unharvested by robert frost a scent of ripeness from over a wall, a scent of ripeness from over a...

UnharvestedUnharvestedby Robert Frostby Robert Frost

A Scent of ripeness from over a wall,A Scent of ripeness from over a wall, And come to leave the routine roadAnd come to leave the routine road And look for what had made me stall,And look for what had made me stall, There sure enough was an apple treeThere sure enough was an apple tree That had eased itself of its summer load,That had eased itself of its summer load, And of all but its trivial foliage free,And of all but its trivial foliage free, Now breathed as light as a lady’s fan,Now breathed as light as a lady’s fan, For there there had been an apple fallFor there there had been an apple fall As complete as the apple had given man.As complete as the apple had given man. The ground was one circle of solid red.The ground was one circle of solid red.

May something go always unharvested!May something go always unharvested! May much stay out of our stated plan,May much stay out of our stated plan, Apples or something forgotten and left,Apples or something forgotten and left, So smelling their sweetness would be no theft.So smelling their sweetness would be no theft.

Toxicodendron rydbergiiToxicodendron rydbergiiFamily: AnacardiaceaeFamily: Anacardiaceae

Poison-ivyPoison-ivy

Conium maculatumConium maculatum L. L.Family: ApiaceaeFamily: ApiaceaePoison HemlockPoison Hemlock

Solanum dulcamaraSolanum dulcamara L. L.Family: SolanaceaeFamily: Solanaceae

Climbing NightshadeClimbing Nightshade

LamiaceaeLamiaceaeSub-class: AsteridaeSub-class: Asteridae

LAMIACEAE LAMIACEAE (formerly (formerly LABIATAELABIATAE)) - - The Mint FamilyThe Mint Family This is a large This is a large plant family of mostly shrubs and plant family of mostly shrubs and herbs, distributed all over the world. herbs, distributed all over the world. It includes many well-known herbs It includes many well-known herbs (Mint, Sage, Thyme, Basil), (Mint, Sage, Thyme, Basil), ornamental plants (Coleus, Leonotis) ornamental plants (Coleus, Leonotis) and weeds (Henbit, Ground Ivy, Self-and weeds (Henbit, Ground Ivy, Self-Heal).Heal).


Characteristics of this Plant Family:Characteristics of this Plant Family: Leaves, Stem & RootsLeaves, Stem & Roots ~ The stems of this family ~ The stems of this family

are very often square. The leaves are simple and are very often square. The leaves are simple and not divided, in pairs up the stem, each pair at right not divided, in pairs up the stem, each pair at right angles to the last, and they are frequently hairy or angles to the last, and they are frequently hairy or with scent glands. with scent glands.

FlowersFlowers ~ It is the flowers which give this plant ~ It is the flowers which give this plant family its original name of Labiatae. They have two family its original name of Labiatae. They have two lips, one more protruding than the other (labia is lips, one more protruding than the other (labia is the Latin for 'lip'). Generally, the upper lip has two the Latin for 'lip'). Generally, the upper lip has two lobes and forms a hood over the lower lip, and the lobes and forms a hood over the lower lip, and the lower lip consists of three lobes which form a lower lip consists of three lobes which form a landing platform for pollinating insects. The flowers landing platform for pollinating insects. The flowers occur in whorls or circles round the stem, and each occur in whorls or circles round the stem, and each flower protrudes from a pointed calyx. flower protrudes from a pointed calyx.


Characteristics of this Plant Family:Characteristics of this Plant Family: The international panel of botanists who The international panel of botanists who

rule on these things decided that all plant rule on these things decided that all plant families ought to have the same ending (-families ought to have the same ending (-aceae), and be named after a plant typical aceae), and be named after a plant typical of the family, so the family is now called of the family, so the family is now called Lamiaceae, after the type plant, Lamiaceae, after the type plant, LamiumLamium (Dead Nettle). (Dead Nettle).

SeedsSeeds ~ Each single flower can produce ~ Each single flower can produce four seeds. They form at the base of the four seeds. They form at the base of the flower and develop inside the calyx. There flower and develop inside the calyx. There is no seed pod. When the seeds are ripe, is no seed pod. When the seeds are ripe, they simply roll out of the calyx. they simply roll out of the calyx.


