInUilUr;o/ls, ser~lces O/lct (ocUlliesmponsble (or~ core /)f protection o(~/IJhoI"",(om> WI'lIt the $lmdordseslDbiislted by CMlpt'Wll outhori'.ie:I.

6 (I),

Slirtes parties shoI~ tM e¥ef)'

child 1Jos!he InIJem:l righl to ffe.

6 (11),Stales poniu Iholl ensure [a the

mam."", extent possibk the~oMde.elapmem a( the dJid.

Art 7:

~ dtld lha' be /'fii$lered immediate~

afkr bnh olld shoI /laYe the rigIJt (rombirth to (I name. !he rigIlf ta ocq..ve Cl

nationdi!y, and as (oros possible. """ right10 kMw and be~ (or by his /)f ~r

parenD.

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SloleS Partks undefUl/<e to IlS/>«! therighl a( the child to ~eM! his 01 IterithtItirf. ndudint MOOnolily. """,e andfomily ,elotions oS r«orniJed by lowwicI>our unkJw(uI imetfermc:e.

Art 9,

5tat.es Porties Jhof ensure thot 0 dliId sllolIXlt be seporoled from his or Iterpo.etIlS

"fID'rst !heir will, urept when compelentou,ho,llk. subject to judiclol 'eview

de[~rmine, ifl~ voilII appiimbieJllwond~ that such seportRionis necessory for doe ben ~lS of lhe

ch~d. Such dtlerm;notio. may beneauory in <I pcniaJlor case such alone

ifl"""""'" abuse Of" ne(Iea 0( dle dIid by!he porenu, ere.

Art 11:

Sfelel Patl~S lhoil fo~e meosu,es lacombat lhe iIlidt trorrs(er ond llOfHewrn

"-.. """'"The dilemna. INtarises out ofensurinI...';ous child "hu iU ""clined a!>o~o.

is ~t r.one of these an be achievedwithout community righu beingrecognised. The conditions for theexercise of child rilhu need to be

~ddrened too. A community c~n

exercise it!~ neguiW! poweo'o.er indi~ldu~11 benuu ofpowerlenne.s and survinJ Instinca,Unlen we addren the issues ofpowerleJsnen ~nd m~'litQIISltion In~U sph-. the p<"oblem of IndMduaJor child rights rem~lns lnmCQble.

This SQte of ilbln ann", just be anIodictment of the government. Whilethe go~emrntnt doe:I ha"" a specialrll$ponsibil.'ty for tnn.l~tIog the righa01 the child Into rnlity, socl~1

mover.-a also bew retponsibility forfacitiutinB and dem~ndlng soci~1

cllange. The liw~tion also demandspositive Invoh<ement from ~dmlnisua­

to~. adopdon~ othu enl"0I"Ce­ment ~ncies. mu. Dl'pmatiom ~nd

society.

This il not .n exhaustl'e enqUiry.Rather it should contribuse to ~ morer.ftective undersundlnB of theproblem. Weh~d been g;,en a time oftilree months to usembIe I concepwaf

hmewDl"k, to condutt I compleceSyrvey of 1.11 chlld·bearing women intho age &f"OUP of IS_S' years in tilefour M>ndlls in four districu whorechildren had been g;~en ~WJ.y by their~rents. to C1bulate and correlate the'".ult>, to ;ntenol"w .ome of theIClkeholders on the issue, to present~ bal~ncedassessment of the problemand expl.in Its eme'tence, and to~ttempt to offer ><>me al'e"'...... 0<1

whn c~n be doni to ~ddreu theslw~tlon.

The corn.~tone of thil report I1 ~

tleWled roeld survey carried OUt in~~nd August 100 I. This IUrvey CO~lled

moll upecu of the soclo-economk.Utul of th. latnbadu, their ~cceu

to lnstitutlon~I, Infrasuuctural itndwelfare procrammes. culwn! chattes(u In dowry. dress, wo~hlp of god.,etc,), bal,nca of pow'" within thehousehold, and domeJtic violence. Thequeloontulre we h~ve framed It pe/lIn the Ippendix.

The four districts covered In thelu.....ey aa:OUnt for dose to ~M ofAndhrl Prlde.h's total L~mbad~

pop..lniool. The four Mand>Js surveyedaccount for ~bout 7% of the STpopull.tions of the.. distr'ktl, w11ldlIs co say~t we pre:lent hltn! is only....mpl~ of what i. the ,Iw.don withthe lambaelu in the South TelanpNregion. We m.y welt ha~e touchedonly the tip of the icobefl. The tocaltribal f""",le population of the fou~

Nandals, it((ording tothe 1991 CeuusIs 10,70S. Given ~ 30" ;ncrute ill thelimb~d~ popur~tion ~nd ruling OUtfO"ngJir1s and older women, we think

we have co~ered mo.t women ofchild-burlng age. Except for~pe'I"bndal' where we could

-

, Opera rMk + 0_" "'"_ oI.c"""'"'•...-.eyol~' Moodol. Thoyhaol baon ...... an .........' • ..-oIlcwm.w.o"" <lA~ B, v.. -. unuoed ~,,,,,,,,~ from odlo, H,n&l.. ~ "'n <00 b~ to,... <horn '" tI,.Chol'llbmp<' ""'...p'o...

•

•

,

not complete ~II the th~ndil. ourInyestilltor. met ~U non.ml,n.ntWOmen pre.ent in the thandu. We donOt hpect me number of mllranlwomen to be lule enougll to up.elthe findln,s. as mign.ncy commonlybet,ns aner Ouselln.. ie. OClober. bywhich time. our inye'tignion w..complete.

All the narn.tilles in this report arereal. We haye retained tile originlll

ylllale names. but haye sometimesclllnged tile nlImes of indiYldu~JI forthe .~ke of priYacy. We h~ye ~llo

spoken at lengtIl to most of tile he~ds

of the Hyden.bad·bued adoptionq;encles. Wh~e Interviewf"i them. we~,reed nOt to quote them In theprinted format. To "and by Ihlspromise. while we do discu.. whatthey lIIye freely talked about, we donOt qUOte me eun sourc.... thoughtile inte",lewslllye all been recorded.

Outline of the reportIn Chapter I. we enter Into tile twilightworld of ~dopt;on agencies and

procedures, CAR.A luidelines andpre.ent-day ena(tments. We uy totn.te eyenU here !NllllYec (lluse<! acrilis of wru In tI>e l..arnb;lda com­munity ~nd placed mem on tile fronlp~ges of newspapers and Iop.of-me­.,enda for GoYemrnem dep;1rtments.Much 01 me det:>il, ooweYecr autllenticand double-checked. cannot be (teedfor source..

In ClLlpter l we e""mine tile YlIriousinitiatives or tile I~ck of them!Nt hasaddreued Ccwemll"ltOt. NGOs. mediaand .ociety It large.

In ChlptCf" 3. we uy to bri"l to you.the conditions in which tile lambaduliye. We Ittempt to explain theirJWlicutar YUlnenbility to the adoption...end.... conYey their IM"I cor>dlllons,'OC:io.economic ,tatu., absence orpnlence of Goyernment imtiwtlons~nd proln.mmes. and their KCesS to

public health and education sernc:es.

In Chap<ef" <4, we attempt to COnyeylambada perceptions of me dowrysystem. We sketch Ihe preyi!'u.

marriale Iynems larlcly based onbrlde·prlce and traditionalcommunity weddinls. We enminehow dowry has taken root and whyrni, Is affectin, l.ambada pen:ep60nlof t:he lir! child.

Chapter 5 .ketChes ,ender pattern.aMOflllambadu. What are the areasof conftict between husband and wife!Whit forms does domestic yiolenc:eassumel

Chapter 6 enrnine. clLlnsilll culw~patterns among t:he lambadu _dleirrituals. dress. ma..n.,es. reIi,llion. YI""eorlanlUlIon. and how then arechanti"l with the IrnID" of Hinduism.modernity and Yillage Institution•.

In Chapter 7, without Indulllng indetailed prescription, we try toIndic;tte t>road are" ,.mere much Ispo..lble and needs to .be urzendy<loo•.

Al the end of t:he report, you will finda IIn of tIlin,. you might~I to SClln- our queltlonnaire, a lilt of thethanda5- as well as t:he con.olidatedand disuicl_wise results of tile su",ey.

•

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I'a) Med-lk District Population 21,69,900

SHIVAMPET

Total I I1aIe I female

STs, 95,041

)

e.",,,.. 1991

MaIn Workers C~Ul" , ~Wl:al l.lIbourers

Toed .... ,~. TOllll .... ...... Toell MU. hrnaI•

19,508 11.452 "''' •.m 5.89'1 3,)99 6,765 2,7J6 un1,'1 , ,.... ." 1.098 ,.. m '" m ,~

1.117n

6.6$9

m

U~m

8,876

'"7.59119.185

1.961

19,719.,,,,....4,109

G~'

>T.

•

..

1.16..,W.•4U

~y oIlambacla Iernllt to """I fern.le popubtionUoIOrky dumbado malo to toQI ""'" populationGeneral poput>tlon pt«en' of ......General population p.reon, of IemaIn

b) Nalgonda Total 18.51,092CHANDAMPET

L-nboda population percen<qe 01 .......,. _ 52.27Umbada pop"'''lo,, poreonu&" 01,......... ..... 47.nl.lImba<b~ bbouren Jr! "_ 17.1H"Whor... In our AlrlpllO, 1007 OU' 01 11001 rflpOl'deftu ..Id ;hey wo,teed ..O,CI'IaJkural Iabouren

ST., 2,75,638

ItefllW ~ , , "' ..... L·CUIl!Yatott I ;Aitrtuli'ur.ll.aboi.irerr..~,. ,! er

MII. ...... Totol "',. .....,. ,=, MIle ..... ,=, M,I• ......4,]25 1.211 '8,802 11.l6O 7,44} 9,911 7.111 "" '.>M " .. M601,157 '" .... .... ].506 5.1J.8 "" 1.418 ).064 loOS) 1.011

ST.: 1,27,405

- .5.5111.471l

Total.

J,)65IUU.."•

,.,.1.

"....',490

~i..iUir/.le. Culli""wrs

'Tc:il Mal. IFemale 1H~u,", -F~.I. ,,,", F.....lehol<» ,

"""'" '.188 8,8'J "514,-c. .'" '" 1.J21

d) 'Rania Reddy District Tota115,51,966 STs: 1,09,394

PEDDEMUl.

c) Hahaboobnagar TotallO,77,050

8ALANAGAR

G,noril 140,71'ST. IB,lt1

,..,-"',,~">;<~ ..

•• •

Go~'",-c•

10.7'71 .,,,3,600 504

'"J.H~ I 1.'990 I 1.75~

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The twilight world of'---__rniopliOILllg.encies . _

The world of adoption agencies huI>Hn I closed wotld for Yet')' many ofus, If it we... no< me ~ent newspafMIrI'l!poru. one would think dut these.."ncle. are Good Sanwians pldd"lup bmles from dustbins and ",Mytnda. While babi... are also found rhads, il is .Im uue that molt of dle"Iencies in Hyderabad. barring. veryfew. we.... specialiol"l In the Ilte....1

•

Adoption in India and .,..,ona and pluckl"l of children from theirb.~ Lambadu i. noming new. familie•. Why did this happen!

Close relatlye. have often. and0continue to Ilye aWIY • child. The global context:pu!icul.rly • mll" child to • childlessbrother or .I""r. Even when mere 11 Adoption today. lik" moot otlluno dirKt relstlon, adoptions hlye phenomena Is a lllobal on".aMn place' both the natural p,a....,t 'o.,oIoped'«>UnDieundp<lOplehaveand the .~tM! pl,entare known to ~ fertility I';lteS. One of the fewueh other. and the rlghn of th" tlIinp ITIO<>ey annot easily buy i••adoptedchild ..... negotiatedbefor.... baby. Then! are Iona -run, 1I1u; ofInf<>mllll p40nchay.ot. lIId often eyen ~dop~ ~r""a in the wIli,e Weltwrinen down. Adoption aseroda In (US. Cmach. UK, Europe. Aultn.lia.India pri.....ril)' emerred to clal with New Zealand) as aho;arnorc die upperchildren who were ~b~ndoned. In class in Ind". Babies ~nd dlildren ~eouch ~ ene when the dlild -. ewen ~timeJ been aVllllable wIlen thereaway in adop,lon. nnural and • i. w.o.r and famlll" Ire devauued.adoptive ~rlltla were nOt known to leavi.. orphans behind. When no sucheadl other. hence the checks and siwations prevall. pressure build' up.balancu of ruin. procedures and and mudllike any other commodity.monltoty funcslons. parenu are ready '0 spend mOrt

money In paying~a. Consider diecurrent rate' for an Indian t»by _rO;OOO US$ to abOUtSO.OOO US$~4 Iakhs to about Res. 2S Iaf<h, in ourcurrency) which I plren, fromtheWe$T. is willing to spend. B.obles anbe abandoned (by an unwed modler.by parenu) or rellnqullhed (byunwed mother. by parenu). Thepoverty-stricken pa""u of the babyare willinC to pan with the infant for

• Th< '""P' <>f .... ......- boon tMtl bo''''' ....... _ ~ r-olrt ....'dc>plion qo<lda lI Each hn 01 C<l<a"M, _ lIuO! <I'>t"/ ..... __". llu< hn ""

<>I "'" _'"-._Irt "",.,.I...". J1u<II 01 "'" ,~.,..,duo 10 ............... oharincme _ h....... _ ' ...·."'001 .. cron....."'1loo1 wllIl ....~•.

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roothItlc or a smal: 01 As. SOD($n~ Glwwl a 01 As. 1001'• da, co bl rll •.,burud co chiadoption aelnc, for aboue 1-6..-lUl•. (N' 1.. a maXImum of RI.11.000 ($18O) piu, an qenc:y ~ 01RI. 100000J (aboue $lOO). u.e profit..- ia ......cmely hlctt-

It is ... UUO! that n.idI blijltwis isbid on·chancY .... on 'dolnI~ bp611~_ ., en. w-.. PIcw eo and

~ d """crY. JW"O'Id ctMblwoo1c ••• w:leo ........w ......pt)'doLW!loerw one is puzzIe4 is INe if charit)'is l!>e orq~whet is die nccn,qof phyticatly p;ekl... "" • n~·bornl

Wh, noe I>clp a child eae w~ crowup. and Jcudpl Wh, not ·adopt· olderchftdrln co help them ...ich ehir.d.caelon Ind carnr! Wh, notcalf'" for 1 ..-. eqlic>He cIoboIorcerl Why noe "pporl .o(io_

IC-..ic d.. '. ,... I"i,;,,;_1

w...... oloo t:>ld thae die \JnicedSaU!ld """.. jg IIId od...- coo,rocrio:ohlvt 1 cumbe om. loal adopelonpolicy which allow, dle lHoloclcalpar....u co hi" ICC.U co the c~lId It

Jp«Jfied intcI'¥Ils. and couru lA"""known co ha"" I"I'Ilft~ fxilIcpco die llIanJ panna at dmel.

The~ bott._. ridl and poor.-...... is ,"oNIo•• __ lIS It is

In die u A:kioC a1lildebobia. koosapare/lCl 01 chi d.....1oped W.1t IJIiaM IS 20,000 $ (opp<o.dInHeI)' _

co rev.- cimeI \hi! mOl'uhlp income 01a linele worklnl mlddle.dulAm.rican) ,o..:lop, , b>bp from !lIdill.It fetche. dle Lambada parenCl inChandlmpct lu. tkln RJ. 100(SUS) to diop»o 01 .... ......-ad...-It iI in the COio:e>t ........~ in

ch. W'1t are "";lllne co ........d (a~ ...., bp thelr~ and

1 hllle ....... bp 00.0...1. pllcemen,III .... illlrt:.dcoo_....colooken. omer _, at edllcs. wc Indan

...b .... mult be looked :It. Many ofdie ldoption~ to be&in wth,..I elitl.. _ ehac I,. ch., .reunconcerned ... Ieh '~e nacl.1commonlt, or with th. Ilhicl of·opo<1i".· bable•. 'TIle llobIn heM'*-tt Iieen rtjKZJd OI'ICII bpIIloi' IlIXInIlparetU _~ ........... !he best (......... .....--..00) P-'" ,. .,..". diI

......"'_~ ~.1eCI*f-.' Aid a boaiu...,. 01 ...I" ,.' _~.The saluycuc ofF ruelor I P'"<'Jpeccl•• Indiln Idoptiveporene ;1 a minimum of RI. 5.000(abou< $105) a momh. Thi. rules 0\;,

75-80" or Ind"n ~, u those /Ill,apabIeofrcamcdlidleoL From he".... senclint babla abroad could be 1/1

euy ;"'p. Ivo iIlml actiarde c....w-J w8I lead co a aIfT1mertia1 _.......... ,...,. art 10 .,.,......

How are the babie1iharvested?n.. complU< n.cworI< of ~..d",.n.pall'Vilw' and landords thac lovlm""'.... 'lilb&es COl\"lO In -.err uHful In.... baby Whilo< <he .dop'lon::z=:db dIOR able ... procure

CAM (c..wnl ~".' I ktiource...".... = ...~~t.y the Coo<. of wt.).... = maNCIthe pap.rwork ud lorei,,, b.nk..~o..ntl. ....n.,e oh. lndl.nb.naLKneJ'. police and coons. themiddlemen 'handle' the people. Thq."i, ,he "'.nd•• co .n"..I" ,bo..tprecna.nt _, ""'" .Ireactp havIC7"Cf" I cO\;pIe of Pi d>iIdo.1. 1210~oNt, 'l.llSofthe "on....In _ .......,. said dial qena 'rislted

the thardaI. ... pIdt ~ bIbIa. VwyIllbft. ....... ..-...,. -..Id be r-o to

the parelU' 'f'" /I Oop. kftp .... ond

• ~"'"" , ' .... Irr 0-"'.00. K.o.........

rJ,. """""I"-lf1l;'... ,;.c. _ ... ,..1riII""'1fJ ond per !he «-,1 ,""' cMdcMha"1Il1& W."~ (llTha"lIl '-eIhobrtctl(~""'"r......._'-WfII1lt 11 doO-lf.. VIbpI coWd also

ha~ been arpeed. ",up< due theIndian villla' I. 1....eI)r rnulll·CUUI andpIur.IIln character'. SanrI ndiIlon cl,,;......, the d'lild u 'dM/Ie' - .. IPtoIGodRilrorius .......... Sh,ppis'lioo' I bib)< hen adc! be~for ....~ n..r.t.. .........:x:e andIn,u1ar••/ld with ...pld dowry

~thMde.I"""_"""pn)f. 8cJides Lambada children arepX~ 1u .... ..,j 01 .ne cloy.Idopdon I"ode, Wlot babl., thatlook cood cnouzh to be crabbed b)'adoptiw pa,...,ts. Peoplo open7 tIlkotdabclu. die nnc>UI peop/oI ....... weretOUII • Ram Sinlh 01 Tiruma'l;rl(6alllll'" M.nd.I). ,"..d.. I..M.h.......a'" Manda\; K,ulllp.tMar4II hod dna _ ID~

Rao. Parvuhamma and Co.-b.l......ud ft et.. 1" 01 Pwddend IOrlh. BctN"l' Home, Ra..... ChooJwland run, od>on~ wen!

...pon.lble for pickl"l up babies inChar>dampet and acIlolnllll Mandah.,joan Krllhna Rodd)r .nd Ma/raj"""k......re the IlIl'CI in Sh"""'ge' and

adjod-Il MandaIs.

w,-*S~"to""""'''''wt....lhelhandu""&'elo,. .i..

to the adopmr••nq cetm"U.I.ambadu ....... not rnc IWI,

th.'r ein b.blu. for .nmple,ChIMkol1 ...1'""1 (Karn....ka) wasICc...Ib!e to IScthan, Home, butSedam Qiuq (K3mo1ab) ..earbp.....nOt Iccu,ibl.. Neither'eIio ; h'••••t nor IIIfar.OCloSIP. wasokilll place in <akinl pl.n inSeda,..' Simllarl, with Pudur.~ and Dh:Irw I'bndalI ..

~ district.!ootr SO kmI

•••,"•""S,,,,•r,

,,'I

,,,[

<<<

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--

The twilight world cl adoJlUan agEocies

from Tandur). where there aremany thillldas. but no relinquish­ment or infanticide." ManchalMandaJ In R=gareddy dimkl: humazrr l:handas, but here too. queriuabout reUnqulshment provednegative." Mi!lUk district reportS

no relinquishment except fromShi¥ampet, Nanapur and CowdlpalliMilIldall which are ac(e<sible to

Brahrnanpali. Bo'" Zaheerabad andRaikal Mandals", as well asNanyankhed Mandal" do notreport any relinquishment. So alsoMote. Chivemla and AtmakurMilIldal"s in Nalgonda, as well ...Kodad Mandal". also In Nalgondl..It .pean that ~;nqulshmentltook place only whereadoption aa:encies hadhal"Vesting systems ope....tina:.This is not to say thn Lambaduhe .... are not In distrus; it is onty10 say dlat they conti'lue to copewldlout-~ving .way the.&ir! baby.

We have here. dult with only theHydenbad·based adoption agenclllthu picked up Lambada liM babies..Du";"ll: our enquiry. we allo found dialowr ..encies in the Stale were alsodeali"ll: with ....1i"Guished bablel andsendi"ll: them abroad. The MiSsion of

"'" NUions. a Kakinada-based CARAIkensee. had about a hundred babiesprior to the April GO. They tooreponed high Inter-<ounuy ado!"ionrates.

flouted proceJl" and paperworl<completely In their hute to ~Iect

bables. In a peculiar cue, and perhapsnot uncommon, an NRI fromCalifornia. USA," wO! promised ababy by Tender Lovinl Care. Thebahy. born at a hO'ipiullrl Hyderabad.was handed over. immediately afterdelivery. to the NRJ's in.laws.. based inHyderabad. in March 2001. The babywas neither registered u abandonedor relinqullhed. It was simply nanOtdover Without papers. All throulhMarch and April till the April GO waspassed. no papers wef"e made out.(WO! the "ienq not paid its price. isthe doubt tNl is nised. ex- was thepaperwork 10 unimportant thu Itcould be 'made up' u any suitabletime!) Now the family has the baby inpnctially illepl cu.tOdy. Thl!S"l! is noway tNt the baby an be sent 0U't ofthe country. This incident points to the...'" with whkh foreicners and NRJIwere allowed to pin custody of ourbabi... In India. on the other hand.our adoptive parents go throughnur-harrowing e"perienCfU andprocessel. It Is ~ually SlJrprlsirc tNtNRls and foo-eigners can choose toDe i&noraJll of our rules when theyneed to be and ..... far mo.... carefulin the countries of the West.

Also discurbing ha..., been the kk1napInclden.. which adopllon agenciescannot have been unawa..... of. As farback as in 1999," Bhanupriyll and herbrother. Ravi Pruad. who had beenstudyi"& at the MV Foundation craini"l

cen~ at CMvella. had b«n 'soId' bytheir lrowlmother to Savitramma of&ethany Home, TilIldur. when theywent hGme for lhe holidays. Thechildren e«aped from me Home andreturned to CheveJla on their own.Police. though Informed, took no.ctiGn at tNl time. An eleven-yur-oldSuresh, belonling 10 a family of si"brothers and Sllter'< with both parenudead, was taken i" by PrecioulMomenu on the undersQlldi,,& dlatthey would educate him. lll$....d. hisname .....s changed to Benjamin IU.....and he was offere<l In adoption toDuane and Oonna Byrd ofI~ USA,who already h.-e four blolollcalchildren. No relinquishmenl deed wasligne<l for 8enjamln. but the paperswere alre.ady bein& processed. The boysays M does not wish to be a<!opted.In"ead he wa.nu to seudy and live withhis brothers and listers.

Vigneswar Reddy and NagaJakshmi,dlildren of Kaviea. were picked up byPreciout Momenes. Kavita was offeredthe lob of maid in Anita Sen'l brother'slIou•• in N_ Delhi. and was lOId shecouid not take her chlidren wtdl heru education was cosdy in Delhi. Onher recurn from O<:lhl. she found dlatMr children had been taken to SishuViharlnApril2001.Now~thatPrecIous Moments dealc only adoption.she was app<"l!hensive of the .-raJblank pieces of paper lhe had sipdfor Precious Momenes.

Ha"; Babu. a ten yar old. and on/y childof his porents, was Iddnapped by one

P ·" 1~~om ToN.......-.. Cu,,,,.._ s..-. "',ion'- 11>."". (NGO)

r -"" W1m ,,~,,'"

'q-, '" SoIanO y.,udo• ..,.j PV.So'''''C Oe<yn~",n, ><>cOO<)'. I'10<Il"q.-y '" M.><II.>....... s-r- krushl F",••,lu-. 1'1e<b~

',.."""".1""", Gupb;h ('-d>, """'- ~,.><h<,.,.",.....', ,._""'" SoI4.l N"'" L.I<PS XL"",- N.'!ond.1

........ - "" '-'1-''ro-. clfac<.~._.. "''''''~ br G....r>L

-'-----------..,...~==RiiiiiIII

Samuel from hi. house and e1ken 10

Nlmpally Polke Station. where he >VU

picked up. again by PreciousMOIIIl!nu. The ~ts. foIIowina; theVIII of dle boy. were not allowed to

oee him at rreciou. Momenu.Knowing hi' antecedents fully wellPrecious Moments had Harl Bibudeclilred a. reli"'lui.hed by Rumlnlof GudUl". Kumool district - a dui'ca" of forSary. Ha wu bolnSproce..ed for adoption when he wastahn away 10 Sishu Vih.. in April2001.