Members of this Family usually have: Members of this Family usually have: Square stemsSquare stems Leaves in pairs up the stem Leaves in pairs up the stem Flowers in circles round the stem Flowers in circles round the stem Flowers with hood at the top and lip at the Flowers with hood at the top and lip at the

bottom bottom Aromatic foliage Aromatic foliage but are not treesbut are not trees


The The Lamiaceae FamilyLamiaceae Family includes the following includes the following genera: genera:

Agastache, Ajuga, Colquhounia, Lamium, Agastache, Ajuga, Colquhounia, Lamium, Lavandula, Leonotis, Mentha, Micromeria, Lavandula, Leonotis, Mentha, Micromeria, Monarda, Nepeta, Ocimum, Origanum, Perilla, Monarda, Nepeta, Ocimum, Origanum, Perilla, Phlomis, Plectranthus, Rosmarinus, Salvia, Phlomis, Plectranthus, Rosmarinus, Salvia, Scutellaria, Solenostemon, Stachys, Teucrium, Scutellaria, Solenostemon, Stachys, Teucrium, ThymusThymus. .

The flowers are usually in separate whorls around The flowers are usually in separate whorls around the stem, but the whorls can also be so close the stem, but the whorls can also be so close together as to form a terminal spike. The seeds, together as to form a terminal spike. The seeds, called nutlets, are held on a pad at the bottom of called nutlets, are held on a pad at the bottom of the calyx, and simply roll out when they are ripe. the calyx, and simply roll out when they are ripe.


Some examples of Some examples of seedpods of plants seedpods of plants in this Family are: in this Family are:

In Montana, the family Lamiaceae In Montana, the family Lamiaceae includes the following genera:includes the following genera:

Agastache, Dracocephalum, Agastache, Dracocephalum, Galeopsis, Glecoma, Hedeoma, Galeopsis, Glecoma, Hedeoma, Hyssopus, Lamium, Leonurus, Hyssopus, Lamium, Leonurus, Lycopus, Marrubium, Mentha, Lycopus, Marrubium, Mentha, Monarda, Nepeta, Physostegia, Monarda, Nepeta, Physostegia, Prunella, Salvia, Satureja, Scutellaria, Prunella, Salvia, Satureja, Scutellaria, Stachys, Teucrium, ThymusStachys, Teucrium, Thymus



Agastache urticifolia Agastache urticifolia (Benth.) Kuntze(Benth.) Kuntze


Monarda fistulosaMonarda fistulosa L. L.


Salvia nemorosaSalvia nemorosa L. L.


Nepeta catariaNepeta cataria L. L.


Stachys palustrisStachys palustris L. L.

ScrophulariaceaeScrophulariaceaeSub-class: AsteridaeSub-class: Asteridae

The Figwort Family The Figwort Family This is a large plant family, with This is a large plant family, with around 3000 species in around 200 genera, mainly found in around 3000 species in around 200 genera, mainly found in the northern temperate regions of the world. Most of them the northern temperate regions of the world. Most of them are herbaceous, with a few shrubs and climbers, with one are herbaceous, with a few shrubs and climbers, with one genus of trees (genus of trees (PaulowniaPaulownia). Some of them are semi-). Some of them are semi-parasitic (Hay Rattle, Lousewort). parasitic (Hay Rattle, Lousewort).

Many of the plants in this Family are popular garden plants Many of the plants in this Family are popular garden plants - from tiny alpines like - from tiny alpines like ErinusErinus, through Snapdragons , through Snapdragons ((AntirrhinumAntirrhinum) and Foxglove () and Foxglove (DigitalisDigitalis) to the Mulleins ) to the Mulleins ((VerbascumVerbascum), and several are well-known weeds - the ), and several are well-known weeds - the Speedwells (Speedwells (VeronicaVeronica), Eyebright (), Eyebright (EuphrasiaEuphrasia) and the ) and the Toadflaxes (Toadflaxes (LinariaLinaria). Other plants in this family grown for ). Other plants in this family grown for ornament include ornament include MimulusMimulus, , PenstemonPenstemon, , HebeHebe, and , and CalceolariaCalceolaria. One or two are grown for the production of . One or two are grown for the production of drugs, notably drugs, notably DigitalisDigitalis (Foxglove) for digitalin. (Foxglove) for digitalin.


Characteristics of this Plant Family:Characteristics of this Plant Family: Leaves, Stem & Roots ~Leaves, Stem & Roots ~ Generally, the leaves are Generally, the leaves are

opposite or alternate, without stipules, and may be opposite or alternate, without stipules, and may be evergreen. Sometimes, they are lobed or cut. evergreen. Sometimes, they are lobed or cut.