SahYi'"s ase 11 even more I"'rtul'blnl.Throe rur old daughler ofKhairunnl... Belum. .he WIS

k.kl~d from her aunt'. hou.e onNov.mber I, 2000. 'MlninX baby'notlces were Iuued. III FIR ....... filed.ilt>d it: wu only wh~ Bethanr Homechildren We"" picked up In April 2001thl! Sohvl was runlled with her,,"",nu..

None of tM complex processes tIu.u.ually accompany adopllon wereIOllowed here- Reliil~ment pape~w'ere forled. parenu were notcounselled abolll: their rights (Cl/" th

f,:ltl<lotO'Y.2 month perJU<l whe.I!tf an take their child b>.clc, and

ye')' rar,ly. was the moth.r·tpetSODaI deWe. to r«2ln her childIlOf, considered. Ther were not tDlclwhere tho child wo, ... N lodrdthu 'n",rim period. The parents wh<irelinqWheCl the infant rarely camethe agency Itself. moot of the bab~

transport was IhrouXh themiddlemen.

oomldnl the adoptIOn ""cord. ofthe various ilencles would have beenmon useful Thes.e ..... how....... withthe CBlClDI and we 'II'eA! mused anyacceu or .ny Insight Inco the problemu they viewed It. The records, fOl"lM

r;

and all. would ltill have pre.en,ed arevealing picture 01 wha! reallyhappend In this dKace. and whatcould be done 10 clean up dle meu.

Adoption in India:>-.. ............;--The Prolell of adoption of Indianbabies I. governed by the HinduAdoption and Main<eRance Act. 1956(fo<- Hind•• ooly) ond the Guordlan andWardl fv:.1 1890 (for otherL)

Hindu Adoption and Hain.tenance Act (r~erred 11:1 al HAMA)allows a/l}' Hindu m.le or fem.le whoIs mator to adopt. A married womancannot adopt. A m.rri.d man canadopt with m. pent1inion of hi. wife.If Ihe adopler .nd adop..e are ofdifferent .""~ there should l>o an age"".I'W'« of 21 run betw.en them.Sec~.:.n 17 prohibits any paymen, '0

prevent tnffickln, in child"n. If the

j)artlKS ""e a tJlolo&iocaI dJu&Iltef". d-rcannot adopt • girt

The Gu.rdlan .nd Wards Act(G&W) I. one where me .dopriv.parent k Coon-appolnted. The Courtcan revoke la order at any time tillthe minor becorn<!. of .,.. All non_I-linWsilt>d~ adopt under d1lsA~

Abandonment orrelinquishment?TI,. proc.... of adoption h.. twOdim.nslont:

I. If rh. b.tq. Is abandoned. rhen diepolice h.. to m. a report with the/"",,onU. 8o..-d, which !hen Ilv..

custody of the baby either to theShl.hu Vtl.r or to. Fh Institution(. kind oIlIcen.e which the J<Nenll.Board.- tolns~that <;areICI/" abandoned cMd,.....) Se-.le.,,1o'l~nllJtlonl In Andhra Pradesh

have mll certificate. II dle childrenare your>&. they can be put up fo<­~doptiol~ A1tef". week'. seardl bythe police. the Board can releas.me child". for adoption.

1. If the chld is ~;"'lulshed. (bodlCARA and the Supr.m. Courtjudgement recollnlle rellnqul.h·ment as lel'l. d>ough dl. SlaleGovt. today does no.) by its ,,"<u.,,1puen... ma I. IIIffidem to cleardle baby for adoption. 0"" lan leehow euy thl. proce.. is ..compar.d to abandonment.Ab.ndoned ch~dren are few and farbetween. !vi organisation like theGuild of S......lce In Hyderabadwhich has been r.f.rred to by••ve'OJ people as a 'c1ean' agency.handles only abandoned clildren.and "'er only 1"< be~ 10-30children per year. Shishu Vlharreceiv.d on!y 67 children in thethru mend'.s from April to July200 I when.1t Inniwtlonl wereordered no, to IlIke In bablel' thatiL 67 children only 'rom ~II overm. State. o..ring Ioal inl.rviewsit wu noted Ihar it wu veryc1.arly the demand from foreignadoption agencies that led le o:he.....">q!.II."'"'""'t of babies by poorIndim par."uL In bet. there wereeven cues where ll.nulnely.b~ndonM children were madeout to b. rlllnqulshed, to CUtdo""" on paperwork andreporting procelleL

The agency concerned h.d now topick th••doptlve parem. CARAguld.llne. h.lfheartedly enjoin IheIiency to liVe preference to I.dlanparent!. If the f'¥O'nts .,.., selected(dlere ~re ~1wa1' Ionl li.ts of Indianregiller.d p.....nts "' the "lende. ­p,renu Ire knewn to U1vel evenfurther to ou- ,id.. ;" dIoIr ....rchfor a b.by to adopt), men the COUrt

The twilight WCIrld 01 odoltion agmcies

was ",oud for formal adoptionprocesns. The agenclel weresupp<»ed to <onsult CAM """ thelocal llCA fo, II.sa of SIKh parentswhen they couldn't fnd them. It I1only when a blby "'11 reputedlyrelected by p...ents h.... th.. ~ couldbe propo..d for Inter_countryIdoption.

Inter-country adoptionprocesses:

When the Il"ncy dedde. to go for;"t -courmy adoption, the kilIowirl&ac", come ..to play, Th. in..ltutionconcemed mult ha~e I CARA license.

"'" CARA Ilcencel about 250 >gene;et Inthe U5A Itself Ind other ~encle.

ell ....here who must proce..>ppIk",iom from clthens there for a<hlld here. The VCA (VoluntaryCoordinatinl Agency), one 1(11' each..... ,." I, ••0lunUlI')' body I",ely{on,istlnl of the adoption 'Iende.~ In OH ofanlrwer-counuyadoption. th. loal llCA Iw to gl...In no·obieCllon urtiflcue. As itch.lrzes. hefty fee per CISO! fRs. 1,500­2,500 In Andhra P..d••h, 11.•• 250,",,,wfle...)It is ,uppo,ed to l<oolc into

the case """"u&hly, me.. "'" ohlld and...esl hi"""'., Indepenclendy. lookInw the medical records (to check Hthe thlld ..... a dofoon"C)' _ u is on..,claimed by m. Idoption l.Ienc:les to

.end I child .broad) .. well .. call onthe police, ecc. TIl. VCA has twO

trllined sce;;,l workers on la pay-rolland Is &110 ',,"noced by CAM. AftA,the llCA dears the cale for adoption,

CAAA ..... to .... b No ObjKdonCertificate (NOC). The papers "e

IOnt 10 CARA Delbi by seal.dcourier. and I1 IUpposed to be mailedbock within /Mo -J<s by the same

/uhlOll,

AI'er CARA gl ••• I,. NOe, theadopti:ln qency an fie in COIIrt !oradoptbn. The COUrt "ilin sendl thepape" tor $trutlny '<> ,h. Indl.nCount~of Chfd Welfare (a privately­run P"bIicly funded body. In Mdh..p,.ad",h. the JecW I. hude<i byThako.r Hali Prau.d /ulctionlrc fromOilsuknap<j. The ...led .....Iopeilpin makes la rounds for scrutiny andeea Hnt bid< to court ..ne~ judpbelnl w;lIlnl, the adop,lon (orcuarcbn.hip .. cue of Christian orHIndu pun,s Or (ore'lnus) Isvant.d. Thll process ,hould normallyuke 4_6 months, G.nuin. Indiana~<>p,.. ~.......ts h.v. ,on. throulhthis process.

How have the processesgone awry?At dtt'erenU,"&e., ,h. proc~ .... Iu...bftn easily Ilouted, The VCA wI>ich issupposed tCl be I .elf_monitorlngagency has performed no such role.

The no-objection certifocate dut theVCA h.. to I"ue I1 obQlned 0II1y ifthe baby ..... been repe,lIedly reIuJedfor adoption by parencs herll. Thac I"there mu.. be ><>me record 01

pare,ts' rejection. Thl. Is Ullly done- offic. naff and hangers..,n ,lgnPIP"" 10 Ill" dui they do not wamme baby. Cltaranoce from CAAA .....ofw, pro.... to be 1"<1 I iotmallcy.Inn~en,111 Andhr. "Iend.. we..kn....... to ha•• ulcen the morningnight w Oel"l along with th.1r~r..

clear !he IIles with CARA, obtllln .....NOC and I\y back the ",me evenl,,&­The , ..Ie<i courier wu evld.ntlydispensed with here. CAM has been

...pposed to monitor adopOons. Howwell ohey did >0 I< ......,necl In chi! next

chipt....: Whoat welll; wron,l' Itshould be eno.ch to report here thatthey found 'o'hl"l w<onl, ,Illheo fbody • did 10. Whal worries

CAM Is when the adc>ption rues godown, not whtn they go up.

Tbe dearwoce Irom chi! COUrt whe...everyone Is pa'd from the cOUrt clerkto the <ypI., to expedtl! the proc",s..... ....,tho!r formalic)'. The lecw also

I"! a fee /or itl paint, It was tuppOSedto inlf>ect the pope"- leel free to He!he chl!<l, .. w.n as c&Il ..... PO""'"who reUnq~bhed the child '0check."Atene'", said lhat the nephewof !he 5ecretory of die ICCW used 10

write elle KMlny reporu himself, The...- In qo-tlon "''IS at that time...... elle advClclle for 'Ome of the

~~_.

Now that evetythinc wit clear. tileblby was sent on chi! next ftlght toLondon or New Yorl< wkh in IKcor<.

The 'escon p a freebie 01" broughc

her lIpOUl. '" thild u a bon... too.lmer-counU'jl adoption. Is I chIMe!for spedaI ,,",,!ere. -frequm: foreign<rip<. Pto from rr.ac.ful panna, andelle many 'dobr' porta that accompany..-

• ne ..-KCW _ ~ lor o>ttIool<ed to ....- "'" __ ' ....I ~ oppoin<od ......-01 tho .-ly 'PP'*'«<lv". by <he 5<> ..Go>t. ..~ llXIl.

\

Adoption agencies do not care for Indian parents, patticularir poorer onesA letter from a weaver"

19 H.oy 2001,­~"-",0 MalIesh1m,

Rio A~...,8o Pe,hblQp.1rthi,Chityll MancUl. Nalp>do. et.

To.The Director,Women and Child Welfare Dep.lrvncnc.~ of /lP.

ReJpeo;l1td M~dam,

Sub' In re.pert or master Chakradhar who Is at present with ICSW - Rea:-

I humbly >Ubmic. I approached ICSW in !he yo:¥ 1991, requudnl them 10 grw, a nule child In .clopdon. as I Itn

chlldlen. I subniaed tile required documena and cenificala to ICSW and rqistered my no"", with their Institudcn..lntile month ofJune 97, I was called by ICSW ar.d a male baby boy, ~was just daY' old w.. ~nde<l_to me and mywife, ICld", dlat they .... plKIna: d>e cMd Inm our 10._ care and would approach the court Ir.d inform us accordin&'Y.We took are of die child IS our own son, and eYefI~ hillmrnlriDdon done. tile proof 01 whkh il endosed herftOIor your r.,(erMCI.

The aud>orlties of ICSW kept alIina: upon ull>OW .nd then, uI<Ina: to brine the tIllld to thalr office u Hydel'lbadand colJeaed amounts from us on~ ....it on one prelexl: or the other. When IISl<ed lor the lqal formalitiel. d>eaud>orides threatened U1 that they would ake back the child.' Itn ~witIIltIdosinlr-1etttf1ltill by them.

I submit, Insplte of my repeated~ to lCSW, they ~ve nee compleled tile 1ep11ormal1cies in my a<!optinldie abcr<eWd child till Oc"""'r 2000, bul kept a11lnc upon III and kept collecm, money on~ vM.

IIunher submit that the child ~d !CC -,. aaxhed to us and hod zrown up to be • healthy boy under __ car.. Wewere ready to lA'lllerzo~ iorrnaJfties to ldopt o:he dlUd. But die lCSW authoritlel did nol take lily action in this reprd.

In d>e month of Novemt>lr 2000, thl.\Ithorides oIlCSW Qllc4 upon "'" and In.lsled me to hand 0V<!1" the childto diem ,acini: that they hive dedded 10 live the child to some for. parents who are ready to p.1y them fI'lOI'"e

amounts. Implte of my rq>GCId requests. the authoritie. in~ "'" to &JvI bad< the child IIld thrUfenltd me that theywould Initiate legaIaetion qalnst me, if Ifailed to do 10. Helpl....ly, aplm:t !he wMa of my wife, Ipve back the child to

ICSW IIld they asked me to wriulllIlW" mall am rewmi", thl child dUI to my per<onal probllms, u :oplnlt my wife.lul was threltened. I hid to write IS uked for and hind over !he child. who was sent to their Aramchar It ShivnJnp.1JW.

I humbly >Ubmit from m;" time, "'l' wft foIlido:, without die dlUd who hadlool<ed alter him for 1 yean IS t- own 101\.

lnspite of my~...tltd requesu and vioia.lCSW did not heed to my request II'Id cM badt "'l' 101\. Therefore Iamwriting "'i> letter requeldnl you to Idndly coslddel my .....tter 011 humanitarian (f'OtIIICk and penni< "'" to adop< thechikf named 'Chakndhar' u per the prenilinz n.oIes Ind laws. I IUbmit. I shall ake ani of the d\l1d u my own ......

By thil letter, I -.qu.... you, Madam. to permit me to ......... my right on the boy ...mld ChJ.kn<Iw-, who p/IocoI1 encIoHd he! ewith and further pennit me to adop< the said child. I am ready to unde'lolfollow lily proced..... u lIlddown by thl Govt.

Thanki"na: you Madam,You", faJthNlIy,

SdI­K.Ungalh

End. Xerox copies of the lette", and p/Ioco(The above faea in the letter Ire .....d..-- and explained to me in TeluEu, IIld I~ the ...... to be~).

The IWi1Jghl WlIrld at adoption ageneies

The """';ous adoptionscandals:In I"' wh.n ,h•••eond .candalbroka out In Chandampt!<. NaJtonda.•Ramu C/louhan. • derl<~ in tileUC oIf,u ., Ambuptc. HydtnbadhtIptd <!'It .,...0.. <0 "'""Y bIiIiti.Whil. other .,.nel.. '00 wereInvolved In undin, the b.b'"abrood". P.ter Subblah (dI. GoodSamariI;am: EYIftCdiaI Sodtcy W tIfart,

AI'odIdonl and Sanjte.... R.o ("'donfor Social Dew.lopmen,)" alone were• rreo<ed.•nd <heir CARA lIeene..anciMled on <l>t rec<>lTltnCl1da<Jon 01<l>t Sa... Gow.............. Tha' I,. <!'It

ann prone to~~""l; .-.-. o:toou&ht to be <!'It <Nndu 01

Of,nnll.onda .nd M.hboobna•• r........ /'1eao,..t*o babia __ -..

picked up r.pldly In plru ofRaroprtddy .nd Mecbk <00. 'DonI kuaodopilolWle ""'f"PIIclwodu pud<adu·.(11-;" away lpi baby to <!'It~I boy Will be bom to 14) .... whatIhc la, t d" cl entwhac Nanapuralul< ~td <0 bcIiewt.Prcciol.n M a (Iiblc ColIep.MIyapo.r) _ JatwI Abrnm Ile<NtlrHofM.Ilonc wtdl T__ lowltI:ea..(St. Th.re,.·, Ho.pl..l) were themajor .,.,..:It, rectMolc wch babie•.ICCW. thau.h Inlc;!v. In direedyplc;I<lna; up bablca. .... 1'ftjIOi .ib'. forproce.."'I tht p.,..... U It had ICARA lkentt. A«ordir'lll <0 CARAlUidtllnu. I'lO lkelUtd .,ency .......Wf"PO'ed to be acUnc IS • conduitfor un/lc....:td onu. ThIs """ _to hlv, been broken .11 the time.CARA IUldellnc. No. ~.29 stipula,elIlat me baby mu", be kept.t t...,.month In the .doptlon ho",e

It _ ''''''0'00 "I'"""" .... 'ok "ed only In the bruc:h.u ICSW did no, hue I ...11.rnalnainad '-"e.

The ,...dew, g/ lilt lOOl ...... anbe .ott) 0'" to the Ib,-ohpolice. It , .._ ~. who

... F'ld baboft to ne. .... CII4t­In IT... Sumo wlth dv.. babio$.

whole ,......ee he coo.okl .... tICpbAThe poIic. booked I cua 0/ ~I~Inffiekl"l on Chr!l,oph.r. Ind "M,he b.bl., to "" T.ndur Betll.nyHome for ttmporary w. ancody. At

about dlat dint. prHS ................

Gulbatp. lad come to Tandul'. '-"dabout the a .. and macM .........They di.eover.d 'hI! 'hey ....Kunaab blbln. They ..."....ed 50

In the GIAbIrp preu. The K,amaalao

police bapn ","kin. ""'luirlt. "' tile<hln.n. under Kunch•••nm police...tion. Umbld. wom.n Idmi«td,ha, S;awivam"", Ind Go bal (.ntIdtriy Lamba<b daiImmI) d <0

wiIit P""qNM ,'""' and I"nd out

whocto had *'-'l)' had""'''J" daJ.oItl, On delivery <hty

""""'*'~ ...;,it d>tm !ftd ttlIth.m. 'Haw will yau ........1.,;" <lien//oboesl Haw wif you mort)' <hem olfpcIyinc off dowfyl c;;..e~ /I<Iflia 10 rht:~Homc"wiII(atdr-l~fo< t/Iem ..... rMywill ~_."TheywcwAd take <he baby. re kit. theBe......,.~ ccaea money andre ........ ..-.ey <0 the mot:he ­from Rs. SOD I<> Rs. 1.500. The poIa....eed twO wch ............. 1Ild ........""2 e..... Crim. No•. 16 Ind 17 onM.rch 28 <hI. ~..r.

no. Kdon cl the Kama<akl poIic.may ...... ucmpbty in oJ'oe, 1lIht ofthe faet t"ac In And"n P....de....dtipke reporu In "'" ""tiof\I.l prti••and hct·findln. eommirtee' from' ......ble quane... no <udi actionhad been ........ prior I<> April 2001.Itama<ab PvIr;. acted on me baIilg/ disaia ...lition rqootU. .... _

........ aaion IIld ......"" aMS.. 'ThooKamwb poke .-.-. ......-d -....-_ exdairrwd It*' eflido."c, In

die public c They u.pl.lnedplthily..~ loos no l<ldI "fI!.oda/obbyinf In"''-'~ ..... poIa'•_.The~ polka oa,oi h' Q/

...

_

• 14......, ' .thl' the whol. bunch of....inquilh....nt pq>tn _ 1.1...When Iht poIa dled<ed up <titnamtl and~ o/Ihc nawral

parenu. ""'~ found <hey ..erclJolvl·Ther..... no ouch ,-"on of thltnam. In the yjllar quoted. Du.....fur"- inwtitipdon. the Karna<aklPolIaIi6to'<iiItd 18-. who hadrcl1nqui,h.d th.lr blbl.. to theBethlny Horn•. (1, m.y Inttre..,..Icn to Icnow dII' lhe 18_whom the poIic....... Idan<ifltd ......bun pen hou..·.ltell .nd hou,e,worth RI. 20.000 undar the IndlnAwau y...... by the Karnmb Sa..eo... ,.,..ot.)

~b,.qu.n, to ....Is epi'od" lheAndh.. Prod..h Police ••reuedSIn/ft'n. k-. An/a. Sen(~l1omenu). Sa.-l,r.mml (&.e....nyHome) Ind boolttd ellU IplnnTelder lovln& Care. All are OIl< onball p!"ft8ldy.

/

..-... ..-.<n.....____ u ....--..'''"'''.,,..a.-. _, ••~ o# ..__.. k ,",",,-'l

, '---__ _ "",. ,-"." _ ,l'M .... -...__ ;

. ' ~ -=t>-.. _0 ""1"'_< ~to """"·'",""'_QK_-" ,• ;IDOl. _ he _..-

CARA guidelinesAI; "'" vr:ry root cl "'" P : t' "Ireno CAM 1"" " II """kh pm? ,l~ter.c_n•.,.. IdOfOol_.. T....• ., f oeJ do I'lO( lay "'" h".. a kfw~ d:Fllc ~ tk ftlllInl.,dCor"t 1 "rWaof~'"

~ anol .... dotir lrAnt$. .",. faroti .., to reoin the :0 __

...ill<, I ..d I 1' 1 n._....Wothout th;s Ini "oorlr;. = look.iflter:COUlV)' ado F~: 01 MC plo' ,....... IS "'"' ~ 11,5 ...... 10 ID fallitIto the lnp 01 the W-. dool.OII..........CAM '" the nodal ..,.ey for boch~andJnqr<OUltUY'" i ~ .,y"" -" d It>~ CQOo(.mnte011 Il'IQl"-COUnuy .oopllool only. Forenmpl-. ifln-counuy adoptLil is thet-....... wwkI ...,.ect It lO lad InC¥tt'f .actIon. In Se<;don 2.1 the Wit0' rlCOlnlud f.",..lln .,.ncilsP"""e<lel; 5«. 2.4 oI1KOJ1llHd Indianl&ft1des. Sec. 9,11~ thac 1I:-.Id~ du/robIe fOt !he COl 10 ~flr inta!IIlurlII ""_. _ ~ wtWdlen ",ceo' ilf dII:hn I'wn InciI /Or !he,lU';lOII ~ "6,pc.iclOL' (.....,nus oun"WIT ah<Ut the Gooe ,••• ,C cl h:tiaIn",r Inco one.sld.d bIllteral~tI wldl o:n.r COOIntries!wt'f shooIId _ QI, cl ....... _

bailie. 01'1,1 Will ther" bl nO,..q.......,.!

CN.A nise the Issw cl~............... , ·Ccbt ____

in~ PC' eo Cl .=Idool pooYu_p1labie1 inl ""'biP 'my ........It aca for pvgd ht poor,are'OO• _Id ...... up Ihelr ....bI.. for I

dliIdeu ril;h 1Odetr. In the DDflWlC

cl tk ....... cl 'the cHId. .- mall)'

chink of <he w .......... adopl:I'4: d'Mld

is sure m bao. ............ io at ... _alonl••• 0'.' wh, hu p.rlnu.dio 1 +hld!'IW. or ........ ~;••1 ina fore~n eoun.,.,. oh. buo do.

P 'I .d rftud m dihi" .. "'*""'....-The utquardt for bhc ,..., +............ or for plruteelrlf; that I

ldd< 11 Id chId.",. an * ....w:l dIiId~bew.-ISI" ,+hod ...minmal. Openinl I bank ICC nC(wNre)'O" hr:oe m".Me u01 ...d I ". lIUCh U I n:dDn ard) is1Ir..-. ..... than a bab,.AI dlat 11 req.Jired oi;nawm ....a ~.IImp,.....n-..-lI'lO( be laall1 by..,...... Adcpdoo•.,.oa easily admit tt-. ...- d thfL~shmenf~ .... fabe. 'WIlo_­bodoetI ...... ,......_k i'I dIit courrtry7WI!y co/dl ont,r odoplicn dfIiI(ifl forrhit', ..)'l ..... 'C""'1 otIC.. A110MlcchlldrHl '" IN.hifct;d from laCIto lno....er 11 Inothtr Irll er.C"RA luldlllne. hlYt encouracedrnisuw. W!M"I tlwre ...... bten .....thin lrnpl. 111'1'1, of blblel, I. I.repor.ed INC the.. 1nl~ mKlrab, Taml Nadu or Mumbll ""-­their pap.rl for Inc.r-co......,..adopO::Ml artI I""CHM

CAM', ......, It ..... s.... eo... 10resporsible for nlOll'l: ~C I i ,. •KCMtJ In eadl State. ewer the bst--. .... bIloIor....... -.- ....In Andll"l f'rIdetl\, wi:lI dM Sta..C ~ dM aeenou andfO I,dinC nil. to CA"" forKupcance. YCA rKOfdt .... dla>ty...,..... about d'llmbaJMce bet eal......... , ............ , h,· ..y~ tht~ -..- In ¥CA hasbeen OFF 0010.01 ad! ......0- in

~-

-• •

I

nLwent wrong?Mue" of the IVPlX'Jed ItnnP in the~UYWoptiol. "'WO'"'enios in !he alllrma<ion 011 "bot=<" life'a ....~ in die West. While_

'- no~ of ' .... : lily namirlq:...mal hu happoiMd '0 our bible.abroI4. _ ...... 1I'l)'""""*"d 1""","

In~ and ....,m.e. of the'IUC"" Itorll" of Int.r.countryadoption. Thu .h~r. could W I__side Is Mldom nMd. W. areprKiody dol", rhis wt.... ... putbefore you Juu!~, Chlllpuhl'.~~ T.H.s. Chalap.llhi is...cired JudI•. Punjab .IId HlrpNHI.., Coun A le,eM ,e"deman ofmuwred ........... his concern for thep1iJh< of childAn led him to 10 on

..-"'~

IlK.. ,." 1992-')4, he had ..... beI asI CM! Coun !udr and deak wfthiM.r-e....nuy adoption•. When IrI

'99'. he WWlt to ..... US on I prioau...... he dIouaht dIa, htI could lpendhis time usefully. and tried to ((In,,,.the US adoption ,.,nell' WhOl1....... tat had ,a... ,iboa ad. """"" f"..qcdlO~.-..axJu whi:1I f.......,obeell' -cM A....ian .. ':~DVlA~ (SlIlff M"rt/IG ","eo' cnd'r"unori""O' FI/ml., Inco,poroud

!§.V'~ Itooj, both 01W~

lOa'e ~I)' re/IIclonl 10 oI>w me 10

_ !he doIMft. 11 __ """"" , fOI sudo 0,...,~""'lhem ""'" CCInl<Iaed.......... fmbaar.Il_.rM NdlI ,u id arr-l ID CDOpe'OIe wilh-'

'R<.no"" Roo re/Ult'J 10 It<J>e _ '"~

ItN: c/IoIcftn lIIlM I!omr. orlM~cd~ '*~ rhallle-"di'llob10 """",,,Md dwit por...a 10 his~,., "'-"~ I could med diem.E... ""r~_~"*,,hiI .,'tcIparents rumtd..po Y Md SWr r.....,0(s.we,,~MD, hod dliI drId ""-'lhty hod IIGmed jonGrhotl. &om in ApiI'992, ~ _lDkM fot If:p" • by dler~ .. '~J. ~heWIII_

r-r-s 0/( / fM he WIll~ {tom" ' • ilia4 Ho _ nol""'lO~«Mt. .",. he rItI.M """'" hc:d, _by~_.dI.

S1sW Mot1Ilo soid docK silt! -.Id lok~

_ 10 lh~ hau,es 0( the children. r~l

dlooIp , Mfed for T-~ JIM COlIIdlab rrNI 10 cWy _ hcmo! .. 1.0.£111.....ooIIen! _ mn l#loe l J • ~~ _

ItN"" A Hum CO<l~ 1IIq we..~ Tllqltad adop«d .. /2,.., fItd

""'""- ........ is o.o.""appo aM /lis,oullf~r I,ner III AUfu11 "92.o.o.""appo_ born .. Oec 19BI, ondhis IiIW ..~ I 'U Their rcnllerItaddi«I .. OPt w:ddooe, 1IIOCher Itad...."""Ied 10~ .-.oche<lJal,aM silurll(_'.... *.... 1tad /efi IO....., .. _0»4 Sf' -u.I focmr1 .....illdulufo' ....t<lOrts or Hyd,robo</ !Cl

A.pport hir l"lU"I'fsil:ler. n.m. he _10"-~ rhefl .. couple orli1lel,ottd _ ..... III rIM! llomoI SdIooI O'l

Niva' ' 1 (or .. ,..,. CM /lis n:leoM. he_ ..... ID _ lOw. ,.,.,.", /lis _

IIlllY'*"odr'-J-.~ .. J992._1CSW~"",*"ibr'" 101

••- - ----

\-

p'~

"•..~-....•••..

"""'~........'"..,..".."

••••,••

,...­,..........(~

g

T"

""'".........~

fIOd rhe;r UJtnL "'" older man 1Iys,'Set IIoo:st~ r«b lhm1 Ht """"'"... ""'" (lit aouIo"}.

A~ onte Ay. "Don'tbnt: 8tfJ'O ,., rd Ht Iood Iried'4 ...., III 6l1f iIlft on hir bo( ondID1 foikd. MidI a(!he tI'IIlMJ' _ in

die cfaq 0( knJ.'

I"1:Ironl (on(ir.,1es. "Once / MOI.oell ritdIt .. It" by !>,!oplt whOlt! uap myMbtnIIIod ................ond /rodNo '" fl_,d wdt lht......,.. Ortce....... dIiI Srir-"l, """" .. 14ot .....'*'1 Oft lht~ MIiII dIit "" SlId fn""ts to IJ t/Iid: lor llCW<Itt/. •was "....... badly t/I<>' I to<>\. ~ 20<1 pam myf«I..- ond _ '" If rJoaor" dot dip.1llt doclDr wid1_1Iurt1O.....eIl tho!.~GM' (I". &lI ... --.Id.... "". Md CSht "._ tha< ....CltlC.~ up I bl& """" _ hit hw~withit.)

'A\' mot/ot•.....,.."has dway:t """""'rodIWrI. O!htrwise low """"'" 14 Or Qe dVsl1(,.. awdt ..... QIl ,.." lIll jIil«s: ondYIom.I don'~ _ .. _"""....... ~Jqh\>oI.nacoo.nd .. tellwto cool down..Sh.e ...,.. 1 _'t ad......__ ........... eocfy.why

wI / ""'" rk/wrlJ He lOkes hem W cookI'InI4 na ..... 10 Wter """'*\ bt.t roMI

.... IX /tome. •""..... tmr lilt '*'= IfircI/wn! _ltt lIS 011_ lk.t "" _t do it·

1-*'"ond"'"...,dlMM.l hoot..... _ 1(1 t" '* It doe S" dosI,~ ci'fs.. ~ ond J" dsJ. 0... bay lied ........14 _ 5-6 mond:s olcl. ond.-,;rls aIJodird <It 0 ........ ..,.. , was wry l"""'i"

l/ltlt / cMl' "'-01''''''. f_ dlour"•w ..bIt 'r ~...,. pt tI ·14 my

"'""" do ""-"fPO'1 me. , lII:IId .., fIIdrtt.,.. rftooN~__ till! ••-.

or ..Mi.Wo\ ,-M~ btlIn~ <J#r.~ did you "'""' ... to dIit ",../

':£_ IhauefI .... /IlIJooe ant! ond _~..., .. t od........., ""'"'son. 1cMl' __ .., more. /l ir 14 wIoo

"'"~ uo,.... WhtIt.., botIr.. ;w _ /:IanI" 1999. /lom so.,Il

MlIWll. ~nd wtt'I~ to _ ......

She I' Du...,., Nlik·. eldec slltec.0 .....,., i' the youthful leode.·,.tlllIent of P' l..amllalb. Hakkllla~ oamid'L I'Wcri. .......

haoI po.... up lw d*d ....- to

~.", R..o.

Wbtn we drow down [0 T"nJmI\clrith.and•.•bout 18 km, aWlY f.om~ <!InM.I&l' <HribI. 'Old, 01"

..tu, pm.ed tor roaOs. MuonI hadcor-Io<..~ .....-.-wcrk .......

~ ""'" a_y fn:Im '- ........."--_ no nowI. W. me< Iter ""*'lhe ...wmecl. g,on and ......rMIylllnotd. in. IIu dle .1wlI. (OlOlOOUI>nddina..,.. 01'- blod'ltl.Sh.e WII

1'IOl"""'" to ...."' .... 8ul",.setmId(onpell.d to ..lit - .ome Inn..(~ "",'_ u doe J&It1nCwo<t1. pou ",.,.. wu no.~ '- in broktl'l T.......half .. flutnt.l..ambltI. she did not (lire

for dot ribaldry cl ...... ntl;.t>ou"- 01"_ thI joldrtr III"CHm of "'I LHPShnol,~ ...... bn:Ittr: III bb"e.Her~ hid a 1IOIitkItl oIlhoir .......

Tl'Io dlti'III......... 'diu "Of<t4lIll ........... wi\1l_.. r.on cM __0( "'" ,........ n.r IlIIII _ hi m.,IIod "JOIW' r....~ 11: _ ontrr;.e )""011" Jinc. rhoy hod IoIi /n6cL W.Iw<J~ _ fl , , "'" _ $ll!J'ftl"

1I1llbM:'".... AI rtey SOl down for UldI1I UCIIIrd ""fItlfQI , -.Jd IlOI f<II ­wer-~ food}. 1fol.nI !he dIIIr;hn

_""C. I /IlIOll ""~ lIll o:slCJooniroppo 10 sMw _ his .......r~ I 'iIf>"Ott.d _ ~ .. £..,w.10 III _ 10 /le ~ood !lr !he

f""'iIy. WMn n' W his room. ""uN .... """ "" fI'lInI edutlllfd and,.., 10 study "oeddi le o{rft" his IdDd__ He wid lid hII Jittu __

~ ~-Jd\DIt slot ................ ell ....... He !De IIod lIll......, .. !he'/IiIdJ a:ier IdtooIIan. He ecPOti.ed hisWe l:l _ 10~ • his Jbda. 1

,.,.,. IIm "'T oddmo ond "Ifet'rd ..m..h$1<"'*I. Hll<II<rdllfllO'lt IIodaMiwy...,..,.-.........._.... "'"I IIod pttr D _ doe dltie'I wtfo ....

opttt riod. .. on --.. both MtI 0( 1_1lotn ond~ .... dIiI....dIIdo ..' • felt. piIy tot !hem. WktI, n.:.ll ... potblr's IlouH (poOl';'. to a<e,........ ,a w.."""(l.... I ""'''''''''' hou$e down the H"" about 20 (Htpe<trpWnt wItII both lhe F"nt. SKrtIOly. .-"It' cidn) __ 10 mcwtY lle".a. IdMr. s..- and MoIfIuwcIon""" ...,. Jlift"b IIod ...,.. bid lrCItII<laioI'Ir".y ..pre,,,d lIM IfIoCIbiIitr of "'. wiclt .. "", lhy Jdid, .......EmbctsJJ~ W. <Inl""*........... Al-,-na ".... IIod.,_Iw'4>Ut:41y1cd: o(""ond .. If<,... 0(-. ontr...-.,....~ Thty CDtM ody for-d ~ ""'*"~ <:IuthmtJ.,tporU ~rtd b1 f1H! US OCM;'" Ht ir on .....,.. It<~ ....,. _tJres .. sunoer ir Cllniluard cotwtIcxl.... andbtoame •••• ,a,,_He ..... _.....,.."""r - ... Ideo. In .. <OW<lI ..-drIf 011 ..... bid, once .... had S ocrtS, _

Wh If Us.bcntd tIlUIn'If)'_!he llllCnt)". _ '- only _ Ho: IlOIIOId """"_""'- ft ..., m • oed dtat lI:oo:A: _ .- __--. Ora IIood

..... US t:idafIlioe r-- "*'~~ D~ ......ttsAs /....._ ••","',.. If drId ,..... ....,_.. ..., _ CtImt~ .. " '" .... dtat0( ..... , 1Iod.-. tIftIl foo_cW (to /oil; «<4t Iood *.. -r Iht sd; 0(Mr. Atarw« M"""'~. CIJtA. riI;e from !he """'e. I rIf/I bad<, Wo mybut , rtaM<d /Ill~ fton'l 1oulbot4 pid:td up lhiI bllloc ~ beat

IIIern. ..... ae,......."""'_' .... ""'" .-odJunke Chalapulll Ibo wu kind $NI t OMG)'. He aa OMG)' riI:t. lit--cl' 0 ~ hiI dloolpta with..... [O/I;es 0WtI'f~ .... 10/1;.. o-..rySo wu Huonl. W. had hun:l cl .,cI•• lit .. jhI {Tht I ·d' n

fIdopdon for OIaHlloppo and his Pmt.twJ IM chiIdrero ....I'l! _, to I/Mi Us.

...""., f,.,,.,•

,.,-,od~-~~..""Id'"• I~

"..m

".. ,It I*•••••••~

•,•,•••,•

.... the discuuion proc...... _ see

Wl the ....... '" pc~iNlQled widl MlronI. It HemS !heyhave no hme to addres. en. iuue 01...,....... ::'1 iC.-d'ler'-"ud'.-I

away dMIr baIIia. 1lIis i5 0/~hWIly .....~ For e:uITlf*,Ol\ 0<11" ¥ls11 <0 Omb Nalk thanda(Peddemul Mandll. "an,u.ddydis<ricQ 20 '*"*. If fin.,.~.....ue wiI:h dMr had Si-'up their blbi Ye< when tll•i" llpton twTIId .... wiI:h pen andpaper. orq S oIlhtie 20 Dl'Iiaed",have <Mir pi babies.. Maronl~ for enmpIe. cid not ..panto the dpton cNt her~y wuaMn a-y.

"""",<IJ1.81UH12.40

USUS

19 pr11 per100 f.L."..

I 2.' l

15.5' 8.05... S1.JSS2.18 dalqhten '81

10 I $OIl ~,-

1.16 ,.os", 0.92

,-

trill. birth•. TN' ~ 1.98l1 I~mll~

babies ani liU/)' mdoinc 01 the~oampIt 01 9.223. ThiI couIcf ir>cIiatt, ... I Mb.1( oil '"rt hi&h order.

faI, T I &M'lll away lMir P1 babia~ npon....- po.u"...:I................. 01 .... ;" thtfa"E"~. "'et- aa to NGOois rtpOtUd lire. k , be .-edtha' I' i' de • .,..- """" cb tI 1up IS NGOs. W__ to~

lom. parl1tlpnlo" I" duilio".rqardI"I child.....·' "-re. Deopi<e1"""1 ,wly <heIr ..... llabi.... <hesebmllitl r.port hili- pen:o:maae 01r.naIt daaw dwl ..... rMt.

JUl<lu Chlllplthl RIO Wro,.. '0

CAM I" 1997 1u.1f lbout h;. USuperr."ul. I"d Maro"i 10« hrllaby In Im. In th~ "'~I yel"'"much 01_ hu been 10... and w. hay."0' rupo"d.d 10 ,h~l~ di"ren111",11. Th~ pr~l~n, probl~m 01ralinqulshmen, ol pi children by theLambadu is no!. I new pMnomenon.I, was reportad in 1997 by Gr'amya;Grwnya _. to die et- Seumty.Social Well,... 'boon POloi>le child..le. The Governme", (Com.m1uioner. Tribal W...... [)opL) had

"" E"qulry Commln.. 1f'POi"'ed.<he "rml of ..f~renc. Includi",ido>cha 01 die cauoa and utMt

01 infandddt 01 salt atrIOtC tht1.amI>ada$," The Committee did IlCiC

......, dIId insteadliHJId _, a.- 01 ~in T,'1, III I and how thiIprlulu WII ,oln, on. Th~

C ,.,..... t'fto...._1d vWa by(ou""lIor.. I duper ..udy.

compullory ~tIon tor ,;..... Ire.ldenllll Ifrh' .ChOOL .,1f-MlpVOUPSolwomen,ino inp".'health aJ"!f" and conIan< '''OIl " _11of prtINIK mochu"s. -.: W-o..........idI~Gnmya _ asbd

to ,"k' up I prolnmme Ina...,,~ but <he project __aborud .......y. WIlen the seanlIQnlbJ broke ....t I" 1999 .nthGnomyl a.ltJnl thl lead InreselrelNn,". varIovI paptrlepoo"jill~u thtpolice In Chand,mpe,"11 • I odwtdp (oil_"i1ed che stories..In Im. "-r s..ctIiIb and Sani-nRao wire Irrened on '''".... ofb.,.-,""" aa5ddo.- Their~w..e uncelled by CAAA. on lbere,,,mmlndnlon of ,IHI S....Governmen.. However. ,hildren'ontinued to be pidled up. and IS theS..ce 'ICA re,ord, lhow. 'dopOonrnu. par,lcularl, in'er_coun,ryldoptlon ntu did no, drop 60wn in1999 and 2000. SanJ...... Rao too.

co"tl"uld '0 pick up b.biel. TI>ef!p'eI opak telll"lfy for~(...,~ pili).

The 1999 CIMI ..... III fWmy tha''wo y,"" Iner - In 200 l. ,heet.,dLE«~~ 1l.ao IIacInor ye<~~ k • .....,. recendy.... thiI ha be. done.~ ..,.,...,out ... W Sanjeewa Iba condnued... pick up ba.tNa.. Other apnciesmnQooued chelr -* """"- paIIIL

~1100'.4_T..,.. Lorolrcear, pld<ed up mo".,1Um.. /u ittypiul with <he Go on, anncondnued to furlalon in clet. o<:t-./u 1wI. '1.I.lllOI, Sdhu

Vihar applied for ...,obeilhlp in theVCA., 'he body whkh <he Gov..supuwded ....... months 1lI_.In 11ardI2001.1he s&ory brokeout in the fIftu ...... che 01 dielUm.aa.k.a 'olke to the 8ethan1Home. T~. With the vi'il ofShancN kedd,t. H-.b«. Nltio<Wc.o......Iuion for W...... and Ihe Eaa·Itdot& I"IfIOI'U byJamunaand~.public ...pon., and new'paperrepor1I became~ "' Ihe encnadoption II""CY Kenario. and cMSa.. GooenvTlUl' ...... cIeciItwtiyinto action by pauin& orden IIrptybanninc the KCtpQftCe 01,.. I ! "-dbabies by..... and 1<eePnIdllldo.,wi,hout llcenc.. from ,he SUteGore" ........ TheVCA .....I~and the Sa.. GoY<. ternponori/)' tookover iu mlnlllmln,. "nlla hn.Slnjenl RIO. Savl,ramma Wlrl:orres<ed. and FIRoIiled apnlt TinderlCIvinI eve 01 St. There"·1 Hospital.

WIw was CAM', roIt/ Sa)'l CAMMember Secretary. Oev 'Iarmlit\, lAS....... 'nil: Ileoti,,(rile .... tl 'GfU iduin M CGI'I be ,.,."M 1'1 rile~ Ih« IIIM!_ .... /)4 ..<I ..y "1" 4",274~ 1:' clnAlln20Cl0.ThealIlIPOOOrl'llirInI fer kraIo on 41(~ and 126 (r>aUIU)'1 andfot kItfOI- 272 (..-crrt ot>d 162(_~ NI dle ... "' ....inw~uy Lift' 4 ""'P ........1.000. ofwlWdl MoW...aJoDo dlebIA t{~ soo.AI_.-.d"*"_ 200.' Cold a>mIon: Iflli .......

~ 11aharasllcTa. IIo..e••he 1qI. """.... 1111 hu ID bedone by tht Sa<e Go•• ,",.,~

A,,•,,,1

,

\

'"," '-"_ ....... ~ .... I'-atta 010<... t1ADA, tt ........::;;;z:. ;; 'i« "' .... T...., W.... 0" ......... _

VVhnl~nlwrong?

"

Adoption details 1996-97 C"CA~l(~llllll were available only lor I f_ agentla•. Thi$ Ii$( is ntIlher comfO enensloe nor exh>.ustivoe.)

NlmtI of I(e>Cy l..:oumry .dopdon In.trcO\lll<ry adopdi>l,Ile~y Home MIle .. _ Fcmol" 8 Male I _ Frnule 10

Adoption deWls '997-98 (YCA r«or<Is)

NlmtI of qenq lncounuy Idoption

Bcdlany Home MIle) - Fo:=le STlC M,le focure no.

known _ F"""le 29

Adoption dewts 1998·99 (VCA .--dl)

Name of agl!rq I""ount/')' ldoplioilBcWny Home M.... ]-=~Ie 5TLC Mllle (, - Fem,le 28

Inttr<:0Ul'lVY adoprionMlleO-f.~lc ISM>1e 'lure l'<l'

kAowr' - F~ 26

Inten:OOf\Q')' adoption

Mo'" 2 - Fenlllle 15M.le 2 - Fem>1e 29

Adopliotl deail, (VCA reeonh) 1999·2000

Name of qetq Children admitted

ICSW (ond Anil.>. SenlTend.r Lcmnl C>.re8elluny Home

Moole I J - Fe"",l. t ~M~I. 12 ~ Female 118M,ie ~ _ Femo.t. H

Incounuy adoption

MIle I I - F'ttnale 0Mlle 2 - Fem:lt. HM"'e 2 - Fem.le 7

lfltercount/')' aOopdon Incl.NRJ. ~nd I.pflci:aI need, children

Moole 8 - """,le 27MzIe 2 - ~m.:li. 60Mllle (, - F.1Nle 19

Adopdon <IeWk (VCA record.) 100lJ...2001

Nameof~

ICSW (IncL An>l~ SenJTend.r LoYinJ: ea...,,--

ChiId....n .dmitted

M~le ~ ~ Fcm~l. 11MooI. 2S - fem,le 20tMoolc 1 - F"m~le I1I

Inccunuy adoption

M». r - Female 16Ma" I - FemW 67MII. 2 _ F<:m>1e I r

Jrm!f"COUnt/')' adoption ind.NIUs and lpecial needs child....n

M~le I - female 28M,le 1~ - FernaIe 59MlIe 9 - F."",le 29

Afler 1997, the ~dminl$lrlllon

r..ned by Openlnl leverllang.nWlldis in Ch~ndampet MoondaLNo 0111.,. nep wu taken toImellorlte the condilion. of theLamb.du. 10 provld. them wllhlome form 01 seasonal emplo~10 Idenlify I~ndl thlt could b.assigned to them. to help them withdry-bnd cultivation Inputs. U> ake upwomen·suppon p'ognmmn • theStue's prime scheme for women.DWCAA ...... nol even al<en to thelNndu. Our survey. four yurs IlterIn 2ool, IndlClu.s the. Chlnd.mpet/'Itel lowest by all in<flCators amongthe four co••, eel M~nd.tJs. It reponedthe hl&f>nt f1Ite of mlf:1'IIion (In the~ ategoI')') for wort< - 89.08"­the hllhes. numbe<" of reporting of

,0\11$ {P'rsonl "jsibnl dle wndl f<xakina .way tirl chikhn) - (26.7" ofOur rupor'Idoents). the 1ec:0<ld hithes.Incidence of bonded labour (4.46'.1101 Chandlmp'" families). the lowestincidence of OWCRA croup.(O,U"). ,he hichen Incidence ofdowry In the I'W'ge of RI. 50.000- IIalch (14.23"). u well u femaIa infantmoru.lity (l,Ol" in con,ran with0.15" for m.Je Inflnts). The DSP,DeYll ...konda felt,~ M nor beonany do, " ,,,,,,I in /he Ios! 30 """"" I/Io¥e lfe> ~ It>en, ...,,; , 0'\1~ t ap..-. , /o:IYo! been~ rile ><me 1llLO'CMIt !he roods ,....,~ noxIirc chi:,",,'

Al lil. lime of our .........y• • veryGovernment offICial we met 1I dle

Mandor Iev.l......med k....n to polnlout dlu Lambadn pve up lileir tiribabi.' ....rywher•• i•• uc.pt in!heir ~reas. Their feeli", that nothingwould come Ihrough ~nywlY.

beau,e of !he paucicy of tile fundiand lile lnaccesd>ilily of dle lhandu,11.0 Clme through. They openly~dmilted thal f Governmem: offidalvisited the tIwidu. WIles. !here wuI IpKTal impef1l'l;,.e to do '0. Thereleems no point ~ bbmlnl the policeor the W.....en,hkd Child W.lfue

~=:nedn::~~o::~qe""ie. «> CAAA I....pll• all theseKaITIS, when we~ lhel~ ......no poIiliaL no ~dmlnis~ will allo:hrough. The I..ambadu were "ndined .., dlnre...lln~ls Ihll their

,;'\

--'-----------.,""".' -1

c~ wu in a crisl••

Wt rtlpondtd by blaminl thel.ambMIu. 'The nt .. P'lP"'" hudlines~ed d>e ·IW·. admjniltr~tlon

~Itd It rn<> ocher~V-to up Ita babiel') and ";rcuall)'... ,bud) Iou poln~ an aceu<inl....... Ihem. The poke picbd ....LM.' *, by doe donn. but than.... and f'WCIStanod c:ua .-mt chem..In ..... proceu. _ puc !hem in

I corner !Mm and It imp' si_for thtm .0 rtlpond.W. ""'nc....v.nl.nll' llnor.d the............. and ...............:1 diMu....t IIboo.-.d in doe ,.... ....... andciIie$ of Andhn Pndnh. and Ior •po1Uo.. tell doe panna what .... "'"child 11. Wt hn. conytniently1Cn0Ad dD' mod....tdy -a-lCKIopeople can ....... 10 in b' a medialtlrmlnlllon of preln.ncy onpari.cd, IapI vound, (ilia, it will

QUI. the rnoINr dbUti$ " $Ul6ciIrn1fOWId). In no oth"r cante>« h:;uthe victim becomt the ylll.ln ..,In Ihll t""'lltdy.

!n 2001. It wa. m.dla, Iwn-h.an<l.dsometio,_ ce<lllnl" Wt kept up thepreslll". Newspaptr ..-parten -=repnulntly homIIed and thue wu akind of commltm.nt b.hlnd theltoria. SlarieI appared m(l,..... n Ifter April 20 hen theGovuNntnt publkl)' dtcll'lOd ju

............. SlOp~ babiesreadolo...... 1:$ ti"" IIp'IdI!I and to

........... "" tlChdn& ......