Flowers ~Flowers ~ The calyx under the flowers has five lobes, and The calyx under the flowers has five lobes, and the flowers are usually borne in spikes. There are two main the flowers are usually borne in spikes. There are two main flower shapes. Some species (e.g. flower shapes. Some species (e.g. VeronicaVeronica), have four ), have four petals, but many have irregular shaped flowers with five petals, but many have irregular shaped flowers with five petals, often joined to form a bell or tube, sometimes with petals, often joined to form a bell or tube, sometimes with two lips. In some species (e.g. two lips. In some species (e.g. LinariaLinaria), there is a long ), there is a long hollow spur with nectar to attract pollinators. There are two hollow spur with nectar to attract pollinators. There are two long and two short stamens attached to the petals. long and two short stamens attached to the petals.

Seeds ~Seeds ~ The seed capsule in this Family is inside the The seed capsule in this Family is inside the flower (superior), and has two parts, each with many small flower (superior), and has two parts, each with many small seeds. seeds.


Members of this Family usually Members of this Family usually have: have:

Opposite or alternate leavesOpposite or alternate leaves Flowers in spikesFlowers in spikes Irregular flowers with four or five Irregular flowers with four or five

petals petals and are mostly short herbs and are mostly short herbs


The The Scrophulariaceae FamilyScrophulariaceae Family includes the includes the following genera: following genera:

Antirrhinum, Asarina, Calceolaria, Capraria, Antirrhinum, Asarina, Calceolaria, Capraria, Castilleja, Centranthera, Collinsia, Castilleja, Centranthera, Collinsia, Cymbalaria, Digitalis, Erinus, Euphrasia, Cymbalaria, Digitalis, Erinus, Euphrasia, Hebe, Linaria, Melampyrum, Mimulus, Hebe, Linaria, Melampyrum, Mimulus, Neirembergia, Nemesia, Odontites, Neirembergia, Nemesia, Odontites, Paulownia, Pedicularis, Penstemon, Paulownia, Pedicularis, Penstemon, Rhinanthus, Scrophularia, Sibthorpia, Rhinanthus, Scrophularia, Sibthorpia, Stemotria, Striga, Torenia, Verbascum, Stemotria, Striga, Torenia, Verbascum, Veronica, WulfeniaVeronica, Wulfenia. .


In most members of this Family, the In most members of this Family, the seedpod is a seedpod is a dry capsuledry capsule, formed from a , formed from a superior ovarysuperior ovary. .

The seed capsule is usually dehiscent, The seed capsule is usually dehiscent, containing many small seeds, which may containing many small seeds, which may be smooth or patterned. The capsule is be smooth or patterned. The capsule is rarely indehiscent, when it can be dry or rarely indehiscent, when it can be dry or succulent. In many cases, the seedpod is succulent. In many cases, the seedpod is pointed and opens like a beak. pointed and opens like a beak.


Some examples of Some examples of seedpods of plants seedpods of plants in this Family are: in this Family are:


In Montana, the family is represented In Montana, the family is represented by the following genera: by the following genera: Bacopa, Bacopa, Besseya, Castilleja, Chionophila, Besseya, Castilleja, Chionophila, Collinsia, Cordylanthus, Digitalis, Collinsia, Cordylanthus, Digitalis, Euphrasia, Gratiola, Limosella, Euphrasia, Gratiola, Limosella, Linaria, Melampyrum, Mimulus, Linaria, Melampyrum, Mimulus, Orthocarpus, Pedicularis, Penstemon, Orthocarpus, Pedicularis, Penstemon, Rhinanthus, Scrohularia, Synthyris, Rhinanthus, Scrohularia, Synthyris, Verbascum, VeronicaVerbascum, Veronica


Castilleja crista-galliCastilleja crista-galli Rydb . Rydb .

Mountainside Paintbrush

CampanulaceaeCampanulaceaeSub-class: AsteridaeSub-class: Asteridae

Linaria dalmaticaLinaria dalmatica (L.) Miller (L.) Miller

Dalmatian Toadflax(Noxious Weed)


Mimulus lewisiiMimulus lewisii Pursh Pursh

Purple Monkey Flower


Penstemon nitidusPenstemon nitidus Dougl. Ex Benth. Dougl. Ex Benth.

Wax-leaved Penstemon


Veronica americanaVeronica americana Schwein. Ex Benth Schwein. Ex Benth


The Bellflower FamilyThe Bellflower Family This plant family contains mostly perennial This plant family contains mostly perennial

plants, although some are annual or plants, although some are annual or biennial, but hardly any shrubs. Plants of biennial, but hardly any shrubs. Plants of this family are found in most parts of the this family are found in most parts of the world except Africa, although the majority world except Africa, although the majority are found in the temperate regions. The are found in the temperate regions. The flowers are most usually blue. The family flowers are most usually blue. The family includes includes Campanula, Symphyandra, Campanula, Symphyandra, EdraianthusEdraianthus, and almost all are grown for , and almost all are grown for ornament. They may be several feet tall, or ornament. They may be several feet tall, or only a few inches.only a few inches.