Responses of NGOs:NGQs- hid not rapo"dlOd to .....Il-. .- ha... ther' bHn MmiI:isedIII doinl 10. Shlyarnp.. Ind in...rroundilll M.anclah. for exarnpIt(Toopran. KowdlpllIl) ""', ""'dtralkltirc: in La-b'r!a p1 dlti., !or...... r-"' ........ y~ till ..... oan*lW-up in doe po--. no NGO ..... DCin the Irea. and there art pleftcy.11.."d ...ch oth.. or theGoyernm.n. Ibou. oh. dlllr....SO,......., 10 With P,1l1 'M and w­...... 8abnapr tspccially till a retardnumber oINGOI in tf>t area. Tocb.,.

r;;

ohe Llmbldll Ire Ic.ptical 01 IIINGOs and CI'Irilti.o.n In.Iiurtio<I•. I,i' a dlllrult born ou, of the',>oI.""",t 01_ 01 them in IiItirc...... "'....NGOs worlt in -r spedlklector.l are LI,.," h.uu ofd... elop....n. and human conc......are ""-' 0,""::1 ad bp d>em. or Iefr.alon. 11 iIlIprUtiUI to ult. on.Untouchabil", for In.unc•• II,....c-,_SoudITm.,.dislricu and RapJu....... dbtricu.

whidI abo ha... "'" ~l ounber01 NGOI in AP. While NGOs wiIworit ......., Scheduled c...... forincOftlt Itnerllionllotencyl1l..lt/limseI, __~ itulI it ftOI

Iddreutd tlI I mllor UUltTopfteoccu....

Il.t.pon... of .11 commun""........Iiord of the Lwrt .6't-.. i'IOt

uniform .............. the YIIiouI tunann;rt~~ did ftOI rapond to,lot In..t, L.mb.d. communlt,0I'JI"'iU6oI'Is cooa",,>td the~ inbib'.... The Umbad. H.kIcul> Pan..5.mlthi and the AI' GI~~toOl< ....~. in doe tNnd;u toCOllnter ,he rellnqul.hment (moreabout <NI in doe ne>tt chapter, 'Whathas been dont riJllt'. tu we..,"""• wart at el'Jorts bt' OtNn.

The legal framework:The la.. _. ""equipped to dul

~ ..... chahnce 01~wId 01 in"," ,,0t6cansenl. 1lIet'to is no

po>' ionb'Cl"'Cin~TheState GcJw<. ......... vyq 10 uN Ihspo.' : 01 s.c l66 A in dw IndianPenal Code Ir'l the UiItlI 5Ied. Thisconcerns dlo: procuntlon 01 minor

..... F'oict oIksaII rnilt the lilinr;

..... oHs chItJt. beauw doe reasonlor inclulion of thll Itctio<: ..,... icio. b' pu .. ': I 01 cnfI'IdtlnI(ItxuaJ) In rniftor ~rll. H... chtprocunlioft of 1"1 blbl.. is .... ,olt.",lbly for , ..ual pu'poJe'.

htlh.. tl'll. Itetion un be.....lded to •..,iQbfy _ an.......­01 trade should be looked inlo.

......, It cannot be trllted ....,.

U I I.... Is...... If p.o......u who I!'",hei' fir] bible. ar. pro..cuted ill~ It defNa ..... -r f'Il'POII!inl.....ention.

The police cues:CII\e tl*lI .-no; dtar. k is unliloIIyca••icWb .... be bal..-l in <heu ... f"""dinI belore the c........"'1' ,.......,pw "'-itand _ 01 tt- dtliant - We.............. We ... bqiol~coses _ deomI.' The QIft ........

boobd Ilh l6llblliciic 0Ul<he~ 01 doe Ir..uprdiarI.<he Is"""'......-). l4S (pr'OCltnIion........ pot), l68, l7J~ or......... for prosdtulitln). 420 (t:MatinIJ,468. 465. 467. 47l. 141. l4). )44Hoc.

TaIte the coat 01 Stc. lfJ - procurircminor withoul doe par.nu' perm' .Thit. is ytry proYliblt Indeed. Ilnce ::hotparenu hlY. I"""nlly ....t .IJMd thenli"'luisllmtnt papen thtmsetves. Thtoth.aYe betn made up ., doe Mloption oHktwith "'" htlp of tht .,..,... Say. M.".tIand Labh......n of Goripddl thv>dlo hive...... up their baby. The rellnqulshmenlpapers will nltu""lI, 11.... oomt o,herNIIlII and ....,.. Wl\It doe police .houldhave done (we do ftOI~ "they ha...done thi.) it to visit the YlIlqe named,loa.. the per.- roamed. in ..1Iteihood,thest peopIt art non-exis t. So thepoke~ gb ••01 " from theSupanch of dDt yiIl& <fw. noadI ptnOfb and """- "'" ....con- !or. doe SarpadI 01 the .....(from the .tlC*""'" of no ......per-. was _ tabIl) wiI boch (..... hoaiIt I be of d brky.For potopIe haye dI u_ ..00II>

pro6u. thew petty indeed..0... c...a Ib-'" re btne6r. atdouI:t 10 the iKObtd. Htnc. If X it no<""nl. doe ".... dw'll:oI dD. the__'X was ftOI '-:tIln _ ..... was ....I .... T.a the aa:used atl'rilt.

..­--

How Lambadas live ­in a Modern Stone Age

lInlna :.: ,'..-,• Nw

"'" .10ior "'\.

,,'", rn,....."",.....'~~­.ther

0'"~~

"",ood,rn,...,~

~

lI.,e;uch

"'".ry,0",,.,,,"=.1.~

Oml:>. Naik tha..d:>. li.e. in undut>.~nl

'errain vinually at Otle eorner ofAndhra Pradesh, 'hree kilome,resfrom we M~r.arashua bonlef". Over 0

hundred kilomelfes from Hyderabld.and26 kilomelfe.lrom PeddemuI. <hesleepy ......nd.) hudqulrlel"l, O...I~Nlik dwIclI is about 1 km 011 me <:ar

road When it rains. 0Mb N.lk <IwIdais eut off from the /NII' .o.d becauseWe !weer.a road hu ,,,,,,",,,I cul.ernon ill way. Ind will be rendered,""""torablt. 1he~ cbim chat itto the biIItst wanda in Ranpreddydi:ltr~ 1,10 named .lter Omlll Nalkwhose 'relit rnnd-daughtera ......mbet",en, not 0 .,.". uncOlT'o'nOn occurrancein <his dwKlo.

Nineteen women and one mOl' ,It

t>eIOl"e uo - all of them have ""en up....... «in child to each Sa"';cnrnm:a·,lleth:any Home In Tandur throu,hParvati. 0 L.:ambldl woma" from I

nur1>y INoncb In Karnat:ak.a. They havenot lone '0 the Tandur Homewemoe!>" .". ';,ned any ,......rL Allmey know Is that P:arv:ati pld<ed up thebibles. They dilOll~ their reuon.openty. The lone tnV'l. H:anin&h- hidbHtI~~cul,urallabourer--hehadhId:an ernetlenq' operation in G;ondh;holpit:aI :and could not do hard workofter- it. He had no< even been .ble to

walk for dinone", before thtoperulon. Hu,I ..,h hn four

dough,,,",:and p.e o~y hi. ~f<h. Theo,her women coo have over fourd.u,l1ten. Their dras- <radirioN.l butmuch ,caled clown from the usu.1finery. jewellery IfId embtoidcry wori<.te!tifiu to their pove~.

jaminl &1, tll.e mother·in_law of two

such women, urn 01 whom has livedaus"..... each. 'l"iedy offers u' two

b.blu. ToI<" /hem and brin,rhtm up:,he A1'. 'My htIlbon<l is deod, /lorh mydourlllrts-irJ.«lw _ in ba1 o(I.et drivety- how om I 10 feed JO many hunrrymouth.? I married my cIouthtet 10 0

~ 'omay in Gulbolf<l two yeM0(0./hodptomiseo' Ri. 60,000 os dowry,but my hu>bo>nd died. ... I h"""n't po;d ~

yet Thoy beat my dcaJr/lw orld lenl het

b«J<; 0'" e/den irKerYened and Jenl herbad<. How am I to pay che dowry7 0""do<Jrhter.fn.law bro<or/Jt in Ri. 3,000, ondrhe odIu nolhint. Now bodt _ is bed.OM do<Jrhw-fn./aw delivered losl: nof/Itand die alheT Iosl wW<. Each />os ,....~ oIrNdy. My JOllJ ore worl<inrinMLmboi. on<l' Il<M to feN le" dIidTtilofld rhree oduIIs.' Jaminlllai wa"'he! UJ

quietly _ w~1 wt take her up Otl heroffer! How mud! do __ have to l'&ylWusk. ·Nothlnt.'shu:ays. 1CDr1~(eedlhtm t>nd brine !Mm up. y"", (Oft,welhtm 0 bellH life.'

JamInIIl:afJ predbment Is renecwl inme <>dIer volcel. There Is wor!< h......

, ,

II

" .. 1"'1 :ho ,"pr.~" ,.A, '--'Or ,,,

vl.lclnl ""y Govt. offic.. or .hudyh.... to !pend ~bou, R., ~ on !>U.fares .10.... The road lbIIks th.. Peddav.., ...,f>;<h Is a broad rivuIe<. moIdy

dry durlrol our vi"" in July andAUlun.Th .. " .. n.. IJ pinur .. ,,;ueenoulh ..ith hug.. boulders nonlonlthe ro~d Ind th.. rood itself twi"inglOO 'u,n"'a; frequently. At the ti",eof wrlti., thi. report (Octohr2001). tht ro~d hId beenunmotorable for doH to ten daY' Uto the hling of boulden..

from I .... point further on. )'DU anIM the greenery on the <><her side ofthe N.ga~un~ Sarar Ilk... Aridlt)' thisside Ind k.h Veenery t:he other - tiltcontrast could no, be mor.. strikira;.36 ,"1I~gc.w ..r...ubmerged when th..N.rju....lpr projea was buih In1'52. O"""Mun",'J lnN.bit:tnts hid tomi,rue from their di,pl.ced .;n~lt

::..out 2 lr:ns ~W>ly. wh.-.. they 10"somt 280 Icres. In rett.n\, Go..... fI""m..m only 90 "ere' of rc<:1cy I,nd ..comPft'Sl'tion to 18 far.ooiIiu.

MOJt of tht vilL.1g",.. mil:r:o", for C1'i"

h.1lf the yar to Gunt..... TNs wndo.reports 0IlI of th.. h,pst level. efmla;n.tion - 99.23~ which mtI/IS theentiA ~, would be emptying _

in able·bodied Inhlbitlnu afterO....~'a. T~tr. ,re ~ine bond.d

bbouren, cI..nom 4aro childrer. Thtth.ntb hII ...nganWldi" (thouz!> only2 of_ l12respor>tlen"Sly theyWlttheM'" ~nlt ones there). and I Khool

w~..e there is • ttach.r. Wh.. rlU.60'4 of the childr..n of our a;..nen!Jlm~le ....r.. lit..rue, 'heoorre'pondlng figur.. for O",,"nkunawas only 7.)81;.

The ,ex ..do i. ;».rtlcur~rlydlsturbioa;her... Only 1.68 f~le births ......,.

r" 0 ........"".. ~ ,110 "'" "",.,. ......,.. "'"""', G~, -,

't<__ I*dlo. IlK ...... _ .. , ""'"__ day< 01-"'.

bo: ak..n to T~ndur fur l/'ell<ment

(W.. found oth..r r..porn 01 bidworklnl tonditlons in mllrnorywork. In N..rlapall' £r:om panchy..thand.1•• the umbld rea;ullrty go toworltat TlJ'hpa1~ r Siddipet. They~ that two of them hid died 10In 'cd.,.", th......}

Hutyali Sal the daiam!lll (there aretwo in the d... ndl) complalm that no

doctor comes to me wnda.. If tt>er..is Iny iOne... peep.. ....... to &<' to .....

private doctor It Thattopllll. 5he h...neither bftn trained nor b<"en penIny kit.

o.r I ........y eovered I)) ;""'Iehokl>.

Thae tuod 200 boys and 163 &iris. ofwhich 91 boys were Itt..ndi"l .c~.50 boY' were working. 5 IS l>t>nOedIIbounn. 56 boys were .. home. Thecorre.pond:nl fia;ures for th .. lid._e ~7, H, and 53. Then" elKoitiIyIn the thuda, but nOne of ourrt'POnd,n" hid elt<trltlty in thtirhom.... Th.... Is 1100 I schooI- in het._ meetlna;" the~ wat held It theIChool The '<ill.,..,., Informed us mltth.. te:>tt- far more ..,..a.r dIln"'''''y _ cI>en in <h. a~ Heh~d t~lr.en up • houn In nurbyThaaipoll .nd travelled from the.-.-Th III h<>u hoIds also r"J"O"' 65thlldr be""" 1).1 yu" dead_lid13 between 1-5 ran deaoL

Osmankunta thllldals I full 22 kmfrom 0IIntbmpet. the 't\mIlI1y non­..,;«.." M""doJ ....dq........... n'.....la no poIic,statlon It Chandampe~and'i:rt>lly no odler Govt. offici.1 waspreunt when we visited twice.OsmankuroQ 's over 40 om. from

Devankontb where th. peopl.. '" tothe police s",tion .nd to th.. viii.,..

u.ndy. The h" IsRs. 16, so I coupI..

only for 2_) mon Mo.. of .....li'iculturaf labour migru.. '0

Mumbll for work I vlng b..hlndwomen Ind childr.. n '0 f..nd for1II.-nue/v.... Sorn.- wome<l who hov..mom..,.,_In-bw to ""re lor me you/lg.11<0 1e.I.... widl me;, .....b>ndo. A l.-wwom..n told ul m..,.., ot hcdy, Wtthey did,,·, ofte" cook for twO daY' In

• row......... ""' ........................... whenthey couldn·t ..v..n gM R~ 5 .. d~lly

wo'*- For loo..., .....y go to T~ndos.

"",..r II km! "_y. '0 "'..........'"1­lender. 'Goinr Dnd coming i"'el{ .",,,I"~.

(0= 0( Its. 23. "we bomw Its. '00,h~ mudI do "" '-r~ brhind7 Howmuch Clln we OOrrow 10 (ud o""el-res.i"Their ~tory worit has not led to"ny ~rOJperlty, Their condition. ofwor\( It or near Humbal ~r.. horTi1ying.They tlIlked of~ at tontinuc>ullydomp plo.c.... where <he[ ~Id to put

down on.. """,Iulln on th.. a;round

before~ and """ K:ov. themto proteCt them.~.. from the ..in.Reeendy•• rTIIII WI! broua"t. ~I with

m>laria. from MumbIi wher.. "" NdIon.. to wori<.. H.. died befo'e he could

How I.ambgdg~ live - in Cl MlKlern Stone Age

,••,I

repocttd for 2.85% male birth"ndlad'\l a li~ihood of lbo"" 30-40ml<,lnlllrl •. Only B women ....portha..... mectl'1e ANM. A1lhe Ilou•••..... s.maIlhatched .ffai.... (76% in this,hInd...... huts.) One .intll brickhouse leuirou to the prOlence <>f •Govt. employe<'. He Is on ...,rnur indie~ wIIo works In Haryula. He""'rried ) yurs ,,&0. and took I dowryof one and I half "'kh There is .IsoIn Lie agent Ind I I'l.l work In, InPUjnlly None of «IU'le liv' In thedIanda. tht)' ,.;,it o<:....ic:>nd)'.

Thew_ ullt ofth~ hard worl< <Mydo _In lhe field.. in me hOUSL When

there I1 no ••ri(UIUU1,J work, theycolle<;t fl ....wood from disw\tVOwth.,and urry them to u... near6l "",rt<.lto ...It. None of mem I'll"',, accused I

DWCRA "hem., none of ourr-espo~tsha.... receiYed the WidowPension. whll' only one is receiving all

Old Ap pension. Only oneI>ou~dh.. lCC:,..ed the h"",ln, sdl..... 0/the Go¥unmenc. 96.92% .eporlborrowing> from the uhulQr. whileonly 1.5"" ....pottlCl'..... toloanslromGovernment )nstkurions.

Th............ery many myths abou< the_y umblodu ..... A lcol< It <heir alle"et burln. Ind ~.rdy phy.iquI_m, '0 imply IN.....y ..... no, like<he .....di'ion.1 poor we see In tileTeJlIlfana "illages. One hurs theyhIve attll. hence milk (which they donot .ell) \0 drink. Ihey h."e I",d.(more tiI.n <he Scheduled Casceshlv..) Wha' muck "'.~er. in "ur....1... t<> the th.nd.. wa. dult, fiftythree yun after Independence.L.mb.d.. were living In aby.m.1e""diti"",. LMnCIn «'nered. 11,,1.,edthandu lom. k.iIome<reo'-1 from amo,,,n.ble r""d. """1 appnl t" cityromMKics. In rullif. ho"e.... it tiltsthe balance between lile and dumwhen. moth..-In <5flicuft I.bour nMel.u'll'n, medic.;ol htlp.1t Il<o munl dultlhe .Ul<ili.!)' nurse-midwife (lho ANM.In c"'"""""" pa.rto.nce) n..reIy comes t<>

the tlwld:a.19.22" "four rupo"denureported dult \hey hid met VIe ANM.It mUm tmt many babies die beau'eof lick of m"'<lial tIlIalMft\t. It mun'IN, the child'en do not CO t<> ocJ>ooj

In 'he .....in "m'Ce (I SO <Kt< of 210thandas r.ported no acee.. toschool.), h al.o "","n. that even ifthero i. a IChooI in the thand>.. the

Khoo/w.cha- _ <here l>I'IIy once

• week or fonow;-. It ..-ns that thetamha.d'" do not have equal aeeeslto """'"" In the vilbge _ they hive t<>

mll""te \0 zet 'f8Ula' wori<. Whenthere ""' rains. Mod a culvert or a low·lying causeway Is 'coded. the dulndaI, virtually cut 011" from an contlletwit" marht. G"vernment .ndwellare menure•. Yet. unlike theI~t oibes. the l.amb>d:u live In diepUino, compuatiYtly a"eulble \0 diecity. thlt Is t<> say. wnI1e they do nothave a"e.. '0 the kind of service.many <>then do. others ha"" <Kenlto diem Mod their b>b<es.

Their lands are omd In aCTel£e, hi,tdyfr.lJl:mented and with no lCee" 10

water. Cutting off the fO"elt cove,over the 1earl h.. re,ulted In soilerosion and """-.,. losl In soil fertility.

As the.. ""' moody undullti"ll lands,the soli eroolon Is even more.

Having land and cam.. doe. notmake. oignlficat,t alll"..."",e \0 p<>V'Ol't)'

le.els and die quality of lile. This Is..artlina: conduoion from the wrwy.87.33" of our rapondentl reportedhovIna: land, "'d 7.20110 reponed haYlng_ hud of Q.M. 12.36" hlYlna: a

,~

•

k iI in d'IiI __ o:hIt. tho! coklIriA.

dramat:iaIr baudl'uI L-bldu "'"'rinuaIy ImriIiblt - Invillbl.. to u...Gowntmoon.. to NGOI and oth<tr11 FF : 'I orpniIIdonI.

•

lnI<itl d l ...... MAOA or DP.OA.

R2IrOII, on educI<ed ,....,... ..... KtivI

in .... LHPS wu bitm" abouo. btO'la alimbadl In Aftdhra, Pnd...h. '!'hipotpe" o/lflOUlI« t ....., .., IdtIm",

Acuu to ..elfare prolra",,,,,, 11IbyItnII. Luvl"l out Mehl>o<>llnq:lr.w!l<t,e n"'"al mlndll Iccount for1,832 OWCRA """,ben.• pitiful7.1" In th' omer ......... l1andlllrepo"'d conne< w.d! OWCRA1Ch........ Other IC:I1oI..- fvtd ...........TI\YSl:11 I.'~S

GIrf Old f'ro«<t>on~ 2.2$

DAOA 1.6$

Houl"'l 10.62"

Muerl\lt)' 8tntfil Scheme U"

Old ,.".. ....nlionl 0.J5"

"wi<lo", Pen.ion 0, I~"

La.. t " 10.ll9S had -t ooWr bJ SO."" had worit IlpID 6.......ths, "'" ioo'IIInale m had-t lIpID'''''''''''''67.t2S.epee bed............... 11 bottw.... Ra. 15·2S IOdooWr UJI" eamtcl_ll.o. 2S Idly.Ate .n.dcy US hid WIIU btIow RI.15 a dly. 0nI)' NIf of I 10""" of twO

breld'Mnnerl could then U~t to

urn abou' R•. 7.000 per ,elr. Nowond.... thIn dut me Incldenc.. ofbo..dtd labour" 11 partlcullrly hlah­F...... 01.0' of ....et')' I00 hou~r<tportecIl bonde1 IIbourw In u­.......,.. rnosd)r d,i1d""'L f1i&i ., 01..ort< ",un b .. I'.... U I diluII.pMI'.oo...... -F'C"d by~hls-r oI""_q. FIIIoIy It... ".;"",

~ In Chondamptt. .....iI mm ldolL ..... only I fIlw oldpeop.. left bIhlnd In lilt: thIndI.In 8ablllllr Mlndll. "'en ",1'l"IItldIIIv1na; btl.lnd women l>ehlnd in meIhanda to ale, CliTe 01 cNld.... and u...eldlrly. When Iarzt lealonI 01 tMeotnI1"iUi'Oq' mien.... PltumI 01 We ani

dilrupted 10 badly 10 U I" I«ea~me......,tll-ch<tapdand d!.. "''1 younl. Co",,,,unl.,coI_ ">Ha, tho! _ 01 ....... ,.;...rt:Ijl.R ..., to bmilp'. thIndI and

COIt'nUlitr' - "" chae IUfI"er .. to

.........,et "".dolL

Accesl <0 credit and welfareproal"llmmes:

Inlccenlblllt, of public bankln:IYI!..",I 11 clear wfl'" ... lee mu

90.52" r<tportcd boo •0.""& from dM1IhuIcar.~ ooWr 42.68S ...,....eIboo.ow.C frO<n cooptnotlw bankl.not ........ CGI ...... d11 banD. 0rlIy 1"reponed borro"nl ",one, lrom

·......,.. M_~ ..-..__.......

_ .. 000<1-.. ........ _ .._-~_q{...... ...=__w-.., -..oI' __"Jud,._ ,,," _.-,,""_0001 -...... _

"'" ........., ><Uii ...

'11.26"

H.10"

"'" ......,11.31"

n."29.8"

Semi-puCCI.dies

Quality of life: be'l' dIlrd bmilya",onl the relpondenu 10 ourquesdOl'lNlre (9,m In all IMd In hull.1" l\id el«o iciq in dMlr houIeI, andlout 0/'" u-du had no dectrlOl'1.

I. Be«ricity In me houM - 68...."In n,onI ""'IS h:' l' acconIrc to

..."

pair. un.........1hne. U1S......Iol.r, IIIld 17.91" • 11: PId ....cuW. CO"'lipIled to AY,~Can.. who """......1 land. andca raiil) br!as atde.lheM "'" hi&her~CU"", y.... ,""c'"Pt lor ShIvl"'fH!tMlndll. our puc..ptlon WlI thuPO'e1I, '-Is .,.. hi...... Im<II1IthlIrnbadas thin $1" ImoflI me SCI, IOdIhe quality of life worse. Thll illupported by tile h1lh ",llrluonpercentq;e•. 82" 01 a ""'plepopululon of 9ll) ptOJIIe do _...... llthqhada ...... M ... In............

Lw" d':ICCef,$ 1.1"'''' (N1--F5 '"t+lfS.2. .9"18-99. AI')

2. TJjN; of ..........

NHFS (f'IIf'II)

Kaccl\i 17.2"

Woric: 9l.8l" 01 ....r nIf"O'Kientlreported workinl as q;r1cullunJ!Iba ,",I, IOd 82.2n had to~b __ to Mwnbai or Guntur liar

Ionl perlodl fro", Oau..hl"ll to

lu"''''cr. Probably no othercommunity ...-do to rtiOn to oudlhllh lenl. of ",llral.on IS the

•

,

•How l.ambod~s Live -in 11 Modem Slone Age

Those who h,,'<'e llccessed Government schemes anl the bette<'-<>II' .mo",.. Urn.....

Access of the fint ,rc.uP w.u .1$0 ma......1ly hither In <he cne 01 otherin.tiWtions (MRO. MDO. hosplaIlIWl NGOs.)

,

lamlni went in for steriliution tI!fI

year< ago. Within a year. slle lIadcopious wlllce disch>r&e (.he says "'"Nd no wlllte disdla'le ...rlier). While.he took medic..lon (tablets andvaginal tabletS) for a ye.r. it did not

I......n. Her "omach .welled so muchthl< people tho"lh< .he waS pregnant.SIle Nd md pain In th••bd"men and...... periods ceased. She wu op...<tdfer a hys<erect<>my I< SIll.ml!latlad In1997. She says, 'Ooaor1 ne>oer lel US thofoP.",,;onl could be harmful or~. They lake Ihe pWe QNj lelUS ~ n«d 10 be 0fII!"'le<t Just like thac.'When~ eo WI!Q..... "'"u.......ddras,<her $rII!erdl "'" (If/d $0)', 'Oh.! tanbodoo!TMy """"Ys hcJIoe, 10 be operated: So It

me )'OU"i .,., of 2., jaminl hIS ludher U<e<US (and posd>ly her ovaries!!)remo.ed.

LalIIs at>ou< to yun. IIId has a simibrs«><y to teL A year aher Keriliu.<ion,she !lad ccplous white diKiw"Ie (libo flood.•he sa)'l). bad stomodl pain.and could not dig...t her food. She hadtlad pnric pain. she could not ut. """could Ih. work at the brick kiln whereshe us.d to work earll.r. Th. sethadvanced her money (Rs. 12,000 forthe "perulons. R.. 3.000 f"ruIoclued expensel) and lhe had ahyner«tomy three years earlier. '1dk/n~ know lhct he would remo.., myWfUS. I lho«gIrl: thof !he doctor WI>'.JId

remowe Ihe poin. Inmod he pur "'" 10

sleep. ond 1000k out my lIterul. Now I(InIOt even cmry woter.'

80th 8ujjl and N.nlli have .imll.rstories to Mote - wllited~ andexcelllve bleeding e>r "snOon ofperiods followed st.rili.. tlon.

H.47

18.8540.1484.60

vlrtu.lly the only cont....ception.ironically, is tenrIln>l steriliwioo). wegOt similarly unanimou. respons,..from ali dlnrim.. 'How COl "" ro" (or011~, We IIl'Orl< IlortI (or a ioinr.We hcwe 10 fetdl .....,. cony wood (ramIhe fo<e<t olldsel it in !he IlMr>. We hcweseen lho' women who 10 in far onoperorJon~ la undeJro 0~

o/l.r lhree or rour~"- ond lh<rt= 0

101 or """"'l'. Afi.r ".riIi.O!ion. .... hcwebad !>od: poin, ond .... connol~ ""'potsorwatcr'. Women f.lt thu steriliu.llononly led to the very expen.ivehysterectomy I.ter on. What wasthis similar link across hundredsof kilometres, betweenoterll1ution and lIyJterectomywll;cll tllese women w.remaking?

Olinn>e1r""dd> dwld:a Is dvely~. thandI.," wt.tr. tIl ...only a few families without land. aI'Idwhere the road ...uby fadllu.t.scomparatively rtlUlar employm.nt.The health oi"""don of dM women Isilustra~ W. met five women - allfive N" Ulodeo COO" .ter'llh:atlon, thenhad Nd to to In for a hyster'«tOl'lly.

Those ICCUSlcl TIle ,..,nGovL schemes (5,.oIl)<J rt'lIOndents)

(l.81" , ••pondena)

IS.5056.51H.4''I 19

H".BorrowW1g from Govt. and bmI<s

Reponinr dowry sin<:e 5 ye=<

u."

d.""lopmenl schemrs. Ilut I doll" ORIJIJ'f developme"l In tile lI>andcIs. / hodapp/ic<i (or a uoctOr Iocn " year! op Ih<Ive pcued my Ssc. Iam an ST. J IIcM!Q dri~inr ricence. but I don't he.'R:s./O,oool- to~ Of bribe. When I to10 the MRO', o{f1ce. , Jlond oUlSlde....,;m, (or !WO ho«", ""'ik lhe Re#ffl>lllh enlers Immedialely, .ll.I on thechair, and is fi-> re. How do J""IIhinI<,.."

Everywhe"" we went, when we a>kedabout the Q,r'J:e f:>mlly ,iI... and whythey did nOI go In for sterilization(health pl'O&"mmes do not ha"" viablesp.clng COntr.ception option." -

Health: Access 10 edu<:&tJon andhelolth fKilllia is no better.~~ ofalOWoI210~

ones. reponed lIeeeu to anpnw.>dd.all of these In C/wItbmpet Mand&I.where die fir... 1997 sancbI seemedto ha.... been imtl'\llMnCIII in seui,,&

up Inpn_dis. No other dIandt inIny other district reponed aCCGS to

1I\'II\"'"dll, thoulh one or two.upondellts In a few thand..reported Iccess.

I

•

,

II

~ Tho"","~-. (lUDI an <IIIW. fiar. up 01 ... exIuIrt: ~""" In«Wo<-. <ht,. ""' ....-"d~ <h'::l.lr<ran«cl poriod>, t<"- >part !ram ""me '" ..~, _ ....-ydoy.lojo<_ ..... n,plonta ..- bo.- <JUt .. "'- cl, do ~..... ,l»..,.,,'"" ....... ; .. _ ....~~p"tl>dmoro...~kirAlOS_"'""........... pd, .. NIt~ _quality __.. for __

" 16,0.:s: "".. DI<d """0'. 28.16l;; 11>.. olO<tri<fty ~__ boo IhOC ,,_<_.....-. ;, .-.;><>rttd by .>~" ..... .....,... _,.. "" """""" Jt:s: 01 .................. in DWCAA 11>.. __ tIoo Gl<l 0Wd Oop>$b for t"i-. .""_ oe<eu '" hoopiDI. In; K<'" '" ANH, 'S.IIIl;; repon >«..., 'G KI>o>c>(, """et' "*" io "" .....,...u; in ....

~ __ OO--._• __~ IIa••__...DI9' .......__ ....--' n-o __

_ .,..-. A..,_ •• t-....-... .____""'_"' t-.-t-.I. __....N'ff_ ,''''__lIt-.-..-Oio__, _-. n.._~_..c;-._.w__• __......__......._._ _rtEO. __

-_...__._ " "' .... _Cc< ,.,__......,_"'_..-..."' -..n...,, ... _ ..... 1'.. .\«>"--. f'-Ias.I'OOO._ .... _o.' 1_"!'EO_hac..;. ~.

~ _ WOlIkf sunniIIt dw tMpositlcIn __"'.C""d",,,ic f

.... be """'"' <her IIdl cllwoldl1IX.... 1nfIta ~~

EdllcacJon: 60 thlndu reponed"ICC... to KhooII. (Thil doa not

..-. that """ wu • KhooI In thethIn+o ItHIf. k COlIId 1110 mon thatdie dlIclrcon __ ....t to die n...."Khool) We noticed". pecyl.... fNty..In _ l'1IIlclall. I'IrtkyJlrly 8IJI'

...,.... wIw1I """ ....... -4tI Idloobb>dIod by It. OPEP. tu. ftOIl I~llI:iIldw'. W. -.kf.......,1IiIbd_*"la cl d>tIt tchooII It ...... dmt cldie K"-l-oay, blIt tf'Ien was ....

tudl.... 0..... tommoo, """'I')' lMnI '.. When6ddleli!ildw__ID ,...., school!' and the __ WOIlld

be 12 cbys. 15 cbys.~ mon..n­telchen oa"",, In HyderabIcI or the.......t bIc town.~ they Ind theirwtves worked It side .........stJ, _

....... told. We _ chc:oYtrtd thatthe locll School CommJ".. hid~ R¥enII ....... to .... 1oaI,...... eo....... Olk.-. tu. to no........ The; ,-.tae:to.- ( vldyI..............., ho" •• ", _ h ,hbly~ chouch we aMOt ¥'OUCll"".d.... to'* dwa -'ousIy •... Parwa he".o eo ........... i1, ......In their opllloo, dIIt their children....... noc .....,.. In the KhooII.

In Chlnnullle.ddl thlndl, jlmlnlhenellll the Chllm11n of the VidyaCommittee. She hid ",.de .......wdcClmfllllnts co the I\ithto' IlIttIoritlu(UPS. 8IlIIlIprJ IbolIt the~cl .... tUCher. but to no The

teacher. HurIdWIh had dol """"

........~-108.1

"'"'

Llmbld. women Ir, t....edpordcytuty badly when they come tohooplul" botll public Ind privat..ll.~ jInoi'M". <en'IIri<, 1ber''''''''' or...' The ANH It Plfdl'04 henelflse onmn rernwbd tNc f'HCs 00noc re becIo to lIFt +,_Ilhry trut

th.m IS dll"tJ lIntOllChlbl..0,. V 5 """',,'... ,tul..doaoI. ill GtrwW I. ;' all ..,..IhIc 1'011' ClIIIImeItI 0 La, t l __0

/Ibtt; fIWO(: Bell it,~ tract

Infl<'tIoru Ire not lOm.thl"e thltvi1lbly Inuplclult wO""n Ilk, Ibroken Inn oIlnfectecl I'e. Th.se tendto be lenored Ind devllu.d fortJ'tlllmtnt purpoIItI. Years 01 lick ofuua.-t Idded to I'tf'Clted child-beIrinz , lImbIdI "w,,"',_ ........"Ft Iran hit/-nul 01 roproO.oivetract.~ lImbodu hIVe muchcl .... odMr po ,.. that come withlack 01 tlmiIly ICCCSI to haIlh are.We hi.,. noc dwdt on tMo.e Mre,

dill ............ 01" ....... """-theolImbodo <W ...... 11o".v.r no< ..

...,.. """" It. IIdc oIlCCeu tNtd'<Indu """" to haIth bc*IeI NHfS"'tink. (1988.99) for"" Ilsonpon that whillt the rneni """I••portlne of rep.odllctlve h,"lthproOI....... is 48.8'4 ST. report 61.2'1..

Hys...-.aomy '. .cl I kdio lour.It 11 IIttl. wonder dUl lImbadl__ Idirea"bei: ._, ....

'J...... operetilM' ,nd the 'Ili( _,'While the Itull,udon I1 free.hysWACtOmy de..,. It prio;wo diniat.ln COlt lIpto Ih. 15.000, ¥imIIJIyrend.rJn, I flm1Jy d,.dtut•. Th...enbly line lC.rillutlon, thlt Ire

carried OUt hlv, no conurn for

oncolncre~ trKt InIKVonJthat COlIId lbt't up~t to IIIop...li,n ThuI I rcprocllIcchot trICt

Inf.ction lud, 011 to pelvJcinfbmmItoIJ disot"dtr. nqllinn, Ihysc-.etorny ....... I ..... yun ollldc01 aua,.., Prin... 6oaon too, it

11 dur. prefer I .....' Jw ......lio.. tha..... '* them It lcut Ib. 12.000. and00 no< wony ....... ripouIt~tAI.......t with omibiocla. Ilha<il andCleIInd (1995) Ire QlIOted In NHf51"8.98 h.. r,ponln, I hi,herIncld.nc. of nnucolozicllJy"'ptomo I",..." women who bidUf\dfl'lO"" I tubect.otny thin~od>tr women. Our diKulsion withdocwo, 11Io ......ttd doiL

Infant and child mort1lllt)' rite (per Ihouund)

Ry",1 (NHF5) ST. (NHfS)

186 IOU

J02.1 IIS.9

0.. ",Ma 1Nndl_ honlIy In

....epdon.E.. , __ ..._Iound ol_with compllJntJ 0' h....,. white

diIdIalp and mtIIJlI'UIl~It COlIId be laid that tllh could b.

0- I.....,

•

,

I

mHdo kOlfUtOnl, kadupu meedakanodu • (If J'OU -.r. beol nN' on "'I'bed:. tu _ .... "'I' >lIlmddl - '*'"~ CUll

offmy irlcome.)

F...... June to~ !he <CKhendo not __ rezularlr. do not abIntere.t. Since the children are m"nudrlng. when the famlly mltrn..dorin&~ they ab !he d>Idi "",with them. If the chlld,..n had been

'wdri"" the plren.. would ha¥e Ichchem behind wilh dIeir cIdtrs.. oar d>cpIren<s. After Dasse1lra, the teach....ha¥e a ,ood e~cu'e to blame thel..arnl>adu. sa,." l:hat then is no _

to texh. d>c Lambadn do not wantto cdua,. their childrtfl.

The II<OnIerOIIS >idyl ..........tHI'S weme. had anot"er point of ¥iew.According to them, OPEP schools In!he thandas ue considft"td Iow"f'adesc:hooIs by the~ The sdlooIsbein, e~dU'M!ly In the th>.ndas.. the

teachtn do not art - a rd«<ion '"whu ther chink of che umbada.ommunicy in gene...1. If the OPEPschooll had bun attended by Reddy.hlldren, sar .... Yidp ¥oIuntcef1;.te.ldlen would ho¥e nk... pains toutend and teach, Thu 11. there I1vlllble di••rimlnu.ion a,ainu the

"""""'-..,j"

When WC asked""" l:ornbada. whit

!lKBitia """ <&d>cr would ....... if hecould .ar in dM I:handa, tftqr nldther would worship the ,roun<! hewaJlr.td on. They would pt'<>'ftdt him

a houH, pIenq "' .... and cnin- .....",.would we fIO< do thlt to d1e tocher.""'y nked u..

In Gonpdda thonda... then isn't aOPEP ,chool. Inuead, 'here I. a,uc<e,l1ul pri..cc school run by anen'erprl.inC man from dieneithbounn,,,;..He, coIec<s RI. SOper month per child and U'e. the.p'cioo..~ hall Sor his schoolThe two ...... _ oisited. we saw theclanroom full of.ome SO odd childrenand die Wld>er is cvMlcndr in COl'1uo1

'" his duo. Some """ClIfuI ptio:ate..,<tt"j)rise <!lis!

Role of .he ••:lte, In 1977,Governmen, of India notified

t.arnbldas '" T~na as ST.. Thispolitical move had ,eventrtperC""1ons. AI urly as 199J"'"'+ation into AI' ....... noted (Haimendorf In Tribe. of India;Oxford UniversIty Pren.) from

I1aharuhtr:o. crntInJ: caulons withthe Indicenou, fore.. tribes ofAdilabad. (In me nelaf\bouring 'AteSof Karnatau and Maharnh

lamblodn ..-e no< notified as ST..)l.arnI»das anilirc a.hid- share 01re.........tion. In education andemp!ormenc. political positbts, andIarge.K:Ife ennsfe.. of land fromSans< CJibes to Urnbadn Itn beennoted in die """" Telangona dim iu::Iof Adilabod, Wa...nga!, I(hammamand in die~ Ooenchu endive 015mailam. Nodq has been done to

defuse dlcse ¥oty real tensions. WeB­",tto,w...cf Gcwt. ser'Qr'IU~ in

due couru, developed 3 nurantlpathy to the umb3dacommunity. seen to 'corner' most 01d>c benefits to "more backward'I'orest tribes in these areas. It i' aiCOUrSe debatable whether theGoffi,",... 'tlaelf had prep&nxl d>c

I'orest CJibes to a<tall '" restr¥:ltion.instead cl atcvling the lamb<idn aicO""""i tf>e be"tf..... As 3 resuft.the TnhaJ Wclbre Depmmen, Itnyet to IeriousIy acldres. the mau~I..ambadu as ~cuenc:y:Ihe-'a....."YoIthe~tollambalb &l1f babies; has also to beQken oerioo, note 01 by ill parent-,~.:_-

We ~$k them how the CU$lom 01dowry bepn. An old _ Ays.. '/1

<O"ne with ~ sort WIIerl OUr "",n,er--. befdn discordW>t _ trodidonol

dress tJnd f<lOt 10~ =I. dowry l>e'OIt

My husbond />od JifiN my ""'MU (ouro.<en ond IU.9901· silly )'eO'" 0'0, 10

marry me..' A man "'Y" that there aretoO few men and too many &iris. Theold woman continues 'Nrrwparents,;.cdowry 10 On WUCGf.ed m"';,Ha.. ""'" willkeep theJrdou,hterin com(ort. o-r,.-lWlf.come with comfort ~ bodc~chokki. /IG ..olItlnJ Ion, dislarlaS (Of....ler.••

'Yes', uys X the IoaI vidy:I "'OI""teerwho eets Il.s. 3ll-ld.y to ,..slst thetueher. 1 WIIS one o{tIPe tirsllO lOb

00-,.~ (om person be(cH'e me 10 lOb

oo-,in the dIondo WIIS~ !he e<I~lo,ponch, nine yeors 010'. He hadltudied uptO the Xth and followln( him

Women point lO • pretty eighteen­year old pt. It "erns her hu.t».nd haddemanded II.s. SOOOr'· more >< the tlmeof the wed din,. then walked awaywh,"" it W<II no, forthcomln,. Elders

brought him back and Md the couplemarried. Alter ro.e dlys, the bride was

beaten .nd Hflt bKk to h« mocher'shome.

Peddat».1 <hand." Is about ,e'fM,eenIcms. aWlr from the ""tionai high-y.Th_1oaJ pritnllry .choollQnds It theeMnIlCOl <0 the~ At about 10.3<1in the mornl",. more ,ha" SI)..60children play around u.. sdIooI. Thetudler who live< .e ~hboob""zar

more than 40 kms aw;IY. Is ,Jlhtr "leas u•.w. or is not comln,. as Is .Iso~...The fam~i<l.r .mell. of .I!I'llle cml, andduna; and men and women ,uheraround us. The dl'tunlon, .f'er Iwhile, simmer< on the conte.ledproblem. ofdowry. I, Ioob as iI monwomen are ~ed aplnn It, whI'••handful o( men poin, DU' the

complemenarity behnd iL 'If~"­dou,hletJ, we pe - WO' Gko 1dU, ifwe"-_:

'No', uy'. woman ....he""'"tIy. '/ how~P'fs Md fWIl t>o,s. Wh<Ile'm' dowrycome from "" bof>: _ laken away bytIIem. Th"y set up ••porole home.Jmmtdioltly. I hove 10 mono,,, thedowries (or my thlft rim mysel('

'f(there ore pis In lI>e boYs fomily. (heylend 10 be less aflnondint CIbout dowry.If the (omily INn no P'fs, !hey <nil for,,~ DIl eorrh.'

How does dowry,--_workamongJhe Lambadas _

_ our~¥OIun~.aka eduated

upco dle XtI\., who also took dowry.

'11 .....,. '- btp -l1li~ bops.... aUt ,et lOIN Job ond lrftp dfI!it""""n In~ Sul _ ewe.., lW.

Indlldi", • (.""".nd d,ma"ds IlJ5O,OOl)k WM thcUd "" po« peopledtJ1 SlIoUd.. '*'-..__r 'Moo Is.,.~ JO ,..,. aid woman! Shtis dIG moct. 01_ pis. tile last.lM • r- old. Sht .... IriGd ..... son....... ~ ..... ~otudpln.~ '-cGI-'Jr. and two Iildc _

10 w dw: IDeal ,........,. ochooI.

IbmbII. a t1GI' ~c' F' iICliwist in the

LHPS ..." Wt Jonru of .....rrial'~ IOoIS yelN ..... 'My dderIwoIIltr hod to ..a"'" o(iluIDW-.JIII kh* a(,,_fah GIld pruoisiI>M (or

"lId(tItorc h IIIc """'"'. (or IIiJ bride.TIIoe nelfl Ilradw IwJd a Hindu~ond lOGIt *-/..

Ch...drv'l t.ltlmony I1 particul.rlypolp\IM. Chlndru Is from Shivampc<M.ndal. Wh.1I .., ..,Iked to hi.t!IIIIda, his oMI' _ ~ the

~ 01 paddy in dle one and• half acn. Wft IIIId d'If)' d. e.... It

• dIsunc...... __~ dIstnct

hiI,~from 'p=' . • W U1. (ThelMnblodu had diKoverecI the tw-d~. dm. air..- """Y ........It~and irrft1I:ipZiorI ,ea it ~ ~, in .....

form of plck.up. ,nd bu~ b)'.... 01' ......... ,. al.) a-druhad his dod>a bnparrond vridl dIG....... 01 dIG Wdo. and cid noc cry CO

......d. our Ins",rs. A quiet

""'p'''Iibft, rmn - he lad )'WC"'"away _ 01 his pi~ , coo.Po01 J'W'IIIO- ChI'*" .... , .. houMin """lich f..- 01 """kh _ .Q/III - itcon him _ • Ial<h ... build it _

yelrs 110. thou'" d>1 wood a .....fra ... hi. 0"" Ilnd. He hu fiyelbllfhtcrs now; the eIOe1c three a.-.~rrled. n.. ftrsc on•. married ewelw

__ I"

.,........,0 to III _4'lO,N It the SabtJ.... M......... In~ had ladto bit paW RI. U.ooo IS cIcrwfy. The,":olld. rmrrled .",u. ye,n llO­colt 11.1. iO.OOO. The third 0 ....

married fI¥. yurs "0 to I"

UIIItIIJIlo,.d but educa.ed boy cosc.... RI. I Wch - RI. 70,000 It ""-7.and the ..mll"i", n ....dd.n'up.""'. Thl fourth ,;rl ilco... pl .... '" her I"..rm..diate ..

TOOP"''' die "" It """"" and heestimata 1N' he haft to pay RI.2 ItkhI. It dowry The fourth Isa boy.~ In tho 8'" IQIIlbrd, anddie fihh and lut Is a &en. VI of >bour.nine ye..... nuod)'itll In the J" cQ.u in

the ¥il. dow by. TM yourhI; dewby~ thlt Ctu.n<trv p'" '-", daufll..... born about tw<l yurs ~.Ch,,,dru ny. thl< hil wll. WH

openced on If.lr thl lut ,lrI twO

y... rl 1,0. Bu. th, ,Irl b,rore u,.admittedly. 11 about "i.... So thtre w""IIIOdler pi after htr.

w, do .......... Chand.nJ ~tIyW'h:atimpelled him '0 fi'tt up his daUfln ·IIut we do uk him why Lambldas .pnlrw I bid ........ /01"~ up dIelrpi babMs. He poinu to the faa 1N.pis COIl <tie ltl/'Ulto,. marn.d. !'Mo,....,. 110- he doe I W. .... (OS( himR•. JO.OOO....d he ulll _cs tile......... RI. -40,000-50.000. beaIde he

~»Io"ld"''''s-/'thedo rlafor ...........' I .....

He duel SI)'. 'Ow PftIfIIt ~ "--." rhDoI: ...pt t1000f _ fllllIabieI;dIar _~ 1Ioppeft_:

TM 60 odd .,... old a-Swplnch 01O,mlllkunu lO . KMa 1 80dlyaNIik, of ...........w.,e rried ....w. dMo tnditiotllJbridt prica. the -.et. lad I dowry01 RI. 30,000. the~ had , dowry0I1lJ. 50,000 and en.,. _~I Iakh for dw: Iut and rWoth~....SM iI.-duated. 'f(rht rirIs hodbeerl

tdu<me( do! rr- ....,.,Id ~'"moore,' he """a. H, Is pa..io....reabout the ... 01 the dowry .,..urn.He $IJ". 1Nl In __ m-. W'hen

the rr-n', parena c::an-. co ......tt.e bridiL d'It)' ""'""*I be liked. We/loot Ittor.t'ot ".,. (ftI ".,. III IheIe"...... 'Ma ... ,.. ..r .... Isles..... ~4DesIlleGo,a,"_._~

... PO. • "..-8 f t:fIert, """r.is an _d I' a I16c'> Oon~ ~

do pl....,=.. __ ,... ,.. ...,~ph,.,lThir tea:1'Ies_..-doandor ~...~pocF c=oda........ ....,. be 1ChI"9l When.................. dwrills ...........IorCowal.I..cto~ In. Bidlyaasks, 'f( C".ooot. COlI~ .......

fir! brDos ""'*'11 io an ..ida"OlIItd o/fiJir.wIIf ....~ ~ find .... *-/ db, ""real Whycan~ ~ do -t/WIf d

Lok,htmn who OW'" ewo _era hu_Irt_dy lOld "" I~ for tmrryinJ offhi, Ildtr dlu,httr. H, I, _"try ItId~oomy.1 hlv. to 1lI11.""""'r~ forsell;'" tht I«Ond flrI. Whl< will I li\te0/1 tht", ht .,k,. ""o.her _n.M.n,U. h'l Just mar.lld off hlrell""'!... by pa"';'" RI. ..0.000 dowryItId three fOItI. Sht h., sold -. ac..Iftd .ome of h ,...U 10 par the

dowry ..... "'" vrper>ML

Hear »mW1 ICe-.<, "'I'~~'I ..... rulsi pt oway "" (Ifrhd= I'm. SIlr ,.... owtIfllle~ .. riteI pio. The _ ........ III tIIiI, it

-. n.e, ""'" •«m, /IUl1IItp~-nul '-1IItp.ut iwWl;"'" ... arid-.y"'" It mm ........,. to twW., ...."dsid, ~ WJ A lis .so•• .,., Haw.......,. 0(';'"

... lit /II'f. ~.......,."..".,,1IICdIso?~, ptvdla fiwn bsd __ pItNi(oL

We hod ".., ID _ awl ... to '""'"

""" :J .,..lhtre io .. ""'" -.J "" '­10 -'- • "fria'Iturd IatIcutn. Whao..... '- 10 ".., ClISh 10 buy /ilocl """Tt

d,•",,•,,,,,,,,•,••

iI

!

,

,

pois4 coums. fles;des ~~ a~ U/>MI8((>r~ eIC.