Characteristics of this Plant Family:Characteristics of this Plant Family:

Leaves, Stem & Roots ~Leaves, Stem & Roots ~ There is a variety of leaf shapes in this family, There is a variety of leaf shapes in this family, although they are undivided. They may be kidney-shaped, oval, round, or although they are undivided. They may be kidney-shaped, oval, round, or like a nettle. The stem varies with the size and type of the plant - it may be like a nettle. The stem varies with the size and type of the plant - it may be woody, wiry or brittle. The root is often a tuber or at least fleshy. woody, wiry or brittle. The root is often a tuber or at least fleshy.

Flowers ~Flowers ~ It is the flowers which give this plant family its name. It is the flowers which give this plant family its name. Campanula is Latin for bell, and the majority of the flowers are bell-shaped Campanula is Latin for bell, and the majority of the flowers are bell-shaped to some degree. They may be long tubular bells, or open starry shapes. In to some degree. They may be long tubular bells, or open starry shapes. In some members of the family, the likeness to a bell is not apparent - in some members of the family, the likeness to a bell is not apparent - in JasioneJasione or or PhyteumaPhyteuma, for instance, where there are many flowers together , for instance, where there are many flowers together forming a single 'flower-head'. The flower parts are in fives - this is most forming a single 'flower-head'. The flower parts are in fives - this is most noticeable in the five points at the end of the bell, and the five points to noticeable in the five points at the end of the bell, and the five points to the sepals (calyx). Flowers occur in all shades of blue, and in mauves, the sepals (calyx). Flowers occur in all shades of blue, and in mauves, purples, white, and rarely pink or cream. purples, white, and rarely pink or cream.

Seeds ~Seeds ~ Each single flower can produce thousands of seeds. They form in Each single flower can produce thousands of seeds. They form in three chambers in the seed capsule, and are usually tiny. three chambers in the seed capsule, and are usually tiny.


Members of this Family usually Members of this Family usually have: have:

Blue (or white) bell-shaped flowersBlue (or white) bell-shaped flowers Lots of small seedsLots of small seeds


The The Campanulaceae FamilyCampanulaceae Family includes the includes the following genera: following genera:

Adenophora, Asyneuma, Campanula, Adenophora, Asyneuma, Campanula, Campanumoea, Canarina, Cephalostigma, Campanumoea, Canarina, Cephalostigma, Codonopsis, Cyananthus, Edraianthus, Codonopsis, Cyananthus, Edraianthus, Githopsis, Isotoma, Jasione, Legousia, Githopsis, Isotoma, Jasione, Legousia, Lightfootia, Merciera, Michauxia, Lightfootia, Merciera, Michauxia, Ostrowskia, Peracarpa, Phyteuma, Ostrowskia, Peracarpa, Phyteuma, Platycodon, Roella, Symphyandra, Platycodon, Roella, Symphyandra, Trachelium, Wahlenbergia.Trachelium, Wahlenbergia.


In most members of this Family, the seedpod is a In most members of this Family, the seedpod is a capsulecapsule, containing , containing many smallmany small seeds. seeds.

Sometimes, the ovary is inferior and sometimes it Sometimes, the ovary is inferior and sometimes it is superior. The capsule is usually dehiscent is superior. The capsule is usually dehiscent (opens when it is mature). In a few cases, it is (opens when it is mature). In a few cases, it is indehiscent, and in two genera (indehiscent, and in two genera (CampanumoeaCampanumoea and and CanarinaCanarina), the fruit (seedpod) is a berry. ), the fruit (seedpod) is a berry.

In the genus In the genus CampanulaCampanula, one of the most popular , one of the most popular genera grown by gardeners, the seedpod is a bell genera grown by gardeners, the seedpod is a bell or lantern-shaped, downward-facing capsule, or lantern-shaped, downward-facing capsule, which opens with three 'windows' on the top, and which opens with three 'windows' on the top, and the seeds are pale beige almost flat ovals. the seeds are pale beige almost flat ovals.


In Montana, the family is represented In Montana, the family is represented by the following genera: by the following genera: Campanula, Campanula, Downingia, Howellia, Lebelia, Downingia, Howellia, Lebelia, TriodanisTriodanis


Campanula rotundifoliaCampanula rotundifolia L. L.

Common Harebell


Campanula scabrella Campanula scabrella Engelm.Engelm.

Rough harebell

unharvested by robert frost a scent of ripeness from over a wall, a scent of ripeness from over a...

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