I( if Is a bay child, !hey can $HJI him lajeelam (1Ionded labour) in (WO! yeal1.What con .... do widl a Iirl7 We /lQIoe la

twrd Iler /hMouti <lI>d oIso morry heroff.lJOYint a"-Y dtrwry. I /lQIoe oN( onedoor/'olor - J/Ie is predous la me. 1(1 had(M~ like rulsl, , -..Idbe worried/00, Thae ptob/etnf _I~ amolIlet'. Jo>oo. Yes, J/Ie IIOJ rorri<td 0IIdIIOI"ished the bobr ((>r ..., Ioni """'thsIII het Wl'I'I'b,~ J/Ie oIso IIOJ ,., thinIc 0(het fomiI1-'

Dowry Is not ~I't of 11mbadlo cukure.SI has come from INinnrwn socie<yHindu $OdeI)' as apu1' of the ~cJarcleaI 01 modernky. TM rapid =nliI:ion

IQ a tI'IOIIe)' economy wu si&nilied byexpansion of dtil funds, a'o'lillbilily 01credit, production for Ale. ete. In amoney economy. dowry is animporun< source 01 apiaI. lIld the;

only models the I..ambldu had werethe upper'uue in the vllllle•.Excessive dowry is a symptom of themartiMlioation of die Lambadu. andpartkularty of the l.ambada -.men. Asthe southern relln,lnl lambadatIun<b< ..... lOCUM In pbIn ....... andneM villages. they eould not proteCt<heir cuIw..J values from the 0fISIalchtof Hinduism. Dunnl the Iur. un yeanthey have ,iven up their tn.ditionalmarriage S)'Slems. This phenome"o"i' nol marl<.M in the fo....t agenqLambada thandu where Ihey aremainuinin, Iheir closed life ande,.liurian ..Iuel. In the lamlNld.lradilion.1 m... rl'll •. Ih. brid.·spar.n", do not p.y dowry. Rather. iti' the bride zroom's parMtS who payK...ar (brld. price), Th. w.ddlnlexpenles are allo .h....d more orle...qually. Mud.vuh Ch.mp!!(Ch.mpll Is a thirty yur old WOIT\llnand Ih. wu married wh.n Ihe WU15 yurs) of Bodazutu thand, 01Ibl.nqar (M.hbubnagar Dlltrict) "Id

~ru

m.IIM was paid Rs II6."d ofFered!WO bullockl as bride price In hermarrlqe. But, now her d,ull"U!r hascome of marrl'llubl. "I•. Thebrldezrooms are dema.ndillt • dowryof filly 10 Il~ly thounnd rupees.Fur;nl 111. luwre. Champll pve upher o ....month old si>tth zirl child for<WO hundred rupee,.

How fa" dowry ...mp.zel II1roulhIhe Lamb.d. communily Cln beW\d."toOd by some r..pon,el W OUrsurvey. Nurly a Ihird of oUr....ponden'" oaid thal dowry had comein the pUI five y....s. Over 59"repotted it ., • proce" over the panten yea..... A minUICUle 0.3 % reportedIl .. beinj;f~ yean old. The v.rysu6den entry 01 dowry inro the liv.,

01 the Lamb.acbs ""' bw'I. In hlltol"ic2lwrns.1'l<>tIlins Ihol't of a ClllSuophe.Wrthin a Ihol't period of ,.n Y...I1.

dowry has oprud far and wide w1l11inm. community. The convnunity hashad no time '0 adjust. Where • doaoror .n,ineer Cln f.<eh 3-'1 lakhl. aj.eazadu (farmh.nd) Cln f.lch Rs20.000-50.000. 0Ne have .......d 01.senior polic. oIficer who offered onecrore of rvpealor hi< """lhUlr.) Ofdie 8.262 women who n"ponded <0

die queries of the amount 0I6owry.half sated ...., i' wn between Rs.20.000 and Rs. 50.000. Ne:orly anodIet"~ Ili4 ma, Il ...... be....e." Rs. 50.00010 one bkIl. "'1U, lepol <ed dowrieI

01 /\'"IOt'e dtan abl<h! ThiI "' companbly....... dtan <to-ieI. AY. """'"' ..........economlc,.awl Sc;h.duIM Cutes.The artlclu accompanylnl the calltdowry wu allo burdensome. All..trap tlq)tndiw... of Rs. 5.638 wureporud fOt" bo.ryIos dothtJ, Rs. n.60for zoId, Rs. '1.683 for houMIhold zOOIiIand ~",th, and Rs. 1.'1n for el<tn.

purch..el. J.609 rupondenureported die dtmand of a qde and268. die demand oIa mo<or-cyde.

For lI>o,e who have /\'"IOt'e man _

dlulhter, dI. burd.n ;1 .Ipeciallyhu"')'. Of me 2.815 women who haddalJlht." of marriqubl. a&~ 611 •(12.n) had one ,''''' girl. 126 (21.7")had !WO pis. 126 ('1:41%) had Weeluch &iris and 2S (0.88%) had four and.bov•.

The iIIUe of dowry ""' been cen<raJ10 the problem of relinq.....hmenl 01the ll'r1 child in the ~.ption 01 theUmb.d. lI1.m,.lv.l. 2..501 womenrelpond.d to our query al '0 ,h.reason. for rell~q<lil/vnent and Mmeddowry and pov.rty. Lamb.du in<handa .I<.r <handa r.il.rued 111...normoul dowry d.mand, m.d. itimpouibl. lor ,h.m 10 rur morethan two or three zirl children.

The ad".nt of the fir...duelledLamb.da ,room (h.nc••mploy.ble)h....ldM dowry. P.mapl. the bride'lp>r.n"look.d '0 • life of tornfol't (nowor:Jnll In the fi.ld, under lI1e <un.plp.d w...r. eleClric IIlhu .nd •r.,ul... mon<hly Intome) for th,lrdaull"l.r.•nd w.r. w,lIln,IO p.y for

"',.Lamblidu c1.lm RaIP'"t .nc.<try: I, 11possIbl. <hu thil could be lI1e r...onfor ...,1.tIveIy more hyperpmr lI1.n inother tornmunitiel. Dau&l1utr'l .... '0be married W famlll.. of hizhtr It>WS.and ............... ladler is no' ,bl, 10do so. hlJ status 1.111. An.ltty '0preser.-. staWI may be damq!n, 10me baby zlrl.

In well a community. <he ;"'p>CI ofmodernity hu no, come withu'elu...ds. Edueulon .nd non,herediwy occupallon<. rich<l)r I••n ...liber..lnl forcu. have b••n m.delvaibble IQ a ~ery few. crating widedisp.ritJel wl<hin <he community.Coupled w!ch <he ImpaCl of Hindutu..- such ... dowry and rnaniqetunoml. a cri.i. hu beenrrw>IIfarnJred, ....t.ere die ........esc, ..

always. bear the bruM

.

The Politics of Genderin Everyday Lambadal.ife,__

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Lik~ .11 olher Indilln communities.Lamtlldu sill... In the denl....tion ofwOnletl. TIM specifoc: fotrn It u.kes_,~ Lam~<1umay hlo"" someconn«tlon with the RJIPUI ancestry.The vulMn.b1l1q of women or the ~r1

child mu" b' und."tood In thecon""" 01 thel.aml>ada beirc.formernomadic tribe. Amon, nom.dkcommunities, the bride comln& IQ herhu,band's home <:oUld very wtII notI•• hte oaw bmil)'~~ Her l~thtncefO<"lh wa< compl",ely wlln herIn.laws.~~ th. had to adjust andbuild • new life. The new bride had IDcook. dean and wash. Ind wor!< In thefOelds. Sh. hid also to pr~re the l>ath/or ..." Ift..laws. "'....ge them ill theevenl"., and do htr mother In-law'.in<ri<';ut tollul")'. Htr Rrst del;"'ery(.Iways In the cu. of mon SouthIndlonC<lmmun~ In the noal home)wu in theln-bw's~ /flier rnocher

could. she wouId...wc her dau,mer'.home <e, help ..... out for fifteen days.

StereotypeS of l.a~dawomen VJ.ry,OM poWon is Wt thou&!' lhlls Nrdwonun" YOaI .nd .«:om~nlfl herhonbu>d _rywhere (m.rI<et, worl<.cl,lnldn, _ hQuse) lhe e....nal

boIdnen belles the djlFerins intfiiorlelf. The other Ite~[)'"., is dut

\~~ p44> -.lIbloop'_0::::

--

Lamb>.d~wom"" completely defer to

their hUIb>.nds Md eIden. Tt>. U\lmof courte. could well be ne~. Wefound Lamb>.dll women utiaJla~ Inmilled pt>Ups. ond CClllCr.ldictlnS mentoo. We a110 found _raJ umb>.doW'OITIen much dlernhed by their natal

1amilieI.

"mini iI a brisk little~. tw-ely27 yun old. She II warm with brownum""t eyel. Says Jaminllt • , gm /DIdrh<n "'I' birth WIn 0~ I>oppy IMIII ...

our fo""". My porenu />od {air ....... ondmy f<lf/ler~ that lie thcUd reI 0

,*,uthlet.~ """'"" me rerr mudI. f~"now. he "'Y' lhm if he reu 0 fe'ter. he"'- rhot ,,.;rcome I\IiIIIinr IQ lee hmWhen , ..... /iaIe, I wwld i0oi< c/let cattle.cook. (elch woler olld (i'ewood.Somelit,itS , WlIl/k1 ancnd Khool WItfWlo ,.eo' o( my firll rr>ettIWOliorI. , f'Nmcmed.

Al rhol lime, there ...... ne> d<Twry. My(atI>e,...;,.lo,.. (my(arIlBs IlRer's IW1or>d)poid abride price o(lls.. ',000. My (other

ro~ "'" 0 ~ ..".j 0 f'Il'I Cl$' allKlm. I

hod treat difflClJlty {at my (im deli<ery. I..... in IaIIlIur {at (our days. ond the birthhod _ lDkert plocc. My brotherl come./>od me ld<en to &Ioo"'iOl hosphd~lhey ,.,.. me a drip and I hod a """"'"-.'

, find f'f'II SlIqdl .. mr .... ,."",_.-.,.",Io..........__ ond

.... ·find-'-'_~ Thep_fOrmrbtdpeaod ",m.,­fOr mr t>r-......,'I "'""...... m.,..,_ ,...~ '""'" rIwir -. """'"l', m.,_ q........,....,,_ ........ 1O

*- rile ban! dur. Thep __ 10 rile/tospifoI ond Wtd~ _ ,. ...,.1Imd..,,.,: Jlm;..; ex..d" I d.fi..;tewarmth ....... sht talIu 01 ..... ",,<11flmll)' - she 1$ otMc>udy • Inl>Ch-lo->tddau,hter a..d .itter. W••loo h.v.peepl. lik. Maronl (JU Clupl.r 1.Wh&t we..t wro"lr) whose very rulpo-oblto ,.. ""... yltl 10 be addraMd brIMr bmily &I'ld C_uMy.

Whit kind of wom.n u. lheUmb&<b.I Tn.y .... -.: IM ITIOSlhonI-oooouC "00'•• GI ..... Vv1l.l0-. ..... opic.IkurIl-t.:. d"'Y a.c•• :: f and any to <:hanl _to .eU. 1lI<ry pudcip.ate In ._cuninc won.. reA, ,. C and act.mup. job>. .............. doa no< hitoo many "omen In And'n Pndnn.Ninety.four " 01 QUI" "-F J ICMolCJ •III women report.d ,0;'" forIlrieultural Ilbour. EI.hty-two"ml....ted fo<" wort< to ~r oil" place>with IItde chUdren. Mo.1 01 them

...-..d WlC'I" be!;>• .." Ri. 1S-25. Jw.lUll __third of Ih.m lived ...

thatched huu. .xpo••d to th•..,...... and only 1S Nd .-..oic:iqtin their hc>uJa.

.......... is dIa/r.....,. .. il<r. WhIt _

o:ha ........ b' 1IInitr~!WhItkind GI cholceJ do _ and ......

make! W ""*,; lad ".dli..<in thIt; oo.r ,,_ de , though

.......In now. that It. In no wa.y.addre>se> tIwo .p;t:lflc conttltt ol th;

l.ambada women. Th. hl&he>t ...........of women r.port.d dl.cord ov.,household nIIttII'J (a blanket wm thalcoven privlt. IIIalts ol o:ha couple) ­81.~ Ikoholbm (Glo:ha husl;I;nd, _

prau'I'II)_ st..71S: ......... dos;_

rt'IOftI)' muqn with S7.56S, DiIpa__ o:ha .........Ccl lood am; feu'th....;m SUss. and .....,.,ltKe. 0 .....m6dren (B.6S). tddrlc to odwt"J(19:U"> ."d JOIn, OIIt W;thOllt....... • • (16.91S) am; MOlL

69.4'" ol!ha ........ r;poned "­!hey-. abused .-cl aned, 67.ll6"Jlid th;y widI ..... and

4S.7)" reporad d"'Y _. baten~ sdr;Iu.. Soo",o:hIIC lib Il.nS Nkt1ut wife-bad", wa.. a coo<! thin&.thouch dw bulk of thti. re'pon>e.

am; "om CNo"'''* (34.61S)•

W~·rinl bJ'~Suten br hIIJtoancI

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w. /;It that <hot women rapooidadwith ...... dip'IRy to dIeJe~qU.lllon•. O ..r In.eul,ltOn ­a<luatld youth. mos< 01 w+.om .... IlOlmJrrl.d .nd do not IS ytt play ahI,nband ...... r •••"ttcl thtit mo<hen..........tan. W. watd>td ............of Inoancti w+..., tht Invellil"_ 1"1:into • c!;K>........ with. woman whoapprcv" of wife-belidn,. P.rh.p'dw; mw-."- bHn 1IrJer...-..benof llflP onl for wife.beatitlc, if tft;

Inwolil"ron had noo: bHn SO pro­Xli>oL no. Chand:Itnpa .." I '!icyIloo, _ -.Id like to a<crtoo to dw

f... "W...",. 'pproach of Ih•............W1'Io look wt... ded.IOM In thebmiIyt WherI' did women uerciH".uwr~! 8,S71 raponoe>Clm, .0 querle, about wlv..•decl,lon.makl ..,. whilt 10, I59rupon,e. lined me..•• decl>lo,,·ITIIkinc powen. Tht dill"trenC. 10 Iniuelf~t. Doe, it. Indlatol i:hItQUI" rtoflOOocltf.tJ hid to thlnl< hard;r

to tftume<1i<e 11"91 where womanal>.o pll"IklpJ,. In decillon-maki",!ThooIJII the wile', deciIion....... kina_ ......t in dw is_ olPc to

dw -"- ("'PdI)- lS.1SS, k _low-. ill ......~ ,.6...(8.ISIQ, d~.,·,Mw. (8.09S)1I'dInu•• of ......rri.c;e n.,ot/ulon>

(6.7'1S). Wl¥n~ I V"­fre;dom (17.S8") in ma",," lik;buy,n, 0' provi,iOf'l" ,oin, 'or~ ......... (1e.69S). what la

IOW In d'Mi iWds. «c. ('jI.51S>-

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wearing d1e uri, 2222" had dane.owithin th. last five yea ... 12.53% o""rthe lan ton years, >tId a .mall 2.57"over th. last fif,een years. (All theelected repre.entatlve. to thef'anchlyat3nd~I bodie•. Vi<! met,wanted to wear the wi, now that theywere in d1e public g:ue. They felt that'pcaple tend ta dlscaunt women wha

wear the tradiUonal d~... Being 'eenas Lombado i< demeaning in the publiceye.')

Th. in,enction of Lamblda. with theIlrger .ocletY, h.. also weakened thecommunll bond. 01 ,he thlnda.Communallile in the thlndls i. oneof the significant social in<tltutions.which .ometimes tran.cend. theblrrier 01 kinship and blood ties. I,worked IS a kind of monitor ofactivities In the thand>; il any untowarddevelopment toOk ~ace in any fam;Iy,.v.ry on. would re.pond and .olve itunf,edly. When this bond WIS

disturbed, there was no force whichcould control thanw activities. Actingindividually became more and morethe norm. Jairam Nalk of Jairamthandl. Peddemul Manml, expressedhi. de.p sense of sorrow over theunhelithy developments taking placein the thlndl. He .ay., 'The earli.r

lhanda nail< IISrl to /oak ati.r e"'')'thIngIn the thanda, and police It. sadolaclivitin UnjUng !he thandos with the.Wage panchayan weakened Ih.inte,nal <oh.sion. farlier. 011 dispute.would be s.lt!ed Of the thonda level MIyand in the lhano'o ponchoyots; now theyhave Shifted la the villag. and echa(aaionol di(ferenre. there.' Among the9223 surveyed /amili... 23.78% settledf.put.. ~t the pol;ce .tation. 6-4.8'1%at the g",m pan<hayat level, 70.1'l%with the naik or the thlnda head,6.92% ac the do," and pltel level.

we found photogr'lph. of Hindu godshanging on the wall. of hom.... Among

the toullm'veyed f.milie., H.<t9%areworshipping /amily gods, 69.33% arewor<hipplng .ncestral god., and62.28% >re worshipping Hindu God•.Worshipping Hindu God. I. moreprev.lent in the th~nd~. nearer thero.d•. In Chinnellipdw thanm. (WC

kilometre. from a.1~n~gar, 100%L~mb.d .. worship Hindu gods. In,Imolt .11 ~uspkious occuions. thepriest ha. today become •compulsory .djunot,

These have ICcomp,nled r~di(ll

ch.nge. in their dre.. ",,,ern. The"aditlon.1 drening p.uern of theLambadas is very colourful.nd it is thedress thlt distinguished them fromnon·"ibal .ociety. Men ordinarilywear the dhoti and the pagdl (wrban),The women wear ghaghra or pe,ia(.kirt) of co.rse COttOn cloth, rich inembroidery, .nd hung from the waiStin ample 1010'•. The kandllll (bodlu)Is 01'0 elabora,.1y embroidered ~nd

i. op.n It the b>ek where it is tiedwith coloured ribbons. In the <hond..located nur villages. wl,h greaterin'eraction with larger .ociet)', theyare gradually giving up their tradltion.1dress and Imita'ing viltaRe women folk,This fs a v.ry recen, phenomenon,Among 9,223 surveyed families,57;"7% women are wearing thetraditional dr .... Ind 39,9B% .rewearing .ari•. Among 3,923 sari­wearing women, SI,911% .unedweari.ng I, five ye.rs back, 29.23%between five and ten years ago. and6.02% between ten and fifteen yearsago. The change in dress pattern 01.0hints that dowry is oldest among wi_we~ring /amilie•. We ..ked S.li Bai ofO.m~nkuntl how dowry h.. comeamong umbad... Without heslt>tion,.he replied, 'Sada bondhln katnam','dowry has come with the uri. Of the39.88% who had given it up. and were

Guguloth Bhadru ofBod,,!U<u th.nd.uy., 'Guvoriyo Ko,our Devol(holeM

pujjukoreloj(, (now the lnmbodo, oreworshipping >illoge tod<. ond fo'!:ettingthe;' own gc>di.) Wherever we went

When we re~ohed 6odogutU th.nd;,12 km. from B.I.n>.g.r town, theLamb.du were bUly perfonning the.eeth.l. festi .....!. This festiv.1 is .Iso thele.tivaJ of ucri~u••nd. free flow ofblood. The L.mb.du believe th.tSeeth.l:!.. the eldest of the group of.even .i.ter deities control. endemicdl.eue., .nd protects their cattle. TheNalk wu erecting .even stonelreprelenting the .even deities of thecult At. diSt2nCe of .bout thirty feet• m.le deity c.lled Lukidi. w..inst.lle<!. A group 01 them brought agOI< Vld sa"i~ced it .nd the bloodwu spilled before the .even deitie•.The body 01 the sacrifici.1 gWt wupl.ced in front of the Godde$$, .ndits intestines were dnwn ou' of theabdomen .nd stretched up to theidol of Lukidiy> >ere.. the pit .nd tiedthere to • peg. A I'rU.n then n;,ed ~

din by beating the Nan,.n (. musie>1drum) to frighten the c.ttle from thetempor>ry c.ttle pen which w••.""nged On the eUtern side of ,hedei tie•. A. the cntle nn over theintestine., men .prlnkle the boiledcholam" grain mi~ed with blood ofthe ..cri~cial fowl over ,he uttle.After that, all the Lambams >te foodin groups in the surrounding field•..nd di.persed to their th..,d...

The umbada. used to wor.hip •A number of lemale deities on .....rious. occa.ions - Tuljl Bha..nl, K.n.kali

Bhavani, Mer>mm. Bh...ni, Hingle8I1a...."L Apan: from the goddess, they01.0 worship .noesu.1 god•. Duringthe 1= ten years, there ha. been a.udden change in the .piritual termin,>tId all the traditional goddes.... .,.ebeing repl>eed by Hindu male God•.

Changing CulturaLPatterns__

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The inoro<!uction of modem ",no.of tra".portulon di,locued theLa",b3d.. fro'" 'hi' tradit'on.lotcup>Uon. for """" time, <hey ...,..,Irwoly.,(l in atde-bl ee</;I,. and luer'et<led In INnjar land' (non.pul.lG""emrnen' Iands.) As che land Is nOtfertile. it I:Irc>u&ht ""'Y little dlanle Intheir ecOllOlTlk position. Thoulh ft Isteporud <Ju' 87.33% of the l.lI",b.duin our sul'Yey haY<! bnds. 82.2% 01 them"'11"''' for work In che dim;cu ofSouth TeI3n,an•. On the one hand.they had los< thtir tudl,lonalotcupadon. ilnd on <ht other. <herwere no< allowed to take up >r>'J ocheroccupation, IIn", occupation i.decided by blnh (and ""te) In theolllage society. The only work thltremained /or the l.ambadu wa< to t1ke

"" agriculwrollabour work. as ..ell ...road and buildinl constructions Inurban tenUes.

Mud~Y~lh Ch~ndu of BodalUIUlhanda of &I'R;lpr MandaJ has .......at'" of land and a family of .""endsug!lt~rs, Wher1 his~ g:>Y~ him.co the ,I&I'm dlou&hter. he p~ heramy to Sanjee¥a R.ao. Action 'or SodalO....elopment. for I paltry lurn of Rs.100. The mUn ",UOIl for &fvinl up theb;,by, he points 0<It,." po.crty anddowry. This situation of dClp.ic ofMtoda....th QQnder un M undentoodfrom his chanllna sDcla-cultural"._.~

When Wt <Ilk about L.mb.d••.umbad. women ...earlnlllinerlnlklnohhl; (bodice.) and colourfulIhagh", (,kirt). arryi"l bur.dle. offirewood on U>e;r had. and walkinS01'1 d>e road.. COITte to mind. TM term.Urnb.d. might h••, been deri.cdfrom lhe Sol\$kric 'b..,,', rnelnlnl:_ Alt;~esto<"S of ll.rnb.du wc'" tndenIn All. n,.l:Im~d;uwere t»siull)r Inomadic ."",munity!ill rK"" litnf1..There >re nlll 10m, Iroup' ofLamb.du of Mcd.k dl....iu whocontinue <heir nomldi<: ni.."ncc.When we liked L.mb.du ofO.m:lnkunQ tIwlci:l cl Chand""'l'C'M.rwhl from ....ue <hey come, <hey..id <hey had come from Deva...kon<l..

...hidl wa< one of <he suonl foru ofche 16" centu<')'- The co!onl.l.ccOll""underline me he< <hu the l.lI"'badu"ere orilin.lly fro'" Wes,ernR.jpul>n•.•nd <hu <hey sutteredwoulhou, Indi. In 0I"du to supplycnin .nd ,,1, on <I"'"",,, to <he.rmy., ..ell .no tI1elMenl f>ClPUlate. Tha,i' the re."", why llItnbadas centredthe",,"lye, .round the old foru ofdmeren, dynudts. Thtre Ire .nynumbtf" of nl)thoIo&lal nOl'ie• • mong<he larnbaw .....tOdl...-l, chi' ,pread'0 differen' IWU of Indi' and cheirancestnl ...kJ wi<h the Rajpua.. I, isrteoun,.,(I tha.' tIIty played .n knpor­ant role in deddlnl the 'Iic:,ory anddefea' of tu ...... They rendtl'ell erat...rvic:es to <he British in the KamaQlQ.......

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F~ more .......... reported ded.ions.1 ban: ak.n JoInol)' nther wn byhUlblnd or ...If•.

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W.. are not llbIt to I"~' she iuue•~ ci-' che J.I!ort !*'od of"ud)'. lIIou:" sev"al .ducu.dlMnl.do youth ........... , tM poxDce:.

How...... tM dltI reprdina; inUnt

~ n .... "",,, "'" raOo is"-Fernalt ......... lOO.., kr Umbacb1is nearly~ that 0/ the eenenJ,......... ..-ultty Our <u~ .110.-.poru III -....... born for ......,.I000 mal.. _ • 1o... rlt.. for 1II.....,•• salnu cl952,....... brthofor......,. 1000 .... brtI>I.

It is ..--e bkety d'Lat u. .........., pis

hove bun rtlinqulllltd. G"'''' thepruent~ _ do not "" OUt

!he lmpoIoiblity cl~ inbnticltlt... pheI_.o, in tho future.

••

IpICIU daIin& ""'" relinquiJllmenL'Imunl t~p(ajnl that ....)' bad in1991. the O."'lnkuntl IllCIII_direcorded births 01 8 pit and 8 boys_ ....' """"'" in the wa.,... AI.t cm died wIIilt all eI&h' boy1Wed. Shtuu! "" deKh:o affenWtchildrcll to she I'fX'>Ci' of femaleinbnt>adIL jItoIuN fHlI t if drft),ur 'Ko"b u ned. mat»'od'oer QMlI cl ftuItiad,e wiIc...... "'to nou". Wlule w. hi...~ ukt<f Ibout tl'a in ""duIld.. we hov.....ted. .... hi...drown c.nuin.1y "'Clt••• re""".Fenw. lnQlItICide QMlI "'fIOIUdby ldoption "Ca artiw. tohi... bHn common ........., I.arnbodo;

thi. n'II)' be UIIIub<uoulted. Withdowry belnc CHlIy • dead. old.•bmiy -.... ,uboanbll blide pric.kr ill ti;luchtt" ohouId not need to

Infant and child mortality by.ex

Genor>J n'II!t' GtnenI ItnuIIt(NHFS) (NHFS)

12 9 68.71 9~.5

.. """....,

In <I•• ,.rc,pf'on of the 10.159ruponlu <0 hu.b~nd·< d<"C,"CH1_mlk,n•. tll. lIi.II.... proportJonH.Sl% ,.1< that h."band. dec;dedlboo" m. r~ .......t "" IOW, ftC.

This wu dolo'" f:': .. ed by buJ"fllof f'r'O"lS'DIII (19.n%) IIld I<*c to

m. lNrir.e, ( I '.11 "). Inltraun&'r.2.l1S .. ......., NI< Nt ,.... to die

I/1Pdi wu I _'I dechoon....tIile1.171 wom.n f.lt It Wl< I INn'.--'~.698 Mlo:dw"wu• iC*'t OK,.""" .. It ,.... to,h. market. It hI< bun ou,

ob1erv:It>Ot'l d'Lat Umbadu ""'" CO'0 the wukJ)r marir..tiotwldy I< •coupl.. f., mO,. dun o,h..,Commun,,,.. In mlny othuCCIIm'1unnln, It Is d'>t rnatl ..no ....yco- w+ult here. bodl .!way< :0.

Till "'e find Llmb.dl wOm.nIrtkul.ti". their l<lun openly..... "";DnOt b. Ibl .. '0 .dd,.n :.nd"di'jl&J'<tM. in their complt>< liv.., It60eI hO....eI remain. pro!olem INtit is <he pi cJl,l,d..no l< xi-< ._y.!hepi chid who 11 not ,en< to ochoolodo.. _~I:)"""" th.. pi chid..no..- Into III unc...wn <nII'riIce- w ..find "<HMI, .ufFtrin& from a.. ...ochiealth po obl ..... d'La..... ef~ toIf'Ucublt and __ ..-.. GIliaIIc krme &tnIy to c..-- to __ """'" end"""t ill tr'&&CmML W. Ind _~&« abuItd and -.... in ""'"-.

w. hope 1N' ....... 01 she <HuibI'"" lbo... m.)' be ,.Id by thel.Insbadu~ and ~rir. offftK,flW'y debate """""l ch.....

Fem~le inbnticide - iI $hortI'\Ote:Thl. h•• be... r.ported b)' bothJlmU'" 01 GramYI Ind adoption

•

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The•• percen"'le. re... 1 how theNalk and the thanda panchayau arelosing their hold o""r the tlund.o,

Nerbpally Gram I';lnchay;lt 0/ BalanprHandal hu foorteen thandu ~nder I~

The to",1 .ate" of me p.nchlyat are1400 0\Jl of which 900 Ire Lambad\l.AJ; et..:: lamb.du are In me majorityIn me ""ncharat. mey ha.e been li.enme ";Itage S.rp.nch polt for me bit

20 y...". Of Courle Lamb.das are meSarp3nches, but the ",w.1 controlle"are the IOCII Reddis. M. Rupia w"elected thrice .s Sorp.nch with theb.cklng of Krlshn. Reddy 0/ Goded.iII.ge Ind Venk.n Reddy of Nerbpally.M. Rupl. wn .In;ually lhe lervant(Ieelha.g;ldu) of Kri.h~ Reddy_ Evenalcer he wa. ele<:ted S:lrp""", Rupiaused to do manual wor1< in KrishnloReddl's house. P. Wachly;l who -..S:lrpanch for the lut 6 yu" -.. :al1Oone of the servanu (Ieeth.gadu) ofaabu Do.. (nephew of SurculaRamkrl.hn. Rao) of Nerllp.J1y. He

could al,o nOt m.ke .ny effort to Ktindependently. belnl 10ully underBabu Dor", control. AJ; 11 rtlOll~ allde.elopmenu remlin confint'd to themain .iIIop only, they do not re"hthe thandn. Thlnrh, I.rlely remv..~nto~ched by ponchayll s,hem"Rooghly \Wo·thlrds 0/ our rupondenu(S8H/922l) reporlld thu GrimP.nchayu funds ond «heme< ne.erreJeh the dulndiL Gudibando tlllndowhich Is under NerLapolly Ptnchly;ll0/ Bal>~pr tw no «hool.tIIe ,hlldren10 '0 the ";1I.ge <cI>ool -4 km aWlY.There I' no eIec'ricity supply in rhedund.o. They were liven p""'. forGovernmen, houle, <Wo ye.,., a,o.bu, nodUng furtfler tw .........d. Theypleaded with us to ,et hou..sU1>Ctioned for rhem. Tl>ry hive notbeen p<"O"ided any GoY<. loaM. Onlythree OUt of 60 ha.e ..ken co­opo,r:::'..e b>.nk loan•. Thoy hI..e no<heMd or seen rhe ANM. Otr: 0/ thefourteen thnd.. und" 'heNerbplIIy ,ram p1l>ChJy.at only four

tmndu hI.' a r~. Some Umbada<were u)'U>&. We""'" deodop os IonrlIS <he Ooro', ,*"".",tlo" is rhe~'

Where urlON rhe <handa lamb>.du<pOke Wlth _ ¥Oke, now difleren<

fiCtion. exisL mil'l'"Orlnc those In thefTliln dllp. The qua.....l. tha' enJptdurinc <he elecPonI continue '0 ~,...all Ihroulh she Inlervenln, period,preven~"I1I'l'K<ive line! ""ited work.

•

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Change is possible:The silver lining on the cloud

n-e is,however, I~ lininl to thecloud how....r. Tht Govemm.", 01And"," P",dem 'W\"'& ded'ively intoIn)(>II e."" rhi' ,urn m... n... crucialGO. No. M. No. 1(, d."ed 18.4.200 I,bann;"1 .ccop..n,. of ,.linqul.hedchildren by adoption "enclt. i.

certainly' '.'" In the ri&h. dlre<:don.The liV!m ...... 10 me .gencies b)othe arrHlS ofkey ~gu~V>d the aid".IW>y oIcholdren Ni, also sh>ken the

compb.en<:y of the ~i" ... well•• CARA.

W. hur aI ""rlou, welcome """'"l>y a,encies .0 clun "l' tt>e;r aet.

We allo nore .hu communl.yorJani"tion. 01 me Lambadu N.v...ken me issue ~.Iy and .~ uyinJto engage with ft.

Community organisationof the Lambadas:While 'hen >re uveral suchor••niutlon., we found 'hI< ,h.Lamb,d. Hakkul. Porau S40mfthl(LHPS) was I«Nt In the area. under.cudr. A• •• rly .. In9 when the,und.1 fin. '""'Pte<!. they Iwl takenup 'he prOI,>.mm. amonl thec~.ofcombatinj die f"'Oblem01 ~inqui$hm.n. 01pi children, Theylud meetln" In 'he 'handu.demon'trated before the office' of the

IdoJ>flot' lIlendeS. h.ld a .....jor ...m·ynr. In M.y .nd Jun. 200 loverseve...1MJJKbls; the fint ;"ue of tf>e;r

mapzine. NonpNl Sheri kad ........1a,,;cl.. on 'he problem. Wh.n .......pp~ch.d '0 coope...te wim our,<udy. ,he LHPS rflponded _nnfr.JIld helped un<Ieouke me ,urvey in

tWO Mandat•. Ch.ndampet and ~B.alanapr. Their >cti.lou helped u.arranle Interview. with Iffect.dmodlen and women In<l .n.wer.dour myrild~ wlm pnlence.

Gr.en the het mn any dent in <heproblem will hive'" be ","de witI1 mecommunity by effortS within le, It i,noperative for GoY(. '" rope in ,uchorlonlutlon, In In efforn. Theorlonl..oon .....y be Keptial of ,atecommitment JIld polltl<;al win. wIlkhmrows JIlldded burden on Govt. todemonstrate ml.. -,

Reform elfons within me community01"" need to be II..n melr due plocein p..,...etive implemenation. We givein me appendix, a '0lIl In the umbldldialect. which i. populo, amonglambados of Medok district.Popularl,ed by the Nanded GuruP.w (. Lommd. hlnuell). it .... ofthe IIs ofdawry. Many such Clisettesare being c1rculned among theL:ambld..... wd a. bNlon .."ion.held In the evenings. The folklwen

.

What needs to_be_donL

• Co""."e"t may need <0 Nve awiclo-ranCin& Enquiry Commltteto:N., can ID Into the W'DI'tinp ofthe adopdon qencia IlidIel <D. This"""d not be punitive. but inscadsolely ID prevent recurrence ofsuch incldena in the fuw.... and lay<he baIiI for a !raI\Spa~1 and faira<k>pOOn lUideliMs.

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G!lc:C:~r 8

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• Th. Slue Governm.nt could,erlou.1y coroside.- pu,hin! for anational MOl'3to1ium on Inter.country adoption (ncept formedically challen!ed b>.bies) forWee <0 ,"vc yean. Thi. shouldf:acirrQle <he dryln. up of <he b:abylrade. and breakin. up of <hemoney neKU'. Simultaneously.chere is a necessity Ior a n"tion,,'ban on "ccepunce ofrellnqlli.hed children.

Andhra Pradesh. babie. lNy bephy.ically 'mll"led out tonei!hbourinc "uus and !lvell illadoptiof'l from <here. I, may belleCf'SIaty to appoln' a StandingCommlttfl' for a period of twO

yurs '0 act .. watchdoc. Thl"commlttu an consist of Govern.men' official'. police. localcommunl<y orzanisa,<ion. of theLamb.du. human ria;hu orpnl­UtiOM. Th. Cornmillee .houldNW neceuvy pow..... 10 act OIl

complaints. IflIp.ct homes alld;qencieI. and direct police to takeaction where n""",Iaty.

The lamboo'a commumlJ MS bftnpushed 10 uerd$i", onIr 0 MrOI;'.power ..., ~. IndMduall. ptIroculorlyIo'DIIIm and p1 babies, ~",,,e of lhtJrpowerl.""." .nd lurvivol j",li"'tIm..-.enLiDm OIt u'P"~ due 10 .....r"",lhe n.rmol relotion,Mp belweM~ and communiry. W. woulcIlik. la propOle mu/ri-/a,eredr«ommendooort$. We do IlOl rhinIc thatrhe.e <hould apply to Goo(>'.'ltn,1lb>r.Th.,. O~ lIWIfS ~tnmerIl oIo<>t .0..do, and ~'" .... """'Y rh"'t3 thal cM!>OdeI)' ond ""'.. "'l"nif<ltiM1 alone "'"do. Whil. th... or. nOl mUlUal1y~. we 11""" .ep"rolNi lM ona.(w do-rily.

I. Adoption:• Broadly. the adoption .,encle. con

be (luoiIifll into either elitist or._ni.llt may be poUlbIe ID._,,"I,ln .Iitist .,o"el," 10enco"..... nu;o",] .dopdotl and• ie.. poor Idlilu U ,ulubl.adep,i•• p'....nu.. 1I is not pouibleto do a..lY with themGo.ernment QnnOt pl!m'W\cntlytake up die prow.m of keepingabandoned b>:bl,., and ensurinrcood .0'01"1•• home. for them.Bu, Wh.~t 'he In... 01commerciali,!" i' conc........cl, this11 an area 'l;'here a"er muchdifficul<y.• Qs1l nUllS IIaI bUfl.et up. I, is~ ddrlClllr. <0 br...ka ash ne..... It .. ~kely <hat. !Iv""the bin OIl rer"""ilhed b>.bl'" In

'h,: hem,'w

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• Till luch tlm. tilt ch. ,itu.donstabUII... Governme", eo"ldcon,lder lea";"I accessible cradlesat differ"'e pointS irIl'1i~e.r..... so tlIae~ is an option for.....enCl who .tilI fffI the need COg;"., up thelr gin babies.

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• Ope"ing Ing.nw.dls in .....rylhanda having more than 20chikI.- will help to foe... on childand pr.gnant mo, her.' healthneed.. Th••npn_dfs could wellbe ,h. foal point In ch. IhIndl lwh.r. Governm.nt 1......le.1convlr.e. W. h..... noeeddivergent Govtmmen, "h.m"ladt focus bta.... of their Ipre.d.A DPEP school functioning fl"Clmche ."pnwldi (or the revern)f.cilitlles ineerlction of 'he.ng.nwadl wor~.r wi'h 'heee.cher, SI well as the interaction<>fth. DtplrtmttI' olWomen andChild Welf.re wl'h cheD.partment of EdoIClDon. Simibrlywith health faciIitieI. AI. !he thanda.it m.kes sen.. 10 .....Clret

resoun:es <0 facilities in one place.helping coordination b.tween IIIdeplttments.

Education

• Schooll need co be esablished in

all thanlia' whtrt~ art! mor.cmn SO children. Here enroI""""eand rt!ctndon ol VI' needs to behitftli&flted. Hostel fadWts underTribII welfut wtdll SO " quo,.for #iris need '0 be .nla'led. At.the hemel, generally cake girl, over8 years of .,•• admilllon and are11 a younger '1' need' to becon,ider.d. Voluntsory a,.nci"1"...oIved in the field of eduationm.y be asked <0 ake up parr. of

"'" .....

• Human ,.;ghe< orpnis.ationl bothIn Indl••nd abro.d could b.contacted co ,en.i,lze publicopinion In Indi. and .dopd....psrene< .broad.

Explor. communley b..edadoption opdons .nd h.lp ,0extend legal sancclon.

•

• The imm.di." r.quirem.", i. acompl.ee bue·line medical check·up for III Larnbllda women in south

T.la"g."•. which should includeha.moglobin, gynaecologicalexami....tion,~ This needs 10 befollow.d by sultlll>tll tr...lm.n'where the pad.nt nu co hIveace... co !he <Ic>ccor .d...st onCl •rTIOtIl:h. and in emergencies. Familyplanning camp. n••d to b.avoided.

2. Government:A South Telsngsna LambadaTribes Agency needs to b.urgendy set up on the 11"" of theITDA with a time-bound man­date••ay Ii.... years. to arry outand coordinate programmes Inthe llTeas ofhealth, education andbasic InfMlStrvtture.

Hslth

• D~llmmll of ,h. lImb.d.community need co be recqni<ed,livftll kltl Ind trUIed in prim.ryhealth a .... Their rt!ferrIIs to thePrimlry Heallh Cenerel lndDinrict Hospital, need to be given.dded weicht. Empl0>J.Oent assurance:

• There i' an ~'1ent need for access The Lambicb community havc provedof Lambad. women to ho.pital CO be r.':" farm.... where liven thedeliv.ry. Thi. will rtq~i ... Idded chant.~b'Yland, need co be upuadedmobili...tion of ANM Itrvlces, IS ehrrgh ,oil eon.......ulon. Will'

well IS provi.lon of vehicles co retll!ntion enhInctmtnc. IffortiaciontI'IMporr.!he prtIIIItIt woman co s:J, wUt. I.ndl, p.reolallon unks.tilt hospital. / Minor _"'" CO/'ISttYIUon m....ur..

There " an urgl!nt need Co fceu. inin-counery .dopelon. Co id.ntifybotd.ned<s .nd remo.... them in in-­c""nU}' adoption proc,..... Tofacilitae. thl•. cher. m"it b••n.tworking of VCAs throu&f!ouccIlt counay.le does no< maQ...,..tlIat an adofM:iv'e~ from Idaho.USA. Slly. sI10uld ha"" belter '«ellCO an .t>anOoned child of AndhraPnde.1t, COlTlfMred to an adoptivepo....,e from Punj.b.

• In our ,~e,n.lve di.cussion, widladopdon .,.ncit.. i. nu come <0

lighe ,h., eh,ir proc....' ar.•hrouded in stcrKy. oscemillly <0

proe.ct both lIU of p.renn,n.w~ and adoptive. It ""'<h: bem.d. m.nduory eh.e suchq.nci.. kave working M.n.,lngCommin... wieh .. I.." •minimum of m.mb.r, fromdifferene scn.ieiviti... SeueGovemm.nt con..ne CO • CAMlicenc' may.1so be preceded by apublic snnounc"",.nt. such .. an.dvercl..mene in promln.nenewsp.pen. In...lcing obj.ctlOnlfrom alt concerned individuals and

groups.

• Governmen, an facili,.te an Inttr·country .nqulry and ace...infoml.lion from Indian embassiesabroad <0 find out haw OIW ch~dren

.,." doin;. lepl mKhiM<y in pi.""in ocher countries and ,h.partioJlv" modes of operation ofplKernent q.ndes.

,

What needs to_he...donL

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,The lambado ("",,,,unlly ha. b•• ~

pu.hod 10 .~.,dsillf on'" .. lIoral'"po~, 0>1" ~. indMdu<l1s. par!klJlarlt_ and pi babies. bee""J! orlM;PO",""../I'" olld ,"rvi...1 Inlli"CL

InllliWtllions o~ "'lentry due la resunrh. 1I0,mo) relalionship belweu;"dMduoll and communiI)'. We .......sttlike to propose mulli.Joy".edrecommendations. W. do nol rhinI< lholthese fhOlM opply 10 e;."..,nm."l ojeno.

m",. o~ thinr~nl 01""" calldo. IJnd~ en """'" tIIlnp !hal cM~ondmm< "',..""arkml alone COIldo. While lhe•• or. 1101 mUlual"...a..M, .... h~ ..po,ated !he CltfOS

/or clarity.

I. Adoption:• Broadly. the adopliO" :agencies CI/I

be tl...ir",d IMo ~r eliti.. Of'

«>mmen:ial. It ",ay be po••ible <0

••n,it;'o ollllot .,ellcles '0tnCou~ lI~don.1 adoption and.Iew poor .deJlu as ... Iubl..~liV.parents. It Is not possilM10 <10 away with the", •

Government QnI10C p"nNlnmdyt.>k. up the problem of keepl",.lan<loned babi... and en.urlll'cood lOOpti'l' horne, lor them.But where che i..u. ofcommercialism Is conc.rned. !hisis an area where alter muchdifficulty, a cash tltlIuS h.as beens.t up. It is ••ry difficult to bruka ash n9:Us. I. is liltely Wl. renthe ban on r8nqui1htd babies in

Andhn Pndesh. babi.s may bephysically smuul.d out toneip,bourina: .tate. and g;'"" in

adoption from there. It may ben«esury to sppolnt a SundingCommittee lor a period of two

y.a" '0 act as WlOtchdog. Thl.tommitt..., an cDllSist of Gcwem•m.nt officials. polic., localcommunicy orpni...tions of theLambadu. human rights or,anl.utlons. The Committ.e shouldhave necessary pow.... to act oncomplaints, Inspett homes andapncies. atld dlr«t police to takeaction wheN! MttsAr)'.

• The State Go.ernment couldseriou.1y consider pushlnglor anation;>! monotorium On Inter­tountry adop~ion (except forme<lkally tha.llenged babies) forth.... to lne yea.... Thl••houldbciIlt:I.e the drylng up of the babytnde. and breaking up 01 themoney n.XIII. Slmultaneou.ly. .,there I. a necelJity for a nationalban on a«eptante ofrelinquilhed thlldren

• G<wemment may need to hIve awid~ enquiry CommitteeWt gn go into the wor1tInts ofd>t~ agendes hItheno. Thisneed not be punltiv... but Instead.olely '0 prevent recurrence of.uth Inddents In the future and bythe basis for a transparent and lairadoption guidelines.

'.... , "

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>tad

m"ad.

«.K<, III

'"~..••""of

like Check <bm, on .... nricH.lsrlvulea .........~ Ihese areas,need to be seriously considered..e-rity bote ........... !.M,ol»duI!'II:U:I be -'ou&Iy coo .. It td on tIwro- <his is run for the SC$.

Local bodies:Go••"."ent rnu1t HriousJy consldef"tht ;uue of Hp.nt. pancNya< forlNr>Ou. This ... addra. the politialmlI~ILllJlU~ of tht community.dc,.....,VU.... ,..,F: Ontlts OAth.~ Itself. bdlau InwrNlcohesion and rutunIy ..~_>cc 1Nl

quaky 01 f.M -'" lbat an be ......~ 01 dI4IlMnbodu .....;d'Itht loci! community un only beraIIud if !he hid>erw .-qu>l -....01 poww an be reduced.

Gender support lnt.......ntion. an";u1l1 nee,nary to "tip Lamb,d.__ evolve spaces for themlelYe•.

• This impIet I ltep-up of DWCAA

procno"""'" Mut.nil)' 6enefkScheme. Girt Olld Protections.:hvn~ Widow Pension. elc.~dwl.M"bad.... WIlh-..

"~ In d'III threo oo.od:oIsof NaJronob.. Rlnprddy IndMedal<, !hen if ample~ to

imp 0'" c.ows ....

• The Girl O>ild PlOUlCtioo. SdMmewu Intended to rema"" ,enderprejudice and help In I....murlllu. The dlstrl"~Ultlon has larJoIy Iinl<ed ItwiI;h QmlIy pIatwli... 10 dm al<tnm. booo f i'riII ollhe IdIeme areIhe ...,.., pto In I C'W<Hrit ..,.The sa..-~ _ be linked

wilh lamiJ pta..... WZ'U- Giftsill lar."J'rl bmitiel Ire the.....dJ••L 8udpUt)' Illoationshoutd be IOKru••d to COo,,

ZIkut ..... pi In 11 IUdl bmIliel.

• The &lib SwI.'~:tIi y*"" (01die G<notnwneftt of India) if I.ch...... to protect ,In d'lild... " L Thot ,...... ...Ioc_"01 oNr Ib. 70 Ioldls, c-w.,; la.W .. 10-15,000 .In. "H,h tos<epped up ...btt1/'ltlllly to meet

II!e urrn< need ... llid....~edUCltiOlW dilplrillu.

o ICOS wiI need ... build I opKilJIocuo ... cM lodoIucem pt. whoh.. no pllCl I.. most weltlre~ ,., "" ••••_ for oldIdeY.lopm...t I ..d Iwlren"..~ need to be~ up.

o HaIdl are I bnis for-...... belo ,~

... Iowa- eN hWl Wane rnoruityInd mll.r..at "",rulll)' ut...besiden<ldreulna m. pi :bh 'oofreproducdn trlCt Infeerio..,.....Ilrl •. TB, an..ml., nu<tit/onllcIefklencies. ne. ........p"••om._~ Iikt: I .ub-PHC or I moba.PHC an be con.klered for the........

o SpedIl .. ' .... , ..... 111~ fOf"_needtobeuw '11 ed ...I war foodna to lmpI ...... i:ht:ir

~=

o Other pro.rlmm.. Ilk" IJanmahhooml~ forth" South T......"/11 Lambad...~clu.Jy,,1y could b. uken up,The....h....ld 11.0 Include mu,mobIIiOllion~ w1d1 theacun .upport of Llmbldlcommunity orpnlSltlon.. These,hould ako Include ."ppo", ofUhti.., CUllUn! f....ml of ch"commu.. lty u w.1I u reform_ .... for • la,""" chit 01............

o A d"""Jopm"nt ..odal pointwidl ...... ortwoacM and~youth (boch men I ..d worn....)

Wbat netds 10 be done

cowW .... cru,ed in DdI chIndoto help .......itor the YlriO'"de.elof>""'l!<'llllCtiYittfl and toiruna widl <!'lIt Merent lpilCie

i"d.ed.

o Gournment could I..coordlnltlo.. with comm"nll)',..oup. lIk. "p ...... moblliOltionpI"Olr"lmme. elpeCillly on 11Iue.r"lu.d to ,ender••qult)' Indinbmuitionl»ccell to ........."'"d•••lopm.....~.

Lepl machine~o GoYemrnent ""')' consld« the

./IIctment of. compl ....',.;.."a j:p ion low <ha an Iba ,.....,.,~htnlle. I..d lit In.Ut,,tion,,'TMreio ....... c............... of_.Ibouc die 'P"cific powtO of <!'lItD.plrun....... Wom.n .nd ChildWelll,e IIICl the JuYttIlI. WelfIreBoan1. The bin On ,"cc"ptanc"of relinquished chlldr.... shouldr.mll .. ce.. trAI to ""1 newI_ciliAtion.

o GoYernm"... c.....d 'pKlnClIIy'''Ges, lmendmenu to CAM.........., to 1IIIk. tnIIkkina Inbaboeo ""'" ciftin* Thot -\, • ,IawI of diffeI ..1II uw ill id ...........IftIIysed to lind _....., only ......

~ Sly. Iik. die USA, -..cl if.

diI'\lia*. ... monitor .....~<

.,....aes. Norw of the btbles """"to hlYl ,on. 10 'he Unl'ed~ Coootrito """'ch do nol

hI¥t.o """'It 0'" Ik nItwI~kl...... lhW.,........~b•••oeoiIte!y.

For die communityactivists themselves:o Then is an impeta...... need for

discu<sit>n on wNl aai.".-lCD be l2ktn up on I coo,."o" bIsis

lOO" bettermen' of me communi<y.Unle.. me communi<y ",ke. anIn,eru, in .uttainabledeyelopment, and eon,rol.processes 01 upcn-oation 01 drylands. Kc.. nothi"l un change.

• ActMtie. to enl\ance monicoring01 che ....rious lacilitiM olle~ bydI. Govt.. for example. ed"",tion.need to be l2l<en up. The xhoolcomm;ccu. may be occa.ionallyremon.tnti"l with cIIe '","cher forno, ..,endinl. This h.. <0 be101l0wed up by serlou.communlcy monitorinl. Ma..ledon Is bound co hay••IIec<.SimIlarly wlcII ocher laeillci.s. If thecommunl<y Is co haYe enhanc.dacCeSS co schoollni and heal<h.accmus hay. to p~y attention tothese areas.

Very olcen. th.s. Ir. che are..which are linor.d. becau.. theyI .... no, cOtl.ldered 'poIicicaf, and

beelu" they do nOt pay

• -. ••

immediate dlyidendl. ASOCial mo••menc CiYUpre"lce, clmpaicn!nifonccesl '0 loans m&YC;yemonecary benefill. buccampaigns for ed""'tion andhealch >re long-terminyescmenu ch.. actiyiscsha.e to serioutiy con. id er.The dichocomy oIlJlitadonaland conscructi.e politicsha.e to be bridged by the.cci.is" mem.elyes.

• Communicy organisationsmutt take up actiyities toenhance women's controlour cheir liyuencouragement of women'scroup. for dlscu«ion andSUppol't. IlSues 01 d..........ticYlolence, alcoholism, UC.

Cruclni .pace< for womenIn the e"l"inl communityOI"p'nisations Icsetr will helpwomen emellle andIrticullce their issuel.

• Actlylu. could orglnlte publichurin,s on ....rious iSluel. To bep,with, <here could be public heann,son police inaction In ....riou. asesof l"'1ed relinqulshmenu. and chelack of ace.n co basic <el"ticu.Public: hearinp help in acalysl"l checommunicy and proyidl"l a p1atfonnfor dlalozue with local officiIl,.

NGO" Two oplions are lvallable­one is actinC as I deliYery "",hanltmfor Govt. pro:ra.rnmeI. The od>tr is to

hetp ,h. community by equif>plnc Itwith .kills neceslUY '0 conU"Ol chtirown 1iYa. NGO< need to wori: wlmumbada eommunitlel Ind help intnnlfenTo& sl<iI< to d>em.

,."01'­"m.......;(U....­...~

~)

m."'...'"'m...,...".Ice,I .n

,

Ilk. ChICk dims On the variousriwIIu~ ......,...~ lIrUO,

..,ed to '"' ..riously considered.

e-.ltJ 1iocIA ..... ""~Ihould t.. MricIusIJr CD lSidet ed ... die

INs dlI:I 11 run few """ se...

Local bodies:Ca ......oc must --....rr uw.....dM a- 01 HpanU ~d..,., ....

INndu. ThlI .... .cldra.s "'" poiDaIma...pnaliudool of tht community.de,of,.V-_~on"'"

communlt)' Itself. bdlitlue int.....1cohfllon and ..runlIy~. dlequality at fadIidu dm an be ........ kuzndon 01 tM Umbadu ......the loul community un onl, betulIud if die hithetto unequal tennI

01 pow« (;In be ..ouced.Gender support lnterv<l!ntlons Irevltlll, n'''IUry 10 help umb.d.women ,vo.tv. spices /or rhtrnse/Ya.

• ThIs implies. ICtfHIp 01 OWCAA

prOl"'mmll, Maternity 8enerrtSell.me. GIrl Child Protection5theme, Widow Pension, etC.III'lClI'W the l.ambada$. WIIh-..

" c-. in et. ctne mandabof NaJa;ondl. RI"Iueddy andMedlk, men. 11 ample ICopt! to

I",,,, D•• C-.,

• The Ql ChId P..".....1on SdwMwas k_,dd to 'fOliO'.~prejudk. and help in latermIni.,,,,. The di,ulct

...0....... *""" hu larpIy Irhd ir.wkh bmIy plao.... 10 ItRt "'­Ihe beneIdaties gf!hl sd....... .....en. ...,.. pis ... twO-UI'lil ...,..

TlM~ shcuIcI flOC be linked...... family~ lIflelS. GirkIn luC"'CI,1 '"mllln Ire theneedi.... 8udC'tary IlIac_tion.hould b. I"creued to cOver.tleut _ pi in .. IUdI hmilies.

• The IlIlb SOrno .... T.... (ofdie GoYlr.......enl of Indill) I. aIch.....e 10 prOlK' Cirl child~The~...in,

01 .....,. Its. 70 IaIoN, CID'. ilC lieu........ 10.15.000 clrto ","~d. 10

!he ...... ....d 1D .......e-ser... ad .. ...".....

• 1CD5 .... IIHd ID buid a opedaIfoal< on IhoI adolex.... pt. whoh.. no plan in moll welfarepo OC' .f"ou. PI OC' ••••Id for dciIIde... lopmenl a...d awannl..~ need ID be w- up.

• Hahh ca.. on a ........ basis for................... '0 be irr$'! 'ot>'lW<fID Iowwr IN hlIh IrhnI:~and maternal morulll" r:uu.baIda ..tdru..... the problerm ofrwprod"cuY' tracl Inf~cllonl.

malaria, TB. anaeml>. ""ultlo".1defitl.ntlll, ItC. Pertu.PI. lOIne·IIIlnc likt a wb-PHC or a mobilePHC an be conlid~ for lIIe........

• SpecbJ anpIoymenl KhemeI forWOI1WI IIHd to be CORIlderecI ona war foodnC to Impr~ !heir.-

• Olher p....Cr.......... like aJanmabhooml procrwnrnl fordie So"th Telan,pna Lamblda....d ...IYeIy co"ld be taken up.TheIe Ihouid abo indII<le m&II

m IS ± .pooc,.,.,... ...,fd,1he

acdye sUPflOrt of LambadaCOIl'II'I'IUtIi orpnIAtlonI. Thes:1should abo lndude 1Ul'P"M: of.....d...C c"l,un! for.... of thecomm"...lty u well a. refonnma._,lI, for IlWTlplw. d'at 01.... ~-

• A dlYllopment nodal pointwidl one or twO~ and litIrlu!yO"lh (bo!h mln and women)

Wbal nlldllo be done

could be trilled In IldI d\anda10 h.lp monitor thl ""riou.deYelopmenul uti.ltia and to

io'urxl wkh dw M ..... qe: iI •

il"ot Id.

• Go.ernm••lt couJd incoo.dination ..ith communi.,.l"""P' <:ab ........ " It.•iQo,

~ IlF'! I:j on""'"..Ia••d .0 ••nde•• eqUity andiNomvodono'XCIII ID CO'""' •••ot>.de..lop_~

Leg~ machinery:• Go..rnment may consider the

'naclm.nt of • comprehellllYeldopdon la.. d'at can >Iso CO"'"'orphana." and fil Inltltutloru.'There 11 """" confullon &I of ......aboul the lpecilic pow... of theOep:artmeo'll, Women and Childw~ and the J.....nil. WelfareBoard. The ban On acceptanceof rvlnqulthfil children shouldremain cenluJ 10 ...",. nlWlell.latlon.

• Go..rnmln. could Iptclflully........mendmenu 10 CARA11' "'" to mak. vaIllcklnc inbat.. lIifJll;JA The'" 'I' io .,

IIwI 01 difrL •• -..ntritI lit:aftlIlyIecI1D tlnd out """y .....,. ........c--.. ..,.... the USA. Iind it~ le IO'" I or thtr pta:eo,ot>•IClllOU. None 01 dw babia .......to ha...e con. 10 the UntIed~ eo...ries wftidI do r«

...... w .....·".·· ,Iaws-.....cl

....... thW .ulcitJ ...........oiud~t •• "1'1'..,,..

For the community3..ctivirts themselves:• There is an Impll1lu..~ for

+O'llion on whal KtiYiIills needto be taken .. on a c:ornn-. buiI

ubliC....--,..~~,..""",I. _~~

.~

"e ~...­P ill

-

AppendixJ

",.

b) Did Iny thildren die on Ill"" or whe~ they were )'OIln,!

•

a GairvVfo<..t

o Dry a Wet

~N. ",. ~""'. M.I, £clllCltion O~c.upation

I.

2

2.

••s.

••,.••

QUESTIONNAIRELambada Thanda SUl"Yl!y

cl WhJ.. ~rops do)'OU oowl

o For We 0 for ..".".~ 0 For both

D.otr>et H~'" Tlw>tbN.tql! _

I I) Detail. of farNly (dtildren o~lf)

N.~ _

H~.b>nd'. Nlme _

Ai' _

1. .) Type of hotJ,.

OH. C] Tied houll ac_

') Do )'OU hJ...... elecu1cJry!

C] It> the hotJ•• a In the than<l. a In both

J. .) 00 you hJ..,.IJ"cl! 0'. ONo

o """ a For lease

000 OWN ODo OWN

') How many gm. do )'OIl own!

00 0' 02 02 a. 0 .......

,

s. Who do you owe manq to!

o T" the GO¥t. Q T" the~ aT" \he saI>ub<

6. a) Do you 10 for labour! 0 y", a No

I) How 1N"l' months! 0 0-3 0)-4 0 6-9

li) Do you mlJn.te for wor1<I 0 Yes a No

1Ii} How much is your dally wage! Q RL 8. t5 0 Ib.I S-2.S 0 Ri. Abo_. 25

b) Are you or your dlildren worlcin.:os bonded bbounlnl 0 Yes 0 No

If res. how m.....:h I, me r-iY ~e!

For children: 0 1,500-3,000 0 3.000·5,000 For adulu; 0 5,(l())..8.000 :J 8.000-10.000

e, a) What programmes of the Govt. do you acc'"

o DWCAA 0 Trysem 0 Girl child deposit Cl DIl.DA 0 Housinl

Cl Ma<emily bMefi' .cl!..... 0 Old age pe".;"" Cl Widow pension

9. a) When the,e is • conflict, to whom do you 10

a Police 0 Gram P>rM:hloy:at Q land> Nalk 0 Lanclant/P:",",l

b) From which institution. havoe you wen help!

a Govt. HO$piQI 0 Anm a 5Chocl 0 MRO

o MOO 0 NGO 0 Cooperat/Ye 80nll 0 AtIp1WJ.di

IO,I} How old is the dowry in)'O\O" family!

OSyeanold 010 020

b) How much i. !he dowryl

00-20,000 D20.000-so.ooo 0 SO,ooo.llal<h 0 Iba"" 1 lakh

c) Along with die dowry. what else do you hlY" to~ Please state the vat"" .pproxl"""ety

o CIothln: 0 GolcI Cl Ve...... 0 CycleIMotorcyde 0 0dIers

<I) How many lirls of rTI3.I'1iagable a&" .re there in your family!

00 0 I 02 DJ QAbo¥el

11. a) How dou con"kt becwun huslw>d~ wife arise!

o Doer rood Ind cooklnc 0 Household .....tters 0 AJcanoli1m 0 Child,,..,', behaviour

o TVkinI with oliltrs a Goir1t; out without pcJ'Tl'liuion a NoM)' moaen

b) When th~r~ 1$ con/net~ )'O~r hl'Sband ~t )'O~1 a Ya a No

a Does he .bY.e you! a Doe. he but you with hi' hancls Q With .tick

cJ I, it 100<1 to beot the wlft! a Yes a No

I2. Who ukes deciJions In the house

Wife Husb."d ..'".} Buying PfoYisions 0 0 0

b} On the dlildre.1'1 future. eduatioll 0 0 0

<} On m~rrl1ge mn,ers 0 0 0

d} ~ners of rdatr.es 0 0 0

.} On P>l1O ..... mubt. 0 0 0

Q ~ttUS 0( the field 0 0 0

" On M~ners of W1ge·l~bour 0 0 0

h} Selling things like milk. khoa. etC. 0 0 0

13. a) H.1!te you or anyone you know ren a-.y d>eir cirt cl>ildI",1l

Q Who :J To whom

b) Why did they live! :l Poverty 0 Dowry

c) Did ~nyctle come 10 your tN.rld~ to uke girl babies! 0 Yes 0 No

14. Wh.1t zeds do you worship!

[) Family pis :l Ancestnl COOS 0 RamIHm........nIBaIa;..Saibaba·

IS. a) How many edUGlted unemployed are there In your family! 0 fem.1l, 0 m~le

h) 00 the fundi of the Gram Panchayat come 10 your thand.1! [) Yea 0 No

c) Is thIA a 5docol in the thmda! 0 Yes 0 Ne

16.00 you wur your tnditiotW clothes! 0 Y.,. 0 No

If you do not weu them. when did you leave off wearllll them

o o-S ran 0 SolO 0 10-15

-

IS. DenrdIario. tIwld:a

16. ChowI:larII:b. dIanda

17. lIeld"dapdcb tNnda

18. Yap;l~ee .....ncb

19. ChaINb. gate dwlda

lOo Gundu mind:>.

21. OJmankunta. thand.

22. Teldc.......paJli thanda

23. I~ Uwldo

24. ltimulu NU< thlondl

15. Motiya chanda.

26. N~ tIwld:a

27. I"Iowt1pdd:a tNnda

""'8. Ch/QraI

29. Booduni dwlda

30. ~lQnur mar>d.

J I. Venk:l.tlganl thand.

32. Pathur m.nd>.

J3. Roopla tIIanda

H. Henkyi dw'Id:a

35. Leadpa tIwld:a

36. Pedcb. M.... thandI

31. Bacmpur tIwld:a

38. &njan napr tIwld:a

39. Poay.a N2iIc thancb

40. BodaIwKb. tNl'lda

•1. Dasarbpllll thand.

~2. Map""t thand.

-43. K~IW thand.

«. 80Ibvam Ihan<b

<45. Ilnhmm lUtD. tIwld:a............47. 1JI3bblowi ttww:b.

rNe mve..- completed the~m I"bndal)

Peddemul manda.I

I'lonfIJreddy dinsW:t 22 dlandm:

l. Ram,ingh ""and.

2. Oonnti thanda

J. Puhapw- thanda

<t. 8aI meedl thanda

S. Nedipim lNnda

6. Peddemul dwIda

7. M.danana~r thanda

8. Kandanelll thand.

9. M;vepalll thandJ

10. ~ddI dIand.a

11. MmAnpaIIi tIIanda

12. V~dw>dI

13, jiinm tIwMb. (G..O.-Indl.w')

.... 0hImU<.1Nnda

IS. Arpur

16. Girrmpur thancb

17. Thampalli d'lancb

18. AUkur thand.

19. SiddvlJ\a thand.

20. Ibcdukatu tIIanda

21. Onm Nail< dwIdi

"- ...........bWlcu manda.I

~"'i'" 6wia - 106 ihandcI$

aj HeoMjipur-

I. NeI.bond. thancb2. Manawu thlnd•

l M.ch....m thand.<t. Balajiguta thand.

S. Colony l1wIdl6. K~vi duncb.7. lavudyl th&nd.a

8. ~Iem thanda

'l_9. ~thanda

10. App.oj~ o:handa11. r..-umar..hkuna thlon<bI2. Netlbondo dIand.aIJ.5OIkri thand.

14. Pad,."layakunu. thand~

.

• I "-_hinn~revelli

) Bhoyanag.dda m.ncb

" f>och.mmlgadda th.ndo.7 Kolb~., tholnd.

<I ~dcbchellQ m.nd.

" V')'Ollpdda duncb

,I, I",ddare-elll

10. Bod.gutu th.1n<b2 L Oc.unigu= m.ndo.

,., T;",nu.~ri

22. Kishy.naik Thand.

21. Baly:l thlIncb

24. Gorig.ddl t/wIda

25. Pedcbbai lhancb

26. Body. th3ndo.27. G.utamp>fti m...do.

28. M.nyemgudem Wnd.

29.Jillanagadd. m.nd_

30. Patll...t mand.

3 I. V.kod...31 thanda

n. Oep."t thand.

)). Vayalpdd. !hancb

H. B;lnoji thando.

35. Ch.mi.....ik !hand.

f} Ncrel.p>lIi

36. Ulltunta t1,.nd.

37. Degawat lh.nd.

38. Bavoji tha.nd.

39. Vayubkunu !handa

40. Gandikunt:a thando.

4 1•Gudibancb !hancb

42. P.lgugadda. dur>cb

43.J.lgadde manda.44. Roopl. naik m.mb

45.P.nnya m.nd.

46. Muichenu manda

47. K..kubyakuntll m.nda

48. Makbpddo thando

49. Duu fllik thand.

SO. Dikya thar>cbSI. MPTC Roopb. naik thlIncb

&l Gundedu

52. Tmi thlInd~

h) Uditytla

53. Eedlmm>.pdda U"••r>cb54 M.mldigul'¥' m.ndoSS ll..:Imoy.kunIJ mand.

ij ~ghupur

56, Kurrl tha.nda.

57 ~dli thando

58 H~nm.all. tl\ancb

j} Rangoreddiguda

59 Anl.mm. mand.6O.5:>mla lhlnd.

61. Visla."t Wnd.

62. He..... tl\an<b

63 !\loi!<untla !hancb

M Slnglmm.guda thando.

k) Ktthireddlp>lIi

65 Cninl.1kunIJ l~n<:la

66. Yern.kum. manda

f} Motighonapur

67 MWipdda tha.nda

68, Kurrnapdd>. dunda

69, Mua"'m thand>.

m) Peddayap>1I1

70, Chlnn~lI,gadda mancb

71.ROO!l ,ingh thn_d.

72. Rajya dund.

n) StJrvam

n. Shakatam>polli mand>.

H. Poda...' th.In<llo

0) Eer:tnnapalli

7S. Eenn.pllli chanda

p) Cholwnpet

76.8o<bgutu ,hInd.

77. Kudmepalli th.Inda

~ """"'"'78. 50mb th:and:l79. Peddlo opu th.'lndl

r) Tin.mlbpur

80. NlrnlTlJWli dwId:a

$)~

81. MobNQ dwId:a

82. CNndnp ~nck

83. K."," at Thlond:l

84. JiYll thlnda85. R.r.tb. th.and.

0......,86. 80Plpni dw1dII

...... 87. s...,a d'Ian<b

88..1lltIin3p" lNndlI89 Colon, dwId>

u) Eecbnnapilll

90. Pembll ttwKl&

91. NvdIefUYU lNnclll

YI IUIlopalli

,~. HaI"l'il'JtU th.a~

'S.~ttwKl&

96. 6KclwWdi lNnda91.Palpnu>~

98. /"IeIaI:I tNnd.I

99. Kilhty.a ru'" cNndo

w) MaIepaI~

100. Mlllepalu thanda101. Ke<hl"'lUik tluod:;J

xl 1'1odoo,'"102.PP' Nil< Nndi10J.~ >Iancb

,) """'-ICH. Naml'" Nalk thlndaIOS T<>t>y. INndlI106. VVQtl'lVly~ 'dw>da

•

Consolidated and district·wiseResult of the Survey

Whit kind of hOUH:S of >;he La",hdlS .... inl

• HUll

• Til'"o ,",U

-

•P" ..

...... .0.- ......._' '..... y-, """'" , .

,---.....Rupondenu 9,22)MeGak 1,104Ibnp bddy 1,290NaJ&onda 3,00)Mitlboobr,.,- 3.826

/'" '...,

i

---

=-

"'

,

• OMn-.-)497 • "-

• Hor. o:han Four• No c.ao.

'"

•

•W1I<> do lhoy do With their produce!

0.09"

67.lM%

0.23%

.~-II

How many of them go for wor\(1

"

•

How rrw>y month,' .....crk do they get in l ye.l.r1

• 0-3 monthsD J.6 months• 0., mor>ths

•••••

·4S-ISo ""- lI·n• 1la.1:S.l .....

•_,r~ ~ t ~

• ••~

•

~•

§ ~•

!•

~ ~- •.- -- I''c PWLl

How many bo..6ed IIbourws are ct.en!.-­.-•

__L_J:"J._~--;~~.~.:,~. _

How mwy reported ogems Ire Yisldns die !hand. to coke .way pi babi...1

-­'"

00 l.<Imbadas tu..., bndl

f--------'--'----=--------'".-

How many could access Goftmment welfare pI'OlnllVl'Iel1

,~

,~~

" Cltl ChId~_,.~,'-.......,~. 0IIl,.._.w__

, ..••- ..

••

........••

•.'•

'",,,

.~

I .

Were Gnm Panchap.ts gnna coming to the tIwKb. "" _111 (thOIl! answering ·Y...)

59.87%," 't ...

,

How nw'ly could KcmI Gowe" •• ,ent and DIther puNIC Insl;ilulion&!

•.­••

•

•

•

"~ •-..., •

i

•• •.... .......

'­.-.­.~Cl • • '.~...~._-

."

".

'-.....• c;..-__._-• Ouo_

........---.......••

."

'"'

un

n­.-c _._-­._-~­_..---

Wrva decld'

a ...,..p ;;• O--~ __._­.....­.~.­.~~&-.. COolot--.- •

•

I- _.... .-

••

--

" ....... 1!,,~',-'-­.a..._,,~--• e-.~ .. -.........-.-

...........1)11

"~,, '"" 0--',-.' .......­·,''',,­a GooOoi__

• er..,.. 5000t0f .....• ea.,. .... ­.-

........

USI

."

• ••. *

,~,

---

,.,

--

D ~l,..,.

• ~11l,.....

• I~IJ,.....

SInce .....en hu dowry begurll

c ~S,.....

• 5-10,.....• I~IS,...

"

•....-

,m

,

,.,17U

•

•

".1411

U"

n" .m

,.,m

'" ~ =" " ..- -- nil M'

"'"

"-Tb., .......... iI: in lhou$andI Ihe cam-pIeg I'"OUf' 01' rapcl""" (}'dI""Cl moc....qcl• ...tIich Is I oImple CCICIl

11"'1

"0'

llOSI

COn!ohd1t~d

o. u

,"-••....-

,.m

""

.­.­• ItI=I 9.~

.-......=-..

.~__.. '1._­.-

....- -

un

--• " " " •

Infam: ind child morulity

,--i, ...-,---, •--, •...-•---

i, ---

I i I •-..., • ......" GHoft.I,-)_, " GHoII0r-ll_," ..,. (0-1 ,-)_, " ..,./1° __1-

•, ,, , • • • , • • • " " " •, ••~

, , • • , •• •

• I~ " n "

•

• ..... '...., -• ••

i I

• !i, , I, ! ,

i,•

i • •• • , i I , ,

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~-! •-~• ....~

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• •-...• • .......! I " c;Hr; to-' J'OO'1 _

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How many fa.. 'I.. hi... """~~

II

Andhra Pradesh - Affected Districts

Ita••

..

"

Areas of Investigation

Medak District

Nalgonda Distrl«

Ranga Reddy District

Mahboobnagar District

•

NRI

lHPS

Sarp'lnch

Daiamma

I ANM

RI

I Seth

ChakkJ

JSahll~r

I !roam

doraI Sel!thab festival

Naik

Nangara Bheri

Bhajan

CAM

VCA

NDC

Glossary of terms used

Non - Resident Indian

Lambada Hakkula Por-m. Samithi (Struggle-organization forthe righu of Lamoadas)

Elected headman I woman of the village

Dai-Traditlonal Birth Attendant

Auxiliary Nurse Midwife appointed by the Govt.

Revenue Inspector: works in the Handal Revenue OffiCI!

Owner, employer

Manually operated grinder for cereals

Moneylender

Gift

landlord

Fenival of sacdfice

Traditional headman of the thanda

Sound of the conch

Religious song

Central Adoption Resource Agency (Autonomous agencymanaging and monitoring adoptions)

Voluntary Coordinating Agency (monitoring agency at thestate level)

No objectIon certificne necessary for Inter countryadoptions

"

I

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SInc;e ...men Ius dowry begun!

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-The ........... 10 In t/Ious>tId< I« the com·~~allWp>I'Idena.-.pt brcrd•..... mo<orqde """*" 11 ••ltnpl.o toUl

How m;\ny girl. or~I! age >Cl! th...... In a family!

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What are the reuon. for quarrl!l.!

O~

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Mah.boobnl(lr ,--, ....-,~-! •-~, ....~

•~~,~ ....- •-...., , ........, I .. GWo 10-1 r-l_

• I.. G01t.(lo ,....1_

" lop 10-1 r-l_

"..,.C,o--,_-,,

i ,, , • , • , • • .. .. " "

~-'-

•

•

Andhra Pradesh - Affected Districts

•

PI t

I

•

IUnp Reddy District

Mahboobnagar Dinrlct

Areas of Investigation

- CI".d•..,......."d.1

-

Me<bk Disuict

Nalgonda District

Glossary of terms used

Non - Resident Indian

•

Rlli&iOul IOn,

Festival of sacrifice

Lambada Hakkula Porata Simlthi (Str\lUle-orpnindon forthe righu of Lambadu)

EJlcted headman f woman of the village

Oil-Traditional Birth "ttenonnt

Auxiliary Nursl Midwife appointed by the Govt. ,Rlvenul Inspector; worlu In the Mlndal Revenue Office

Owner, employer

Manually operated ,rlnder for cereals

Moneylender

G,ft

Traditional hudman of the thlndl

landlord

Sound of the conch

...,Clntral Adoption Resoun:e Aaency (AutonomO\lS qencymanagilll and monitorin, Idoptioru)

VOlunt3lrY Coordinltin, A,ency (monitorinc a,ency at theItue level)

No ObjectiOfl certificate neeenary for inter countryadoptions

NRJ

LHPS

Sarpanch

Dailmml

I ANH

RJ

"''''Chakkl

Sahuur

~.m

do~

Seethala festival

Naik

Nan,ara Bh,rl

8haian

CAAA

VCA

NOC

..

-